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'''Old Calendarists''' are small separatist communities formed in Greece, Romania, Cyprus, Bulgaria and elsewhere after Orthodox Christians who oppose the adoption use of the Revised Julian liturgical calendar (which is essentially a calendar with similarities to the Gregorian calendar , combined with the Orthodox Paschalion) in the early 20th centuryto the extent of breaking or limiting Communion with those Orthodox who use the Revised Julian calendar. Citing the 16th -century anathemas against the Gregorian calendar issued by three endemousa (or "Patriarchal") synods and Pan-Orthodox Synods in Constantinople, as well as various condemnations by multiple local synods, they have become some of the most vocal critics not only of the new liturgical calendar, but of [[ecumenism]] in general, which is seen as the ultimate cause of the calendar revision.
In 1920, the Patriarchal Locum Tenens, Dorotheus of Prusa, issued the Encyclical "Unto the Churches of Christ Everywhere"<ref>[http://incommunion.org/?p=142]</ref>, which officially marked the entrance of Orthodox participation in the Ecumenical Movement. (See [[Ecumenism]].) The Encyclical, tied to the formation of the League of Nations and with that end in mind, gave eleven suggestions so "''that above all, love should be rekindled and strengthened among the churches, so that they should no more consider one another as strangers and foreigners, but as relatives, and as being a part of the household of Christ and “fellow heirs, members of the same body and partakers of the promise of God in Christ” (Eph. 3:6).''" (par. 6.) The first of the suggestions was "''By the acceptance of a uniform calendar for the celebration of the great Christian feasts at the same time by all the churches.''"
In 1921, a council was called in Athens, led by Metropolitan [[Germanos of Demetrias]], the Vice-President of the Holy Synod, deposing Archbishop [[Meletios_IV_(Metaxakis)_of_Constantinople|Meletios (Metaxakis)]] of Athens, who had previously known for ecumenical activity, for recognizing the revolutionary Venizelos government in Greece. Meletios was recognized as Patriarch of Constantinople on November 21, 1921, where he began his programs anew, though previously his candidacy was declined by the Holy Synod of Constantinople in 1912.
In 1923, a "Pan-Orthodox Congress" (not a normal term for any Orthodox meeting of hierarchs) was held under the presidency of Meletios composed of members, specifically six Bishops, two laymen, and an archimandrite, of a few of the local Churches (none of the members of the Pentarchy save Constantinople sent representatives). [[Anastasy (Gribanovsky) of Kishinev|Metropolitan Anastassy]] of the Russian Church Abroad attended its initial meeting, having been in the area. He declared that the Synod had given him no instructions on the matter and soon departed. In total, less than half of the local Churches were represented by anyone.<ref>http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/photii_2.aspx Bishop Photii of Triaditsa, "The 70th Anniversary of the Pan-Orthodox Congress", Orthodox Life, 1&2, 1994</ref> The purpose of the meeting was to implement the suggestions of the 1920 document, along with other proposals that were largely rejected, such as the elevation of married men to the Episcopate and the remarriage of widowed priests (sessions three and four). Representatives of the Anglican Church were present at the final meetings, specifically former Bishop Gore of Oxford. At these meetings, it was decided that nothing stood in the way of Orthodox-Anglican ecclesiastical union. In response, a five-member commission in Greece (of whom then Archimandrite, later Archbishop, Chrysostom Papadopolous of Athens) determined to study the question of the use of the New Calendar and found that "''Not a single one of them [local Orthodox Churches] can separate from the others and adopt the New Calendar without becoming schismatic in relation to the others.''"<ref>''Journal of the Government of the Greek Kingdom'', chapter 1, 24/25. 1. 1923, No. 8, see also ''OEM'', 1989, Chapter 17, p. 73, as noted in [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/photii_2.aspx]</ref>
==History==In response to various currents within Protestantism to In 1920, the Patriarchal Locum Tenens, Dorotheus of Prusa, issued the Encyclical "Unto the Churches of Christ Everywhere"[http://incommunion.org/?p=142], which officially marked the entrance of Orthodox participation in the Ecumenical Movement. (See [[Ecumenism]].) The Encyclical, tied to the formation of the League of Nations and with that end in mind, gave eleven suggestions so "''that above all, love should be rekindled and strengthened among the churches, so that they should no more consider one another as strangers and foreigners, but as relatives, and as being a part of the household of Christ and “fellow heirs, members of the same body and partakers of the promise of God in Christ” (Eph. 3:6).''" (par. 6.) The first of the suggestions was "''By the acceptance of a uniform calendar for the celebration of the great Christian feasts at the same time by all the churches.''" In 1921, a council was called in Athens, led by Metropolitan [[Germanos of Demetrias]], the Vice-President of the Holy Synod, deposing Archbishop [[Meletios_IV_(Metaxakis)_of_Constantinople|Meletios (Metaxakis)]] of Athens, who had previously known for ecumenical activity, for recognizing the revolutionary Venizelos government in Greece[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Meletios_IV_(Metaxakis)_of_Constantinople#Archbishop_of_Athens]. In a bizzare twist, Meletios was recognized as Patriarch of Constantinople on November 21, 1921, where he began his programs anew, though previously his candidacy was declined by the Holy Synod of Constantinople in 1912. In 1923, a "Pan-Orthodox Congress" was held under the presidency of Meletios which comprised members-- six Bishops, two laymen, and an archimandrite-- of a few of the local Churches (none of the members of the Pentarchy save Constantinople sent representatives). [[Anastasy (Gribanovsky) of Kishinev|Metropolitan Anastassy]] of the Russian Church Abroad attended its initial meeting, having been in the area, declared that the Synod had given him no instructions on the matter, and soon departed. In total, less than half of the local Churches were represented by so much as a layman. (see [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/photii_2.aspx Bishop Photii of Triaditsa, "The 70th Anniversary of the Pan-Orthodox Congress", Orthodox Life, 1&2, 1994]). The purpose of the meeting was to implement the suggestions of the 1920 document, along with other uncanonical changes which were largely rejected, such as the elevation of married men to the Episcopate and the remarriage of widowed priests (sessions three and four). Finally, the Anglicans were present at the final meetings in the person of former Bishop Gore of Oxford, where it was decided that nothing stood in the way of reunion. In response, a five-member commission in Greece (of whom then Archimandrite-- and later Archbishop-- Chrysostom Papadopolous of Athens) determined to study the question of the use of the New Calendar and determined "''Not a single one of them [local Orthodox Churches] can separate from the others and adopt the New Calendar without becoming schismatic in relation to the others.''" (''Journal of the Government of the Greek Kingdom'', chapter 1, 24/25. 1. 1923, No. 8, see also ''OEM'', 1989, Chapter 17, p. 73, as noted in [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/photii_2.aspx Bishop Photii].) ===Greece===
====The True Orthodox Church of Greece====
[[Image:1925cr1.jpg|thumb|110px|An artist's rendering of the appearance of the Sign of the Cross near Athens, 1925]]
In 1924, the [[bishop]]s of the [[Church of Greece]], under Archbishop Chrysostom (PapadopolousPapadopoulos), implemented the calendar change discussed at the pan"Pan-Orthodox congress Congress" of 1923. In response, Metropolitan [[Germanos of Demetrias]], retired in protest. The "Old Calendarist" movement arose to oppose the adoption of the Revised Julian calendar. The movement was sustained by Athonite monks that encouraged the rejection of the calendar change, hundreds of parish clergy that refused to recognize the calendar change, as well as dozens of monasteries throughout Greece. Lay groups and [[brotherhoods]] formed to keep the use of the [[Julian calendar]] alive, despite state persecution (Greece was an Orthodox country, and the Church enjoyed certain privileges from the state).
In 1925, perhaps the most well-known phenomenon in the Old Calendar movement occurred: a large cross over an secret Old Calendar Church in 1925 during the feast of the exaltation of the Holy Cross, witnessed by approximately two thousand people, including police intent on arresting the clergy of the group, many of whom converted that night.<ref>[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/cross-in-athens.html]</ref>
In 1935, after more than 10 years, three Metropolitans, Germanos of Demetrias, the former Metropolitan of Florina, Chrysostom (Kavouridis) and Chrysostomos (Demetriou) of Zakynthos declared the Archbishop of Athens as schismatic and declared:
''"Those who now administer the Church of Greece have divided the unity of Orthodoxy through the calendar innovation, and have split the Greek Orthodox People into two opposing calendar parts. They have not only violated an Ecclesiastical Tradition which was consecrated by the Seven Ecumenical Councils and sanctioned by the age-old practice of the Eastern Orthodox Church, but have also touched the Dogma of the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. Therefore those who now administer the Greek Church have, by their unilateral, anticanonical and unthinking introduction of the Gregorian calendar, cut themselves off completely from the trunk of Orthodoxy, and have declared themselves to be in essence schismatics in relation to the Orthodox Churches which stand on the foundation of the Seven Ecumenical Councils and the Orthodox laws and Traditions, the Churches of Jerusalem, Antioch, Serbia, Poland, the Holy Mountain and the God-trodden Mountain of Sinai, etc....That this is so was confirmed by the Commission made up of the best jurists and theologian-professors of the National University which was appointed to study the calendar question, and one of whose members happened to be his Blessedness the Archbishop of Athens in his then capacity as professor of Church History in the National University...Since his Beatitude the Archbishop of Athens has by his own signature declared himself to be a Schismatic, what need do we have of witnesses to demonstrate that he and the hierarchs who think like him have become Schismatics, in that they have split the unity of Orthodoxy through the calendar innovation and divided the Ecclesiastical and ethnic soul of the Greek Orthodox People?"'' (<ref>[http://www.orthodoxchristianbooks.com/downloads/92_NEW_ZION_IN_BABYLON_PART_3.pdf ] Cited in Moss, ''New Zion in Babylon'', Part 3, p. 92])</ref>
From April 23rd to April 26th 1935 the ordination of four new bishops took place. Ordained were the Archmandrites: Germanos (Barikopoulos) as Bishop of Kyklades, Christoforos (Hatzis) as Bishop of Megaris, Polycarp (Liosis) as Bishop of Diavleia, and Bishop Matthew (Karpathakes) of Bresthena).<ref>[http://www.hotca.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71:the-change-in-the-calendar-of-the-church-of-greece&catid=23:goc-history&Itemid=71]</ref>
====The Florinite/Matthewite schism====
By the 1940s, two parties had formed within the Church of Greece: the [[Florinites]] (under Metropolitan [[Chrysostom (Kavourides) of Florina]]) and the [[Matthewites]] (under Bp. [[Matthew (Karpathakis) of Bresthena]]). The schism originated in Metropolitan Chrysostom's hesitation to consider the mysteries of the State Church as graceless, whereas the adherents of Bishop Matthew (the "Matthewites") maintained the rigorist position: that State Church was schismatic and therefore graceless.
In 1948, Bishop Matthew singlehandedly consecrated another bishop, and together they made more new bishops, furthering the rift and causing many former Matthewite clergy to join ranks with the Florintes. After the death of Bishop Matthew, however, Chrysostom of Florina reaffirmed the decision of 1935 declaring the New Calendar State Church as [[schism]]atic. The declaration had two basic motivations: to stop any growth among the Matthewites and as its motivation to heal the Matthewite schism. Nonetheless, the irenic gesture went unheeded and the Matthewites proceeded to elect Archbishop Agathagelos to the rank of Primate of Athens in 1958. '''''The Florinites'''''
'''The Auxentios Synod''': The First Florinite Synod of the True Orthodox Church of Greece was fraught with problems by the 1970s, and two major separations occurred during the lifetime of Archbishop Auxentios. However, few doubt that Archbishop Auxentios himself was of a saintly character, albeit a poor bishop. Recently there have been attempts to rehabilitate his memory (Archbishop Auxentios died removed in 1994); most of his synod, barely held together by the 1980s, dissolved after his death into the three jurisdictions listed below. In 1986, Auxentios was removed from the Archdiocese of Athens and the leadership of the Old Calendar Church of Greece by a majority the Florinite bishops Synod on account of a series of controversial episcopal ordinations conducted in the early 1980s with his apparent consent. Having the support of the dissenting minority of bishops, Auxentios proceeded to re-form his a counter Synod. He died in 1994, having failed to reconcile with the Florinite Synod of under Archbishop Chrysostom. The remaining parishes of the Auxentios Synod, however, elected Archbishop Maximos of Kephalonia as president in 1995. However, after a series of questionable ordinations and maladministration by Archbishop Maximos, the Auxentios Synod dissolved in the mid 1990's. In 2006, clergy and a bishop (Metropolitan Athanasios of Larissa) from the Auxentios Synod reconciled themselves with the main body of the Old Calendar Church in Greece and were admitted into the Synod of Archbishop Chrysostom. In North America, the parishes loyal to Auxentios under the American Bishops organized around Holy Transfiguration Monastery in Boston (HOCNA), left the Synod, and elected Makarios of Toronto as locum tenens of the see of Athens. Since 2008, HOCNA has been in a cordial dialogue with the Synod of Archbishop Chrysostom in hope of establishing closer ties.
'''The [[Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece (Florinite)Holy Synod in Resistance|The Synod -in-Resistance]] of Archbishop Chrysostom Metropolitan Cyprian of Athens]]Fili''': Amidst charges The Synod in Resistance has its origins in the short-lived Kallistite Synod of maladministration1979-1985. While its official [[ecclesiology]] is peculiar, the majority amount of work that Metropolitan Cyprian of the Florinite Fili and his synod chose in 1986 a new leader in Archbishop Chrysostom (Kiousis), who demonstrated rather effectively that have done to assist the True Orthodox in Church of Greece were a force to throughout the world is impressive, and must be reckoned withnoted. Choosing to take on the Greek legal systemThe church itself is rather small, court cases were held where it was demonstrated that but has been very effective in presenting intellectual arguments against the Old Calendarists Church of Greece were not schismatics. Though their public reputation had been tarnished over nearly two decades It is headed by another defector from the Auxentios Synod, Cyprian (Koutsoumbas) of divisionsFili, their legal existence wasand holds an ecclesiology of “sick" and “healthy" churches, and thus avoiding the repercussions that inevitably follow referring to the majority as subject to a schismatic body. Their ecclesiology is presentlyconsidered heretical by some of the more rigorist elements of the True Orthodox, safe. The synod although they were condemned on an ecclesiological basis by the Synod of Archbishop Chrysostom of Athens is today in 1986. In 2008, the Synod in Resistance and the largest synod Synod of Archbishop Chrysostom met for a number of high-profile meetings in the True Orthodox Church hope of Greecedeveloping closer ties.<ref>[http://www.synodinresistance.org/Administration_en/E1a4028AnakoinosisDialogoy2-08.pdf]</ref>
'''The [[Holy Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece (Lamian Synod in Resistance)|The Makarian (Lamian) Synod-in-Resistance]] of Metropolitan Cyprian of Fili''': While this church's official [[ecclesiology]] is peculiarIn 1995, a resistance faction of six bishops formed within the amount synod of work that Metropolitan Cyprian of Fili Chrysostom (Kiousis) and his synod have done separated itself over what they claimed to assist True Orthodox throughout the world is impressivebe a series of canonical infractions, and must be notedheaded by Metropolitan Kallinikos (Hatzis) of Lamia. The church itself is rather smallcharges related to the trial of Metropolitan of Thessaloniki Euthymios (Orphanos), but has who had been very effective in presenting intellectual arguments against charged with moral infractions, and the New Calendar State Churchelection of Bishop Vikentios (Malamatenios) of Avlona as Metropolitan of Peiraeus. It is headed by another defector from By early 1997, the Auxentios Synodmovement had fragmented into three groups, Cyprian one of which reconciled with Archbishop Chrysostom (KoutsoumbasKiousis) . A second group, Paisios Loulourgas (Met. of Fili, America) and holds an ecclesiology Vikentios Malamatenios (titular Bp. of “sick" and “healthy" churchesAvlona), thus avoiding submitted to the repercussions Ecumenical Patiarchate. Later that inevitably follow referring same year, Kallinikos of Lamia and Euthymios of Thessaloniki proceeded to the majority as subject ordain five [[bishop|titular bishop]]s in an attempt to create a schismatic bodynew synod. Their ecclesiology is considered heretical by some of the more rigorist elements of the True OrthodoxIn 2003, although they were only officially condemned on an ecclesiological basis by the Synod under Archbishop Chrysostom finally decided to elect a primate, and elected Makarios (Kavakides) of Athens. In 2008 A good deal of their membership was then lost, as many who did not see themselves as separate from the Synod in Resistance and the Synod of Archbishop Chrysostom met for a number of high-profile meetings in Kiousis synod were forced to decide between the hope of developing closer tiestwo.[http://www.synodinresistance.org/Administration_en/E1a4028AnakoinosisDialogoy2-08.pdf]
'''[[Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece (Lamian Synod)|''The Makarian Synod (Lamian Synod)]]Matthewites''''': In 1995, a resistance faction of six bishops formed within the synod of Chrysostom (Kiousis) and separated itself over what they claimed to be a series of canonical infractions, headed by Metropolitan Kallinikos of Lamia. The charges related to the trial of Metropolitan of Thessaloniki Euthymios (Orphanos), who had been charged with moral infractions, and the election of Bishop Vikentios (Malamatenios) of Avlona as Metropolitan of Peiraeus. By early 1997, the bishops headed by Kallinikos of Lamia had fragmented into three groups, one of which reconciled with Archbishop Chrysostom (Kiousis). A second group, Paisios Loulourgas (Met. of America) and Vikentios Malamatenios (titular Bp. of Avlona), submitted to the Ecumenical Patiarchate. Later that same year, Kallinikos of Lamia and Euthymios of Thessaloniki proceeded to ordain five [[bishop|titular bishop]]s in an attempt to create a new synod. In 2003, they finally decided to elect a primate, and elected Makarios (Kavakides) of Athens. A good deal of their membership was then lost, as many who did not see themselves as separate from the Kiousis synod were forced to decide between the two.
'''[[True Orthodox Church of Greece (Matthewite)|The Synod of Archbishop Nicholas]]''': In February, 2003, Archbishop Andreas of Athens retired, and Archbishop Nicholas of Athens, considered by many to have a progressive vision for the Matthewite church, was elected. Extremely popular with younger Matthewites, Archbishop Nicholas seems generally poised to keep the Matthewite synod united. However, it has been advanced that Archbishop Andreas retired in violation of the canons.
'''[[Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece (Matthewite)|The Gregorian Synod]]''': Under the primacy of Andreas of Athens, there were virtually no divisions in the Matthewites until 1995, when Metropolitan Gregory of Messinia separated with a small majority of the synod (five versus four), ostensibly over the issue of the "God the Father" [[icon]] and the related issues of Western-style icons in general. However, with the deaths of three of their bishops, the remaining two split, one remaining completely alone from the eldest hierarch, and the with Gregorios of Messinia naming three more bishops (Abramios, Pavlos, and Nectarios).
'''[[Genuine Orthodox Church (Matthewite)|The Synod of Metropolitan Kirykos]]''': Originally not a schism proper, Metropolitan Kirykos and two other bishops of the synod refused to recognize the retirement of Archbishop Andreas or the enthronement of the new Archbishop, but continued to remain a member of the Synod of Archbishop Nicholas. Finally, in 2005, after several attempts, the Synod of Abp Nicholas endeavored to depose Metropolitan Kirykos, who has since added five Bishops to his Synod in a number of countries.<ref>[http://genuineorthodoxchurch.com/ The Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece under the Omophorion of Metropolitan Kirykos of Mesogaias and Lavreotikis].</ref>
==Romania======[[Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Romania|The True Orthodox Church of Romania]]====
In 1924, Metropolitan Miron of the Church of Romania introduced the New Calendar for use in the Church. Although most Romanians accepted the change, the skete of the Protection of the Theotokos in northern Moldavia rejected it. In 1925, led by Hieromonk Glicherie, some of the brethren left the skete to start an Old Calendarist group. When, in 1926 and 1929, Metropolitan Miron ordered Pascha to be celebrated according to the Gregorian Paschalion, a large number of faithful, including Russian émigrés, left the Church of Romania and joined the Old Calendarists. By 1936, the Old Calendarists numbered about 40 parishes. Beginning in 1935, at the order of Metropolitan Miron, the Old Calendarists were under persecution. By 1940, ten Old Calendarist priests had died in prison, and all of the Old Calendar churches had been shut down. Hieromonk Glicherie was imprisoned, but, at the beginning of World War II, released. By 1950, with the release of Hmk Glicherie and other priests from prison, many of the churches were rebuilt. In 1955, Metropolitan Galaktion left the Church of Romania to serve the Old Calendarists, and immediately ordained new priests and deacons. However, he was soon arrested, and placed under house arrest in Bucharest. While under house arrest, Metropolitan Galaktion consecrated three other bishops, including Hmk Glicherie, who, in 1957, became the Metropolitan of the True Orthodox Church of Romania. Since 1980, the Synod has been in full communion with the Synod of the True Orthodox Church of Greece presided by Metropolitan Kallistos of Corinth, then with the Holy Synod in Resistance presided by Metropolitan Cyprian of Fili. The Synod also maintains communion with the Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Bulgaria, headed by Bishop Photii. From 1994 to 2007 there was full communion with the Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia (ROCOR), but with the rapprochement between the ROCOR and the Moscow Patriarchate, communion with the ROCOR was severed.
The majority of the faithful are in communion with the Synod in Resistance (see "Metropolitan Cyprian of Fili" above) and the Romanian Old Calendar Orthodox Church, but are an autonomous Church - The Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Bulgaria - and comprise a few dozen parishes under Bishop Photii of Triaditsa.
===Churches "in resistance" or "walled off"===
These churches refrain from [[concelebration]] with the mainstream Orthodox churches, but do not consider themselves schismatic, nor have they formally declared the mainstream churches without grace. In general, they set up alternative hierarchies that use the names of sees that are not used by the state Church in question<ref>[http://www.synodinresistance.org/Theology_en/Resistance.html]</ref>.
It is said that they would also communicate the faithful of those churches after confession. A notable exception is the Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Romania, who receive members of the New Calendar Churches by Chrismation.
===Greece===
*[[Florinites]]
**[[Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece (Florinite)]] ("Chrysostomite | Synod"), under of Archbishop Chrysostom Kallinikos of Athens]]**[[Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece (| Makarian/Lamian Synod)]], under Archbishop Makarios of Athens** [[Holy Synod in Resistance]] ("Cyprianites"| Cyprianite Synod), a [[Florinites|Florinite]] church ''([http://orthodoxwiki.org/Old_Calendarists#Churches_.22in_resistance.22_or_.22walled_off.22 In Resistance-- see above])
''
*[[Matthewites]]
**[[True Orthodox Church of Greece (Matthewite)| Synod of Archbishop Nicholas]], under Archbishop Nicholas of Athens**[[Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece (Matthewite)]], under | Synod of Metropolitan Gregory of Messinia]]
===Romania===
===Bulgaria===
===Western Europe===* [[Holy Synod of Milan]] (Unclear whether "In Resistance" or not) ===North America=== These are divisions and the dioceses of larger Synods in other continents. North America:*[[Genuine Greek Orthodox Church of America]], under Metropolitan Pavlos Diocese of Astoria, the "Chrysostomite" Metropolitan Diocese for America*[http://milansynodusa.org American Archdioceses] of the [[Holy (Synod of Milan]] Archbishop Chrysostom)
*[http://ctosonline.org The Center For Traditionalist Orthodox Studies:] Spiritual and monastic center for the Synod in Resistance in the U.S.
*[http://www.orthodox-christianity.net/ Matthewite Parishes in America under Abp Nicholas of Athens]
===Groups claiming "Autonomous" status within America===
These are bodies which claimed independence from their parent churches.
*[[Genuine Orthodox Church of America]], under Archbishop Gregory of Denver
==References==<references/>
==Sources==
*[http://www.geocitiesorthodoxchristianbooks.com/joesuaidendownloads/trueorthodox/trueorthodoxchurch234_NEW_ZION_IN_BABYLON_PART_2.html The True pdf| Vladimir Moss, ''New Zion in Babylon: A History of the Orthodox Churchthroughout the World in the Twentieth Century'' (2010), Part II]*[http://www.orthodoxchristianbooks.com/downloads/217_NEW_ZION_IN_BABYLON_PART_3.pdf| Vladimir Moss, ''New Zion in Babylon: A Brief Overview] History of the Orthodox Church throughout the World in the Twentieth Century'' (major portions of text used by permission2010), Part III]
==External links==
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/orthodox-tradition/ Paradosis: The Original Internet E-mail Forum for Traditionalists]
* [http://www.euphrosynoscafe.com/ The Euphrosynos Café: A Portal and Forum for all Old Calendar Orthodox Churches]
**[http://euphrosynoscafe.com/map/ Map of some Old Calendarist parishes in the West]
* {{el icon}} [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens]]. ''"[http://www.myriobiblos.gr/books/book1/kef5_per2_meros2.htm ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ ΠΕΜΠΤΟΝ. - ΙΙ. ΠΕΡΙΟΔΟΣ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΑ 1935-1947: Η ανταρσία των τριών Μητροπολιτών και αι μακροπρόθεσμοι συνέπειαι αυτής]."'' In: ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΝΟΝΙΚΗ ΘΕΩΡΗΣΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΛΑΙΟΗΜΕΡΟΛΟΓΙΤΙΚΟΥ ΖΗΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΕ ΤΗΝ ΓΕΝΕΣΙΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΞΕΛΙΞΙΝ ΑΥΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ. Myriobiblos.gr. Retrieved: 2013-08-14.
::(Discussion of the three bishops who in 1935 declared their separation from the official Church of Greece: Metr. Germanos (Mavrommatis) of Demetrias (1907–1935); Metr. Chrysostom (Kavourides) of Florina (1926–1932), a retired bishop; and Metr. [[Chrysostomos of Zakynthos|Chrysostomos (Demetriou) of Zakynthos]])
===Relevant Articles===
*[http://www.hotca.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=203%3Athe-calendar-question&catid=50%3Aorthodox-awareness&Itemid=62| Fr. Basil Sakkas, ''The Calendar Question''.]
*[http://www.synodinresistance.org/Theology_en/E3a3a001EkklesiologikaiTheseis.pdf An Ecclesiological Position Paper for Orthodox Opposed to the Panheresy of Ecumenism], by Metropolitan Cyprian of Oropos and Phyle
*[http://bulgarian-orthodox-church.org/ch-life/official/EcclesiologicalPosition-en.pdf The Ecclesiological Position of the Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Bulgaria], by Bishop Photii of Triaditsa
*[http://www.hotca.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78%3Athe-problem-of-conservative-new-calendarism&catid=50%3Aorthodox-awareness&Itemid=62| Fr. Maximos Marretta, The Problem of Conservative New Calendarism".]
*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/eldergabriel_calendar.aspx Abbot Gabriel of Dionysiou Monastery on Mount Athos, Greece], on the calendar issue and the Old Calendarists
*[http://orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/anti-patristic-stance-old-calendarist-zealots.aspx| Anti-Patristic: The Stance of the Zealot Old Calendarists] by Monk Basil of the Holy Monastery of Saint Gregory (Grigoriou), Mount Athos]
*Old Calendarist Responses to the above link:
**[http://www.hotca.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=236%3Awhy-the-true-orthodox-are-truly-orthodox&catid=50%3Aorthodox-awareness&Itemid=62| Fr. Maximos Marretta, A Rejoinder to Fr. Basil Gregoriates and an Apology for Breaking Communion with Ecumenist Bishops.]
**[http://www.synodinresistance.org/Annals_en/E2d029barnes.pdf | Hieromonk Patapios, The Deficient Scholarship of Monk Basil’s Comments on the Allegedly Anti-Patristic Stand of the So-Called Old Calendarist Zealots]
===JurisdictionsOfficial Websites===* [http://www.rpac.ru// Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church]* [http://www.roacusa.org/ Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church in America]* [http://www.ecclesiagoc.gr/ Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece], official | Official website of Chrysostomite the Synodof Archbishop Chrysostom of Athens]** [http://www.hotcasynodinresistance.org/ Genuine Greek Orthodox Church of America], diocesan Official website of the Metropolis of America (Chrysostomite) * [http://www.ortodoxakyrkan.se/ Swedish Exarchate of the Holy Synod in Resistance]
[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category: Schisms]]
[[Category:Old Calendarist Jurisdictions|*]]
[[fr:Orthodoxes vieux-calendaristes]]
