View source for Timeline of Orthodoxy in the British Isles

The early Christian writers [[Tertullian]] and [[Origen]] mention the existence of a British church in the third century AD and in the fourth century British bishops attended a number of councils, such as the [[Council of Arles]] in 314 and the [[Council of Rimini]] in 359. 

The first member of the British church whom we know by name is St [[Alban]], who, tradition tells us, was martyred for his faith on the spot where St Albans Abbey now stands.

The British church was a missionary church with figures such as St Illtud, St Ninian and St Patrick evangelising in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, but the invasions by the pagan Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the fifth century seem to have destroyed the organisation of the church in much of what is now England. In 597 a mission sent by St [[Gregory the Dialogist]] and led by St [[Augustine of Canterbury]] landed in Kent to begin the work of converting these pagan peoples. 

What eventually became known as the "Church of England" <ref>The "Church of England" (the Ecclesia Anglicana - or the English Church)</ref> was the result of a combination of three traditions, that of Augustine and his successors, the remnants of the old Romano-British traditions and the Celtic tradition coming down from Scotland and associated with people like [[Aidan of Lindisfarne|St Aidan]] and [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne|St Cuthbert]].

These three traditions came together as a result of increasing mutual contact and a number of local synods, of which the [[Synod of Whitby]] in 664 has traditionally been seen as the most important. The result was an English Church, led by the two Archbishops of Canterbury and York, that was fully assimilated into the mainstream Church. This meant that it was influenced by the wider development of the Christian tradition in matters such as theology, liturgy, church architecture, and the development of monasticism. 

Regarding the British Isles, what is known about the state of the Church there at the time of the [[Great Schism]] is that subsequent to the Norman Invasion in 1066, church life was radically altered. Native clergy were replaced, liturgical reform enacted, and a strong emphasis on papal church control was propagated. As such, it is probably safe to say that, prior to 1066, the church of the British Isles was Orthodox, and the Normans brought the effects of the Great Schism to British soil. As such, it is probably proper to regard King [[Harold of England|Harold]] II as an Orthodox Christian.

It also meant that after King Harold II, the English church continued under the authority of the "[[Pope]]" and not with Orthodoxy and this article does not consider the historical development of the "Church of England" after this date.

''Orthodoxy was reintroduced by the [[Church of Greece]] and by Russia ... [to be developed] ...''

The greatest contributor towards documenting the ecclesiastical and political history of England is attested to St. [[Bede]], who completed in 731 five volumes of his best known work ''[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum|The Ecclesiastical History of England]]''.

==Pre-Roman Britain (55BC - AD43)==
*55 BC Julius Caesar's first expedition to Britain, gaining a foothold on the coast of Kent.
*54 BC Julius Caesar's second invasion of Britain, resulting in many of the native celtic tribes paying tribute and giving hostages in return for peace.<ref>The British forces are led by Cassivellaunus.</ref> <br>
*5 Rome acknowledges Cymbeline, King of the Catuvellauni, as king of Britain.

==Roman Britian: Introduction of Christianity (43-410)==
* '''Apostolic Era:''' ''According to the compilers of the [[Synaxarion]], three members of the Apostolic Church had been responsible for preaching the Gospel in Britain:''
::*[[Apostle Peter]] who, after visiting Milan, had "passed over to the island of Britain, now called England, (where) he spent many years and turned many erring Gentiles to faith in Christ";
::*[[Apostle Aristobulus]] (brother of St. [[Apostle Barnabas|Barnabas]]), who is called the Apostle of Britain and who was its first bishop; and 
::*[[Apostle Simon]] the Canaanite and Zealot. In these Islands, the Celtic Church had shone forth - especially during the glorious period known as the "[[Age of Saints]]" when its missionaries preached throughout much of Europe, becoming '[[Equals to the Apostles]]'.
::*Apocryphal legend claims that [[Joseph of Arimathea]] accompanied the [[Apostle Philip]], [[Lazarus]], [[Mary Magdalene]] & others on a preaching mission to Gaul. {{citation|Name of Apocryphal book}}.
::*[[Eusebius of Caesarea]], (AD 260-340) Bishop of Caesarea and father of ecclesiastical history wrote: ''"The Apostles passed beyond the ocean to the isles called the Britannic Isles."''
::*Ireland had been a place of refuge for monks fleeing from iconoclastic persecution; so, later, it was referred to as "the New Thebais" on account of the number of its monasteries.
*43 Roman Emperor Claudius conquers England at Richborough ([[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]]), making it part of the vast Roman Empire; London is founded.
*51 [[w:Caratacus|Caratacus]], British resistance leader is captured and taken to Rome.
*61 [[w:Boudicca|Boudicca]], queen of the Iceni, let uprising against the Roman occupiers but was defeated and killed by the Roman governor, Suetonius Paulinus.
*63 [[Joseph of Arimathea]], travels to Britain and lands in [[Glastonbury]] <ref>St. [[Apostle Philip|Philip]] sent [[Joseph of Arimathea]], with twelve disciples, to establish Christianity in the most far-flung corner of the Roman Empire: the Island of Britain. The year AD 63 is commonly given for this "event", with AD 37 sometimes being put forth as an alternative.</ref> on the first Christian mission to Britain; [[Apostle Aristobulus|Aristobulus]], consecrated as first bishop to Britain.
*ca.75-77 The Roman conquest of Britain is complete, as Wales is finally subdued; Julius Agricola is imperial governor (to 84).
*122 Construction of Hadrian's Wall.
*133 Julius Severus is sent to Palestine to crush the revolt.
*140 Romans conquer Scotland.
*ca. 155-222 [[Tertullian]] wrote that Britain had received and accepted the Gospel in his life time. <ref>[[Tertullian]] wrote that Britain had received and accepted the Gospel in his life time: ''"All the limits of the Spains, and the diverse nations of the Gauls, and the haunts of the Britons--inaccessible to the Romans, but subjugated to Christ."''</ref>
*167 Most commonly held date that Phagan and Deruvian sent by Eleutherius to convert the Britons to Christianity {{citation}}
*ca. 170-236 [[Hippolytus of Rome]] <ref>Hippolytus was considered to have been one of the most learned Christian historians and is the one who identifies the seventy whom Jesus sent in the Gospel of Saint Luke</ref> identifies [[Apostle Aristobulus]] listed in Romans 16:10 with [[Joseph of Arimathea]] and states that they ended up becoming Shepherds of Britain.
*180 Protomartyr of Wales, St. [[Dyfan of Merthyr]] martyred at Merthyr Dyfan, Wales, [[May 14]].
*208 [[Tertullian]] writes that Christ has followers on the far side of the Roman wall in Britain where Roman legions have not yet penetrated. 
*283-305 Protomartyr of England, St. [[Alban]] <ref>The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles list the year of St. Alban's execution as 283 not as 305.</ref><ref>St. Alban is first mentioned in "Acta Martyrum", and also by Constantius of Lyon in his Life of St. Germanus of Auxerre, written about 480</ref>, [[June 22]].
*304 Repose of [[Amphibalus]] at Verulamium (St Albans), Hertfordshire, [[June 25]]; [[Julius and Aaron]] <ref>The earliest authority for their existence is St. [[Gildas]] in ''De Excidio Britanniae''.</ref> martyred at Caerleon, Britain, [[July 1]] under the persecutions of the Emperor Diocletian; Socrates and Stephanus martyred in Monmouthsire, [[September 17]] under the persecutions of the Emperor Diocletian <ref>Ss. Socrates and Stephanus appear in the ''Martyrologion Hieronymianum MS.50 from Trinity College, Dublin (11th-century) and one of the earliest amplifications of Bede's martyrology. Tradition holds them to be disciples of St. [[Amphibalus]].</ref>
*307 The Church in Britain enjoys peace from the persecutions
*313 "Edict of Toleration" (Milan), Christianity is made legal throughout the empire.
*314 [[Council of Arles]], for the first time, three British bishops attend a council.
*325 [[First Ecumenical Council]] of Nicea convened by the Roman Emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]].
*337 Constantine received "Christian" baptism on his deathbed. Joint rule of Constantine's three sons: Constantine II (to 340); Constans (to 350); Constantius (to 361)
*350 [[Ninian]] establishes the church Candida Casa at Whithorn in Galloway, Scotland, beginning the missionary effort to the Picts. 
*380 Pelagius <ref>St. Jerome suggests that this Pelagius was of Scottish descent but in such terms that it is uncertain as to whether he was from Scotland or Ireland. He is also frequently referred to as a British monk and Augustine has been documented as referring to him as "Brito" to distinguish him from Pelagius of Tarentum.</ref> enters Britain from Rome and introduces the Heresy of Pelagianism.<ref>http://www.seanmultimedia.com/Pie_Pelagius_Synod_Lydda_415AD.html </ref>
*383 ''Rome appoints Magnus Maximus as emperor in Britain while conquering Gaul, Spain and Italy''
*390 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] born at Kilpatrick, Scotland.
*395 ''Death of Theodosius, the last emperor to rule an undivided empire, leaving Arcadius, emperor in the East and his other son, Honorius, emperor in the West; the office of Roman Emperor changes from a position of absolute power to one of being merely a head of state.''
*403 Abduction of [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] to Ireland to serve as a slave; [[Victricius of Rouen|Victricius]], Bishop of Rouen, visits Britain for the purpose of bringing peace to the island's clergy, who were in dispute over the [[Pelagian heresy]].
*406 Invasion of Gaul by Germanic tribes, severing contact between Rome and Britain <ref>In early January, 406, a combined barbarian force (Suevi, Alans, Vandals & Burgundians) swept into central Gaul, severing contact between Rome and Britain. In autumn 406, the remaining Roman army in Britain decided to mutiny. One Marcus was proclaimed emperor in Britain, but was immediately assassinated.</ref>.
*410 Escape of [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] back to Britain; Emperor Honorious recalls the last legions from Britain; Britain gains "independence" from Rome <ref>Emperor Honorius tells Britain to attend to its own affairs, effectively removing the Roman presence.</ref>; The Goths, under Alaric, sack Rome''
<!----
:'''Dates Required''' ''These events have been referenced in St. Bede's Ecclesiastical History and require to be edited into this period of British history with dates. Help is welcome:''
::Caius Julius Caesar, the first Roman that came into Britain 
::Claudius, the second of the Romans who came into Britain, brought the Islands Orcades into subjection to the Roman Empire; and Vespian, sent by him, reduced the Isle of Wight under their dominion 
::Lucius, king of Britain, writing to St. Eleutherus, desires to be made a Christian 
::How the Emperor Severus divided that part of Britain, which he subdued, from the rest by a rampart 
::The reign of Diocletian, and how he persecuted the Christians 
::How, in the reign of Arcadius, Pelagius, a Briton, insolently impugned the grace of God 
::How, during the reign of Honorus, Gratian and Constantine were created tyrants in Britain; and soon after the former was slain in Britain, and the latter in Gaul 
::The Britons, being ravaged by the Scots and Picts, sought succor from the Romans, who, coming a second time, built a wall across the island; but the Britons being again invaded by the aforesaid enemies, were reduced to greater distress than before
---->

==Early British Kingdoms: Era of Celtic Missionaries (410-597)==
*410 ''Probable end of Roman occupation of Britain''; Pelagian is driven out of Britain by the Goths of Alaric and moves to Palestine.
*412 [[Patrick of Ireland]] has a vision of God informing him that he will leave for Ireland.
*415 ''Pelagianism is attacked at the [[Council of Diospolis]]''
*418 ''Pelagianism is condemned at the [[Council of Carthage]]'' 
*419 King [[Brychan of Brecknock]] born, circa 419, in South Wales. 
*429 [[Celestine of Rome|Celestine I]] dispatches prominent Gallo-Roman Bishops [[Germanus of Auxerre]] and Lupus of Troyes to Britain as missionary bishops and to combat the [[Pelagianism|Pelagian]] heresy.
*430 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] ordained by St. [[Germannus of Auxerre|Germannus]], Bishop of Auxerre.
*431 [[Augustine]] and Pelagius;
*432 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] sent from Aesir in Gaul to mission to Ireland.
*440 [[Materiana]] born in Gwent of Wales.
*445 Founding of monastery at Armagh in northern Ireland.
*447 [[Germannus of Auxerre|Germannus]] returns to Britain with Severus and heals a lame youth, condemns Pelagian heretics.
*450 First monasteries established in Wales; Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britian.
*455  Germanic Saxons and Angles conquer Britain, founding several independent kingdoms. 
*459 Repose of [[Auxilius of Ireland]]<ref> St. [[Auxilius of Ireland]]: The date of death is also given as 454 or 455, see Sabine Baring-Gould, ''The Lives of the Saints'' (J. Hodges, 1898), 275.</ref>
*461 Repose of the Holy Hierarch St. [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], the Apostle of Ireland, at Saul, Downpatrick, Ireland [[March 17]] <ref>When he came to Ireland, as its enlightener, it was a pagan country; when he ended his earthly life some thirty years later, about 461, the Faith of Christ was established in every corner." (Great Horologion) The work of St Patrick and his brethren has been called the most successful single missionary venture in the history of the Church.</ref>
*484 [[Brendan the Navigator]] born at Tralee in Kerry, Ireland.
*490 [[Brigid of Kildaire]] founds monastery of Kildare in Ireland.
*493 [[Gildas the Wise]] born in the lower valley of the Clyde in central Scotland <ref>The date of St. [[Gildas the Wise|Gildas']] birth can only tentatively be placed to the decades either side of the beginning of the Sixth Century. St. [[Bede]] indirectly suggests the year 493 for this event and this is the date adopted for this article.</ref>.
*521 Birth of [[Columba of Iona]].
*525 Repose of St. [[Brigid of Kildaire]], [[February 1]]; [[Gildas the Wise]] studies under St. [[Illtyd]] and travels to Ireland with [[David of Wales]] and [[Cadoc]], here he is ordained to the priesthood.
*530 [[Brendan the Navigator]] lands in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing a short-lived community of Irish monks. 
*540 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] appointed bishop to Strathclyde Britons (modern Glasgow).
*545 [[Synod of Brefi]] at Llandewi Brefi in Wales condemns [[Pelagianism]]; Saint [[David of Wales]] moved the Primatial See of Britain from Caerleon to Menevia (St. Davids's). 
*546 [[Columba of Iona|Columba]] founds monastery of Derry in Ireland.
*547 Saint [[David of Wales]] does obeisance to the Patriarch of Jerusalem.
*550 Repose of St. [[Jarlath of Tuam]], first Bishop of Tuam, [[June 6]]; [[Aed of Ferns]] born at Inisbrefny, Ireland.
*553 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]], Bishop of Glasgow and Strathclyde exiled by pagans fleeing to Menevia, Wales.
*556 [[Columba of Iona|Columba]] founds monastery of Durrow in Ireland.
*557 [[Brendan the Navigator]] founds monastery at Clonfert, Ireland. 
*560 [[Gildas the Wise]] returns to Ireland at the invitation of King Ainmeric.
*563 [[Columba of Iona|Columba]] arrives on [[Iona]] and establishes monastery there, founding mission to the Picts. 
*564 Death of [[Petroc]]. 
*569 [[David of Wales]] holds [[Synod of Victoria]] to re-assert the anti-Pelagian decrees of Brefi. 
*570 Repose of [[Gildas the Wise]], [[January 29]], his relics allowed to drift; relics of [[Gildas the Wise]] recovered and translated to the church in Rhuys, [[April 29]].
*573 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] returns to Scotland after exile; Kentigern evangelises Galloway and Cumberland.
*580 [[Aedan of Ferns]] returns to Ireland after studying under [[David of Wales|St. David]] in Wales.
*581 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] returns to Glasgow.
*577 Repose of St. [[Brendan the Navigator]], [[May 16]].
*587 Repose of [[David of Wales]], [[March 1]].
*597 Repose of [[Columba of Iona]], enlightener of Scotland, [[June 9]].

==Anglo-Saxon England: The English Orthodox Church (597-1066)==
'' According to historians, during this period St. [[Non of Wales|Non]], the mother of St. [[David of Wales]], and the daughter of the nobleman Cynyr of Caer Goch of Pembrokeshire, reposed and St. [[Materiana of Cornwall]], [[April 9]], reposed early 6th-century at Minster of Cornwall.''
*597 [[Gregory the Great]] sends [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]] <ref>Saint Augustine of Canterbury is also called the "Apostle to the English".</ref> and forty monks to Britain to convert the [[w:Kingdom of Kent|Kingdom of Kent]]; [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]] first preaches in the Isle of Thanet to King Ethelbert, receiving license to enter the Kingdom of Kent; King Ethelbert is converted and on Christmas day 10,000 of the king's subjects were baptized; Augustine was consecrated Abp. at Arles, and establishes the See of Canterbury.
*598 Brandon mac Echac (d. 603) convence a synod at which the [[Diocese of Ferns]] is made an episcopal see and [[Aedan of Ferns]] is made the first Bishop; Glastonbury Abbey founded; the Church in the British Isles numbers 120 bishops, hundreds of monasteries and parishes organized under a Primate with his See at Menevia. 
* 7th century ''Celtic missions are launched in Northumbria (Aidan, Cuthbert).''
*601 Death of [[David of Wales]], Bishop of Menevia; [[Gregory the Great|Gregory]] sends the ''St Augustine Gospels'' to [[Augustine of Canterbury]]<ref> The "St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in existence.</ref>
*602 [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]] repares the church of our Saviour and builds the monastery of St. Peter the Apostle, "Peter" is the first abbot of the same.
*603 Repose of [[Kentigern of Glasgow]], [[January 11]]; Ethelfrid, king of the Northumbrians, having vanquished the nations of the Scots, expels them from the territories of the English.
*604 First Bishop of London, [[Mellitus of Canterbury|Mellitus]] consecrated by [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]] in the province of East Saxons; Repose of Saint [[Augustine of Canterbury]] "Apostle to the English" [[May 26]]; Saint [[Laurence of Canterbury]] consecrated as the second Archbishop of Canterbury; Bp. [[Mellitus of Canterbury|Mellitus]] founded the first [[w:St Paul's Cathedral|St. Paul's Cathedral]], traditionally said to be on the site of an old Roman Temple of Diana (although [[w:Christopher Wren|Christopher Wren]] in the 17th c. found no evidence of this). 
*612 Repose of [[Dubricius of Caerleon]], Archbishop of Caerleon and Wales, [[November 14]].
*618 Repose of abbot Donnan & his monk companions in Eigg, [[April 17]].
*619 Repose of [[Laurence of Canterbury]], [[February 3]]; [[Mellitus of Canterbury|Mellitus]] consecrated as third Archbishop of Canterbury.
*624 Repose of [[Mellitus of Canterbury|Mellitus]], first Bishop of London, [[April 24]].
*628 [[Benedict Biscop]] born in Northumbria.
*630 [[Audrey of Ely]] born in West Suffolk.
*632 Repose of [[Aed of Ferns]], <ref>A bronze reliquary in which the relics of St. [[Aed of Ferns]] are kept is currently preserved in Dublin.</ref> Bishop of Ferns in Ireland, [[January 31]].
*635 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne|Cuthbert]] born in Britain.
*640 Repose of [[Beuno the Wonderworker]], Abbot of Clynnog, [[April 21]] <ref>St. [[Beuno the Wonderworker]], Abbot of Clynnog, was uncle to St. [[Winefride of Treffynon]], [[November 3]], whom he also restored to life.</ref>.
*647 Repose of [[Felix of Burgundy]], Apostle of East Anglia, [[March 8]].
*650 ([[Fursey of Lagny]], [[January 7]]) {{citation}}
*651 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] witnesses the soul of St. [[Aidan of Lindisfarne]] reposing as a light in the night sky and leaves for Melrose Abbey to become a monk; Repose of St. [[Aidan of Lindisfarne]], enlightener of Northumbria of Northern England, [[August 31]].
*653 [[Benedict Biscop]] and [[Wilfred the Elder]] set off to visit Rome.
*661 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] and [[Eata]] join a monastery at Ripon.
*664 [[Synod of Whitby]]; [[Cuthbert]] stricken by the great pestilence; repose of St. [[Boisil]], abbot of Melrose Abbey, Scotland, [[February 23]] <ref>Almost all that is known of St. Boisol or Boswell, is learn from St. [[Bede]] (Eccles. Hist., IV, xxvii, and Vita Cuthberti).</ref>.
*668 [[Gerald of Mayo]] follows [[Colman]] and settles in Innisboffin.
*669 [[Theodore of Tarsus]] arrives in Kent at the age of seven.
*670 [[Colman]] founds an English monastery, separate to the irish, the "Mayo of the Saxons"<ref>The Mayo (Magh Eo, the yew plain), known as "Mayo of the Saxons". St. [[Bede]] writes of this monastery: "This monastery is to this day (731) occupied by English monks... and contains an exemplary body who gathered there from England, and live by the labour of their own hands (after the manner of the early Fathers), under a rule and canonical abbot, leading chaste and single lives."</ref>, with [[Gerald of Mayo]] as the first abbot.
*672 Repose of [[Chad of Lichfield]] and Mercia, [[March 2]].
*673 Historian [[Bede]] born.
*675 Repose of Ethelburgh, first abbess of the Convent of Barking
*676 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne|Cuthbert]] becomes a solitary on Farne Island.
*679 Repose of [[Audrey of Ely]].
*680 Repose of [[Botolph of Iken]], [[June 17]]; Repose of St. [[Hilda of Whitby]], [[November 17]]; Sussex is the last part of England to be converted to Christianity.
*681 Repose of [[Caedmon]], [[February 11]] <ref>Cædmon is said to have taken holy orders at an advanced age and it is implied that he lived at Streonæshalch at least in part during Hilda’s abbacy (657–680). Book IV Chapter 25 of the Historia ecclesiastica appears to suggest that Cædmon’s death occurred at about the same time as the fire at Coldingham Abbey, an event dated in the E text of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to 679, but after 681 by Bede.</ref>
*685 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] consecrated Bishop of Lindisfarne, [[March 26]], by St. [[Theodore of Tarsus|Theodore]]
*686 Repose of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]], [[March 20]].
*689 Repose of [[Benedict Biscop]], abbot, in Wearmouth, Co Durham, [[January 12]].
*690 Repose of [[Theodore of Tarsus]], eighth [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[September 19]]
*694 Repose of Sebbe, founder of the monastery of Westiminster.
*693 Repose of Erconwald, Bishop of London.
*696 Incorrupt body of [[Audrey of Ely]] found.
*697 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resigns as abbot of the "Mayo of the Saxons" in favour of St. Adamnan; Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] revealed to be incorrupt.
*703 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resumes the abbacy of the "Mayo of the Saxons".
*709 Repose of [[Wilfrid]], Bishop of Hexham, [[April 24]].
*714 Repose of [[Guthlac of Crowland]], the hermit, [[April 11]].
*716 Repose of [[Donald of Ogilvry]], confessor of Scotland, [[July 15]]..
*731 repose of [[Gerald of Mayo|Gerald]], Bishop of Mayo and english monk, [[March 13]]; [[Bede]] writes ''"[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|The Ecclesiastical History of the English People]]"'''
*735 Repose of Venerable [[Bede]], [[May 25]].
'''Viking Age (793-1066)'''
*869 King [[Edmund the Martyr|Edmund of East Anglia]], martyred [[November 20]].
*870 Repose of Ss. Beocca and Hethor, the two martyrs of Chertsey.
*890 [[Bede]]'s ''[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum|Ecclesiastical History]]'' was translated into Old English at the insistence of [[Alfred the Great]].
*899 Repose of King [[Alfred the Great]], [[October 26]].
*903 Relics of King [[Alfred the Great]] <ref>Considered a local Saint by the Orthodox church of England but not formally canonised.</ref> translated to New Minster Abbey.
*934 Death of [[Birnstan of Winchester]].
*935 Relics of St. [[Branwallader]] (or [[Brelade]] translated by King Athelstan to Milton Abbey <ref>The proper name of Milton Abbey is the Abbey Church of St. Mary, St. Samson and St. Branwalader.</ref>.
*955 Repose of King [[Edred of England]], [[November 23]].
*988 Repose of St. [[Dunstan of Canterbury]], Bishop of London.
*ca.988-1023 The "[http://www.archive.org/details/bosworthsalter00gasquoft Bosworth Psalter]" is compiled at Canterbury, including a calendar of the Orthodox Church from among the Saints of Western, especially English origin who reposed before the West fell away from Orthodoxy.
*1002 Repose of St. Wulsin, renewer of the Monastery of St. Peter. 
*1012 Repose of St. [[Alphege]], Archbishop of Canterbury martyred to the east of London at Greenwich, [[April 19]].
*1030 Relics of St. [[Boisil]] (Boswell), Prior of Melrose (+661), are translated to Durham Cathedral by the priest Ælfred.

==Roman Catholic Period (1066-1534)==
===Anglo-Norman Britain: Latin Continental Ecclesiology Formalized (1066-1154)===
*1066 Repose of the last Orthodox King of England, [[Harold of England]], [[October 14]].
*1072 On October 15, the last English Orthodox bishop, [[Ethelric of Durham]], after anathematizing the Pope, died in prison at Westminster.
*1104 Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] translated <ref>His [St. [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]]] body was still found to be untouched by decay, giving off "an odour of the sweetest fragrancy", and "from the flexibility of its joints representing a person asleep rather than dead.</ref> from Lindisfarne to Durham Cathedral, [[September 4]].
*ca.1136 [[w:Geoffrey of Monmouth|Geoffrey of Monmouth]] writes his chronicle ''[[w:Historia Regum Britanniae|Historia Regum Britanniae]]'' ("History of the Kings of Britain").

===Plantaganet Era (1154-1485)===
:''This period witnessed the continual struggle between the English Kings and the Church in Rome for the legal high ground.''
*1170 Abp. of Canterbury [[w:Thomas Becket|Thomas Becket]] is assassinated in December in Canterbury Cathedral, after having excommunicated the Abp. of York and the Bps. of London and Salisbury, who had held the coronation of Henry the Young King in York in June, in breach of Canterbury's privilege of coronation.
*1202-04 Nobleman [[w:Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester]] achieved prominence in the [[Fourth Crusade]].
*1215 [[w:Magna Carta|Magna Carta]] is issued, arguably the most significant early influence on the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law and democracy today in the English speaking world.
*1221 The [[w:Dominican Order|Dominican Friars]] (known as Black Friars) arrive in England, appearing in Oxford.
*1265 [[w:Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester]] calls the first English parliament.
*1295  King Edward I summons the [[w:Model Parliament|Model Parliament]], including members of the clergy and the aristocracy, as well as representatives from the various counties and boroughs.
*1337-1453 [[w:Hundred Years' War|Hundred Years' War]] between England and France.
*1349 Death of [[w:Richard Rolle|Richard Rolle]], English religious writer and mystic, Bible translator, and hermit.
*1393 [[w:Julian of Norwich|Julian of Norwich]], thought of as one of the greatest English mystics, writes ''[[w:Revelations of Divine Love|The Sixteen Revelations of Divine Love]]'', chronicling her prolonged states of ecstasy when she saw visions of the sufferings of Christ and of the Trinity.
*1438 [[w:Margery Kempe|Margery Kempe]],a "religious enthusiast"<ref>[[w:Margery Kempe|Margery Kempe]] (ca.1373-ca.1439) stands very much alone in the English mystical tradition. Indeed, she is thought by some to be outside this tradition because of the lack of depth in her revelations, the highly personal level of her visions, and the extremes of her behaviour. If she is a mystic, it is certainly not in the same sense as her better known contemporaries such as [[w:Richard Rolle|Richard Role]] or [[w:Julian of Norwich|Julian of Norwich]].</ref> and laywoman, completes her autobiography ''The Book of Margery Kempe'', chronicling her spiritual experiences, visions, and extensive pilgrimages to various holy sites in Europe.
*1453 The Hundred Years War ends, England loses all its territory in France except for Calais.
*1455-1485 [[w:Wars of the Roses|Wars of the Roses]], a series of dynastic civil wars between supporters of the rival houses of Lancaster and York, for the throne of England. 
*1476 [[w:William Caxton|William Caxton]] introduces the printing press into England, setting up a press at Westminster; the first book known to have been issued there was an edition of Chaucer's ''Canterbury Tales.''

===Tudor Era (1485-1603)===
*

==English Reformation (1534-1660)==
*
'''Elizabethan Era (1558-1603)'''<br>
*1564-1660 The Era of Puritanism.

'''Jacobean Era (1603-1625)'''<br>
*1603-1714 Stuart Age: Civil War and Revolution.

'''Caroline Era (1625-1642)'''<br>
*

'''Interregnum: Commonwealth of England (1649-1660)'''<br>
:''Anglicanism was disestablished and outlawed, and in its place, Presbyterian ecclesiology was introduced in place of the episcopate. In addition, the 39 Articles were replaced with the Westminster Confession, and the Book of Common Prayer was replaced by the Directory of Public Worship.''
*

==English (Stuart) Restoration (1660-1689): Orthodox Presence Re-established==
:''Anglicanism was restored in a form not far removed from the Elizabethan version. However the ideal of encompassing all the people of England in one religious organisation, which was taken for granted by the Tudors, had to be abandoned. The religious landscape of England assumed its present form; the Anglican was the established church occupying the middle ground; Roman Catholics and those Puritans and Protestants who dissented from the Anglican establishment, too strong to be suppressed altogether, had to continue their existence outside the National Church rather than controlling it.''
*1670 [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] established by priest [[Daniel Voulgaris]] first Greek Orthodox Community in London, re-establishing an Orthodox presence in Great Britain. 
*1676 Arrival of [[Joseph Georgerines]], Archbisop of Samos.
*1677 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" erected for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] <ref>''"In the year of salvation 1677 this Temple was erected for the nation of the Greeks, the Most Serene Charles II being King, and the Roual Prince Lord James being commander of the foreces, the Right Reverend Lord Henry Compton being Bishop, at the expense of the above and other Bishops and Nobles and with the concurrence of our Humility of Samos Joseph Georgeirenes, from the island of Melos."'' - Inscription from tablet carved in Greek preserved on the west wall of the church Charing Cross Road. This site is now occupied by St Mary's of Kenton a non-Orthodox denomination.</ref>
*1684 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" confiscated and handed over to Huguenot refugees from France. [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] forced to worship for the next 150 years in the Imperial Russian Embassy.
*1688 The [[w:Glorious Revolution|Glorious Revolution]] (Revolution of 1688), overthrew King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by William III of Orange-Nassau.
*1689 ''[[w:Act of Toleration 1689|Act of Toleration]],'' partially restores civil rights to Nonconformists who dissented from the Church of England, such as Baptists and Congregationalists, allowing them their own places of worship and their own teachers and preachers, subject to acceptance of certain oaths of allegiance; however this did not include Roman Catholics, Quakers or non-trinitarians. 

==The Revolution Entrenched (1689-1707)==
*

==United Kingdom of Great Britian (1707-1801)==
*
'''Georgian Era (1714-1837)'''
*1738 Print 'Noon' <ref>From the series entitled "The Four Times of the Day"</ref> by William Hogarth <ref>In Hogarth’s time the portion of the street where the church stood was called Hog Lane. It was later renamed Crown Street and was demolished when Charing Cross Road was widened.</ref> shows evidence of a crowd exiting a Greek Orthodox church.

==United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801-1927)==
*1827 A Byzantine silk depicting the Earth and the Ocean was found in the tomb of St. [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne|Cuthbert Bp. of Lindisfarne]], when it was opened in May at Durham; the personified Earth is shown emerging from the waters with ducks and fishes, fishing being an allegory in Church art of apostolic mission of preaching the Gospel.
'''Victorian Era (1837-1901)'''
*1837 Imperial Russian Embasy offers hospitality in Finsbury Park, London to the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] community for their religious activities.
*ca. 1840-1927 St. [[Arsenios of Cappadocia]] prophesised that ''"The Church in the British Isles will only begin to truly grow again when it begins to venerate once more its own saints".''
*1850 Greek Orthodox church built in London Street in the City.
*1868 [[Nicholas II of Russia|Tsar Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov]] born [[May 6]].
*1877 Greek Orthodox Church of the Divine Wisdom (St Sophia) in Bayswater built.
*1884 [[Nicholas II of Russia]] meets Princess [[Alexandra Romanov|Alice Victoria Helen Louise Beatrix von Hessen-Darmstadt]]
*1899 [[Bede]] is made a "Doctor of the Church" <ref>The position of "Doctor of the Church" is a position of theological significance; St. [[Bede]] is the only man from Great Britain to achieve this designation ([[Anselm of Canterbury]], also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy</ref> by Leo XIII.

'''Edwardian Era (1901-1910)'''<br>
*1906 Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas built in Cardiff.
*1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek Orthodox community churches to [[Church of Greece]].
*1914 By this time in Great Britain there existed four thriving Greek Orthodox Communities, all centred around a Greek Church of their own: London (Saint Sophia), Manchester (The Annunciation), Liverpool (Saint Nicholas), and Cardiff (Saint Nicholas). 
*1918 The family of Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas]], [[Alexandra Romanov|Alexandra]] and their five children are lined up in their basement and shot, [[July 16]].

==United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927-Present)==
*1922 Holy Synod of the Oecumenical Patriarchate recognises the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] with London as its seat; [[Germanos (Strinopoulos) of Thyateria and Great Britain|Germonos (Strinopoulos)]], former Rector of the Halki Theological Academy, is chosen as the first Bishop and Metropolitan of Thyateira.
*1941 Death of [[w:Evelyn Underhill|Evelyn Underhill]], an English [[w:Anglo-Catholicism|Anglo-Catholic]] writer and pacifist known for her numerous works on religion and spiritual practice, in particular [[w:Christian mysticism|Christian mysticism]].
*1948 HRH Princess Elizabeth, the present Queen, married the Greek Orthodox Prince Philip, the present Duke of Edinburgh; he was officially required to cease to be Orthodox, although he never ceased to make the Orthodox sign of the cross in public.
*1951 Death of [[Germanos (Strinopoulos) of Thyateria and Great Britain|Germonos (Strinopoulos)]]; Succeeded by Abp. [[Athenagoras (Cavadas) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Cavadas)]]. 
*1958 Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]] seeks a monastic life in Essex of London.
*1959 Patriarchal [[Stavropegic]] [[Monastery]] of [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|St. John the Baptist]] founded by Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)|Sophrony]] in Tolleshunt Knights, Maldon, Essex under the [[jurisdiction]] of Metr. [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh|Anthony (Bloom)]] of [[Diocese of Sourozh|Sourozh]].
*1962 Repose of [[Athenagoras (Cavadas) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Cavadas)]]; [[Diocese of Sourozh]] is founded by Metr. [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh]].
*1964 [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Gregorios (Theocharous)]] appointed Chancellor of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira]].
*1965 [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St John the Baptist]] moved under the Ecumenical Patriarchate; [[Nicholas Couris]] ordained a priest for [[ROCOR]] in Ireland.
*1966 Repose of St. [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John Maximovitch]], Archbishop of London [[July 2]].
*1970 [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Gregorios (Theocharous)]] consecrated [[Diocese of Tropaeou|Bishop of Tropaeou]], [[December 12]]; [[Chrysostomos (Mavroyiannopoulos) of Kyanea|Chrysostomos (Mavroyiannopoulos)]] made auxiliary [[Bishop of Kyanea]], [[December 19]]; acquired in 1960, [[w:St Luke's Orthodox Cathedral, Glasgow|St. Luke's Greek Orthodox Church]] in Glasgow, Scotland, is elevated to a Cathedral by the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria, Nicholaos VI, with the blessing of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
*1975 Repose of Metr. [[Nikolaos of Halkis]] in a London hospital; the Greek Orthodox community of Saint Panteleimon of Harrow is established.<ref>http://www.st-panteleimon.org/ </ref>
*1977 Death of Fr. [[Nicholas Couris]].
*1978 [[Diocese of Sourozh]] buys the Cathedral of the [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Dormition and All Saints]], in London's [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Ennismore Gardens]].
*1979 Repose of Abp. [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis)]] succeeded by Abp. [[Methodios (Fouyias)]]; [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] appointed.
*1980 The Antiochian Orthodox Society is established to serve the Arabic speaking and believing community.
*1981 Redundant Anglican Church of St. Mary in Mary Street, Dublin handed to the Greek Orthodox Community of Dublin and Ireland, blessed and dedicated to the Holy Annunciation by Abp. [[Methodius (Fouyias]] of Thyateira, Great Britain and Ireland, [[May 24]].
*1982 [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] consecrated as Bishop for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Thyateira and Great Britain]].
*1988 Abp. [[Methodios (Fouyias)]] is succeeded by Abp. [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Gregorios (Theocharous)]] who is elected Abp. of [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Thyateira and Great Britain]] and enthroned at the Cathedral of Sophia in West London, [[April 16]]. 
*1990 The [[w:Mount_Athos#The_Friends_of_Mount_Athos|Friends of Mount Athos]] society is formed by people sharing a common interest for the monasteries of [[Mount Athos]], with Metr. [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos (Ware)]] of Diokleia being the President of the society, also including Prince Philip (Duke of Edinburgh) and Prince Charles (Prince of Wales and Heir Apparent to the British throne) among its members.
*1991 The body of [[Nicholas II of Russia]] is exhumed in Yekaterinburg, Siberia.
*1993 Death of Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]], [[July 11]].
*1995 Death of [[Philip Sherrard]], theologian [[May 30]].
*1996 St. Aidan's Antiochian Orthodox Church in Manchester consecrated by Metropolitan [[Gabriel (Saliby)]].
*1997 [[Friends of Orthodoxy on Iona]] founded.
*1998 [[Nicholas II of Russia]] and family properly laid to rest.
*1999 The [[Philokalia]], Volume 4 published by Faber&Faber.
*2000 [[Theodoritos (Polyzogopoulos) of Nazianzos]] elected and consecrated [[Bishop]] of Nazianzos; the council of Bishops of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] unanimously recognise [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas]], Alexandra and their five children as saints; [[Archdiocese of Thyateira]] annual Youth Conference held at Wood Green, North London, [[April 21]]; Monachos.net <ref>Monachos: http://www.monachos.net/</ref> online discussion community set up by M.C. Steenberg.
*2001 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] retires.
*2005 Mission in Macclesfield dedicated to St. Theodore of Canterbury opens in September.
*2006 The "Sourozh" drama plays out; on 8 June Bp. [[Basil (Osborne) of Amphipolis|Basil (Osborne)]] was accepted into the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and accorded the title of ''Bishop of Amphipolis'' as head of the [[Episcopal Vicariate of Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Great Britain and Ireland]]. 
*2007 [[Diocese of Diokleia]] is elevated to a Metropolis, [[March 30]], and Bp. [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos (Ware)]] to Titular Metropolitan of Diokleia; Bp. [[Elisey of Sourozh]] consecrated; the Holy Synod of the Moscow Patriarchate officially released Bp. [[Basil (Osborne) of Amphipolis|Basil (Osborne)]] from its jurisdiction on March 27.
:Repose of Metropolitan Gabriel Saliby (Antiochian); 
:Bp. John Yazigi elected to Metropolitanate of Western and Central Europe, [[March 30]] 
*2008 Enthronement of Metr. [[John (Yazigi) of Western Europe|John (Yazigi)]] of Western and Central Europe, [[September 20]] for the [[Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland]]; Monachos.net, in partnership with Ancient Faith Radio, launch weekly internet podcasts "A Word From the Holy Fathers", [[December 1]].
*2009 Ordinary meeting of clergy held at the [[Diocese of Sourozh]] at the London Cathedral, [[February 28]]; [[Diocese of Sourozh]] Annual Conference [[May 22]]-[[May 25|25]] held in Reigate, Surrey.

==Notes==
<small>
*Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.   
*The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.   
*This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the [[Orthodox Church]], though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.
</small>

;Unknown dates:
<small>''If you know the dates for these events, please assist us''</small>
:[[G. E. Palmer]], [[Philip Sherrard]] and [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Bishop Kallistos Ware]] translate and publish four volumes of the [[Philokalia]] into English; [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Bishop Kallistos Ware]] and Mother Mary produced English translations of the [[Lenten Triodion]] and [[Festal Menaion]].
:Grand Duchess St. Elizabeth (a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and a great-aunt of Prince Philip) and St. John Maximovich, who have been associated with them in the recent past. 
:The memory of Brother Lazaros, killed (some would say, martyred) within the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vivid... 
:Monastery of St. John the Baptist in Essex, which depends directly on the Oecumenical Patriarchate and whose Founder was the saintly Archimandrite Sophrony, a pupil of St. Silouanos of the Holy Mountain.

==See also==
*[[Timeline of Church History]]

==External links==

'''Greek Orthodox Church in Great Britain'''
* [http://www.thyateira.org.uk/ Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain] - Orthodoxy in the British Isles
* [http://www.anastasis.org.uk/ ANASTASIS]. The web pages of Archimandrite Ephrem Lash.

'''Russian Orthodox Church in Great Britain'''
* [http://www.sourozh.org/web/Welcome Diocese of Sourozh] under the Patriarchate of Moscow
* [http://www.ireland.ru/ Russian Orthodox Church in Ireland]

'''Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Western and Central Europe'''
* http://www.antiochgreekorth.co.uk/
* http://www.antiochian-orthodox.co.uk/index.html 
* http://www.london.antiochian.org.uk/default.asp
* http://www.yorkthodox.org.uk

'''Wikipedia'''
* [[w:Christianity_in_the_United_Kingdom#Eastern_Orthodox_Churches|Christianity in the United Kingdom: Eastern Orthodox Churches]].
* [[w:Britons (historical)|Britons (historical)]].
* [[w:Timeline of Anglo-Saxon settlement in Britain|Timeline of Anglo-Saxon settlement in Britain]].
* [[w:Norman conquest of England|Norman conquest of England]].
* [[w:Timeline of British history|Timeline of British history]].

'''General'''
* [http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/hp.php Orthodox England] (Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia: Diocese of Great Britain and Ireland).
* [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~chantancestry/AngloSaxons.html Timeline of Orthodox Christianity in the British Isles].
* [http://www.romanitas.ru/eng/BRITISH.htm A SERVICE TO ALL SAINTS OF BRITAIN; AN ENGLISH ORTHODOX CALENDAR; DEATHBED PROPHECY OF KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR].
* [http://www.britannia.com/history/time1.html Timeline of British History] at Britannia.com.
* [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/timeline/ An Anglican Timeline] (AD. 44-2000)
* [http://www.eldrbarry.net/heidel/ereftl.pdf Timeline of the English Reformation and Development of the Anglican Church] (1517-1726).
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/history/uk_1.shtml Christianity in the UK] at BBC News.

==Further Reading==
*Bede, [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/bede-book1.html ''Ecclesiastical History of the English People''], excerpts (from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook)

==References== 
<div class="small"><references/></div>

[[Category:Church History]]
[[Category:Timelines|Britain]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Missionaries]]