Changes

{{InprogressThe early Christian writers [[Tertullian]] and [[Origen]] mention the existence of a British church in the third century AD and in the fourth century British bishops attended a number of councils, such as the [[Council of Arles of 314|Ixthis888}}Council of Arles]] in 314 and the [[Council of Rimini]] in 359.

The early Christian writers [[Tertullian]] and [[Origen]] mention Saint Dorotheus of Tyre recorded that the existence of a British church Church at Tyre sent Saint Aristobulus to Britain as Bishop in the third century AD 37. Eusebius and in the fourth century British bishops attended a number of councils, such Hippolytus both name Aristobulus as the [[Council first Bishop of Arles]] Britain and there is a town named after him to this day in 314 Wales. So there is certainty that he came and established the [[Council of Rimini]] in 359Church at that date.

Tertullian mentions the British Church as operational in AD208 and Origen mentions it in AD238. In AD314 The first member Primate of the British church whom we know by name is St [[Alban]]Church, whoAdelfius of Caerleon, tradition tells usBishop Eborius of York and Bishop Restitutus of London all attended the Council of Arles. In AD 325, was martyred for his faith on Saint Athanasius specifically noted the British Church assenting to the spot where St Albans Abbey now standsdecisions of Nicaea I.

The British church was a missionary church with figures such as St Illtud, St Ninian and St Patrick evangelising in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, but the invasions by the pagan Angles, Saxons and Jutes set the Church back. The incomers as is now known, did not drive the Britons out, but actually intermarried with them, and many Britons remained living in the fifth century seem newly conquered areas. The Church no doubt was muted and probably impotent at these times. There were those outside who thought it should be more militant in returning to have destroyed the organisation of evangelise the church in much of what is now EnglandAnglo-Saxons. In 597 a mission sent by Pope St [[Gregory the Great Dialogist]] and led by St [[Augustine of Canterbury]] landed in Kent to begin the work of converting these pagan peoplesinsurgents.

What eventually became known as However we know that Augustine met a British Bishop where he landed in Kent and that the "British Church numbered around 120 Bishops at the time of England" <ref>The "Church his ecclesiastical invasion of England" (the Ecclesia Anglicana - or the English an existing Church)</ref> which was in full communion with the result rest of a combination of three traditions, that of Augustine and his successors, the remnants of the old Romano-British traditions and the Celtic tradition coming down from Scotland and associated with people like St Aidan and St Cuthbertworldwide Church.

These three traditions came together What eventually became known as a the "Church of England"<ref group="note">The "Church of England" (the Ecclesia Anglicana - or the English Church)</ref> was the result of increasing mutual contact and a number combination of local synodstwo traditions, that of the British Church which existed throughout Cornwall, Wales up the [[Synod east coast of England and into Scotland, and that of Augustine and his successors. These traditions came together only very slowly - it was hundreds of years before the Cornish Bishops agreed to the Whitby]] in 664 has traditionally been seen as the most importantsettlement. The result was an English Church, led by the two Archbishops of Canterbury and York, that was fully assimilated into the mainstream Church. This meant that it was influenced by the wider development of the Christian tradition in matters such as theology, liturgy, church architecture, and the development of monasticism.

It also meant that after King Harold II, the English church continued under the authority of the "[[Pope ]]" and not with Orthodoxy and this article does not consider the historical development of the "Church of England" after this date. Orthodoxy came back into the picture in the British Isles in 1716-1725: A considerable correspondence was conducted between the English Nonjuring bishops (usually styled in contemporary Orthodox documents as the “Catholic remnant” of the British Church), Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, and the Œcumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. It was proposed that a parish be established in London, which would be Orthodox and Western Rite. The Nonjurers’ lack of funds prevented their sending the proposed two delegates to Russia to seal the agreement. However, the Patriarch’s second letter to the “British Catholics” expressed a willingness to effect union and fix details later: “As for custom and ecclesiastical order and for the form and discipline of administering the sacraments, they will be easily settled when once a union is effected.” Nothing actually eventuated. Then in 1868: The Primus of Scotland visited Russia, where he held informal discussions with Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow and other Russian Church leaders about their interest in effecting the admittance of the British Church into Orthodoxy. He reported his meetings in detail to the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Convocation of Canterbury. Nothing further eventuated here either. In 1869: the Holy Synod of Russia authorised the use of the corrected text of the Western Rite Liturgy for use in Britain. Various forms of ethnic Orthodoxy entered Britain during the twentieth century with refugees from eastern Europe and migrant workers.

Orthodoxy was reintroduced by the [[Church There are now a number of Greece]] native British parishes through England, Wales and by Russia ... [to be developed] ..Scotland under various external Orthodox authorities.

== First Century Pre-Roman Britain (55BC - AD43)==*55 BC Julius Caesar''According s first expedition to Britain, gaining a foothold on the compilers coast of the Synaxarion, three members of the Apostolic Church had been responsible for preaching the Gospel in Britain - StKent. Peter who, after visiting Milan, had "passed over to the island *54 BC Julius Caesar's second invasion of Britain, now called England, (where) he spent many years and turned resulting in many erring Gentiles to faith in Christ"; St. Aristobulus (brother of St. Barnabas), who is called the Apostle of Britain native celtic tribes paying tribute and who was its first bishop; and Stgiving hostages in return for peace. Simon the Canaanite and Zealot. In these Islands, the Celtic Church had shone forth - especially during the glorious period known as the <ref group="Age of Saintsnote" when its missionaries preached throughout much of Europe, becoming 'Equals to the Apostles'>The British forces are led by Cassivellaunus. In addition</ref>*5 Rome acknowledges Cymbeline, Ireland had been a place King of refuge for monks fleeing from iconoclastic persecution; andthe Catuvellauni, later, it was to be referred to as "the New Thebais" on account king of the number of its monasteriesBritain.''

== Historical Period Roman Britian: Introduction of Christianity (20043-500410)==* 283-305 '''Apostolic Era:''' ''According to the compilers of the [[Synaxarion]], three members of the Apostolic Church had been responsible for preaching the Gospel in Britain:''[[Image:JosephArimathea.jpg|right|thumb|St. [[Joseph of Arimathea]].]][[Image:Apostle Aristobulus.jpg|right|thumb|[[Apostle Aristobulus]], Apostle of Britain.]][[Image:Alban.jpg|right|thumb|St. [[Alban]], Protomartyr of Britain.]][[Image:St Declan, Bp. and Abbot of Ardmore.jpg|right|thumb|St. Declan, Bishop & Abbot of Ardmore in Ireland.]][[Image:Patrick of Ireland.jpg|right|thumb|St. [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], Bishop of Armagh and Enlightener of Ireland.]]::*[[Apostle Peter]] who, after visiting Milan, had "passed over to the island of Britain, now called England, (where) he spent many years and turned many erring Gentiles to faith in Christ";::*[[Apostle Aristobulus]] (brother of St. [[Apostle Barnabas|Barnabas]]), who is called the Apostle of Britain and who was its first bishop; and ::*[[Apostle Simon]] the Canaanite and Zealot. In these Islands, the Celtic Church had shone forth - especially during the glorious period known as the "Age of Saints" when its missionaries preached throughout much of Europe, becoming '[[Saint titles|Equals to the Apostles]]'.::*Apocryphal legend claims that [[Joseph of Arimathea]] accompanied the [[Apostle Philip]], [[Lazarus]], [[Mary Magdalene]] & others on a preaching mission to Gaul. {{citation|Name of Apocryphal book}}.::*[[Eusebius of Caesarea]], (AD 260-340) Bishop of Caesarea and father of ecclesiastical history wrote: ''"The Apostles passed beyond the ocean to the isles called the Britannic Isles."''::*Ireland had been a place of refuge for monks fleeing from iconoclastic persecution; so, later, it was referred to as "the New [[w:Thebaid|Thebais]]" on account of the number of its monasteries.*43 Roman Emperor Claudius conquers England at Richborough (Kent), making it part of the vast Roman Empire; London is founded.*51 [[w:Caratacus|Caratacus]], British resistance leader is captured and taken to Rome.*61 [[w:Boudicca|Boudicca]], queen of the Iceni, let uprising against the Roman occupiers but was defeated and killed by the Roman governor, Suetonius Paulinus.*63 [[Joseph of Arimathea]], travels to Britain and lands in Glastonbury<ref group="note">St. [[Apostle Philip|Philip]] sent [[Joseph of Arimathea]], with twelve disciples, to establish Christianity in the most far-flung corner of the Roman Empire: the Island of Britain. The year AD 63 is commonly given for this "event", with AD 37 sometimes being put forth as an alternative.</ref> on the first Christian mission to Britain; [[Apostle Aristobulus|Aristobulus]], consecrated as first bishop to Britain.*ca.75-77 The Roman conquest of Britain is complete, as Wales is finally subdued; Julius Agricola is imperial governor (to 84).*122 Construction of Hadrian's Wall.*133 Julius Severus is sent to Palestine to crush the revolt.*140 Romans conquer Scotland.*ca. 155-222 [[AlbanTertullian]] wrote that Britain had received and accepted the Gospel in his life time.<ref group="note">[[Tertullian]]wrote that Britain had received and accepted the Gospel in his life time: ''"All the limits of the Spains, and the diverse nations of the Gauls, and the haunts of the Britons--inaccessible to the Romans, but subjugated to Christ."'' </ref>*167 Most commonly held date that Phagan and Deruvian sent by Eleutherius to convert the Britons to Christianity{{citation}}*ca. 170-236 [[Hippolytus of Rome]]<ref group="note">Hippolytus was considered to have been one of the most learned Christian historians and is the one who identifies the seventy whom Jesus sent in the Gospel of Saint Luke</ref> identifies [[Apostle Aristobulus]] listed in Romans 16:10 with [[Joseph of Arimathea]] and states that they ended up becoming Shepherds of Britain.*180 Protomartyr of Wales, St. [[Dyfan of Merthyr]] martyred at Merthyr Dyfan, Wales*208 [[Tertullian]] writes that Christ has followers on the far side of the Roman wall in Britain where Roman legions have not yet penetrated. *ca.251 St. [[Alban]] Protomartyr of England.<ref group="note">The date of St Alban's martyrdom is uncertain, but it is believed that it took place during the reign of Decius (ca. 251) or Valerian (ca. 257). The eighteenth century Turin manuscript (which may be based on a fifth century source) suggests that St Alban may have been executed as early as 209, when the emperor Septimus Severus and his two sons were in Britain. The [[w:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles Chronicle|Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]] list the year of St. Alban's execution as 283 not as 305.</ref>*304 Death of [[Amphibalus]] at Verulamium (St Albans), Hertfordshire; [[Julius and Aaron]]<refgroup="note">The earliest authority for their existence is St. Alban is first mentioned [[Gildas]] in ''De Excidio Britanniae''.</ref> martyred at Caerleon, Britain, under the persecutions of the Emperor Diocletian; Socrates and Stephanus martyred in Monmouthsire.<ref group="Acta Martyrumnote">Ss. Socrates and Stephanus appear in the ''Martyrologion Hieronymianum MS.50 from Trinity College, Dublin (11th-century) and also by Constantius one of the earliest amplifications of Lyon in his Life Bede's martyrology. Tradition holds them to be disciples of St. Germanus of Auxerre, written about 480[[Amphibalus]].</ref>*305 [[Constantine the Great]] was able to spend a year in northern Britain at his father Constantius' side, campaigning against the Picts beyond Hadrian's Wall in the summer and autumn.*306 [[June 22Constantine the Great]]is proclaimed as Augustus of the West at [[w:Eboracum|Eboracum]] (York), capital of the province of [[w:Britannia Secunda|Britannia Secunda]] and home to a large military base.* 419 King 307 The Church in Britain enjoys peace from the persecutions*313 "Edict of Toleration" (Milan), Christianity is made legal throughout the empire.*314 [[Brychan Council of Arles of 314|Council of BrecknockArles]] born, circa 419for the first time, three British bishops attend a council, including the Abp. of [[w:Roman London|Londinium]], [[w:Restitutus|Restitutus]].*325 [[First Ecumenical Council]] of Nicea convened by the Roman Emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]].*337 Constantine received "Christian" baptism on his deathbed; joint rule of Constantine's three sons: Constantine II (to 340); Constans (to 350); Constantius (to 361)*350 [[Ninian]] establishes the church Candida Casa at Whithorn in South WalesGalloway, Scotland, beginning the missionary effort to the Picts. * 432 380 Pelagius<ref group="note">St. Patrick missions Jerome suggests that this Pelagius was of Scottish descent but in such terms that it is uncertain as to whether he was from Scotland or Ireland.He is also frequently referred to as a British monk and Augustine has been documented as referring to him as "Brito" to distinguish him from Pelagius of Tarentum.</ref> enters Britain from Rome and introduces the heresy of Pelagianism.<ref group="note">http://www.seanmultimedia.com/Pie_Pelagius_Synod_Lydda_415AD.html</ref>* 484 383 Rome appoints Magnus Maximus as emperor in Britain while conquering Gaul, Spain and Italy.*390 [[Brendon the NavigatorPatrick of Ireland|Patrick]] born at Tralee Kilpatrick, Scotland.*395 Death of Theodosius, the last emperor to rule an undivided empire, leaving Arcadius, emperor in Kerrythe East and his other son, Honorius, emperor in the West; the office of Roman Emperor changes from a position of absolute power to one of being merely a head of state.*5th c. St. [[w:Declán of Ardmore|Declán of Ardmore]] founded the monastery of Ardmore (Ard Mór) in what is now Co. Waterford, believed to be the oldest Christian settlement in Ireland, Christianizing the area and converting the Déisi before the coming of St. Patrick.* 493 Repose 403 Abduction of Holy Hierarch [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], the Apostle of to Irelandto serve as a slave; [[Gildas the WiseVictricius of Rouen|Victricius]] born , Bishop of Rouen, visits Britain for the purpose of bringing peace to the island's clergy, who were in dispute over the lower valley [[Pelagian heresy]].*406 Invasion of Gaul by Germanic tribes, severing contact between Rome and Britain.<ref group="note">In early January, 406, a combined barbarian force (Suevi, Alans, Vandals & Burgundians) swept into central Gaul, severing contact between Rome and Britain. In autumn 406, the Clyde remaining Roman army in central Scotland Britain decided to mutiny. One Marcus was proclaimed emperor in Britain, but was immediately assassinated.</ref>The date *410 Escape of St. [[Gildas the WisePatrick of Ireland|Gildas'Patrick]] birth can only tentatively be placed back to Britain; Emperor Honorious recalls the decades either side of last legions from Britain; Britain gains "independence" from Rome;<ref group="note">Emperor Honorius tells Britain to attend to its own affairs, effectively removing the beginning of Roman presence.</ref> the Sixth Century. Goths, under Alaric, sack Rome''<!----:'''Dates Required''' ''These events have been referenced in St. [[Bede]] indirectly suggests the year 493 for this event 's Ecclesiastical History and require to be edited into this period of British history with dates. Help is welcome:''::Caius Julius Caesar, the date adopted for this articlefirst Roman that came into Britain ::Claudius, the second of the Romans who came into Britain, brought the Islands Orcades into subjection to the Roman Empire; and Vespian, sent by him, reduced the Isle of Wight under their dominion ::Lucius, king of Britain, writing to St.</refEleutherus, desires to be made a Christian ::How the Emperor Severus divided that part of Britain, which he subdued, from the rest by a rampart ::The reign of Diocletian, and how he persecuted the Christians ::How, in the reign of Arcadius, Pelagius, a Briton, insolently impugned the grace of God ::How, during the reign of Honorus, Gratian and Constantine were created tyrants in Britain; and soon after the former was slain in Britain, and the latter in Gaul ::The Britons, being ravaged by the Scots and Picts, sought succor from the Romans, who, coming a second time, built a wall across the island; but the Britons being again invaded by the aforesaid enemies, were reduced to greater distress than before---->.

== Historical period, 500Early British Kingdoms: Era of Celtic Missionaries (410-600 597)==* 410 ''Probable end of Roman occupation of Britain''Dates unknown:; Pelagian is driven out of Britain by the Goths of Alaric and moves to Palestine.*412 [[Patrick of Ireland]] has a vision of God informing him that he will leave for Ireland.*415 ''Pelagianism is attacked at the [[Council of Diospolis]]''*418 ''Pelagianism is condemned at the [[Councils of Carthage|Council of Carthage]]'' *419 King [[Brychan of Brecknock]] born, ca. 419, in South Wales. *429 [[Celestine of Rome|Celestine I]] dispatches prominent Gallo-Roman Bishops [[Germanus of Auxerre]] and Lupus of Troyes to Britain as missionary bishops and to combat the [[Pelagianism|Pelagian]] heresy.* Repose 430 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] ordained by St. [[Nonna Germannus of Auxerre|Germannus]], Bishop of Auxerre.*431 [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]] and Pelagius;*432 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] sent from Aesir in Gaul to mission to Ireland.*440 [[Materiana]] born in Gwent of Wales.*445 Founding of monastery at Armagh in northern Ireland.*447 [[Germannus of Auxerre|Germannus]] returns to Britain with Severus and heals a lame youth, condemns Pelagian heretics.*450 First monasteries established in Wales; Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britian.*455 Germanic Saxons and Angles conquer Britain, founding several independent kingdoms. *459 Death of [[Auxilius of Ireland]].<ref group="note">St. [[Auxilius of Ireland]]: The date of death is also given as 454 or 455, see Sabine Baring-Gould, ''The Lives of the Saints'' (J. Hodges, 1898), mother 275.</ref>*461 Death of the Holy Hierarch St. [[David Patrick of WalesIreland|Patrick]] and , the daughter Apostle of Ireland, at Saul, Downpatrick, Ireland<ref group="note">When he came to Ireland, as its enlightener, it was a pagan country; when he ended his earthly life some thirty years later, about 461, the nobleman Cynyr Faith of Caer Goch Christ was established in every corner." (Great Horologion) The work of St Patrick and his brethren has been called the most successful single missionary venture in the history of Pembrokeshirethe Church.-</ref>[[Image:Post-Roman Britannia ca.500 AD.jpg|right|thumb|Post-Roman Britain, ca.500 AD.]]* 525 Repose ca.480 Death of St. [[w:Tydfil|Merthyr of Tydfil]], in Wales.*484 [[Brendan the Navigator]] born at Tralee in Kerry, Ireland.*490 [[Brigid of Kildaire]] founds monastery of Kildare in Ireland.*493 [[Gildas the Wise]] born in the lower valley of the Clyde in central Scotland.<ref group="note">The date of St. [[Gildas the Wise|Gildas']] birth can only tentatively be placed to the decades either side of the beginning of the Sixth Century. St. [[Bede]] indirectly suggests the year 493 for this event and this is the date adopted for this article.</ref>*ca.500 Death of St. [[w:Gwynllyw|Gwynllyw of Wales]] (St. Gundleus), a Welsh King & Penitent, founder of [[w:Newport Cathedral|St Woolos Cathedral]] and father of Saint [[Cadoc]] the Wise.*520 [[w:Clonard Abbey|Clonard Abbey]] is founded in Ireland by St. [[w:Finnian of Clonard|Finnian]], where some of the most significant names in the history of Irish Christianity (who would go on to be known as the [[February 1w:Twelve Apostles of Ireland|Twelve Apostles of Ireland]]) studied at.*521 Birth of [[Columba of Iona]].*525 Death of St. [[Brigid of Kildaire]]; [[Gildas the Wise]] studies under St. [[Illtyd]] and travels to Ireland with [[David of Wales]] and [[Cadoc]], here he is ordained to the priesthood.*530 [[Brendan the Navigator]] lands in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing a short-lived community of Irish monks.* 540 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] appointed bishop to Strathclyde Britons (modern Glasgow).*545 [[Synod of Brefi]] at Llandewi Brefi in Wales condemns [[Pelagianism]]; Saint [[David of Wales]] moved the Primatial See of Britain from Caerleon to Menevia (St. Davids's). *546 [[Columba of Iona|Columba]] founds monastery of Derry in Ireland.*547 Saint [[David of Wales]] does obeisance to the Patriarch of Jerusalem.* 550 Repose of St. [[Jarlath of Tuam]], first Bishop of Tuam, [[June 6]]; [[Aed of Ferns]] born at Inisbrefny, Ireland.* 553 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]], Bishop of Glasgow and Strathclyde exiled by pagans fleeing to Menevia, Wales.[[Image:Columba of Iona.jpg|right|thumb|St. [[Columba of Iona]], Enlightener of Scotland.]]*556 [[Columba of Iona|Columba]] founds monastery of Durrow in Ireland.*557 [[Brendan the Navigator]] founds monastery at Clonfert, Ireland.* 560 [[Gildas the Wise]] returns to Ireland at the invitation of King Ainmeric.* 563 The [[w:Hiberno-Scottish mission|Hiberno-Scottish mission]] begins, as [[Columba of Iona|Columba]] arrives on [[Iona]] founded and establishes monastery there, founding mission to the monastery Picts. *564 Death of [[Petroc]]. *569 [[David of Wales]] holds [[IonaSynod of Victoria]] in Scotlandto re-assert the anti-Pelagian decrees of Brefi.* 570 Repose of [[Gildas the Wise]], [[January 29]], his relics allowed to drift; relics of [[Gildas the Wise]] recovered and translated to the church in Rhuys, [[April 29]].* 573 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] returns to Scotland after exile; Kentigern evangelises Galloway and Cumberland.*576 Death of [[Constantine of Cornwall]].*577 Death of St. [[Brendan the Navigator]].* 580 [[Aedan of Ferns]] returns to Ireland after studying under [[David of Wales|stSt. David]] in Wales.* 581 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] returns to Glasgow.* 577 Repose 587 Death of St. [[Brendon the Navigator]], [[May 16David of Wales]].* 587 Repose 597 Death of '''[[David Columba of WalesIona]]''', [[March 1]]Enlightener of Scotland.* 596 Gregory the Great sends [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]]<ref>Saint Augustine of Canterbury is also called the "Apostle to the English"6th c.</ref> to Britain to convert the The [[w:Kingdom Twelve Apostles of KentIreland|Kingdom Twelve Apostles of KentIreland]].* 597 Repose (also known as Twelve Apostles of Erin), twelve early Irish monastic saints of the sixth century who studied under St. [[Columba w:Finnian of IonaClonard|Finnian]], enlightener of Scotland, at his famous monastic school [[June 9w:Clonard Abbey|Clonard Abbey]].* 598 brandon mac Echac at Cluain-Eraird (d. 603Eraird's Meadow) convence a synod at which the [[Diocese of Ferns]] is made an episcopal see and [[Aedan of Ferns]] is made the first Bishop, now Clonard in County Meath.

== Historical period 600Anglo-Saxon England: The English Orthodox Church (597-700 1066)==* 601 Repose of '' According to historians, during this period St. [[David Non of Wales|Non]], Bishop the mother of Menevia; the "St Augustine Gospels" are sent to . [[David of Wales]], and the daughter of the nobleman Cynyr of Caer Goch of Pembrokeshire, reposed and St. [[Augustine Materiana of CanterburyCornwall]], [[April 9] <ref> The "], reposed early 6th-century at Minster of Cornwall.''[[Image:St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in existenceof Canterbury by Karen-Cooper.</ref>* 603 repose of gif|right|thumb|St. [[Kentigern Augustine of GlasgowCanterbury|Augustine]], [[January 11Archbishop of Canterbury, Apostle of the English.]].* 7th century: Celtic missions are launched in Northumbria (aidan, Cuthbert).* 604 First Bishop of London, [[Mellitus of Canterbury|Mellitus]597 [[Gregory the Great]] consecrated by sends [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]] in the province of East Saxons; Repose of <ref group="note">Saint [[Augustine of Canterbury]] is also called the "Apostle to the English" .</ref> and forty monks to Britain to convert the [[May 26]w:Kingdom of Kent|Kingdom of Kent]]; Saint [[Laurence Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]] consecrated as first preaches in the second Archbishop Isle of Canterbury.* 612 Repose Thanet to King Ethelbert, receiving license to enter the Kingdom of [[Dubricius Kent; King Ethelbert is converted and on Christmas day 10,000 of Caerleon]]the king's subjects were baptized; Augustine was consecrated Abp. at Arles, Archbishop and establishes the See of Caerleon and Wales, [[November 14]]Canterbury.* 618 Repose of abbot Donnan & his monk companions in Eigg, 598 Brandon mac Echac (d. 603) convence a synod at which the [[April 17Diocese of Ferns]].* 619 Repose of St. is made an episcopal see and [[Laurence Aedan of CanterburyFerns]]is made the first Bishop; Glastonbury Abbey founded; the Church in the British Isles numbers 120 bishops, [[February 3]]; [[Mellitus hundreds of Canterbury|Mellitus]] consecrated as third Archbishop of Canterburymonasteries and parishes organized under a Primate with his See at Menevia. *7th c. Celtic missions are launched in Northumbria (Aidan, Cuthbert).* 624 Repose ca.600 Emergence of St. '''[[Mellitus of Canterburyw:Insular art|MellitusInsular art]], also known as the ''Hiberno-Saxon style'', first Bishop produced in the post-Roman history of the British Isles, originating from the Irish monasticism of LondonCeltic Christianity, [[April 24]].* 628 [[Benedict Biscop]] born or metalwork for the secular elite; the most important centres were in Ireland, Scotland and the kingdom of Northumbria in NorthumbriaNorthern England.* 630 601 Death of [[Audrey David of ElyWales]] born in West Suffolk.* 632 Repose of , Bishop of Menevia; [[Gregory the Great|Gregory]] sends the ''St. Augustine Gospels'' to [[Aed Augustine of FernsCanterbury]], <refgroup="note">A bronze reliquary The "St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in which the relics of Stexistence. </ref>*602 [[Aed Augustine of FernsCanterbury|Augustine]] are kept is currently preserved in Dublinrepares the church of our Saviour and builds the monastery of St.</ref> Bishop of Ferns in IrelandPeter the Apostle, [[January 31]]"Peter" is the first abbot of the same.* 640 Repose 603 Death of [[Beuno the WonderworkerKentigern of Glasgow]] <ref>St. [[Beuno ; Ethelfrid, king of the Wonderworker]]Northumbrians, Abbot having vanquished the nations of Clynnogthe Scots, was uncle to Stexpels them from the territories of the English. *604 First Bishop of London, [[Winefride Mellitus of TreffynonCanterbury|Mellitus]], consecrated by [[November 3Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]].</ref>, Abbot in the province of East Saxons; Repose of Clynnog, Saint [[April 21Augustine of Canterbury]].* 647 Repose "Apostle to the English;" Saint [[Laurence of Canterbury]] consecrated as the second Archbishop of StCanterbury; Bp. '''[[Felix Mellitus of BurgundyCanterbury|Mellitus]]founded the first [[w:St Paul's Cathedral|St. Paul''s Cathedral]], Apostle traditionally said to be on the site of an old Roman Temple of East Anglia, Diana (although [[March 8w:Christopher Wren|Christopher Wren]]in the 17th c. found no evidence of this).* 650 ([[Fursey Image:Aidan of Lagny]], [[January 7]]) {{citation}}* 651 Repose of StLindisfarne. jpg|right|thumb|[[Aidan of Lindisfarne]], enlightener Enlightener of Northumbria of Northern England, .]]*612 Death of [[August 31Dubricius of Caerleon]], Archbishop and Confessor of Caerleon and Wales, one of the greatest of Welsh saints.* 653 614 Death of [[Benedict BiscopKentigern of Glasgow]] , Apostle of northwest England and [[Wilfred the Elder]] set off to visit Romesouthwest Scotland.* 664 616 Death of [[Synod w:Æthelberht of WhitbyKent|Æthelberht]]; [[Cuthbert]] stricken by (Ethelbert), King of Kent, the first Christian king of the great pestilence; repose Anglo-Saxons.*618 Death of Stabbot Donnan & his monk companions in Eigg. *619 Death of [[BoisilLaurence of Canterbury]], abbot of Melrose Abbey, Scotland, ; [[February 23Mellitus of Canterbury|Mellitus]] <ref>Almost all that is known consecrated as third Archbishop of StCanterbury. Boisol or Boswell*624 Death of [[Mellitus of Canterbury|Mellitus]], is learn from Stfirst Bishop of London. *628 [[BedeBenedict Biscop]] (Ecclesborn in Northumbria. Hist., IV, xxvii, and Vita Cuthberti).</ref>. * 669 630 [[Theodore Audrey of CanterburyEly]] arrives born in Kent at the age of seven;West Suffolk.* 672 Repose 632 Death of [[Chad Aed of LichfieldFerns]] and Mercia, <ref group="note">A bronze reliquary in which the relics of St. [[March 2]Aed of Ferns]]are kept is currently preserved in Dublin.* 675 Repose </ref> Bishop of StFerns in Ireland. Ethelburgh, first abbess of the Convent of Barking* 679 Repose of St. '''635 [[Audrey Cuthbert of ElyLindisfarne|Cuthbert]]'''born in Britain.* 680 Repose 640 Death of St. [[Botolph Constantine of IkenStrathclyde]]. ; death of [[June 17]Beuno the Wonderworker]]; Repose , Abbot of Clynnog.<ref group="note">St. [[Hilda of WhitbyBeuno the Wonderworker]], Abbot of Clynnog, was uncle to St. [[November 17Winefride of Treffynon]], [[November 3]], whom he also restored to life.</ref>* 681 647 Repose of St. [[CaedmonFelix of Burgundy]], [[February 11]] <ref>Cædmon Apostle of East Anglia.*650 The [[w:Book of Durrow|Book of Durrow]] illuminated manuscript Gospel Book is said to have taken holy orders begun at an advanced age and it is implied that he lived at Streonæshalch at least [[w:Durrow Abbey|Durrow Abbey]], Ireland in part during Hilda’s abbacy the [[w:Insular art|Insular]] style; (657–680[[Fursey of Lagny]]). Book IV Chapter 25 ; {{citation}} *651 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] witnesses the Historia ecclesiastica appears to suggest that Cædmon’s death occurred at about the same time soul of St. [[Aidan of Lindisfarne]] reposing as a light in the fire at Coldingham night sky and leaves for Melrose Abbey, an event dated in the E text to become a monk; Repose of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to 679, but after 681 by BedeSt.</ref>* 685 [[Cuthbert Aidan of Lindisfarne]] consecrated Bishop , enlightener of Northumbria of Lindisfarne, Northern England.*653 [[March 26Benedict Biscop]], by St. and [[Theodore of Canterbury|TheodoreWilfred the Elder]]set off to visit Rome.* 686 Repose 657 [[w:Whitby Abbey|Whitby Abbey]] (Benedictine) is founded by the Anglo-Saxon King of StNorthumbria, Oswy (Oswiu). *661 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]], and [[March 20Eata]]join a monastery at Ripon.* 689 Repose of [[Image:Cuthbert.jpg|right|thumb|St. [[Benedict BiscopCuthbert of Lindisfarne|Cuthbert the Wonderworker]], abbot, in Wearmouth, Co Durham, Bishop of Lindisfarne.]][[Image:Lindisfarne Gospels.jpg|right|thumb|Folio 27r from the [[January 12Lindisfarne Gospels]].* 690 Repose of St. contains the incipit from the [[Theodore Gospel of CanterburyMatthew]], eighth .]]*664 [[Archbishop Synod of CanterburyWhitby]], ; Cuthbert stricken by the great pestilence; death of St. [[September 19Boisil]]* 694 Repose , abbot of St. SebbeMelrose Abbey, founder of the monastery of Westiminster.* 693 Repose Scotland;<ref group="note">Almost all that is known of St. ErconwaldBoisol or Boswell, Bishop of Londonis learned from St.* 696 Incorrupt body of [[Audrey of ElyBede]] (Eccles. Hist., IV, xxvii, and Vita Cuthberti).</ref> death of St. [[Cedd of Lastingham|Cedd]], Apostle of Essex.*668 [[Gerald of Mayo]] follows [[Colman of Lindisfame|Colman]] and settles in Innisboffin.*669 [[Theodore of Tarsus]] arrives in Kent at the age of seven.*670 Colman founds an English monastery, separate from the Irish, the "Mayo of the Saxons,"<ref group="note">The Mayo (Magh Eo, the yew plain), known as "Mayo of the Saxons". St. [[Bede]] writes of this monastery: "This monastery is to this day (731) occupied by English monks... and contains an exemplary body who gathered there from England, and live by the labour of their own hands (after the manner of the early Fathers), under a rule and canonical abbot, leading chaste and single lives."</ref> with [[Gerald of Mayo]] as the first abbot.*672 Death of [[Chad of Lichfield]] and Mercia.*673 Historian [[Bede]] born.*675 Death of Ethelburgh, first abbess of the Convent of Barking*676 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne|Cuthbert]] becomes a solitary on Farne Island; [[w:Malmesbury Abbey|Malmesbury Abbey]] (Benedictine) is founded at Malmesbury in Wiltshire, England, by the scholar-poet [[Aldhelm of Sherborne|Aldhelm]], a nephew of King Ine of Wessex.*679 Death of [[Audrey of Ely]].*680 Death of [[Botolph of Iken]]; Repose of St. [[Hilda of Whitby]]; Sussex is the last part of England to be converted to Christianity.*681 Death of [[Caedmon]],<ref group="note">Cædmon is said to have taken holy orders at an advanced age and it is implied that he lived at Streonæshalch at least in part during Hilda’s abbacy (657–680). Book IV Chapter 25 of the Historia ecclesiastica appears to suggest that Cædmon’s death occurred at about the same time as the fire at Coldingham Abbey, an event dated in the E text of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to 679, but after 681 by Bede.</ref>*682 Foundation of [[Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey]] in England. *685 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] consecrated Bishop of Lindisfarne, by St. [[Theodore of Tarsus|Theodore]]*686 Death of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]].*689 Death of [[Benedict Biscop]], abbot, in Wearmouth, Co Durham.*690 Death of [[Theodore of Tarsus]], eighth [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].*694 Death of Sebbe, founder of the monastery of Westiminster.*693 Death of Erconwald, Bishop of London.*696 Incorrupt body of [[Audrey of Ely]] found.*697 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resigns as abbot of the "Mayo of the Saxons" in favour of St. Adamnan; Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] revealed to be incorrupt.*703 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resumes the abbacy of the "Mayo of the Saxons".*705 The Saxon Diocese of [[w:Sherborne Abbey|Sherborne]] was founded by King Ine of Wessex, who set [[Aldhelm of Sherborne|Aldhelm]] as first Bishop of the see of Western Wessex, with his seat at [[w:Sherborne Abbey|Sherborne]].*709 Death of [[Wilfrid]], Bishop of Hexham.*712 [[w:Glastonbury Abbey|Glastonbury Abbey]] is founded as a stone church in Glastonbury, Somerset, England, under the patronage of Saxon King Ine of Wessex, although the abbey itself was founded by Britons dating to ''at least'' the early 7th century.*714 Death of [[Guthlac of Crowland]], the hermit.*ca. 715 [[Lindisfarne Gospels]] produced in Northumbria (Northern England). *716 Death of [[Donald of Ogilvy]], Confessor of Scotland, whose nine daughters all entered a monastery in Abernethy, founded by Ss. Darlugdach and Brigid, where they became known as the [[Nine Maidens]], or the Nine Holy Virgins. *717 In Scotland, the [[Iona]] monks were expelled by the Pictish king [[w:Nechtan mac Der-Ilei|Nechtan son of Derile]].[[Image:Bede.jpg|right|thumb|St Bede, or the Venerable [[Bede]], Monk of Jarrow, biblical scholar (+735).]]*725 During his pilgrimage to Rome, King Ina of the West Saxons first gives the tribute or alms knows as "[[w:Peter's Pence|Peter's-Pence]]" (otherwise called in the Saxon ''Romefeoh'').<ref group="note">It was said not to be a tribute to the pope, but for the sustenation of the English School or College at Rome.</ref> *731 Death of [[Gerald of Mayo|Gerald]], Bishop of Mayo and english monk; [[Bede]] writes ''"[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|The Ecclesiastical History of the English People]]"'''*735 Death of Venerable [[Bede]]; See of York achieves archepiscopal status. *747 Witenagamot of England again forbids appeals to the Roman Pope; [[Council of Clovesho I]] adopts Roman calendar, observance of the feasts of Gregory the Great and Augustine of Canterbury, and adopts the Rogation Days. *ca.750-800 [[w:Book of Mulling|Book of Mulling]] composed, an Irish pocket Gospel Book.*768 Wales adopts Orthodox [[Paschalion]] and other decrees of the [[Synod of Whitby]] at teaching of Elfoddw of Gwynedd. *781 King Charlemagne of the Franks summons Alcuin of York to head palace school at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) to inspire revival of education in Europe. *785 Synod of Cealchythe erects the Archbishopric of Lichfield. *787 Two councils held in England, one in the north at Pincanhale, and the other in the south at Chelsea, reaffirming the faith of the first Six [[Ecumenical Councils]] (the decrees of the Seventh having not yet been received), and establishing a third archbishopric at Lichfield.[[Image:Bookofkells.gif|right|thumb|[[Book of Kells]], Folio 183v, Text from Mark.]]===Viking Age (793-1066)===*793 Sack of [[Lindisfarne|Lindisfarne Priory]], beginning Viking attacks on England.*794 Vikings sack the [[Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey]]; Offa, King of the Mercians, offers the tribute or alms known as "[[w:Peter's Pence|Peter's Pence]]" (''Romefeoh''). *795 In the earliest recorded Viking raid on Ireland, they attack [[Iona]], Inisbofin and Inismurray. *ca.800 [[Book of Kells]] is completed by the Celts. *802 The Vikings sack [[Iona]]. *803 [[Council of Clovesho II]] abolishes archbishopric of Lichfield, restoring the pattern of the two metropolitan archbishoprics (Canterbury and York) which had prevailed before 787, and requires the use of the [[Western Rite]] amongst the English speaking peoples. *806 Vikings kill all the inhabitants on the religious island of [[Iona]], Scotland, UK. *807 The Christianized Vikings (Danes) land on the Cornish coast, and form an alliance with the Cornish to fight against the 'heathen' West Saxons. *815 Egbert of Wessex ravages the territories of the west Welsh (Cornwall).*824 Death of [[w:Óengus of Tallaght|Óengus of Tallaght]] (Óengus the Culdee), held to be the author of the ''Félire Óengusso'' ("''The Martyrology of Óengus''") and possibly the ''[[w:Martyrology of Tallaght|Martyrology of Tallaght]].''*825 Egbert of Wessex defeats Beornwulf of Mercia at Ellandun; Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex submit to Wessex and East Anglia acknowledges Egbert as overlord. *828 Egbert of Wessex becomes the '''first King of England'''. *ca.830 ''[[w:Historia Brittonum|Historia Brittonum]]'' written (known for its list of 12 battles of King Arthur).*836 Egbert of Wessex is defeated by the Danes.*838 Death of Bp. Winnoc (Gwynog, Guinoch) of Scotland, a counsellor to King [[w:Kenneth MacAlpin|Kenneth]], whose prayers helped the king to vanquish the Picts in seven battles on a single day; at Hingston Down, Egbert of Wessex beats the Danish and the West Welsh. *843 Kenneth I (Cináed mac Ailpín), King of the Scots, also becomes King of the Picts, thus becoming the '''first monarch of the new nation of Scotland'''; the Alpin dynasty of Scottish kings begins to reign. [[Image:St Edmund the Martyr.jpg|right|thumb|[[Edmund the Martyr|Edmund]] the King-Martyr of East Anglia (+869).]]*851 Vikings plunder London and Canterbury. *852 St. [[w:Swithun|Swithun]] becomes Bp. of Winchester, England. *855 King Æthelwulf of Wessex grants churches in the kingdom of Wessex the right to receive [[Tithes and Firstfruits|tithes]]. *866 Vikings raid and capture York in England. *869 Martyrdom of King [[Edmund the Martyr|Edmund of East Anglia]].*870 Death of Ss. Beocca and Hethor, the two martyrs of Chertsey; the Great Summer Army invades England led by Bagsecg and conquers East Anglia; the buildings destroyed by the Danish invaders include the abbey of [[w:Ely, Cambridgeshire|Ely]] and the monastery of [[w:Peterborough|Peterborough]]. *875 The Danes capture [[Lindisfarne]] and arrive in Cambridge.*878 King [[Alfred the Great]] of Wessex defeats Vikings; the Treaty of Wedmore divides England between the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes (the [[w:Danelaw|Danelaw]]). *886 St [[Alfred the Great]], King of Wessex, captures London from the Danes. *888 [[w:Shaftesbury|Shaftesbury Abbey]] is founded in Dorset, England. *890 [[Bede]]'s ''[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum|Ecclesiastical History]]'' was translated into Old English at the insistence of [[Alfred the Great]].*899 Death of King [[Alfred the Great]].*903 Relics of King [[Alfred the Great]]<ref group="note">Considered a local Saint by the Orthodox church of England but not formally canonised.</ref> translated to New Minster Abbey.*904 King [[w:Constantine II of Scotland|Constantine II of Scotland]] (900-943) is victorious at the Battle of Scone, after which the Vikings were forced to withdraw from Scotland; according to the ''[[w:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland|Fragmentary Annals of Ireland]],'' the defeat of the Norsemen is attributed to the intercession of Saint [[Columba of Iona|Columba]] following [[fasting]] and [[prayer]].*906 [[Synod at Scone]], reported by the ''Chronicle of the Kings of Alba'', where King [[w:Constantine II of Scotland|Constantine II of Scotland]] and Bp. [[w:Cellach I of Cennrígmonaid|Cellach I of Cennrígmonaid]] met ''"upon the hill of credulity near the royal city of Scone, [and] pledged themselves that the laws and disciplines of the faith, and the rights in churches and gospels, should be kept in conformity with the [customs of the] Gaels".''*911 Normans convert to Christianity: in the [[w:Treaty of Saint Clair-sur-Epte|Treaty of Saint Clair-sur-Epte]] with King Charles the Simple, Viking leader [[w:Rollo|Rollo]] pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert.*934 Death of [[Birnstan of Winchester]].*935 Relics of St. [[Branwallader]] (or [[Brelade]] translated by King Athelstan to Milton Abbey.<ref group="note">The proper name of Milton Abbey is the Abbey Church of St. Mary, St. Samson and St. Branwalader.</ref>*943 King Constantine II of Scotland retires and becomes a monk.*945 [[Dunstan of Canterbury|Dunstan]] becomes Abbot of Glastonbury. *955 Death of King [[Edred of England]].*960 [[Dunstan of Canterbury|Dunstan]] becomes [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], reforming monasteries and enforcing rule of [[Benedict of Nursia|Benedict]]; [[w:Church of St. Dunstan, Mayfield|Church of St. Dunstan, Mayfield]] is founded in East Sussex by St. Dunstan.[[Image:Edward the Martyr.jpg|right|thumb|[[Edward the Martyr]], King of England (+978).]]*971 Translation of St. [[w:Swithun|Swithun's]] [[relics]] into an indoor shrine (previously buried outside); the ceremony is said to have been marred by 40 days of torrential rain.*972 The monastery at the site of [[w:Peterborough Cathedral|Peterborough Cathedral]] is rebuilt; St. [[w:Eadburh of Winchester|Edburga of Winchester]] (+960) is canonized.*977 St. [[w:Æthelwold of Winchester|Æthelwold of Winchester]], [[w:Bishop of Winchester|Bishop of Winchester]], rebuilds the western end of the [[w:Old Minster, Winchester|Old Minster, Winchester]], with twin towers and no apses. *978 Death of King [[Edward the Martyr]].[[Image:Harold.jpg|right|thumb|King [[Harold of England|Harold II Godwinson]], last Orthodox king of England.]]*ca.980-1000 [[w:Ramsey Psalter|Ramsey Psalter]] illuminated manuscript is produced at Winchester, intended for use at the Benedictine monastery of [[w:Ramsey Abbey|Ramsey]].*982 Greenland is discovered by Erik the Red.*988 Death of St. [[Dunstan of Canterbury]], Bishop of London.*ca.988-1023 The [http://www.archive.org/details/bosworthsalter00gasquoft Bosworth Psalter] is compiled at Canterbury, including a calendar of the Orthodox Church from among the Saints of Western, especially English origin who reposed before the West fell away from Orthodoxy.*1002 Death of St. Wulsin, renewer of the Monastery of St. Peter; St. Brice's Day massacre . *1005 Irish King Brian Boru visited Armagh, confirming to the apostolic see of Saint [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], ecclesiastical supremacy over the whole of Ireland (as recorded in the [[w:Book of Armagh|Book of Armagh]]).*1006 St. [[Alphege of Canterbury|Alphege]] goes to Pope John XVIII at Rome for his [[pallium]] and becomes [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].*1010 Death of [[w:Ælfric of Eynsham|Ælfric of Eynsham]], abbot of Eynsham and a prolific writer in Old English of hagiography, homilies, biblical commentaries.*1012 Death of St. [[Alphege of Canterbury|Alphege]], Archbishop of Canterbury martyred to the east of London at Greenwich.*1014 Abp. Wulfstan preaches his Latin homily, ''"Wulf's Address to the English".''*1018 [[w:Buckfast Abbey|Buckfast Abbey]] is founded at Buckfastleigh, Devon, England.*1020 [[w:Cnut the Great|Canute the Great]] codifies the laws of England.*ca.1020 [[w:Harley Psalter|Harley Psalter]] illuminated manuscript is produced, probably at [[w:Canterbury Cathedral|Christ Church, Canterbury]].*1022 [[w:Æthelnoth (Archbishop of Canterbury)|Aethelnoth]], Archbishop of Canterbury, is received at Rome; [[w:Gloucester Abbey|Gloucester Abbey]] (Benedictine) is founded in the city of Gloucester, England, dedicated to St. [[Apostle Peter|Peter]].*1030 Relics of St. [[Boisil]] (Boswell), Prior of Melrose (+661), are translated to Durham Cathedral by the priest Ælfred.*1043 [[Edward the Confessor]] crowned King of England at Winchester Cathedral.*1045 Edward the Confessor begins construction of [[w:Westminster Abbey|Westminster Abbey]].*1050 [[w:Exeter Cathedral|Exeter Cathedral]] is founded, dedicated to Saint Peter, dating from 1050, when the seat of the [[w:United sees of Devon and Cornwall|Bp. of Devon and Cornwall]] was transferred from Crediton because of a fear of sea-raids; [[w:Leofric (bishop)|Leofric]] is enthroned as Bp. of Exeter on St. Peter's Day, with King [[Edward the Confessor]] in attendance;*1065 [[w:Westminster Abbey|Westminster Abbey]] is consecrated on December 28, 1065, only a week before [[Edward the Confessor]]'s death and subsequent funeral and burial; it was the site of the last coronation prior to the Norman conquest of England, that of [[Harold of England|Harold II Godwinson]].

==Historical period, 700Roman Catholic Period (1066-1534)=====Anglo-Norman Britain: Latin Continental Ecclesiology Formalized (1066-8001154)===* 709 Repose [[Image:Norman possessions 12th century.JPG|right|thumb|Norman conquests in red. [[w:Norman conquest of England|Norman conquest of England]] (1066); [[w:Norman conquest of southern Italy|Kingdom of StSicily]] (founded ca. 1042-1154); [[Wilfridw:Principality of Antioch|Principality of Antioch]] (1098).]]*1066 Normans invade England flying banner of Pope of Rome, Bishop defeating King Harold of England at Battle of Hastings; death of Hexham, [[April 24Harold of England]], the last Orthodox King of England.*1066-1171 Beginning reformation of English church and society to align with Latin continental ecclesiology and politics.* 714 Repose 1072 On October 15, the last English Orthodox bishop, [[Ethelric of StDurham]], after anathematizing the Pope, died in prison at Westminster. *1075 [[Guthlac w:Council of London (1075)|Council of CrowlandLondon]], a council of the Roman Catholic church in England held by the hermitnew Norman archbishop of Canterbury [[w:Lanfranc|Lanfranc]], deciding that all dioceses were to be re-centred on cities.*1080 [[April 11w:York Minster|York Minster]]cathedral is again rebuilt from 1080 AD.* 716 Repose 1083 [[w:Shrewsbury Abbey|Shrewsbury Abbey]] (the Abbey of Saint Peter and Saint Paul) is founded by the Norman Earl of Shrewsbury, Roger de Montgomery, in the county town of StShropshire, England.*ca. 1085 [[w:Great Malvern Priory|Great Malvern Priory]] (Benedictine) is founded in Malvern, Worcestershire, England, as [[Donald w:Wulfstan (Bishop of OgilvryWorcester)|Wulfstan]], confessor Bishop of ScotlandWorcester, had encouraged a hermit named [[w:Aldwyn of Malvern|Aldwyn]] to found a monastery in what was then the wilderness of Malvern Chase.*1092 The first cathedral at [[w:Old Sarum|Old Sarum]] is completed by Bp. [[w:Osmund|Osmund]].*1093 [[w:Durham Cathedral|Durham Cathedral]] is founded.*1095 Death of [[July 15w:Wulfstan (Bishop of Worcester)|Wulfstan]], Bishop of Worcester, the only English Bishop who maintained his office under William the Conqueror, after the Norman conquest (i.e. Bp.of Worcester 1062-1095).* 731 1096 [[Bedew:St. John's Abbey, Colchester|Colchester Abbey]] writes (Benedictine) is founded by Eudo, son of Hubert de Ria, seneschal of King William II, on a site believed to be the location of a miracle.*1098 Anselm of Canterbury completes ''Cur Deus homo'', marking a radical divergence of Western theology of the atonement from that of the East. *1102 [[w:Council of London (1102)|Council of London]], a Roman Catholic church council of the church in England convened by [[w:Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], Archbishop of Canterbury, to debate and pass decrees to reform the clergy; it is best known for confirming homosexuality as a sin in the English and wider church, and for outlawing the export of Christian slaves to non-Christian lands.*1104 Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] translated<ref group="note">His [St. [[Ecclesiastical History Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]]] body was still found to be untouched by decay, giving off "an odour of the English Peoplesweetest fragrancy", and "from the flexibility of its joints representing a person asleep rather than dead.</ref> from Lindisfarne to Durham Cathedral.*ca.1120-1145 [[w:St. Albans Psalter|St. Albans Psalter]] is produced at [[w:St Albans Cathedral|The Ecclesiastical History St Albans Abbey]], one of the most important examples of English People[[w:Romanesque art|Romanesque]] book production, of almost unprecedented lavishness of decoration.*1128 [[w:Holyrood Abbey|Holyrood Abbey]] (Augustinian) is founded in Scotland.*1131 [[w:Tintern Abbey|Tintern Abbey]]"'''is founded in Wales, being only the second Cistercian foundation in Britain, and the first in Wales.* 735 Repose 1132 [[w:Rievaulx Abbey|Rievaulx Abbey]] (Cistercian) is founded in North Yorkshire, England, by twelve monks from [[w:Clairvaux Abbey|Clairvaux Abbey]] as a mission centre for the colonisation of the north of England and Scotland, becoming one of the great Cistercian abbeys of Venerable England; [[Bedew:Fountains Abbey|Fountains Abbey]](Cistercian) is founded two miles southwest of Ripon in North Yorkshire, England, being one of the largest and best preserved Cistercian houses in England, and now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.*1136 [[w:Melrose Abbey|Melrose Abbey]] (Cistercian) is founded on the request of King David I of Scotland.*ca.1136 [[w:Geoffrey of Monmouth|Geoffrey of Monmouth]] writes his chronicle ''[[w:Historia Regum Britanniae|Historia Regum Britanniae]]'' ("History of the Kings of Britain").*1150 [[May 25w:Kinloss Abbey|Kinloss Abbey]](Cistercian) is founded by King David I of Scotland, going on to become one of the largest and wealthiest religious houses in Scotland.

==Historical =Plantaganet Era (1154-1485)===:''This periodwitnessed the continual struggle between the English Kings and the Church in Rome for the legal high ground.''*1159 [[w:John of Salisbury|John of Salisbury]] authors ''[[w:Policraticus|Policraticus]],'' a treatise on government drawing from the [[Holy Scripture|Bible]], the [[Code of Justinian|Codex Justinianus]], and arguing for [[w:Divine Right of Kings|Divine Right of Kings]]. *1169-71 [[w:Norman invasion of Ireland|Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland]]; city of Dublin captured by the Roman Catholic Normans.*1170 Abp. of Canterbury [[w:Thomas Becket|Thomas Becket]] is assassinated in December in Canterbury Cathedral, after having excommunicated the Abp. of York and the Bps. of London and Salisbury, who had held the coronation of Henry the Young King in York in June, in breach of Canterbury's privilege of coronation.[[Image:Flag of England.jpeg|right|thumb|[[w:Flag of England|Cross of St. George]], officially established as the national flag of England in the 16th c.]]*1173 Death of [[w:Richard of Saint Victor|Richard of Saint Victor]], a Scotsman and prior of the famous Augustinian [[w:Abbey of St. Victor, Paris|abbey of Saint-Victor]] in Paris (1162-1173), who was one of the most important mystical theologians of 12th century Paris, then the intellectual center of Western Europe. *1185 The present-day [[w:Lincoln Cathedral|Lincoln Cathedral]] is begun, after an earthquake destroyed its predecessor; the [[w:Knights Templar in England|Knights Templar in England]] consecrated [[w:Temple Church|Temple Church]] as their headquarters in London, a round church, patterned after the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.*1194 King [[w:Richard I of England|Richard I]] (''Cœur de Lion, the Lionheart'') of England introduced the [[w:Flag of England|Cross of St. George]], a red cross on a white ground, as the National Flag of England.<ref group="note">During the crusades Richard the Lionheart claimed to have seen a vision of St George bearing a red-cross banner. Although he himself did not enter Jerusalem (declaring himself unworthy to do so), in gratitude for the victory he repaired the church over the grave of St George of Lydda and there took the saint as his personal patron.<br>The earliest reference to the cross of St George as an English emblem (not flag) was in a roll of account relating to the Welsh War of 1277.<br>Edward the Confessor was "patron saint" of England until 1348 when the greater importance of St George was promoted by the establishment of the Chapel of St George at Windsor.<br>St George's cross did not achieve any sort of status as the national flag until the 16th century, when all other saints' banners were abandoned during the Reformation. The earliest record of St George's flag at sea, as an English flag in conjunction with royal banners but no other saintly flags, was 1545.</ref>*1202-04 Nobleman [[w:Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester]] achieved prominence in the [[Fourth Crusade]].*ca.1207 [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[w:Stephen Langton|Stephen Langton]] divides the Bible into the defined modern chapters in use today. *1208-1215 Pope Innocent III placed the kingdom of England under an interdict for seven years after King John refused to accept the pope's appointee as Archbishop of Canterbury.*1215 [[w:Magna Carta|Magna Carta]] is issued, arguably the most significant early influence on the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law and democracy today in the English speaking world.[[Image:Salisbury-Cathedral-by-Steve-Somers.jpg|right|thumb|[[w:Salisbury Cathedral|Salisbury Cathedral]], considered one of the leading examples of [[w:English Gothic architecture|Early English architecture]].]]*1217 [[w:Culross Abbey|Culross Abbey]] is founded as a Cistercian abbey in Culross, Scotland, the birth place of St [[Kentigern of Glasgow]].*ca.1220 English Bp. [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Poore Richard Le Poore ] is said to have been responsible for the final form of the "[[Sarum Use|Use of Sarum]]", which had the sterling reputation of being the best liturgy anywhere in the West.*1221 The [[w:Dominican Order|Dominican Friars]] (known as Black Friars) arrive in England, appearing in Oxford.<ref group="note">[[w:White Friars|White Friars]] (Carmelites);<br>[[w:Grey Friars|Grey Friars]] (Francicans);<br>[[w:Black Friars|Black Friars]] (Dominican order);<br>[[w:Austin Friars|Austin Friars]] (Order of St. Augustine).</ref>*1239 [[w:Wells Cathedral|Wells Cathedral]] is dedicated.*ca.1245 [[w:Monymusk Priory|Monymusk Priory]] is founded as a house of Augustinian canons, based in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.*1258 [[w:Salisbury Cathedral|Salisbury Cathedral]] consecrated at [[w:Salisbury|New Sarum]].*1265 [[w:Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester]] calls the first English parliament.*1295 King Edward I summons the [[w:Model Parliament|Model Parliament]], including members of the clergy and the aristocracy, as well as representatives from the various counties and boroughs.*1296 The [[w:Stone of Scone|Stone of Scone]] was captured by Edward I as spoils of war and taken to Westminster Abbey, where it was fitted into a wooden chair, known as [[w:King Edward's Chair|King Edward's Chair]], on which most subsequent English sovereigns have been crowned.*1320 [[w:Declaration of Arbroath|Declaration of Arbroath]], a declaration of Scottish independence, was submitted to Pope John XXII. *1337-1453 [[w:Hundred Years' War|Hundred Years' War]] between England and France.*1347 Death of [[w:William of Ockham|William of Ockham]], English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher and a supporter of the doctrine of [[w:Apostolic poverty|Apostolic poverty]], which was held by fundamentalist Franciscan and [[w:Mendicant orders|mendicant orders]], bringing them into conflict with the pope; also the author of ''[[w:Occam's razor|Occam's Razor]]. *1348 King Edward III (1327–1377), known for promoting the codes of knighthood, 800founded the [[w:|Order of the Garter]] in 1348 and promoted St. [[George the Trophy-900bearer|George]] as the patron saint of the English monarchy.<ref group="note">Prior to this, Saint [[Edmund the Martyr|Edmund]] had been considered the patron saint of England, although his veneration had waned since the time of the Norman conquest, and his cult was partly eclipsed by that of [[Edward the Confessor]].</ref>*1349 Death of [[w:Richard Rolle|Richard Rolle]], English religious writer and [[w:Christian mysticism|mystic]], Bible translator, and hermit.*ca.1380-1534 [[w:Lollardy|Lollard Movement]] in England; Lollards were effectively absorbed into Protestantism during the [[w:English Reformation|English Reformation]], in which Lollardy played a role.*1382-95 [[w:Wyclif's Bible|First English Bible]] translated by John Wyclif.[[Image:Flag of Scotland.jpeg|right|thumb|The Flag of Scotland, also known as the [[w:Flag of Scotland|Saint Andrew's Cross]] or more commonly The Saltire, officially adopted 16th c.]]*1385 The [[w:Parliament of Scotland|Parliament of Scotland]] decreed that Scottish soldiers wear a white [[w:Saltire|Saint Andrew's Cross]] (''Saltire'') on their person, both in front and behind, for the purpose of identification.<ref group="note">The earliest reference to the Saint Andrew's Cross as a flag is to be found in the ''Vienna Book of Hours'', ca. 1503, where a white saltire is depicted with a red background.<br>In the case of Scotland, use of a blue background for the Saint Andrew's Cross is said to date from at least the 15th century, with the first certain illustration of a flag depicting such appearing in Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount's Register of Scottish Arms, ca. 1542.</ref>*1393 [[w:Julian of Norwich|Julian of Norwich]], thought of as one of the greatest English [[w:Christian mysticism|mystics]], writes ''[[w:Revelations of Divine Love|The Sixteen Revelations of Divine Love]]'', chronicling her prolonged states of ecstasy when she saw visions of the sufferings of Christ and of the Trinity.*ca.1410 [[Monk]] [[w:Nicholas Love (monk)|Nicholas Love]], prior of the [[w:Carthusian|Carthusian]] house of Mount Grace in Yorkshire, translated the ''Meditationes Vitae Christi'' (wrongly attributed to the Italian scholastic philospher [[w:Bonaventure|Bonaventure]]) into English as ''[[w:The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ|The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ]].'' *1415 The festival of St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]] was raised to the position of a "double major feast" and ordered to be observed throughout the Province of the Archbishop of Canterbury with as much solemnity as Christmas Day.*1438 [[w:Margery Kempe|Margery Kempe]],a "religious enthusiast"<ref group="note">[[w:Margery Kempe|Margery Kempe]] (ca.1373-ca.1439) stands very much alone in the English [[w:Christian mysticism|mystical tradition]]. Indeed, she is thought by some to be outside this tradition because of the lack of depth in her revelations, the highly personal level of her visions, and the extremes of her behaviour. If she is a mystic, it is certainly not in the same sense as her better known contemporaries such as [[w:Richard Rolle|Richard Role]] or [[w:Julian of Norwich|Julian of Norwich]].</ref> and laywoman, completes her autobiography ''The Book of Margery Kempe'', chronicling her spiritual experiences, visions, and extensive pilgrimages to various holy sites in Europe.*1453 The Hundred Years War ends, England loses all its territory in France except for Calais.*1455-1485 [[w:Wars of the Roses|Wars of the Roses]], a series of dynastic civil wars between supporters of the rival houses of Lancaster and York, for the throne of England. *ca.1456 [[w:Rosslyn Chapel|Rosslyn Chapel]] is founded in Scotland by [[w:William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness|William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness]], as a Roman Catholic collegiate church (Collegiate Chapel of St Matthew), however having a number of [[w:Rosslyn_Chapel#Templar_and_Masonic_connections|Templar and Masonic]] connections.*1476 [[w:William Caxton|William Caxton]] introduces the printing press into England, setting up a press at Westminster; the first book known to have been issued there was an edition of Chaucer's ''Canterbury Tales.''

== History of England post Bede=Tudor Era (1485-1603)===* 869 King 1494 English [[Edmund Augustine of East AngliaHippo|Augustinian]] (mystic [[November 20w:Walter Hilton|Walter Hilton]]) martyredwrites his magnum opus, the ''Scala Perfectionis,'' or ''[http://biblestudy.churches.net/CCEL/H/HILTON/LADDER/LADDERTH.HTM Scale of Perfection].'' * 870 Repose ca.1500-1505 The [[w:Eton Choirbook|Eton Choirbook]] is compiled, showing the development of Ss. Beocca early Renaissance polyphony in England, and Hethor, being one of the two martyrs very few collections of ChertseyLatin liturgical music to survive the Reformation.* 890 1516 Leading [[Bedew:Renaissance humanism|Renaissance humanist]]'s ''[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorumw:Thomas More|Ecclesiastical HistoryThomas More]]writes '' was translated into Old English at the insistence of [[Alfred the Greatw:Utopia (book)|Utopia]].''* 899 Repose of 1521 Pope Leo X rewards King Henry VIII for his written attack on Luther by granting him the title ''"[[Alfred w:Fidei defensor|Defender of the GreatFaith]] ([[October 26]])".''

==Historical period English Reformation (9001534-10001660)==* 903 King 1534 [[Alfred the Greatw:Acts of Supremacy|Act of Supremacy]]<ref>Considered a local Saint by which the Parliament of England declared King Henry VIII as '' 'the only supreme head on earth of the Church in England','' and affirming the Orthodox church legal sovereignty of the civil laws over the laws of the Church in England but not formally canonised.</ref> relics translated to New Minster.* 935 Relics of St. 1535 Sir [[Branwalladerw:Thomas More|Thomas More]] (or and [[Breladew:John Fisher|John Fisher]] translated were executed by beheading by order of King Athelstan Henry VIII, for refusing to Milton Abbey <ref>The proper name accept him as Head of Milton Abbey is the Abbey Church of StEngland ''(More and Fisher were both canonized by Pope Pius XI in 1935). Mary''*1536-1541 [[w:Dissolution of the Monasteries|Dissolution of the Monasteries]], nunneries and friaries in England, St. Samson Wales and St. Branwalader.</ref>Ireland.* 955 Repose of King '''1536 The [[Edred w:Pilgrimage of Grace|Pilgrimage of EnglandGrace]], a popular rising in York, Yorkshire, in protest against England'''s break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as well as other specific political, social and economic grievances; Wales is incorporated into England with the [[November 23w:Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|Laws in Wales Acts 1536–1542]].* 988 Repose 1549 First [[w:Book of Common Prayer|Book of StCommon Prayer]] is introduced. *1550 [[w:Vestments controversy|Vestments controversy]] begins as [[Dunstan w:John Hooper|John Hooper]] called for the elimination of Canterbury[[vestments]]; the controversy was ostensibly concerning vestments, but more fundamentally concerned with English Protestant identity, doctrine, and various church practices, Bishop shedding much light on the development of English forms of London[[w:Puritan|Puritanism]] and [[w:Anglicanism|Anglicanism]].* 1002 Repose 1553-1558 Restoration of St[[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] by [[w:Mary I of England|Queen Mary I]]; Queen Mary I restored the [[Sarum Use|Sarum rite]] in 1553 and promulgated it throughout England, but it was finally abolished by Elizabeth I in 1559. Wulsin*1558-1603 [[w:Elizabethan era|Elizabethan Era]], renewer final break with the Roman Church.*1560 [[w:Scottish Reformation|Scottish Reformation]] marks Scotland's formal break with the [[Roman Catholic Church|Papacy]] in 1560; the [[w:Scottish Reformation Parliament|Reformation Parliament]] repudiated the pope's authority, forbade the celebration of the Monastery Mass and approved a Protestant [[w:Scots Confession|Confession of St. PeterFaith]], being made possible by a revolution against French hegemony. * 1012 Repose of St. 1563 The [[Alphegew:Thirty-Nine Articles|Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion]]were established, Archbishop the historic defining statements of Canterbury martyred Anglican doctrine in relation to the east controversies of London at Greenwich, the English Reformation. *1564-1660 The [[w:History of the Puritans|Era of Puritanism]].*1603-1625 [[w:Jacobean era|Jacobean Era]].*1625-1642 [[April 19w:Caroline era|Caroline Era]].* 1066 Repose 1626 Death of Anglican Bp. [[w:Lancelot Andrewes|Lancelot Andrewes]], Bp. of Winchester, and head translator of the last 1611 Authorised Version ("King James") Bible, remembered chiefly for his sublime sermons (lately admired and interpreted by Russian Orthodox King theologian Nicolas Lossky for their patristic quality and profound affinities with Eastern Orthodox theology and liturgical texts).*1644 The [[w:Long Parliament|Long Parliament]] (1640-49) directed that only the Hebrew canon be read in the Church of England, '''effectively removing the Apocrypha. *1649-1660 [[Harold w:English Interregnum|Interregnum: Commonwealth of England]]''': Anglicanism was disestablished and outlawed, and in its place, [[October 14w:Presbyterianism|Presbyterian ecclesiology]] was introduced in place of the episcopate; the [[w:Thirty-Nine Articles|39 Articles]] were replaced with the [[w:Westminster Confession of Faith|Westminster Confession]], and the [[w:Book of Common Prayer|Book of Common Prayer]] was replaced by the [[w:Directory of Public Worship|Directory of Public Worship]].* 1650 Anglican Abp. of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland [[w:James Ussher|James Ussher]] writes his '''11th-century:"Annals of the World,"''' ** Relics of St. a chronology that purported to establish the time and [[BoisilByzantine Creation Era|date of the creation]]as the night preceding 23 October 4004 BC, are carried off according to Durham by the priest Ælfredproleptic Julian calendar.

== post Great Schism English (Stuart) Restoration (1660-1689): Orthodox Presence Re-established==:''Anglicanism was restored in a form not far removed from the Elizabethan version. However the ideal of encompassing all the people of England in one religious organisation, which was taken for granted by the Tudors, had to be abandoned. The religious landscape of England assumed its present form; the Anglican was the established church occupying the middle ground; Roman Catholics and those Puritans and Protestants who dissented from the Anglican establishment, too strong to be suppressed altogether, had to continue their existence outside the National Church rather than controlling it.''*1662 Major revision of the [[w:Book of Common Prayer|Book of Common Prayer]] is published, remaining the official prayer book of the [[w:Church of England|Church of England]] up until the 21st century (when an alternative book called [[w:Common Worship|Common Worship]] largely displaced it in Anglican parishes). *1670 [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] established by priest [[Daniel Voulgaris]] first Greek Orthodox Community in London, re-establishing an Orthodox presence in Great SchismBritain. *1676 Arrival of [[Joseph Georgerines]], Archbisop of Samos. *1677 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" erected for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of England no longer Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]]<ref group="note">''"In the year of salvation 1677 this Temple was erected for the nation of the Greeks, the Most Serene Charles II being King, and the Roual Prince Lord James being commander of the foreces, the Right Reverend Lord Henry Compton being Bishop, at the expense of the above and other Bishops and Nobles and with the Eastern Orthodox concurrence of our Humility of Samos Joseph Georgeirenes, from the island of Melos."'' - Inscription from tablet carved in Greek preserved on the west wall of the churchCharing Cross Road. Orthodoxy reThis site is now occupied by St Mary's of Kenton a non-establishes in Orthodox denomination.</ref>*1684 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" confiscated and handed over to Huguenot refugees from France. [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain around ]] forced to worship for the next 150 years in the 16Imperial Russian Embassy.*1688 The [[w:Glorious Revolution|Glorious Revolution]] (Revolution of 1688), overthrew King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by William III of Orange-17th centuryNassau. {{citation}}*1689 ''[[w:Act of Toleration 1689|Act of Toleration]],''partially restores civil rights to Nonconformists who dissented from the Church of England, such as Baptists and Congregationalists, allowing them their own places of worship and their own teachers and preachers, subject to acceptance of certain oaths of allegiance; however this did not include Roman Catholics, Quakers or non-trinitarians.

* 1670 [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] established by priest [[Daniel Voulgaris]] first Greek Orthodox Community in London.==The Revolution Entrenched (1689-1707)==* 1676 Arrival 1700 The Parliament of England passed [[Joseph Georgerinesw:Popery Act 1698|Popery Act 1698]], Archbisop of Samos.* 1677 "Greek St Church intended to prevent the Panagia" erected for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] <ref>''"In the year of salvation 1677 this Temple was erected for the nation Growth of the GreeksPopery, the Most Serene Charles II being King, and the Roual Prince Lord James being commander of the foreces, the Right Reverend Lord Henry Compton being Bishop, at the expense imposing a number of the above and other Bishops penalties and Nobles and with the concurrence of our Humility of Samos Joseph Georgeirenes, from the island of Melos."'' - Inscription from tablet carved in Greek preserved disabilities on the west wall of the church Charing Cross Road. This site is now occupied by St Mary's of Kenton a non-Orthodox denomination.</ref>* 1684 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" confiscated and handed over to Huguenot refugees from France. [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] forced to worship for the next 150 years in the Imperial Russian Embassy.* 1738 Print 'Noon' <ref>From the series entitled "The Four Times of the Day"</ref> by William Hogarth <ref>In Hogarth’s time the portion of the street where the church stood was called Hog Lane. It was later renamed Crown Street and was demolished when Charing Cross Road was widened.</ref> shows evidence of a crowd exiting a Greek Orthodox church.* 1837 Imperial Russian Embasy offers hospitality in Finsbury Park, London to the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] community for their religious activities.* 1850 Greek Orthodox church built in London Street in the City.* 1877 Greek Orthodox Church of the Divine Wisdom (St Sophia) Roman Catholics in Bayswater built.* 1899 [[Bede]] is made a "Doctor of the Church" <ref>The position of "Doctor of the Church" is a position of theological significance; St. [[Bede]] is the only man from Great Britain to achieve this designation ([[Anselm of Canterbury]], also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy</ref> by Leo XIIIEngland.

* 1840==United Kingdom of Great Britian (1707-1924 1801)==[[Image:St Pauls aerial.jpg|right|thumb|[[w:St Paul's Cathedral|StPaul's Cathedral]], London. ]]*1708 [[Arsenios w:St Paul's Cathedral|St Paul's Cathedral]], London, is consecrated, designed by [[w:Christopher Wren|Sir Christopher Wren]], seat of Cappadociathe Anglican Bp. of London, reckoned to be London's fifth ''St Paul's Cathedral'', all having been built on the same site since 604 A.D. (when the first Saxon cathedral was built by [[Mellitus]] in [[w:Anglo-Saxon London|Lundenwic]]).*1714-1837 [[w:Georgian era|Georgian Era]] prophesised that .*1738 Print 'Noon'<ref group="note">From the series entitled ''"The Church Four Times of the Day"''.</ref> by [[w:William Hogarth|William Hogarth]]<ref group="note">In Hogarth’s time the portion of the street where the church stood was called Hog Lane. It was later renamed Crown Street and was demolished when Charing Cross Road was widened.</ref> shows evidence of a crowd exiting a Greek Orthodox church.*1752 Change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, in England and Wales, Ireland and the British Isles will only begin colonies, with the passage of the "[[w:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750|Calendar (New Style) Act 1750]]".*1778 The Parliament of Great Britain enacted the [[w:Papists Act 1778|Papists Act 1778]], the first Act for Roman Catholic Relief, reversing some of the penalties imposed in [[w:Popery Act 1698|Popery Act 1698]]. *1780 The [[w:Gordon Riots|Gordon Riots]], an anti-Catholic uprising against the act of 1778, which became an excuse for widespread rioting and looting.*1791 [[w:Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford|Frederick North]], the 5th Earl of Guilford, a lifelong philhellene, converted to truly grow again when it begins the Eastern Orthodox Church and became an ardent adherent.<ref group="note">In 1824 North established the [[w:Ionian Academy|Ionian Academy]] on the island of Corfu, which was under British control. It was the first University to venerate once more its own saints"''be established in Modern Greece.</ref>

== Modern historical periodUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801-1927)==*1815-1914 [[w:Pax Britannica|Pax Britannica]].*1827 A Byzantine silk depicting the Earth and the Ocean was found in the tomb of St. [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne|Cuthbert Bp. of Lindisfarne]], when it was uncovered in May at Durham; the personified Earth is shown emerging from the waters with ducks and fishes, fishing being an allegory in Church art of apostolic mission of preaching the Gospel.*1837-1901 [[w:Victorian era|Victorian Era]].*1837 Imperial Russian Embasy offers hospitality in Finsbury Park, London to the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] community for their religious activities.*ca. 1840-1927 St. [[Arsenios of Cappadocia]] prophesised that ''"The following events require dates Church in the British Isles will only begin to be identifiedtruly grow again when it begins to venerate once more its own saints".''*1845-52 [[w:Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Irish Famine]], a period of mass starvation, disease and emigration in Ireland during which the island's population dropped by 20 to 25 percent.*1850 Greek Orthodox church built in London Street in the City.*1863-64 ''Grand Duchess "The Eastern Church Association"'' was founded in London, its purpose being to pray and work for Anglican reunion with the Eastern Church.*1866 [[British Orthodox Church (Coptic)]] is originally established, when a Frenchman, [[w:Jules Ferrette|Jules Ferrette]], was consecrated as a bishop by the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]] with the purpose of re-establishing Orthodoxy to the West.[[Image:GreekOrthodoxCathedral Bayswater London.jpg|right|thumb|Greek Orthodox Cathedral of [[w:Saint Sophia (London)|St. Sophia, Bayswater, London]].]]*1877 Greek Orthodox [[w:Saint Sophia (London)|Church of the Divine Wisdom (StSophia)]] in Bayswater built, the first [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] being celebrated on June 1, 1879, 18 months after [[w:Ralli Brothers|Eustratios Ralli]] laid the first stone. Elizabeth *1882 Greek Orthodox [[w:Saint Sophia (London)|Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St Sophia]] is consecrated by Antonios, Abp. of Corfu, being the mother church of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Greek Orthodox church in Great Britain]].*1884 [[Nicholas II of Russia]] meets Princess [[Alexandra Romanov|Alice Victoria Helen Louise Beatrix von Hessen-Darmstadt]]*1885 [[w:Revised Version|English Revised Version]] published; [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] officially removes all of [[Apocrypha]] from the Authorized [[w:Authorized King James Version|King James Bible]]. *1896 Papal bull ''[[w:Apostolicae Curae|Apostolicae Curae]]'' is issued in by Pope Leo XIII, declaring all [[w:Anglican ministry|Anglican ordinations]] to be ''"absolutely null and utterly void".''*1897 The Anglican Archbishops of Canterbury and York of the Church of England responded to the papal charges of 1896 with the encyclical ''Saepius Officio.''*1899 [[Bede]] is made a grand"Doctor of the Church"<ref group="note">The position of "Doctor of the Church" is a position of theological significance; St. [[Bede]] is the only man from Great Britain to achieve this designation ([[Anselm of Canterbury]], also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy</ref> by Leo XIII.*1901-daughter 1910 [[w:Edwardian era|Edwardian Era]].*1906 Greek Orthodox Church of Queen Victoria Saint Nicholas built in Cardiff; a new society, called ''"The Anglican and Eastern Orthodox Churches Union"'' was formed in London by a greatgroup of Anglo-aunt Catholic clergymen, whose purpose was to promote an interest in the Eastern Church among a wider circle of Anglicans and to establish personal contacts.*1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek Orthodox community churches to [[Church of Prince PhilipGreece]]; British writer, philosopher and Christian apologist [[w:G. K. Chesterton|G. K. Chesterton]] writes ''[[w:Orthodoxy (book) and St|Orthodoxy]],'' a classic of Christian [[apologetics]]. John Maximovich<ref group="note">Chesterton routinely referred to himself as an "orthodox" Christian, who have been associated and came to identify such a position with them [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] more and more, eventually converting to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism.</ref> *1914 By this time in the recent pastGreat Britain there existed four thriving Greek Orthodox Communities, all centred around a Greek Church of their own: London ([[w:Saint Sophia (London)|Saint Sophia]]), Manchester (The Annunciation), Liverpool (Saint Nicholas), and Cardiff (Saint Nicholas). *1918 The memory family of Brother LazarosTsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas]] II Romanov, killed [[Alexandra Romanov|Alexandra]] and their five children are lined up in their basement and shot.*1921 Rev. J.A. Douglas publishes ''[http://www.genuineorthodoxchurch.net/images/relationsofangli00dougiala.pdf The Relations of the Anglican Churches with the Eastern-Orthodox].''*1922 Holy Synod of the Oecumenical Patriarchate recognises the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] with London as its seat; [[Germanos (Strinopoulos) of Thyateria and Great Britain|Germonos (some would sayStrinopoulos)]], martyredformer Rector of the [[Theological School of Halki|Halki Theological Academy]], is chosen as the first Bishop and Metropolitan of Thyateira (1922-1951) within , and first Orthodox Bishop in Great Britain since the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vividNorman conquest in 1066.*1926 The [http://orientale-lumen.blogspot. Monastery com/ Society of St. John Chrysostom] is founded as a group of a group of Catholics of the Baptist Latin and Eastern Churches, along with friends in other traditions, promoting awareness and friendship in Essexthe Christian West for Christians of the East, through prayer and liturgy, conferences and lectures, which depends directly on and praying for the unity of the Oecumenical Patriarchate Churches of East and whose Founder was West.*1926 The Russian parish of the saintly Archimandrite SophronyDormition in London split into those who continued to support [[ROCOR]], a pupil and those who supported the [[Church of StRussia|Moscow Patriarchate]]. Silouanos *1927 Russian émigré lay Orthodox theologian [[w:Nicholas Zernov|Nicholas Zernov]] who was one of the founders of the Holy MountainAnglican-Orthodox ecumenical group the Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius, organized the Anglo-Russian Student Conferences of 1927 and 1928 that gave strong impetus to theological contact among English-speaking Christians and Orthodox Christians who had fled Russia after the Russian Revolution of 1917.''

==United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927-Present)==* 1906 Greek 1928 [[Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius]] is founded; the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] appointed the 38-year-old Archimandrite Nicholas (Karpov) to London.*1929 On All Saints Sunday, June 30, Archimandrite [[Nicholas (Karpov) of Saint London|Nicholas (Karpov)]] was consecrated Bishop of London (ROCOR); present at the consecration was the Grand Duchess [[:w:Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia|Xenia Alexandrovna]], the sister of the martyred [[Nicholas II of Russia|Tsar Nicholas built II]].*1933 Canon John Douglas (1868-1956) became the Secretary of the Church of England Council on Foreign Relations, whose main object in dealing with the Orthodox was to obtain from them official recognition of Anglican Orders.<ref group="note">He was only partially successful, for only three Patriarchates (those of Constantinople, Alexandria and Jerusalem, together with the Church of Cyprus) made a favourable pronouncement. Later in 1936, the Romanian Church came to a similar conclusion. The rest of the Orthodox world, in Cardiffthe absence of the Russian Church which had been silenced under the Communist regime, refrained from committing itself either way.</ref>* 1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek 1934 [[Nicholas (Gibbes)]], former English tutor of Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia, converted to Orthodox community churches Christianity, and was tonsured a [[monk]] then ordained to the [[Church Presbyter|priesthood]].*1941 Death of Greece[[w:Evelyn Underhill|Evelyn Underhill]], an English [[w:Anglo-Catholicism|Anglo-Catholic]] writer and pacifist known for her numerous works on religion and spiritual practice, in particular [[w:Christian mysticism|Christian mysticism]].* 1922 1948 HRH Princess Elizabeth, the present Queen, married the Greek Orthodox Prince Philip, the Holy Synod present Duke of Edinburgh; he was officially required to cease to be Orthodox, although he never ceased to make the Oecumenical Patriarchate recognises Orthodox sign of the cross in public; Hieromonk [[Greek Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh|Anthony (Bloom)]] was appointed Chaplain of the Anglican-Orthodox Archdiocese [[Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius]].[[Image:Sophrony8.jpg|right|thumb|Archimandrite [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]] (+1993).]][[Image:Anthony Bloom.jpg|right|thumb|Metr. [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh]], (1962-2003).]][[Image:Hinton St Mary Mosaic.jpg|right|thumb|The [[w:Hinton St Mary Mosaic|Hinton St Mary Mosaic]], mid 4th-c. AD. discovered in 1963.]]*1951 Death of [[Germanos (Strinopoulos) of Thyateira Thyateria and Great Britain|Archdiocese Germonos (Strinopoulos)]]; succeeded by Abp. [[Athenagoras I (Kavadas) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kavadas)]] with London as its seat; Germanos Strinopoulos choses as first Bishop and Metropolitan of Thyateira, (1951-1962).* 1952 Professor, lay theologian and [[Apologetics|Christian apologist]] [[C. S. Lewis]] writes ''{{Germanos was succeeded after his death [[w:Mere Christianity|Mere Christianity]],'' a classic of Christian apologetics.<ref group="note">Raised in 1951 by Archbishop Athenagoras Kavadas (1951a church-1962); after going family in the Church of Ireland, Lewis became an atheist at the age of 15, though he later paradoxically described his death young self as being "very angry with God for not existing". Influenced by Archbishop Athenagoras Kokkinakis (1963-1979) arguments with his Oxford colleague and friend [[w:J. R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkien]], and after by the book ''[[w:The Everlasting Man|The Everlasting Man]]'' by [[w:G. K. Chesterton|G. K. Chesterton]], he slowly rediscovered Christianity. After his conversion to theism in 1929, Lewis converted to Christianity in 1931. A committed Anglican, Lewis upheld a largely orthodox Anglican theology, though in his death by Archbishop Methodios Fouyias (1979-1988)apologetic writings, who he made an effort to avoid espousing any one denomination. ''[[w:Mere Christianity|Mere Christianity]]'' was replaced in April 1988 voted best book of the 20th century by the present incumbent Evangelical magazine ''[[w:Christianity Today|Christianity Today]]'' in 2000.</ref>*1957 Formation of the Archdiocese, Archbishop Gregorios Theocharous (who for Vicariate of Sergievo of the previous 18 years had been Bishop Exarchate of TropaeouWestern Europe (Moscow Patriarchate), serving in North Londonwith Hieromonk [[Anthony (Bloom)}}''of Sourozh|Anthony]] becoming Bp. of Sergievo.* 1958 Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]] seeks a monastic life in Essex of London; [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Timothy Ware]] converted from the Church of England to the Greek Orthodox Church.* 1959 Patriarchal [[Stavropegic]] [[Monastery]] of [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|St . John the Baptist]] founded by Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)|Sophrony]] in Tolleshunt Knights, Maldon, Essex under the [[jurisdiction]] of Metropolitan Metr. [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh|Anthony(Bloom)]] of [[Diocese of Sourozh|Sourozh]].* 1962 The Repose of [[Athenagoras I (Kavadas) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kavadas)]]; [[Diocese of Sourozh]] is founded by Metropolitan Metr. [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh]]; the Russian Church did not name the Diocese after British territory, so as not to upset good relations with the Church of England. *1963 Abp. [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis)]] is elected by the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] as Metropolitan of [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Thyateira and Great Britain]] (1963-1979); Timothy Ware (future Bp. [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]]) writes ''The Orthodox Church,'' a classc introduction to the riches of Orthodoxy, written for a Western audience with no prior historical connection to the Orthodox faith; a large, almost complete [[w:Hinton St Mary Mosaic|Roman mosaic]] (mid-4th century) is discovered at Hinton St Mary in the English county of Dorset, apparaently featuring a portrait bust of [[Jesus Christ]] with the [[Labarum|Chi-Rho]] symbol as its central motif, attributed to the workshop of the [[w:Durnovaria|Durnovarian]] school of mosaic art. *1964 [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Gregorios (Theocharous)]] appointed Chancellor of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira]].* 1965 [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St John the Baptist]] moved under the Ecumenical Patriarchate; [[Nicholas Couris]] ordained a priest for [[ROCOR]] in Ireland.* 1966 [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Timothy Ware]] is ordained to the priesthood and tonsured as a monk, receiving the name [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos]]; death of St. [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John Maximovitch]], Archbishop of London.*1969 Rev. Canon Dr. Michael Bourdeaux founds the [[w:Keston Institute|Keston Institute]], at Oxford, playing a key role over the years in the revival of the Russian Orthodox Church, and becoming a leading voice on religious freedom in former communist countries.*1970 [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Gregorios (Theocharous)]] consecrated [[Diocese of Tropaeou|Bishop of Tropaeou]]; [[Chrysostomos (Mavroyiannopoulos) of Kyanea|Chrysostomos (Mavroyiannopoulos)]] made auxiliary [[Bishop of Kyanea]]; acquired in 1960, [[w:St Luke's Orthodox Cathedral, Glasgow|St. Luke's Greek Orthodox Church]] in Glasgow, Scotland, is elevated to a Cathedral by the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria, [[Nicholas (Valeropoulos) VI of Alexandria|Nicholas VI (Valeropoulos)]], with the blessing of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.*1973 Anglican-Orthodox dialogue began, when the Anglican-Orthodox Joint Doctrinal Discussions (A/OJDD) held its first meeting in Oxford.* 1975 Repose Death of Metropolitan Metr. [[Nikolaos of Halkis]] in a London hospital; the Greek Orthodox community of Saint Panteleimon of Harrow is established;<ref>http://www.st-panteleimon.org/ </ref>Abp. [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis)]] publishes ''The Thyateira Confession: The Faith and Prayer of Orthodox Christians.''*1976 The first phase of the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue was concluded by the publication of ''The Moscow Agreed Statemen.'' *1977 Death of Fr. [[Nicholas Couris]]; the ''New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha - [[w:Revised Standard Version|Revised Standard Version]] (Expanded Edition)'' is published, endorsed by Abp. [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis)]] of Thyateira and Great Britain.*1977 A Diocesan Assembly formed by Metr. [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh|Anthony (Bloom)]] met for the first time, forming a committee which began work on a new set of statutes which, on Metropolitan Anthony's insistence, were intended to reflect the principles of the [[All-Russian Church Council of 1917-1918|1917-18 Local Council]] on the governance of the church; thanks to these statutes the [[laity]] were able to contribute, with the [[clergy]], at every level within the Diocese to decision-making; British composer [[John Tavener]] converted to the Russian Orthodox Church, knighted in 2000 for his services to music.* 1978 [[Diocese of Sourozh]] buys the Cathedral of the [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Dormition and All Saints]], in London's [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Ennismore Gardens]].* 1979 Bishop Death of Abp. [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis)]] succeeded by Abp. [[Methodios (Fouyias)]] (1979-1988); [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] appointed ; Bp. Kallistos (Ware) writes ''The Orthodox Way.''*1980 The Antiochian Orthodox Society is established to serve the Arabic speaking and believing community.[[Image:Kallistos Ware.jpg|right|thumb|The Most Reverend Metropolitan [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]], (1982-present).]]*ca.1980-2010 [https://www.westdean.org.uk/CollegeChannel/Tutors/TutorProfilesandWork/AidanHart.aspx Aidan Hart] becomes England's leading professional iconographer, fresco painter and illuminator, completing over 700 private and church commissions, having his works commissioned by HRH The Prince of Wales, the Cathedrals of Hereford, Lichfield and Newcastle, Hexham Abbey, [[Iviron Monastery (Athos)|Iviron Monastery]] in [[Mount Athos]], and Saint John’s Abbey USA for [[w:The Saint John's Bible|The Saint John’s Bible]].*1981 Redundant Anglican Church of St. Mary in Mary Street, Dublin handed to the Greek Orthodox Community of Dublin and Ireland, blessed and dedicated to the Holy Annunciation by Abp. [[Methodius (Fouyias) of Thyateira]], Great Britain and Ireland.* 1982 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos]] consecrated as Bishop for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Thyateira and Great Britain]]; the [[St. Edward the Martyr Orthodox Brotherhood (Surrey, England)|Church of St. Edward the Martyr]] is founded in Brookwood, Surrey, England, under the authority of Metr. Cyprian of Oropos and Fili ([[Holy Synod in Resistance]]), to care for the sacred relics of Saint [[Edward the Martyr]].*1984 The second phase of the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue was concluded with the publication of ''The Dublin Agreed Statement''.[[Image:Gregorios.jpg|right|thumb|His Eminence Abp. [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain]] (1988-present).]]*1985 With the departure of Bp. [[Constantine (Essensky) of Richmond]] in 1985, ROCOR's Diocese of Great Britian and Ireland did not receive a resident bishop, but was assigned under the [[omophorion]] of His Eminence Abp. [[Mark (Arndt) of Berlin]], also Bp. of ROCOR's German diocese (i.e. Bp. of the "Germany and Great Britain Diocese").*1988 Abp. [[Methodios (Fouyias)]] is succeeded by Abp. [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Gregorios (Theocharous)]] who is elected Abp. of [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Thyateira and Great Britain]] and enthroned at the Cathedral of Sophia in West London. *1989 The third phase of the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue began, when the commission was re-constituted as ''The International Commission for Anglican-Orthodox Theological Dialogue'' (ICAOTD), under the chairmanship of Metr. [[John (Zizioulas) of Pergamon|John of Pergamon]] and Bp. Henry Hill (succeeded in 1990 by Bp. Mark Dyer). *1990 The [[Friends of Mount Athos]] society is formed by people sharing a common interest for the monasteries of [[Mount Athos]], with Metr. [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos (Ware)]] of Diokleia being the President of the society, also including Prince Philip (Duke of Edinburgh) and Prince Charles (Prince of Wales and Heir Apparent to the British throne) among its members.*1991 The body of [[Nicholas II of Russia]] is exhumed in Yekaterinburg, Siberia.*1992 Professor [[w:Eamon Duffy|Eamon Duffy]] writes ''"[[w:The Stripping of the Altars|The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, 1400–1580]],"'' dealing with the shift in religious sensibilities in English society between 1400 and 1580.* 1993 Repose Death of Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]].*1993-95 The ''Pilgrimage to Orthodoxy'' group is formed by a body of former Anglican Priests with their parishes, who were wanting to be received as groups into the Orthodox Church; Anglican priest Fr. [[w:Michael Harper (priest)|Michael Harper]] became President of the group from 1993 to its closure in 1995.*1994 The [[British Orthodox Church (Coptic)]], originally established in 1866 as an Oriental Orthodox mission to the West, became a constituency of the [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate]], under the leadership of Metr. [[w:Metropolitan Seraphim of Glastonbury|Seraphim of Glastonbury]] and Pope [[Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria|Shenouda III]].*1995 Death of [[Philip Sherrard]], theologian; establishment of the [[July 11Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland]].* 1996 St. Aidan's Antiochian Orthodox Church in Manchester consecrated by Metropolitan [[Gabriel (CopticSaliby) ]]; [[Richard Swinburne]], Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and a very influential proponent of [[w:Natural theology|natural theology]], converted from the Church of England to the Greek Orthodox Church ; former Anglican priest Fr. [[w:Michael Harper (priest)|Michael Harper]] is appointed Dean of the [[Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland]]in Manchester April 1996, elevated to the rank of Archpriest in 2006. *1997 [[Friends of Orthodoxy on Iona]] founded; Fr. [[w:Michael Harper (priest)|Michael Harper]] writes ''[http://www.amazon.co.uk/True-Light-Pilgrimage-Orthodoxy/dp/0340678615 The True Light: A Pilgrimage to Orthodoxy] (A Faith Fulfilled - US edition).''*1998 [[Nicholas II of Russia]] and family properly laid to rest.*1999 The [http://www.iocs.cam.ac.uk/history.html Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies] is founded in the ancient university city of Cambridge with the blessing of all Orthodox hierarchs in Western Europe, being a full member of the Cambridge Theological Federation; the [[Philokalia]], Volume 4 published by Faber&Faber.*2000 [[Theodoritos (Polyzogopoulos) of Nazianzos]] elected and consecrated [[Bishop]] of Nazianzos; the council of Bishops of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] unanimously recognise [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas]], Alexandra and their five children as saints; [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira]] annual Youth Conference held at Wood Green, North London; Monachos.net <ref>Monachos: http://www.monachos.net/</ref> online discussion community set up by [[Irenaeus (Steenberg)|M.C. Steenberg]]; [http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/ByzantineStudies/ Institute of Byzantine Studies] established at Queens' University, Belfast, Ireland.*2001 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] retires.*2002 In January, [[Hilarion (Alfeyev) of Volokolamsk|Hilarion Alfeyev]] was consecrated as Bishop of Kerch, an assistant bishop for the Sourozh diocese; on July 17th, the [[Church of Russia|Patriarchate of Moscow]] moved Bp. Hilarion out of the [[Diocese of Sourozh]], to become Head of the [http://orthodoxeurope.org/ Representation of the Russian Orthodox Church to the European Institutions]; Abp. of Canterbury Dr. Rowan Williams writes ''Ponder These Things: Praying With Icons of the Virgin.''*2004 Abp. of Canterbury Dr. Rowan Williams writes ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=9vh1C7LOhJEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Dwelling of the Light: Praying with Icons of Christ].''*2005 Mission in Macclesfield dedicated to St. Theodore of Canterbury opens in September; British composer Fr. [[w:Ivan Moody|Ivan Moody]] is elected the first Chairman of the International Society for Orthodox Church Music ([http://www.isocm.com/ ISOCM]).[[Image:Fr Elisey (Ganaba) of Sourozh.jpg|right|thumb|Bp. [[Elisey (Ganaba) of Sourozh]], (2007-present).]]*2006 Bp. [[Basil (Osborne) of Amphipolis|Basil (Osborne)]] was accepted into the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on June 8 and accorded the title of ''Bishop of Amphipolis'' as head of the Episcopal [[w:Patriarchal_Exarchate_for_Orthodox_Parishes_of_Russian_Tradition_in_Western_Europe#Episcopal_Vicariate_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland|Episcopal Vicariate of Great Britain and Ireland]], within the [[Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe]]. *2007 The Holy Synod of the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] officially released Bp. [[Basil (Osborne) of Amphipolis|Basil (Osborne)]] from its jurisdiction on March 27; on December 27 the Diocese of Sourozh is reconstituted, as the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Russia]] appointed Bp. [[Elisey (Ganaba) of Sourozh|Elisey (Ganaba)]] as Bp. of Sourozh, bringing to an end the Temporary Administration of Abp. Innokenty, who was thanked for having restored peace to the Diocese; [[Diocese of Sourozh]] celebrated the 50th anniversary of the consecration of the ''Cathedral of the Dormition of the Mother of God and all Saints'' (known to Londoners simply as "[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45939 Ennismore Gardens]").*2007 The Abp. of Canterbury Dr. Rowan Williams welcomed Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] to Westminster Abbey to celebrate the publication of ''[http://www.churchtimes.co.uk/content.asp?id=32722 The Church of the Triune God: The Cyprus Agreed Statement]'', taking over 16 years to produce, concluding the third phase of the Anglican-Orthodox international theological dialogue; [[Diocese of Diokleia]] is elevated to a Metropolis and Bp. [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos (Ware)]] to Titular Metropolitan of Diokleia; death of Metr. [[Gabriel (Saliby)of Western Europe]] (Antiochian); the moves towards restoration of canonical relations between [[ROCOR]] and the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] saw the departure in January 2007 of 1) the monastic [[St. Edward the Martyr Orthodox Brotherhood (Surrey, England)|Brotherhood of St Edward in Brookwood]], 2) the Holy Annunciation Convent in Willesden, and 3) the missionary parish of St Boniface on the Isle of Wight, all for the [[Holy Synod in Resistance|Greek Orthodox Synod in Resistance]]; the Abp. of Canterbury Dr. Rowan Williams "[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1566108/Rowan-Williams-hits-out-at-atheist-Dawkins.html launched a fierce attack]" against the modern cult of atheism in a lecture singling out the eminent scientist Richard Dawkins, author of the best-selling ''The God Delusion'' and a leading Darwinist, arguing that atheists had missed the point and failed to understand what Christians really believe in.*2008 Enthronement of Metr. [[John (Yazigi) of Western Europe|John (Yazigi)]] of Western and Central Europe for the [[Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland]]; partnership between [http://www.monachos.net/content/ Monachos.net] (Patristic and Monastic website) and [[Ancient Faith Radio]], launching a series of weekly internet podcasts entitled ''"[http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/holyfathers A Word From the Holy Fathers]".''*2009 With the retirement of Bp. [[Basil (Osborne) of Amphipolis]], the [[w:Patriarchal_Exarchate_for_Orthodox_Parishes_of_Russian_Tradition_in_Western_Europe#Episcopal_Vicariate_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland|Episcopal Vicariate of Great Britain and Ireland]] became the [[Deanery of Great Britain and Ireland]], coming directly under the omophorion of Abp. [[Gabriel (de Vylder) of Komana]] ([[Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe]]); Archpastoral visitation of Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion]] of ROCOR to Great Britain; Hieromonk Fr. Michael (Mansbridge-Wood) of ROCOR stated that [[Western Rite]] was celebrated on two successive Sundays in the Russian Orthodox Cathedral of the Dormition at Chiswick in London;<ref group="note">''"The Cathedral has a Lower Church (the original) and an Upper Church - which has just been finished. They have given us the Lower Church to use for [[Western Rite]]. So we celebrate our Western Rite in the Lower Church at the same time as they celebrate the Eastern Rite in the Upper Church..."''</ref> interviewing the Rt. Rev Paul Richardson, assistant Church of England Bishop of Newcastle, ''The Daily Telegraph'' on 27 June reported that Britain is no longer a Christian nation and that the [http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/coedead.htm Church of England could die out within a generation].*2010 Death of Archpriest Fr. [[w:Michael Harper (priest)|Michael Harper]], Dean of the [[Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland]], who was one of the leaders of the [[w:Charismatic Movement|Renewal movement]] in the 1960s to 1980s before he joined the Antiochian Orthodox Church, playing a significant part in the setting up of the Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies and its inclusion as part of the Cambridge Theological Federation; the Christian manifesto ''[[w:Westminster2010|Westminster2010: Declaration of Christian Conscience]]'' is launched on [[Pascha|Easter Sunday]] in the UK; inaugural meeting of the [[Episcopal Assembly of the British Isles]] was held on June 21st at Thyateira House; second meeting of the [[Episcopal Assembly of the British Isles]] was held on December 14th at Thyateira House.

==Current historySee also==* 2000 [[Archdiocese of ThyateiraOrthodoxy in the United Kingdom]] annual Youth Conference held at Wood Green, North London, *[[April 21Western Rite]].* 2001 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of DiokleiaDifferences in Mindset among Western Rite Orthodox]] retires.* 2005 Mission [[Western Rite in Macclesfield dedicated to St. Theodore of Canterbury opens in September.the Twentieth Century]]*[[Western Rite Service Books]]*[[Anglican Communion]]* 2006 [[Episcopal Assembly of the "Sourozh" drama plays out.British Isles]]'''Timelines'''* 2007 [[Diocese Timeline of DiokleiaChurch History]] elevated to Metropolis, *[[March 30Timeline of Orthodoxy in America]]; Bishop *[[Elisey Timeline of SourozhOrthodoxy in Australia]] consecrated;:Repose *[[Timeline of Metropolitan Gabriel Saliby (Antiochian); Orthodoxy in New Zealand]] :Bishop John Yazigi elected to Metropolitanate *[[Timeline of Western and Central Europe, Orthodoxy in Greece]] *[[March 30Timeline of Orthodoxy in Russia]]* 2008 Enthronement [[Timeline of Metropolitan John (Yazigi) Orthodoxy in China]]*[[Timeline of Western and Central Europe, Orthodoxy in Japan]]*[[September 20Timeline of Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic relations]].

== 2009-Present =Othodox Churches in the British Isles===* 2009 February{| border="1" !Founded||Diocese||Jurisdiction |- |1922||[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]]||[[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] |- |1929 ??<br>1985||[http: Ordinary meeting //www.rocor.org.uk/index.html Diocese of clergy held at the Great Britian and Ireland];<br>Germany and Great Britain Diocese||[[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] |- |1962||[[Diocese of Sourozh]] at ||[[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] |- |1990 ??||[[Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Scandinavia]]||[[Church of Serbia]] |- |1994||[[British Orthodox Church (Coptic)]]||[[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)]] |- |1995||[[Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the London Cathedral, United Kingdom and Ireland]]||[[February 28Church of Antioch]].* 2009 March: |-* 2009 April:* 2009 May: |????||[[Ukrainian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozhin Western Europe]] Annual Conference ||[[May 22Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] |- |2006||[[May 25Deanery of Great Britain and Ireland|25Episcopal Vicariate of Great Britain and Ireland]] held ||[[Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Reigate, SurreyWestern Europe]] ([[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]]) |- |????||[http://www.mitropolia.eu/ro/ Church of Romania]||[[Church of Romania]] |- |????||[http://www.goclp.org.uk/eng/ London Parish of St George]||[[Church of Georgia]] |}

==See also==;Unknown dates:<small>''If you know the dates for these events, please assist us''</small>:*[[Timeline G. E. Palmer]], [[Philip Sherrard]] and [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Bishop Kallistos Ware]] translate and publish four volumes of the [[Philokalia]] into English; [[Kallistos (Ware) of Church HistoryDiokleia|Bishop Kallistos Ware]]and Mother Mary produced English translations of the [[Lenten Triodion]] and Festal [[Menaion]].:* Grand Duchess St. Elizabeth (a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and a great-aunt of Prince Philip) and St. John Maximovich, who have been associated with them in the recent past. :* The memory of Brother Lazaros, killed (some would say, martyred) within the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vivid... :* Monastery of St. John the Baptist in Essex, which depends directly on the Oecumenical Patriarchate and whose Founder was the saintly Archimandrite Sophrony, a pupil of St. Silouanos of the Holy Mountain.:* The [http://www.bai.org.uk/default.asp British Association of Iconographers] (BAI) is founded, based at the Benedictine [[w:Turvey Abbey|Turvey Abbey]] in Bedfordshire (Priory of Our Lady of Peace).<br><br><references group="note" />

[[Category:Timelines|Britain]]