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Yesehaq (Mandefro) of the Western Hemisphere

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===In Jamaica and the Caribbean===
Abuna Yesehaq's work in the Caribbean began after Emperor [[w:Haile Selassie I|Haile Selassie I]] visited Jamaica in 1966 (i.e. [[w:Grounation Day|Grounation Day]]) and was thronged by local Rastafarians, who saw Selassie as a modern-day messiah. According to church leaders, Selassie denied being a deity and urged Yesehaq to try to draw the Rastafarians to the Ethiopian church.<ref>Debbi Wilgoren. ''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4655 Ethiopians in D.C. Region Mourn Archbishop's Death].'' Washington Post. January 13, 2006. Page B01. (Yahoo Orthodox News).</ref> Upon his return to Ethiopia from Jamaica, Emperor [[w:Haile Selassie I|Haile Selassie I]] spoke to Abuna Yesehaq, Archbishop [[Hieromonk]] of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church abroad, and declared:
:"There is a problem in Jamaica.... Please, help these people. They are misunderstanding, they do not understand our culture.... They need a church to be established and you are chosen to go."<ref name="BMBC"/>
Thus in 1970 Abuna Yesehaq was sent to Jamaica where he began to minister specifically to the [[w:Rastafari|Rastafari]] community, at the official invitation of Rasta elders including [[w:Joseph Hibbert|Joseph Hibbert]], who was in turn named as a "Spiritual Organizer" by Mandefro. In the course of a year he baptized some 1200 dreads and laid the foundation for the church's subsequent growth. He also encountered fierce opposition from those Elders who taught that Haile Selassie was Jah in essence and demanded "baptism in Ras Tafari's name". In Montego Bay, only one dread accepted Orthodox baptism; Laike Mandefro baptized him Ahadu -- "One Man".<ref name=NORMAN3>Norman H. Redington. ''[http://www.thirdfield.com/new/religion.html The Rastafari Religion].'' 12 May 1995 16:39:36 GMT.</ref>
Many government officials and others in Jamaica were deeply disappointed that Abba Mandefro defended the Rastafarians' faith on many occasions, and that he [[Baptism|baptised]] thousands of them, pointedly refusing to denounce their faith in Haile Selassie as the returned Christ. On the other hand, a large number of other Rastas were likewise disappointed because he would not [[Baptism|baptise]] them in the name of the Emperor, but only in the name of [[Jesus Christ]]. This however did not disturb those Rastas who viewed Christ and Haile Selassie as one and the same, and readily underwent baptism at the hands of this man who had been sent from Ethiopia by their living God.
His funeral at the National Arena in Jamaica on [[January 20]], 2006 drew hundreds of mourners including Jamaican politicians, celebrities and members of the Rastafarian community, and was marked by lengthy rituals of liturgical drumming and chanting in the ancient Ethiopian languages of Geez and Amharic.<ref name="BERMUDA"/>
 
His Mausoleum is in Kingston, Jamaica, at the Holy Trinity Ethiopian Orthodox Church on Maxfield Ave.<ref>Emahoy Hannah Mariam. ''[http://www.ethiopianorthodoxchurch.info/about.html Ethiopian Orthodox Church Info].'' Retrieved: 2012-04-23.</ref>
==Legacy==
Abba Mandefro founded many [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches throughout the Caribbean and elsewhere, being credited with forming more than 70 congregations, with more than 300,000 members, many of them in the Caribbean.<ref name="NY TIMES"/> Besides establishing the EOC in Jamaica in 1970 with branches islandwide, <ref group="note">According to a report by the Wolrd Council of Churches in 2000:<br>:"The Ethiopian Monk Priest, Abba Mandefro (now Archbishop Yesehaq) and other Ethiopian prelates established the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Jamaica, in May 1970. It falls within the Western Archdiocese of the Church of Ethiopia. In Jamaica there are some six branches of the church found in Kingston, St. James, Portland, Westmoreland and St. Catherine. There is a misconception among some Jamaicans that the Ethiopian Orthodox Church is a Rastafarian Church. This misconception may have been precipitated by the fact that many Rastafarians associate themselves with the church because of its African origin and its links with Ethiopian Emperor, Haile Salassie."<br>:* World Council of Churches (Education and Ecumenical Formation). ''[http://www.oikoumene.org/fileadmin/files/wcc-main/documents/p5/Ministerial_formation/mf090.pdf MINISTERIAL FORMATION].'' JULY 2000 - No. 90. Page 37. (.pdf)</ref> he also established chapters in England, Canada, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, the US Virgin Islands, Guyana, St Kitts and Bermuda.<ref name="YAHOO-OSERVER"/> In particular he is credited with introducing Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity to Rastafarians throughout the Caribbean region, baptising an estimated 45,000 of them into the church.<ref name="BERMUDA"/> According to Norman Hugh Redington, editor of the [http://www.voskrese.info/spl/index.html St. Pachomius Library], many people would add that Abuna Yesehaq was an "Apostle to the Caribbean."<ref name="NORMAN3"/>
In particular he is credited with introducing ==As Author==* Archbishop Yesehaq. ''[http://www.amazon.ca/The-Ethiopian-Tewahedo-Church-Integrally/dp/1555237398/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1335227916&sr=1-1 The Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity to Rastafarians throughout the Caribbean regionTewahedo Church: An Integrally African Church].'' J.C. Winston Pub. Co., baptising an estimated 45,000 of them into the church1997. 244 pp.<ref name="BERMUDA"/>ISBN 9781555237394
==See also==
* Wolfgang Saxon. ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/08/nyregion/08yesehaq.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Abuna Yesehaq Mandefro, Ethiopian Archbishop, 72, Dies].'' NY Times (Obituary). January 8, 2006.
* Norman Hugh Redington. ''[http://www.voskrese.info/spl/Xyesehaq.html Archbishop Isaac Mandefro].'' The Saint Pachomius Library. Retrieved: 2012-04-22.
* Norman Hugh Redington. ''[http://www.thirdfield.com/new/religion.html The Rastafari Religion].'' 12 May 1995 16:39:36 GMT.
* Emahoy Hannah Mariam. ''[http://www.ethiopianorthodoxchurch.info/about.html Ethiopian Orthodox Church Info].'' Retrieved: 2012-04-23.
* ''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4658 Abuna Yesehaq to be buried in Jamaica].'' Jamaica Observer. January 7, 2006. (Yahoo Orthodox News).
* ''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4837 Juliet makes sad pilgrimage for long-time friend's service].'' The Royal Gazette (Bermuda). Feb 10, 2006. (Yahoo Orthodox News).
* Barry Chevannes. ''"The Apotheosis of Rastafari Heroes."'' In: John W. Pulis. '''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=ItXJRwEhzXAC&dq=inauthor:%22John+W.+Pulis%22&hl=en Religion, Diaspora and Cultural Identity: A Reader in the Anglophone Caribbean].''' Volume 14 of Library of Anthropology. Gordon and Breach, 1999. p.345.
* ''[http://www.abbayesehaq.com/ Abba Yesehaq.com].'' The official web-site of His Eminence Abuna Yesehaq.
* ''[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXiPllReCBI Bob Marleys conversion into the Orthodox church - Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq].'' YouTube. (Interview of Archbishop Yesehaq by Ian Boyne of 'Profile', Television Jamaica).
[[Category:Oriental Orthodox]]
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