8,921
edits
Changes
→Latin Occupation (1204-1456): image;
[[Image:Byzantium1204.JPG|right|thumb|220px|The beginning of ''[[w:Frangokratia|Frangokratia]]'': the division of the Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade, 1204 AD.]]
*1204 [[Fourth Crusade]] [[Fall of Constantinople|sacks Constantinople]], laying waste to the city and stealing many [[relics]] and other items; [[Great Schism]] generally regarded as having been completed by this act; Venetians use the imperial [[w:Zeyrek Mosque|monastery of Christ Pantocrator]] as their headquardters in Constantinople.
[[Image:Byzantium1230 svg.JPG|left|thumb|220px|Eastern Mediterranean ca. 1230AD.]]
[[File:St John Vatatzes the Merciful.jpg|right|thumb|St. [[John III Doukas Vatatzes|John Vatatzes]] the Merciful King,<ref>Great [[Synaxarium|Synaxaristes]]: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/1092/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Βατατζὴς ὁ ἐλεήμονας βασιλιὰς].'' 4 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref> Emperor of Nicaea (1221–1254).]]
*1204 Latin Occupation of mainland Greece under Franks and Venetians: the [[w:Latin Empire|Latin Empire]] of Constantinople, Latin [[w:Kingdom of Thessalonica|Kingdom of Thessalonica]], the [[w:Principality of Achaea|Principality of Achaea]], and the [[w:Duchy of Athens|Duchy of Athens]]; The Venetians controlled the [[w:Duchy of the Archipelago|Duchy of the Archipelago]] in the Aegean.
*1205 Latins annex Athens and convert the Parthenon into a Roman Catholic Church - ''Santa Maria di Athene'', later ''Notre Dame d'Athene''.
*1211 Venetian crusaders conquer Byzantine Crete, retaining it until ousted by Ottoman Turks in 1669.
*1224 The Byzantines recover Thessaloniki and surrounding area, liberated by the Greek ruler of Epirus Theodore Ducas Comnenus.
*1235 St. Olympiada and nuns martyred by pirates on [[Metropolis of Mytiline|Mytilene of Lesbos]]
*1249 Mystras citadel built by Franks in the Peloponnese.
*1258 [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] seizes the throne of the Nicaean Empire, founding the last Roman (Byzantine) dynasty, beginning reconquest of Greek peninsula from Latins.
*1259 Byzantines defeat Latin [[w:Principality of Achaea|Principality of Achaea]] at the [[w:Battle of Pelagonia|Battle of Pelagonia]], marking the beginning of the Byzantine recovery of Greece.
[[Image:Deesis Hagia Sophia.jpg|left|thumb|220px|The [[w:Deesis|Deësis]] mosaic with Christ as ruler, probably commissioned from 1261 to mark the end of 57 years of Roman Catholic use and the return to the Orthodox faith.]]
*ca. 1259-80 Martyrdom by Latins of monks of [[Iviron Monastery (Athos)|Iveron Monastery]].
*1261 End of Latin occupation of Constantinople and restoration of Orthodox patriarchs; Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] makes [[Mystras]] seat of the new [[w:Despotate of Morea|Despotate of Morea]], where a Byzantine renaissance occurred.
*1265-1310 [[Arsenite Schism]] of Constantinople, beginning when Patr. [[Arsenius Autoreianus of Constantinople|Arsenius Autoreianos]] excommunicated emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]].
*1274 Orthodox attending the Second Council of Lyons, accept supremacy of Rome and filioque clause.
