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The term '''''Roman Catholic Church''''' refers to those churches Churches (including the [[Uniate|UniaEastern Catholic Churches]] and other non-Latin rite churches) in communion with the [[Bishop ]] of Rome, the [[Pope]]. It also can refer specifically to the bishops under the pope's direct jurisdictionarose in Western Europe, ieparts of Eastern Europe, and parts of the Latin rite. Historically, Middle East (particularly in the [[Church of Rome]] was one area of modern day Lebanon) after the [[Pentarchy]] and enjoyed communion with the [[Orthodox Church]]Great Schism in 1054 A.D. In [[1054]] a [[Great Schism|schism]] between Rome and the other patriarchal sees resulted from widening differences between Orthodoxy the Eastern and Roman CatholicismWestern Churches. The cause of the schism was initially a dispute over papal authority and the soundness of theology surrounding the term ''[[filioque]]'', a word which was added interpolated by the pope Western Church to the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|Creed]] for use in its own liturgy without the consent of the Eastern bishops and contrary to the decision of the First Council of Epheseus (431). Nevertheless, the effects of the schism were not immediately felt everywhere, and it was only over time that the current complete lack of communion between the Eastern Orthodox [[bishops]]Churches and Catholic Church became widespread.
Today, the main differences between the [[Orthodox Church]] and the Roman Catholic Church continue to be the inclusion of ''[[filioque]]'' in the Creed and the scope of papal authority. Consequent to papal authority, however, the Roman Catholic Church has made pronouncements of [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|Creeddoctrine]] since the Great Schism (and its concomitant theology of double-procession — that such as [[Purgatory]], the Spirit proceeds from the Father ''[[Immaculate Conception]], original sin and the Son''papal infallibility) and , which are not sanctioned by the scope bishops of papal authoritythe Eastern Orthodox Churches. However These pronouncements, most Orthodox also believe that there is a distinct difference in spirit and attitudethe theological understanding behind them, which is expressed in present another obstacle to the manner unity of doing theology as well as concrete differences in pastoral carethe Catholic and Orthodox Churches.
Furthermore, most Orthodox also believe that there has developed a distinct difference in the therapeutic method (Nafpatkos, <i>Illness and Cure of the Soul in the Orthodox Tradition</i>). This difference is rooted in fundamentally different diagnoses of the human condition, including original sin, the fall, human nature, and finally the cure of the soul, which is sanctification or [[theosis]].
Efforts however have been made by the Pope and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, amongst other Orthodox bishops, to restore unity, including a visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in 2006.
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==History==
==Polemics==---> ==See also==* For the pre-Schism Orthodox Church of Rome, see [[Church of Rome]].* [[Maronite Catholic Church]]* [[Melkite Greek Church]]
==Sources==
==External links==
* Official website of the [http://www.vatican.va Vatican]
* [http://www.zenit.org Zenit - The World Seen from Rome] - An excellent source of news and reflection for worlds events from a Roman Catholic perspective.
* [http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Leo13/l13praec.htm PRAECLARA GRATULATIONIS PUBLICAE] THE REUNION OF CHRISTENDOM Encyclical Letter of Pope Leo XIII June 20, 1894
* Dr. [[w:Anthony Kenny|Anthony Kenny]]. ''[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article5843760.ece Follies of Roman Catholicism: How the Catholic Church failed to save itself from the Reformation].'' '''TIMESONLINE.''' (From The Times Literary Supplement), March 4, 2009.
===Orthodox Christians on Roman Catholicism===
*[http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles6/HopkoPope.php Roman Presidency and Christian Unity in our Time] by Fr. [[Thomas Hopko]]
*[http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/milton1_index.html A Survey of the Relations between the Byzantine and the Roman Churches.] – (Milton V. Anastos ) Myriobiblos Library, [[Church of Greece]]
*[http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/roman_church.htm The Schism of the Roman Church] – (Jοhn Ν. Karmiris) Myriobiblos Library, Church of Greece
*[http://www.oca.org/Docs.asp?ID=186&SID=12 Primacy theme of Catholic-Orthodox dialogue] - V Rev. [[Leonid Kishkovsky]]
[[ar:كنيسة الروم الكاثوليكي]][[es:Iglesia Católica Apostólica Romana]][[Categoryro:NonBiserica Romano-OrthodoxCatolică]]
