Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Orthodoxy in the British Isles"
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== Modern historical period== | == Modern historical period== | ||
+ | ''Grand Duchess St. Elizabeth (a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and a great-aunt of Prince Philip) and St. John Maximovich, who have been associated with them in the recent past. The memory of Brother Lazaros, killed (some would say, martyred) within the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vivid...'' | ||
+ | |||
* 1906 Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas built in Cardiff. | * 1906 Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas built in Cardiff. | ||
* 1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek Orthodox community churches to [[Church of Greece]]. | * 1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek Orthodox community churches to [[Church of Greece]]. | ||
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* 1962 The [[Diocese of Sourozh]] founded by Metropolitan [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh]]. | * 1962 The [[Diocese of Sourozh]] founded by Metropolitan [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh]]. | ||
* 1966 St. [[John the Wonderworker]], Archbishop of London. | * 1966 St. [[John the Wonderworker]], Archbishop of London. | ||
− | * 1975 | + | * 1975 Repose of Metropolitan [[Nikolaos of Halkis]] in a London hospital; the Greek Orthodox community of Saint Panteleimon of Harrow established<ref>http://www.st-panteleimon.org/ </ref> |
* 1978 [[Diocese of Sourozh]] buys the Cathedral of the [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Dormition and All Saints]], in London's [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Ennismore Gardens]]. | * 1978 [[Diocese of Sourozh]] buys the Cathedral of the [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Dormition and All Saints]], in London's [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Ennismore Gardens]]. | ||
* 1979 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] appointed to | * 1979 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] appointed to |
Revision as of 05:11, May 12, 2009
This article is marked as in progress by Ixthis888, who is actively developing it. It has yet to achieve a stable or complete form and is currently being worked on. Please carefully consider before making major edits to this article. |
The early Christian writers Tertullian and Origen mention the existence of a British church in the third century AD and in the fourth century British bishops attended a number of councils, such as the Council of Arles in 314 and the Council of Rimini in 359.
The first member of the British church whom we know by name is St Alban, who, tradition tells us, was martyred for his faith on the spot where St Albans Abbey now stands.
The British church was a missionary church with figures such as St Illtud, St Ninian and St Patrick evangelising in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, but the invasions by the pagan Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the fifth century seem to have destroyed the organisation of the church in much of what is now England. In 597 a mission sent by Pope Gregory the Great and led by St Augustine of Canterbury landed in Kent to begin the work of converting these pagan peoples.
What eventually became known as the "Church of England" [1] was the result of a combination of three traditions, that of Augustine and his successors, the remnants of the old Romano-British traditions and the Celtic tradition coming down from Scotland and associated with people like St Aidan and St Cuthbert.
These three traditions came together as a result of increasing mutual contact and a number of local synods, of which the Synod of Whitby in 664 has traditionally been seen as the most important. The result was an English Church, led by the two Archbishops of Canterbury and York, that was fully assimilated into the mainstream Church. This meant that it was influenced by the wider development of the Christian tradition in matters such as theology, liturgy, church architecture, and the development of monasticism.
Regarding the British Isles, what is known about the state of the Church there at the time of the Great Schism is that subsequent to the Norman Invasion in 1066, church life was radically altered. Native clergy were replaced, liturgical reform enacted, and a strong emphasis on papal church control was propagated. As such, it is probably safe to say that, prior to 1066, the church of the British Isles was Orthodox, and the Normans brought the effects of the Great Schism to British soil. As such, it is probably proper to regard King Harold II as an Orthodox Christian.
It also meant that after King Harold II, the English church continued under the authority of the Pope and not with Orthodoxy and this article does not consider the historical development of the "Church of England" after this date.
Orthodoxy was reintroduced by the Church of Greece and by Russia ... [to be developed] ...
The greatest contributor towards documenting the ecclesiastical and political history of England is attested to St. Bede, who completed in 731 five volumes of his best known work The Ecclesiastical History of England.
Contents
- 1 First Century
- 2 Historical Period (200-500)
- 3 Historical period, 500-600
- 4 Historical period 600-700
- 5 Historical period, 700-800
- 6 Historical period, 800-900
- 7 History of England post Bede
- 8 Historical period, 900-1000
- 9 post Great Schism
- 10 Modern historical period
- 11 Current history
- 12 2009-Present
- 13 Notes
- 14 See also
- 15 External links
- 16 Further Reading
- 17 References
First Century
According to the compilers of the Synaxarion, three members of the Apostolic Church had been responsible for preaching the Gospel in Britain - St. Peter who, after visiting Milan, had "passed over to the island of Britain, now called England, (where) he spent many years and turned many erring Gentiles to faith in Christ"; St. Aristobulus (brother of St. Barnabas), who is called the Apostle of Britain and who was its first bishop; and St. Simon the Canaanite and Zealot. In these Islands, the Celtic Church had shone forth - especially during the glorious period known as the "Age of Saints" when its missionaries preached throughout much of Europe, becoming 'Equals to the Apostles'. In addition, Ireland had been a place of refuge for monks fleeing from iconoclastic persecution; and, later, it was to be referred to as "the New Thebais" on account of the number of its monasteries.
Historical Period (200-500)
- 283-305 Protomartyr of England, St. Alban [2][3], June 22.
- 419 King Brychan of Brecknock born, circa 419, in South Wales.
- 432 St. Patrick missions to Ireland.
- 484 Brendon the Navigator born at Tralee in Kerry, Ireland.
- 493 Repose of Holy Hierarch Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland.
Historical period, 500-600
- 525 Repose of St. Brigid of Kildaire, February 1.
- 550 Repose of St. Jarlath of Tuam, first Bishop of Tuam, June 6.
- 563 Columba of Iona founded the monastery of Iona in Scotland.
- 577 Repose of St. Brendon the Navigator, May 16.
- 587 Repose of David of Wales, March 1.
- 596 Gregory the Great sends Augustine[4] to Britain to convert the Kingdom of Kent.
- 597 Repose of St. Columba of Iona, enlightener of Scotland, June 9.
Historical period 600-700
- 601 Repose of St. David of Wales, Bishop of Menevia; the "St Augustine Gospels" are sent to Augustine of Canterbury [5]
- 7th century: Celtic missions are launched in Northumbria (aidan, Cuthbert).
- 604 First Bishop of London, Mellitus consecrated by Augustine in the province of East Saxons; Repose of Saint Augustine of Canterbury "Apostle to the English" May 26; Saint Laurence of Canterbury consecrated as the second Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 612 Repose of Dubricius of Caerleon, Archbishop of Caerleon and Wales, November 14.
- 619 Repose of St. Laurence of Canterbury, February 3; Mellitus consecrated as third Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 624 Repose of St. Mellitus, first Bishop of London, April 24.
- 630 Audrey of Ely born in West Suffolk.
- 647 Repose of St. Felix of Burgundy, Apostle of East Anglia, March 8.
- 651 Repose of St. Aidan of Lindisfarne, enlightener of Northumbria of Northern England, August 31.
- 664 Synod of Whitby
- 668 citation needed
- 669 Theodore of Canterbury arrives in Kent at the age of seven;
- 672 Repose of Chad of Lichfield and Mercia, March 2.
- 675 Repose of St. Ethelburgh, first abbess of the Convent of Barking
- 679 Repose of St. Audrey of Ely.
- 680 Repose of St. Botolph of Iken. June 17; Repose of St. Hilda of Whitby, November 17.
- 681 Repose of St. Caedmon, February 11 [6]
- 685 Cuthbert of Lindisfarne consecrated Bishop of Lindisfarne, March 26, by St. Theodore
- 686 Repose of St. Cuthbert of Lindisfarne, March 20.
- 690 Repose of St. Theodore of Canterbury, eighth Archbishop of Canterbury, September 19
- 694 Repose of St. Sebbe, founder of the monastery of Westiminster.
- 693 Repose of St. Erconwald, Bishop of London.
- 696 Incorrupt body of Audrey of Ely found.
Historical period, 700-800
- 709 Repose of St. Wilfrid, Bishop of Hexham (April 24)
- 714 Repose of St. Guthlac of Crowland (April 11).
- 716 Repose of St. Donald of Ogilvry (July 15), Confessor of Scotland.
- 731 Bede writes "The Ecclesiastical History of the English People"'
- 735 Repose of Venerable Bede (May 25).
Historical period, 800-900
History of England post Bede
- 869 King Edmund of East Anglia (November 20) martyred.
- 870 Repose of Ss. Beocca and Hethor, the two martyrs of Chertsey.
- 890 Bede's Ecclesiastical History was translated into Old English at the insistence of Alfred the Great.
- 899 Repose of King Alfred the Great (October 26).
Historical period, 900-1000
- 903 King Alfred the Great[7] relics translated to New Minster.
- 955 Repose of King Edred of England (November 23).
- 988 Repose of St. Dunstan of Canterbury, Bishop of London.
- 1002 Repose of St. Wulsin, renewer of the Monastery of St. Peter.
- 1005 Repose of St. Alphege
- 1012 St. Alphege, Archbishop of Canterbury martyred to the east of London at Greenwich.
- 1066 Repose of the last Orthodox King of England, Harold of England (October 14).
post Great Schism
Great Schism. Church of England no longer with the Eastern Orthodox church. Orthodoxy re-establishes in Great Britain around the 16-17th century. citation needed
- 1670 Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain established by priest Daniel Voulgaris first Greek Orthodox Community in London.
- 1676 Arrival of Joseph Georgerines, Archbisop of Samos.
- 1677 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" erected for the Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain [8]
- 1684 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" confiscated and handed over to Huguenot refugees from France. Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain forced to worship for the next 150 years in the Imperial Russian Embassy.
- 1738 Print 'Noon' [9] by William Hogarth [10] shows evidence of a crowd exiting a Greek Orthodox church.
- 1837 Imperial Russian Embasy offers hospitality in Finsbury Park, London to the Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain community for their religious activities.
- 1850 Greek Orthodox church built in London Street in the City.
- 1877 Greek Orthodox Church of the Divine Wisdom (St Sophia) in Bayswater built.
- 1899 Bede is made a "Doctor of the Church" [11] by Leo XIII.
- 1840-1924 St. Arsenios of Cappadocia prophesised that "The Church in the British Isles will only begin to truly grow again when it begins to venerate once more its own saints".
Modern historical period
Grand Duchess St. Elizabeth (a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and a great-aunt of Prince Philip) and St. John Maximovich, who have been associated with them in the recent past. The memory of Brother Lazaros, killed (some would say, martyred) within the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vivid...
- 1906 Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas built in Cardiff.
- 1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek Orthodox community churches to Church of Greece.
- 1922 the Holy Synod of the Oecumenical Patriarchate recognises the Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain with London as its seat; Germanos Strinopoulos choses as first Bishop and Metropolitan of Thyateira.
- {{Germanos was succeeded after his death in 1951 by Archbishop Athenagoras Kavadas (1951-1962); after his death by Archbishop Athenagoras Kokkinakis (1963-1979) and after his death by Archbishop Methodios Fouyias (1979-1988), who was replaced in April 1988 by the present incumbent of the Archdiocese, Archbishop Gregorios Theocharous (who for the previous 18 years had been Bishop of Tropaeou, serving in North London)}}
- 1962 The Diocese of Sourozh founded by Metropolitan Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh.
- 1966 St. John the Wonderworker, Archbishop of London.
- 1975 Repose of Metropolitan Nikolaos of Halkis in a London hospital; the Greek Orthodox community of Saint Panteleimon of Harrow established[12]
- 1978 Diocese of Sourozh buys the Cathedral of the Dormition and All Saints, in London's Ennismore Gardens.
- 1979 Bishop Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia appointed to
- 1982 Bishop Kallistos consecrated as Bishop for the Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain
- 1996 St. Aidan's Antiochian (Coptic) Orthodox Church in Manchester consecrated by Metropolitan Gabriel (Saliby).
Current history
- 2000 Archdiocese of Thyateira annual Youth Conference held at Wood Green, North London, April 21.
- 2001 Bishop Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia retires.
- 2005 Mission in Macclesfield dedicated to St. Theodore of Canterbury opens in September.
- 2006 the "Sourozh" drama plays out.
- 2007 Diocese of Diokleia elevated to Metropolis, March 30; Bishop Elisey of Sourozh consecrated;
- Repose of Metropolitan Gabriel Saliby (Antiochian);
- Bishop John Yazigi elected to Metropolitanate of Western and Central Europe, March 30
- 2008 Enthronement of Metropolitan John (Yazigi) of Western and Central Europe, September 20.
2009-Present
- 2009 February: Ordinary meeting of clergy held at the Diocese of Sourozh at the London Cathedral, February 28.
- 2009 March:
- 2009 April:
- 2009 May: Diocese of Sourozh Annual Conference May 22-25 held in Reigate, Surrey.
Notes
- Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
- The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
- This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the Orthodox Church, though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.
See also
External links
Greek Orthodox Church in Great Britain
- Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain - Orthodoxy in the British Isles
Russian Orthodox Church in Great Britain
- Diocese of Sourozh under the Patriarchate of Moscow
Further Reading
References
- ↑ The "Church of England" (the Ecclesia Anglicana - or the English Church)
- ↑ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles list the year of St. Alban's execution as 283 not as 305.
- ↑ St. Alban is first mentioned in "Acta Martyrum", and also by Constantius of Lyon in his Life of St. Germanus of Auxerre, written about 480
- ↑ Saint Augustine of Canterbury is also called the "Apostle to the English".
- ↑ The "St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in existence.
- ↑ Cædmon is said to have taken holy orders at an advanced age and it is implied that he lived at Streonæshalch at least in part during Hilda’s abbacy (657–680). Book IV Chapter 25 of the Historia ecclesiastica appears to suggest that Cædmon’s death occurred at about the same time as the fire at Coldingham Abbey, an event dated in the E text of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to 679, but after 681 by Bede.
- ↑ Considered a local Saint by the Orthodox church of England but not formally canonised.
- ↑ "In the year of salvation 1677 this Temple was erected for the nation of the Greeks, the Most Serene Charles II being King, and the Roual Prince Lord James being commander of the foreces, the Right Reverend Lord Henry Compton being Bishop, at the expense of the above and other Bishops and Nobles and with the concurrence of our Humility of Samos Joseph Georgeirenes, from the island of Melos." - Inscription from tablet carved in Greek preserved on the west wall of the church Charing Cross Road. This site is now occupied by St Mary's of Kenton a non-Orthodox denomination.
- ↑ From the series entitled "The Four Times of the Day"
- ↑ In Hogarth’s time the portion of the street where the church stood was called Hog Lane. It was later renamed Crown Street and was demolished when Charing Cross Road was widened.
- ↑ The position of "Doctor of the Church" is a position of theological significance; St. Bede is the only man from Great Britain to achieve this designation (Anselm of Canterbury, also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy
- ↑ http://www.st-panteleimon.org/
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