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{{stub}}The '''Typikon''' (Greek: τυπικόν/''typikon'', pl. τυπικά/''typika'', lit. "following the order"; Slavonic: ѹставъ/''ustav'') is the a book of directives and [[rubrics]] that establishes in the Orthodox Christian Church the order of divine services for each day of the year. It assumes the existence of liturgical books that contain the fixed and variable parts of these services. In [[monasterymonastic]] usage, the Typikon typikon of the monastery includes both the rule of life of the community as well as and the rule of prayer.

The liturgical books presently used by the Orthodox Church have originated either in monasteries or have been greatly influenced by monastic practices. The services There are a number of the daily cycle of worship used today in the Orthodox East reflects monastic usages and major typikon traditions; especially those of the two monastic centers that produced and developed them, i.e.but there are also many local variations, the [[Holy Lavra of St. Savas (Jerusalem)|Holy Lavra of St. Savas of Jerusalem]] and the Monastery of Studios in Constantinopleoften codified into an official typikon.

The liturgical tradition originating with ''The Tipikon ==Origin of St. Savas'' produced by the [[Lavra]] in its initial stages was influenced by the customs and practices Typikon of the monastic communities in the Near East, Egypt, Palestine, and Asia Minor. Under [[St. Theodore]] the Studios Monastery in Constantinople became the center of monastic revival Savas and reform in the imperial city. During the times of the iconoclastic controversy the Palestinian monastic Typikon came to the Constantinople monasteries. In the Studios Monastery a synthesis occurred as elements of the [[Cathedral Office]] of Constantinople were added to the Palestinian Typikon. In time this Studite synthesis was further modified by Palestinian monks to produce a revised Typikon of St. Savas that remained in general use until the nineteenth century.==

The difficulty liturgical books presently used by the Orthodox Church have originated either in monasteries or have been greatly influenced by monastic practices. The services of using a monastic Typikon at the [[parish]] level came to head as daily cycle of worship used today in the nineteenth century began as abbreviations Orthodox East reflect monastic usages and omissions traditions, especially those of the services became widespread. Thustwo monastic centers that produced and developed them, the [[Ecumenical Patriarch]] authorized the revision Holy Lavra of the Typikon for parish useSt. This revision became known as ''Ecclesiastical Typikon according to the Style Savas (Jerusalem)|Holy Lavra of the Great Church St. Savas of Christ'' Jerusalem]] and was published in 1838. This revision was further revised in the ''Typikon Monastery of the Great Church of Christ'', published Studion in 1888Constantinople.

To meet the needs The liturgical tradition originating with ''The Typikon of the Slavic world translations for a Slavic Typikon originated as soon as missions to the Slavic world beganSt. With Savas'' — produced by the revisions originating [[Lavra]] in its initial stages — was influenced by the Mediterranean world coupled with customs and practices of the Mongol invasions monastic communities in the Slavic Typikon lost synchronismNear East, Egypt, Palestine, and Asia Minor. Under St. This was recognized by the [[Church of RussiaTheodore the Studite|Theodore]] , the Studion Monastery in Constantinople became the seventeenth centurycenter of monastic revival and reform in the imperial city. It was this revision effort During the times of the Slavic Typikon that resulted in iconoclastic controversy, the Palestinian monastic typikon came to the Constantinople monasteries. In the [[RoskolnikStudion Monastery]] (, a synthesis occurred as elements of the [[Old BelieverCathedral Office]]) controversies under Tsar Alexis and Patof Constantinople were added to the Palestinian typikon. In time, this Studite synthesis was further modified by Palestinian monks to produce a revised Typikon of St. NikonSavas that remained in general use until the nineteenth century.

==NoteThe Typikon of the Great Church==The Greek Archdiocese difficulty of using a monastic typikon at the [[parish]] level came to a head as the nineteenth century began, and abbreviations and omissions of the services became widespread. Accordingly, the [[Ecumenical Patriarch]] authorized the revision of the typikon for parish use. This revision became known as ''Ecclesiastical Typikon according to the Style of the Great Church of Christ'', and was published in 1838. This revision was further revised by Protopsaltis George Violakes in the ''Typikon of the Great Church of Christ'', published in 1888.<ref>''The Festal Menaion'' (Tr. Mother Mary and Archimandrite [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos Ware]], Faber and Faber, London, 1984), p. 543.</ref> Bishop Kallistos notes: :"Violakis made extensive and often ill-advised changes, especially in the order of the service for [[Matins]] on Sunday: for example, the [[katavasia|katavasiai]] are appointed to be sung all together at the end of [[Biblical Odes|Canticle]] Eight of the [[Canon (hymn)|Canon]], instead of occurring one at the end of each canticle; and the reading of the Gospel is moved from its old position before the Canon, and awkwardly inserted between Canticles Eight and Nine. Thus Canticle Nine is separated from those which precede it, and the whole structure of North America has placed the Canon is unhappily obscured." <ref>''The Festal Menaion'' (Tr. Mother Mary and Archimandrite Kallistos Ware, Faber and Faber, London, 1984), p. 543.</ref>  He goes on to note, however: :"In making these and other changes, perhaps Violakes was not innovating but simply giving formal approval to practices which had already become established in parishes. Presumably the Gospel was moved nearer to the end of the internet an extensive overview service because so few of the [[congregation]] arrived in time for the earlier parts of Matins!"<ref>''The Festal Menaion'' (Tr. Mother Mary and Archimandrite Kallistos Ware, Faber and Faber, London, 1984), p. 543.</ref> ==Divergence of Slavic and Byzantine Practice== To meet the needs of the Slavic world, translations for a Slavic typikon originated as soon as missions to the Slavic world began. With the revisions originating in the Mediterranean world coupled with the Mongol invasions, the Slavic typikon lost its conformity to the that standard in the Byzantine world. This was recognized by the [[Church of Russia]] in the seventeenth century. It was this revision effort of the Slavic typikon &mdash; along with the [[Liturgical books|service books]] &mdash; that resulted in the [[Old Believers|Old Believer]] controversies under Czar Alexis and Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]]. The primary differences between the liturgical practice of the Byzantine and Slavic worlds stem from their origins in the Savaite and Studite typika, respectively, along with subsequent revisions. However, for the most part, the Greek, Romanian, and Slavic Typikons were closely aligned until the publication of the Violakes edition of ''the Paschal Typikon of the Great Church'' in 1888.<ref>''The Festal Menaion'' (Tr. Mother Mary and Archimandrite Kallistos Ware, Faber and Faber, London, 1984), p. 542.</ref> For more information on this, see [http://www.holy-trinity.org/liturgics/krivoshein-greekandrussian.html ''Some differences between Greek and Russian divine services and their significance'', by Archbishop Basil Krivoshein of Brussels and Belgium] ==Notes==<div class="references-small"><references /></div>  ==External links that Discuss the Typikon==*[Holy http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith8504 The Origins of Pascha and Great Week- Part I]*[http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith8505 The Origins of Pascha and Great Week - Part II] services including other *[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/praxis/typicon.aspx How to Keep the Church Typicon: The Question of Uniformity in the Church Services Discussed at the Council of Hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox service Church Abroad (1951), by St. John (Maximovitch)]*[http://www.stjohndc.org/Russian/what/e_9609ca.htm The Late, Great Typikon]*[http://www.metropolitancantorinstitute.org/Typikon.html The Typikon] (includes brief history, from an [[Eastern Catholic]] website)*[http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/index.html Information on and from the Typikon] *[http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/ustav/messages The Ustav List: A Discussion Group about the Typikon, that focuses more on Russian and Old Calendar liturgical issues]*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/typikon/messages The Typikon List: A Discussion Group about the Typikon that focuses more on New Calendar Liturgical issues, and both Byzantine and Slavic practice]*[http://www.holy-trinity.org/liturgics/ The Holy Trinity Cathedral Liturgics Page] *[http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books /english/manual_services_sokolov.htm A Manual of Divine Services, by Archpriest D. Sokolof] ==External links with Rubrics based on the Typikon== *[http://www.saintjonah.org/rub/ Rubrics for Upcoming Vigils] (Old Calendar).*[http://www.saintjonah.org/lit/ Rubrics and Texts for the Divine Liturgy] (Old Calendar).*[http://www.saintjonah.org/typ/ Rubrics and discussion Texts for Typika] (Old Calendar).*[http://www.dowama.org/node/31 How to put the Services together] (Antiochian).*[http://www.antiochian.org/1110642035 The Antiochian Liturgical Guide, Online] *[http://www.ematins.org/matins.htm Texts for Sunday Matins] (New Calendar / Greek Archdiocese).*[http://www.dioceseofalaska.org/html/liturgical_resources.html The Russian Orthodox Diocese of Alaska Liturgical Calendar (Old Calendar Rubrics)]*[http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/order_divine_services_fecula.htm Excerpts from the "The Order of Divine Services" According to the usage of the TypikonRussian Orthodox Church, By Peter Fekula and Matthew Williams]*[http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/hierarchical_services_rubrics.htm Rubrics for Hierarchical Services (Instructions for Clergy and Altar Servers)]*[http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/liturgical_rubrics_1. These sites are noted under htm Liturgical Instructions for Non-Hierarchical Services (for Clergy and Altar Servers)] ==External links with another site that discusses Translations of the state Typikon== *[http://almoutran.com/pdf/typikon.pdf The Violakis Typikon of the Great Church of Christ of Constantinople in English]*[http://www.angelfire.com/journal2/typikon/ An English Translation of the Slavic Typikon (an ongoing project)] *[http://www.liturgy.ru/docs/docs_all/graphics.php The Slavonic Typicon (in GIF files)]*[http://www.orthlib.info/Typikon/Typikon.html The Slavonic Typikon (PDF format)]*[http://web.archive.org/web/20071216201216/http://users.forthnet.gr/ath/frc/psprotheoria.html A Draft Translation of the Biolakes Typikon] *[http://www.typikon.gr/ The Biolakes Typikon in Greek]*[http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/typikon_1.htm Abridged Typikon]