8,921
edits
Changes
→Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453): 1082; 1166; 1285; links
*1075 ''[[w:Dictatus papae|Dictatus Papae]]'' document advances Papal supremacy.
*1077 The Seljuk Turks capture Jerusalem and kill 3,000 citizens; Seljuks capture Nicea.
*1082 [[Council of Constantinople (1082)|Council of Constantinople]].
*1084 Antioch is captured by the Seljuk Turks from the Byzantines.
*1087 Translation of the relics of [[Nicholas of Myra]] from Myra to Bari.
*1147 Moscow founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruki, a ruler of the northeastern Rus'; [[w:Roger II of Sicily|Roger II of Sicily]] takes Corfu from the Byzantine Empire, and pillages Corinth, Athens and Thebes.
*1149 Crusaders begin to renovate [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem)|Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in Romanesque style, adding a bell tower.
*1156 -57 [[Council of Constantinople (1156)|Council of Constantinople]] (Synod of Blachernae) is held under Patr. [[Luke of Constantinople|Luke Chrysoberges]] to condemn the errors of Soterichus Pantengenus, patriarch-elect of Antioch, and of some others, who asserted that the Sacrifice upon the [[Cross]] was offered to the [[God the Father|Father]] and to the [[Holy Spirit]] alone, and not to the Word, the [[Jesus Christ|Son of God]].
*1159 [[w:John of Salisbury|John of Salisbury]] authors ''[[w:Policraticus|Policraticus]]'', a treatise on government drawing from the [[Holy Scripture|Bible]], the [[w:Corpus Juris Civilis|Codex Justinianus]], and arguing for [[w:Divine Right of Kings|Divine Right of Kings]].
*1164 Uncovering of the relics of [[Leontius of Rostov]].
*1166 [[Council of Constantinople (1166)|Council of Constantinople]].
*1170 Miracle of the weeping icon of the [[Theotokos]] "[[Mother of God of the Sign|of the Sign]]" at Novgorod; Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland; city of Dublin captured by the Normans.
*1176 [[w:Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm|Sultanate of Rum]] defeats Byzantine Empire in the [[w:Battle of Myriokephalon|Battle of Myriokephalon]], marking end of Byzantine attempts to recover Anatolian plateau; Al-Adil I, Muslim ruler of Egypt, suppresses a revolt by Christian Copts in city of Qift, hanging nearly 3,000 of them.
*1242 [[Alexander Nevsky]]'s Novgorodian force defeats Teutonic Knights in [[w:Battle of the Ice|Battle of Lake Peipus]], a major defeat for the Catholic crusaders.
*1244 Jerusalem conquered and razed by [[w:Khwarezm|Khwarezmian]] mercenaries (Oghuz Turks) serving under the [[w:Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] ruler of Egypt Salih Ayyub, triggering Seventh Crusade.
*1245 First [[Council of Lyons (1245)|Council of Lyons]] in the Roman Catholic Church mandates red hat for cardinals and a levy for the Holy Land.
*1247 [[w:Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]] conquer Jerusalem, driving out the Khwarezmian Turks.
*1248-54 [[w:Seventh Crusade|Seventh Crusade]].
*1270 [[w:Eighth Crusade|Eighth Crusade]] launched by King [[w:Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] of France.
*1271-72 [[w:Ninth Crusade|Ninth Crusade]] led by [[w:Edward I of England|Prince Edward]] of England to Acre, considered to be the last of the medieval Crusades to the Holy Land.
*1274 Second [[Council of Lyons (1274)|Council of Lyons]] held, proclaiming union between the Orthodox East and the Roman Catholic West, but generally unaccepted in the East; death of [[w:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]], Latin [[w:Scholasticism|scholastic]] philosopher and theologian, author of the ''[[w:Summa Theologica|Summa Theologica]]''. *1275 Unionist Patriarch of Constantinople [[John XI Beccus Bekkos of Constantinople|John XI BeccusBekkos]] elected to replace Patriarch [[Joseph I Galesiotes of Constantinople|Joseph I Galesiotes]], who opposed [[Council of Lyons]]; 26 martyrs of Zographou monastery on [[Mount Athos|Mt. Athos]], martyred by the Latins.
*ca. 1280 ''[[w:Kebra Nagast|Kebra Nagast]]'' ("Book of the Glory of Kings") compiled, a repository of Ethiopian national and religious feelings.
*1281 [[w:Pope Martin IV|Pope Martin IV]] authorizes a Crusade against the newly re-established [[Byzantine Empire]] in Constantinople, excommunicating Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] and the Greeks and renouncing the union of 1274; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.
*1285 [[Council of Constantinople (1285)|Council of Constantinople]] (Second Synod of Blachernae) discussed and rejected the pro-western interpretation of the Trinity as enunciated by Patr. [[John XI Bekkos of Constantinople|John XI Bekkos]], as well as rejecting the decisions of the Council of Lyons of 1274, and condemning the the Roman (Byzantine) "latinophrones".
*1287 Last record of [[Western Rite]] Monastery of Amalfion on [[Mount Athos|Mount Athos]].
*1291 Fall of Acre; end of crusading in Holy Land.
