Difference between revisions of "Apostles"

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*[[Apostle Peter|Simon Peter]]
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*'''[[Apostle Peter|Simon Peter]]''' - ([[June 20]] and [[January 16]]) beheaded
*[[Apostle Andrew|Andrew the First-called]], brother of Peter
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*'''[[Apostle Andrew|Andrew the First-called]]''' - ([[November 30]]) brother of Peter; crucified
*[[Apostle James (son of Zebedee)|James (son of Zebedee)]], also called "the Great"
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*'''[[Apostle James (son of Zebedee)|James (son of Zebedee)]]''' - ([[April 30]])  also called "the Great"; beheaded
*[[Apostle John|John the Theologian]], brother of James
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*'''[[Apostle John|John the Theologian]]''' - ([[September 26]] and [[May 8]])  brother of James; reposed in a miraculous manner
*[[Apostle Philip (of the Twelve)|Philip]]
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*'''[[Apostle Philip (of the Twelve)|Philip]]''' - ([[November 14]]) crucified
*[[Apostle Bartholomew|Bartholomew]], also called Nathaniel
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*'''[[Apostle Bartholomew|Bartholomew]]''' - ([[June 11]] and [[August 25]]) also called Nathaniel; crucified, flayed and beheaded
  
 
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*[[Apostle Thomas|Thomas]]
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*'''[[Apostle Thomas|Thomas]]''' - ([[October 6]]) pierced with five spears
*[[Apostle Matthew|Matthew]], also called Levi
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*'''[[Apostle Matthew|Matthew]]''' - ([[November 16]]) also called Levi; burned alive
*[[Apostle James (son of Alphaeus)|James (son of Alphaeus)]]
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*'''[[Apostle James (son of Alphaeus)|James (son of Alphaeus)]]''' - ([[October 9]]) crucified
*[[Apostle Jude|Jude]], also called Lebbaeus, surnamed Thaddeus, brother of James, brother of God
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*'''[[Apostle Jude|Jude]]''' - ([[June 19]]) also called Lebbaeus, surnamed Thaddeus, brother of James, brother of God; crucified
*[[Apostle Simon|Simon the Zealot]], also called "the Cananite"
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*'''[[Apostle Simon|Simon the Zealot]]''' - ([[May 10]]) also called "the Cananite"; crucified
*[[Apostle Matthias|Matthias]], who replaced Judas Iscariot
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*'''[[Apostle Matthias|Matthias]]''' - ([[August 9]]) replaced Judas Iscariot; stoned and beheaded
 
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Revision as of 02:54, August 2, 2005

The Calling of the Twelve

An Apostle is one who is sent out by our Lord Jesus Christ to spread the gospel that he is the Messiah, that he is risen, and that we are being saved as a result.

The word apostle comes from the Greek αποστολος, literally meaning "one who is sent out." Originally a military term referring to a sortie sent out against the enemy, apostle has in the Christian context come to refer to a missionary spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ.

The Twelve

Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles

Our Lord originally appointed twelve apostles as his initial Church community, commissioned with the task of sharing the faith. As told in the Gospels, Judas Iscariot was originally one of them, but with his apostasy and death, he was replaced with Matthias. Their collective feast day is June 30.

After Judas' replacement, the Twelve consisted of the following:

The Seventy

The Seventy Apostles are those whom the Lord chose (described in Luke 10:1-16) in addition to the Twelve and sent forth to assist in the work of preaching. Over time, the Twelve added others to their number, who were sent out with the original Seventy to preach the gospel. Although this number eventually exceeded seventy, they were all nevertheless referred to as "of the Seventy" out of reverence to the number which the Lord originally chose. Their collective feast day is January 4.

Communion of the Apostles

It is difficult to determine a comprehensive and accurate list of the Seventy, but here are some of their names:

Achaicus, Agabus, Alphaeus, Amplias, Ananias (who baptized Paul), Andronicus, Apelles, Apollo, Apphia, Aquila, Archippus, Aristarchus, Aristobulus, Artemas, Asyncritus, Barnabas (leader of the Seventy and companion of Paul), Caesar, Carpus, Cephas, Clement, Cleopas (who accompanied the Lord to Emmaus), Crescens, Crispus, Epenetus, Erastus, Evodus, Fortunatus, Gaius, Hermas, James (the Brother of God, also called "the Less"), Jason, Junia, Linus, Lucius, Luke the Evangelist (companion of Paul and author of the Gospel that bears his name), Mark the Evangelist (companion of Paul and author of the Gospel that bears his name), Nathaniel, Nicanor (one of the original seven deacons), Olympas, Onesimus, Onesiphorus, Parmenas (one of the original seven deacons), Patrobas, Philemon, Philip (one of the original seven deacons), Phlegon, Priscilla, Prochorus (one of the original seven deacons), Pudens, Quadratus, Quartus, Rodion, Rufus, Silas (companion of Paul), Silvan, Sosipater, Sosthenes, Stachys, Stephen the Protomartyr (one of the original seven deacons), Terpnus, Tertius, Thaddeus (sometimes confused with Jude of the Twelve), Timon (one of the original seven deacons), Timothy (companion of Paul), Titus, Trophimus, Urban, Zacchaeus, and Zenas.

Other Apostles

The Apostle Paul is also referred to as an apostle, though he is not one of the Twelve or of the Seventy. Other missionary saints are also referred to as apostles, though usually not as an initial title, but rather as an epithet, e.g., "Apostle to the North" (though some regard this usage as not traditionally Orthodox). Further, other saints have the epithet "equal to the apostles" (in Greek, Ισαποστολος), usually because of their significant work in building up the Church.