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<!--Place overall intro here.--> [[Image:hawaiiorthodox.jpg|right|frame|The Main Altar Cross of the [[http://www.orthodoxhawaii.org|Russian Orthodox Church of Hawaiiin Honolulu]]]]'''Orthodox Christianity in Hawaii''' has a history beginning with the early Russian missions of the 19th century and continuing to the work of multiple Orthodox churches on the various islands that make up the Aloha State.

The first liturgical Christian service held in Hawaii was a [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] [[Pascha]]l service. Somewhere Sometime between 1792 and 1750 - 1793*, while traveling from the Far East to what was then Russian America, a Russian trading ship stopped over in the Hawaiian Islands. The Russian Orthodox [[priest]], not wanting to celebrate Holy Pascha (Easter) at sea, instructed the captain to disembark. The captain then told the priest that he feared the native Hawaiians "natives" but was then told, "They will not harm us, for we are Orthodox, and we bear the Light of Christ to illumine their hearts." The priest then landed They disembarked and blessed a temporary [[altar]] under a newly built temple made out of palms and bambooand adorned with a Znammeny icon of the Mother of God and the Christ Child. As It was rumored that as they departed, the Orthodox priest nailed a copy of left the miracle-working [[Kursk Root icon|Znamenny (Kursk-Root) Icon]] of used in the Sign of the Mother of God to a bamboo post, promising Paschal Liturgy. The ship's priest promised that, "We shall return and baptize these natives to the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church]]."  The first Protestant service was a lay funeral service conducted by Capt. James Cook for an English sailor at Napo‘opo‘o (Kealakekua) on the Big Island of Hawaii in 1779. <i>*Exact dates differ from 1750, 1792, and 1793</i>

[[Image:Fortelizabeth.jpg|rightleft|frame|Russian Fort Elizabeth as it was in 1815 on the Island of Kauai]]In 1815, Russians built Hawaii's first [[Orthodox Church]]church; the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] chapel at [http[w://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Fort_Elizabeth Russian Fort Elizabeth|Fort Elizabeth]]. On the Island of Kaua'i, three Russian forts were built: Fort Alexander, Fort Barclay, and Fort Elizabeth. Fort Alexander also housed a small Orthodox chapel, but Fort Elizabeth was the trading base for the new Russian-American Company in Hawaii. When King Kaumuali'i of Kaua'i ceded his kingdom to King Kamehameha the Great in 1816 following the tsar's refusal to annex Kaua'i due to political troubles in Russia, the forts were also ceded, and the Hawaiian Islands become one unified kingdom. The chapels ultimately fell into disrepair after Calvinist missionaries from the United States landed in 1820 after the death of King Kamehameha I. [[Image:kamehameha.jpg|left|frame|Russian Artist's Sketch of King Kamehameha the Great of Hawaii]] In 1882, the Hawaiian Kingdom sent a diplomatic delegation to St. Petersburg, Russia, to witness the coronation of Tsar Alexander III. The reports of the Hawaii's special envoy to the Russian court, Colonel Curtis I'aukea, Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of Hawaii, regarding the Russian Orthodox [[liturgy|liturgical]] services were widely published in Hawaiian-language newspapers. Two years later, Tsar Alexander III sent King Kalakaua the Imperial Order of St. [[Alexander Nevsky]], the highest Russian award, and established a permanent Russian embassy in Hawaii, along with a very small Orthodox chapel. Subsequently, 200 Ukrainians were imported by American sugar planters. In 1893, Queen Lili'uokalani was deposed by U.S. Marines and American sugar plantation owners, who were mostly the children of American Calvinist missionaries, and a provisional government under the protection of the United States was installed. In 1898, Hawaii was incorporated into the United States despite near universal opposition from native Hawaiians. In the early 1900s, the Russian ambassador to Hawaii was recalled, the embassy was moved to a small office, and the Russian Orthodox chapel was forever closed. St. [[Innocent of Moscow]] also made a brief stop-over in Hawaii during his travels from Asia to Western America. == Rebirth of Orthodoxy ==[[Image:korchinsky.gif|left|frame|A photo of Fr. Jacob Korchinsky from the Pacific Commercial Advertiser, January 23, 1916]] On [[November 27]], 1910 ([[Julian Calendar|O.S.]], the Feast Day of the Znamenny-[[Kursk Root Icon]] of the Sign of the [[Theotokos|Mother of God]]), [[Reader|reader services]] were organized and served by Vasily Pasderin. In 1915, an official request by the Russian Orthodox community in Hawaii and the Episcopal Bishop of Hawaii, Henry B. Restarick to the Holy Synod in St. Petersburg; a priest was dispatched that same year to Hawaii (with the blessing of Archbishop [[Evdokim (Meschersky) of the Aleutians]]) to pastor the large population of Orthodox Russian faithful. He establishsed permanent liturgical services in Hawaii and on [[Christmas]] [[December 25]] (O.S.) / [[January 7]] (N.S.) 1916, Protopresbyter Jacob Korchinsky celebrated the [[Divine Liturgy]] at Saint Andrew's Episcopal Cathedral in Honolulu. Thus Orthodoxy was re-established in Hawaii. [[Image:episcopal.jpg|right|thumb|100px|St. Andrew's Episcopal as it appears today in downtown Honolulu]]Fr. Jacob, a well-known [[missionary]] priest, established churches in Canada, the United States, Alaska, Australia and the Phillipines. He was murdered in [[Wikipedia:Odessa|Odessa]] on [[June 23]], 1941<ref>[http://www.rusvera.mrezha.ru/515/14.htm Газета "Вера" (Newspaper ''Faith'')]</ref>, but has not yet been officially recognized as a martyred saint. St. [[Tikhon of Moscow]] once quoted Fr. Jacob's missionary exploits this way, "He did much to convert the heathens to the Christian Faith and returned many [[Uniate]]s to the Orthodox Church. He set the foundation for parish life in many places, built churches and assisted the unfortunate with his acquied medical knowledge." ''<br>(Report by Bishop Tikhon Belavin to the Holy Synod. No. 155 Nov. 26, 1906)'' In subsequent years, the Russian Orthodox church in Hawaii shipped or flew priests to Hawaii to care for the dwindling Orthodox population, becoming part of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] (ROCOR). Fr. John Dorosh replaced Fr. Jacob in 1917. He was followed by several temporary priests, until [[Archimandrite]] Innokenty Dronov of Hilo, a contemporary of St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]] and St. [[John Maximovitch|John of Shanghai and San Francisco]] and Metropolitan [[Meletius (Zaborosky) of Harbin and Manchuria|Meletius of Harbin]], was dispatched and served the entire Orthodox Christian flock on all the Hawaiian Islands throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Fr. Innokentiy had a large following of [[Church of Japan|Japanese Orthodox]] Christians. He frequently returned to the [http://www.wadiocese.com Diocese in San Francisco] to report to Archbishops [[Apollinary (Koshevoy) of San Francisco|Apollinary (Koshevoy)]] and [[Tikhon (Troitsky) of San Francisco|Tikhon (Troitsky)]] and for medical reasons. He is now purportedly buried on the Big Island of Hawaii.[[Image:innokenty.jpg|left|frame|Fr. Innokenty in front of the Old Apostles Episcopal church in Hilo in 1937]] == Multiple jurisdictions ==Up until the 1960s, the Russian Orthodox Church was the only Orthodox jurisdiction in the Hawaiian Islands. Following the 1960s, parishes from three separate Orthodox jurisdictions established themselves in the Islands: [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek]], [[Serbian Orthodox Church in the USA and Canada|Serbian]], and [[OCA]]. At one point there were as many as five different Orthodox jurisdictions in the Hawaiian Islands. Despite this multiplicity of jurisdictions, all Orthodox churches in Hawaii are in communion with one another and have friendly relations. (See also: [[Orthodoxy in America]], [[Diaspora]].) ===The Russian Orthodox Church (ROCOR)===In the late 1960s, a group of Russian Orthodox Christians parted ways with the local Greek community and joined the Russian Orthodox Church in Hawaii under the Omophorion of Archbishop Anthony of Los Angeles; they formed the St. [[Mark of Ephesus]] Russian Orthodox Mission. In the early 1980s, this mission parish was later re-[[consecrate|consecrated]] under the heavenly protection of the [[Mother of God]] and is now known as the Holy [[Theotokos]] of [[Panagia Portaitissa|Iveron]] Russian Orthodox Church. In the late 1990s, the Council President of the Russian Orthodox community in Hawaii, Anatole Lyovin, was [[ordination|ordained]] to serve the Orthodox faithful in Hawaii. Currently this parish is without a permanent structure, hoping to build the first Russian Orthodox [[church]] in Honolulu. This church is also where the Miracleworking "Hawaiian" Iveron Icon of the Theotokos is brought on most Saturdays and Sundays for veneration, when not travelling to other churches. This community is under the spiritual care of Archbishop +[[Kyrill (Dmitrieff) of San Francisco]] ([[ROCOR]]). Two clergy are assigned to this parish, Archpriest Anatole V. Lyovin, the rector, and Deacon Michael Bressem. In the mid to late 1990's, a separate Russian Orthodox mission community was established on the Big Island of Hawaii. It later became inactive. ===The Greek Orthodox Church (GOARCH)===In the mid 1960s, a Greek Orthodox community established a Greek Orthodox mission under the auspices of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]]. This community became known as [http://www.schgoc.hi.goarch.org/ Ss. Constantine Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox Church]. The current Dean is Fr. Alexander Leong, who was assigned to the parish in Honolulu in 2013. The community is under the omophorion of Metr. [[Gerasimos (Michaleas) of San Francisco]] ([[GOARCH]]). This community is well-known for its annual Greek Festival held at Ala Moana Beach Park near Waikiki. Priest Alexander Leong is Dean of the Cathedral in Honolulu. In the 1990s, a Greek Orthodox mission was established on the Island of Maui. It later became inactive, but there are efforts underway to revive it. The mission has been served by clergy from Ss. Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox Cathedral in Honolulu. ===The Serbian Orthodox Church===In the early 1990s, a Serbian community established an Orthodox mission dedicated to St. [[Lazar of Serbia|Lazar of Kosovo]]. The Serbian mission later became inactive, and its remaining members joined the local Russian and Greek churches. There has been a recent interest within the Serbian Orthodox community in Hawaii to re-establish this mission. In recent months, visiting clergy (including the Serbian Bishop [[Maxim (Vasilijevic) of Western America]]) have come from the mainland to minister to them. This mission is now active and under the spiritual direction of Archpriest Blasko Paraklis. [[Image:Bishop Benjamin.jpg|thumb|145px|right|Bishop Benjamin visits the OCA Kona Mission in 2004]] ===The Antiochian Orthodox Church===In 2003, the short-lived St. Paul the Apostle [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Orthodox]] Mission was established in Honolulu at Fort Shafter Army Base. The rector of this mission was Fr. Isaiah Gillette, a chaplain with the military. Following Fr. Isaiah's transfer to Texas, the mission was disbanded. ===The Orthodox Church in America (OCA)===In early 2004, a new Orthodox community under the jurisdiction of the Orthodox Church in America ([[OCA]]) was established on the Big Island of Hawai`i, in Kailua-Kona. In 2007 this was named [http://stjuvenaly.org St. Juvenaly Orthodox Mission]. The pastor of this mission is Fr. John Schroedel, and it is under the oversight of His Eminence, Archbishop [[Benjamin (Peterson) of San Francisco]] of the [[Diocese of the West (OCA)|Diocese of the West]].

In 2013, this community purchased a building in [[Imagew:kamehameha.jpgHonomu|left|frame|Russian Artist's Sketch of King Kamehameha Honomu]], on the Great east side of Hawaii]Hawaiʻi. The east-side mission is known as [http://ascensionhilo.org Holy Ascension Orthodox Church].

In 1882, ==A Miracle in the Hawaiian Kingdom sent a diplomatic delegation to St. Petersburg, Russia, to witness Islands==During the coronation month of Tsar Alexander III. The reports of the Hawaiian special envoy to October in the Russian courtyear 2007, Colonel Curtis 'Iaukea, about the [[liturgy|liturgical]] services were widely published a great miracle occurred in Hawaiian-language newspapers. Two years later, Tsar Alexander III sent King Kalakaua the Imperial Order State of St. [[Alexander Nevsky|Alexander Hawaii when the Miracleworking and Myrrh-streaming "Hawaiian" Iveron Icon of Nevsky]], the highest Russian award, and established a permanent Russian embassy Theotokos began streaming myrrh in Hawaii, along with a very small the home of an Orthodox chapel. Subsequently, 200 Ukrainians were imported by American sugar plantersChristian couple in Honolulu.

In 1893The Iveron Icon, Queen Lilia small mounted print, (a copy of the Montreal [[Panagia Portaitissa|Iveron]] Icon), originally purchased at the Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Cathedral'uokalani was deposed s small church kiosk in Toronto by URev.SAnatole V. Lyovin, Marines and American sugar plantation owners, who were mostly was given to the children of American Calvinist missionaries, and Reader Nectarios in Hawaii as a provisional government under gift for the protection of the United States was installedaforementioned name's day. In 1898, Hawaii This Icon was incorporated into in the United States despite near universal opposition from native Hawaiians. In the early 1900sReader's possession for eight years before it, along with a small hand-painted cross, began exuding a fragrant oil-like substance traditionally referred to as "myrrh" by the Russian ambassador Orthodox Church. It was recalled, decided by Archbishop [[Kyrill (Dmitrieff) of San Francisco|Kyrill]] of San Francisco that this Icon of the embassy Mother of God was moved to a small office, and be taken to the Holy Virgin Russian chapel Orthodox Cathedral in San Francisco where it underwent tests and was closedcarefully examined by the Archbishop and a commission of priests to verify the Icon's miraculous attributes.

=== Rebirth In June of Orthodoxy ===[[Image:korchinsky.gif|left|frame|A photo 2008, the "Hawaiian" Iveron Icon of Fr. Yakov Korchinsky from the Pacific Commercial AdvertiserMother of God was declared to be a genuine and miraculous Icon, January 23, 1916]] which was in fact exuding myrrh on a continuing basis. On [[November 27]], 1910 It was decided by Episcopal proclamation ([[Julian CalendarUkaz]])that the Reader Nectarios, with the blessing of the [[bishop]]Icon's of Vladivostok original owner, be "Her" guardian and in America, the first Russian Orthodox reader services were held by Reader Vasily Pasderin. November 27 was, and is, to take the "Feast Day of Icon to the [[Kursk Root Icon]] various churches and monasteries of Holy Orthodoxy, in effect, to provide for the [[Mother veneration of God]]all Orthodox Christians." [[Image:episcopal.jpg|right|thumb|100px|St. Andrew's Episcopal as it appears today in downtown Honolulu]]

In 1915Since that time, at the petition Miracle-working Icon has visited over 350 churches and monasteries in North America, and has been venerated by over a quarter of the Russian Orthodox community to the [[Holy Synod]] a million people. The holy Icon has been a constant source of the [[Church a growing number of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]]miraculous occurrences, a Russian Orthodox priest was dispatched to Hawaii to pastor including the large population healing of [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] faithful. On Orthodox Christmas (Dec.25/Jan. 7)cancer, blindness, Protopresbyter Yakov Korchinsky celebrated the Divine Liturgy at Saint Andrew's Episcopal Cathedral in Honoluludemonic possession, and he established permanent liturgical servicesvarious types of physical and spiritual infirmities. Thus Orthodoxy was re-established in Hawaii. Fr. Yakov, People have felt a well-known [[missionary]] priestdeep spiritual connection to this Icon, established churches in [[Canada]]even spending hours on end simply standing before "Her", and watching the [[United States]], [[Alaska]], myrrh flow from the hands and [[Australia]]. He was murdered in [[Odessa]] shortly after stars on the [[October Revolution]] in Russiaimage.

In subsequent yearsAs She travels, the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] Holy Icon has been lovingly called in [[Hawaii]] shipped Greek, "The Wandering Panaghia" since She does not have a church to call Her own. When resources become available, plans are underway to build a proper chapel or flew priests to church structure in Hawaii to care for house the dwindling Orthodox population. [[Archimandrite]] Innokenty Dronov of Hilo, a contemporary Mother of StGod's holy Icon. [[Jonah of Manchuria]] and St. [[John Maximovitch|John of Shanghai and San Francisco]] and Metropolitan [[Meletius It has also been affectionately referred to as the "Protectress of Harbin]], served the entire Orthodox Christian flock on all the [[in Hawaii]]an Islands throughout the 1930s and 1940s. [[Image:innokenty.jpg|left|frame|Fr. Innokenty in front " by some of the Old Apostles Episcopal church Orthodox Christian faithful in Hilo]] Fr. innokenty had a large following of [[Church of Japan|Japanese Hawaii, since Orthodox]] Christians. He frequently returned to from all the [http://www.wadiocese.com Diocese in San Francisco] Hawaii parishes have come to report love and have grown very close to [[Archbishop Tikhon]] and for medical reasons. He is now purportedly buried on the [[Big Island of Hawaii]]this miracle from God.

In May She forever protect the 1960s a [[Greek]] community established a seperate Greek Orthodox parish under the auspices of the [[Greek Archdiocese]]. This community became known as the Saints [[Constatine and Helen]] [[Church Christian faithful of Constantinople|Greek Orthodox Church]]. Soon thereafter, in the early 1990's, a Serbian community established an Orthodox mission dedicated to Saint [[Lazar of Kosovo]]. The Serbian mission later went inactive and joined the local Greek and Russian Orthodox churches. In early 2004 a new Orthodox community under the jurisdiction of the [[OCA]] was established in Kona, Hawaii. This new mission has no association with the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] mission established by Archimandrite Innokenty Dronov of Hilo (+1940's). !

In the late 1990s, the current pastor of the [[Church ==Parishes in Hawaii==*Holy Theotokos of Russia|Iveron Russian OrthodoxChurch (Honolulu) - [http://www.orthodoxhawaii.org Official website]*Ss. Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox Cathedral (Honolulu) - [http://www.ssconhelhi.goarch.org Official Website] community, Father Anatole Lyovin, one of the first *St. Juvenaly Orthodox Mission (Big Island) - [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodoxhttp://oca.org/DIRlisting.asp?SID=9&KEY=OCA-WE-KONOCX OCA listing]] priests since Archimandrite Innokenty, was [http://stjuvenaly.org Mission website]*St. Lazar Serbian Orthodox Mission Parish (Oahu) - [ordination|ordainedhttp://www.westsrbdio.org/info/showarticle.php?article=church_hawaii Contact Information]] to serve the [[(No resident clergy or regular services)*Maui Greek Orthodox]] faithful in Mission - [[Hawaiihttp://www.mauigreekorthodoxmission.com Official Website]]. Currently there are plans to build (currently regrouping under the first [[Church leadership of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] [[church]] in HonoluluSs.Constantine &amp; Helen)

==External LinksReferences==<references/>

*[http://engroups.wikipediayahoo.com/group/orthodoxinhawaii/ A Yahoogroup dedicated to Orthodox Christianity in Hawaii]*[http://www.orthodoxhawaii.org/wiki/Russian_Fort_Elizabeth book.html TWO HUNDRED YEARS ON THE ROAD: A History of the Orthodox Church in Hawaii] by Amir A. Khisamutdinov and Rev. Anatole V. Lyovin. The book chronicles the history of the Orthodox Christian Church in the Hawaiian Islands from the 1700s to the present day. Containing rare photos and historical articles not seen before.*[[Wikipedia:Russian Fort Elizabeth]]*[http://www.orthodoxhawaii.org/dronoff.html "From Island to Island with the Word of God on His Lips - How the Only Orthodox Priest on the Islands Lives and Works"] An article about Fr. Innokentiy Dronoff of Hilo from 1937, translated by Rev. Anatole V. Lyovin.*[http://orthodoxhistory.org/2010/01/06/fr-jacob-korchinsky-missionary-and-martyr/ Fr. Jacob Korchinsky: Missionary and Martyr] A historical account of slain Protopresbyter Jacob Korchinsky.*[http://starbulletin.com/2001/08/25/features/story1.html "A Spiritual Connection" Greek Orthodox Church in Hawaii honors Chinese Martyrs] (Aug 25, 2001)*[http://starbulletin.com/2007/06/02/features/adamski.html Honolulu Star Bulletin article on Fr. Anatole Lyovin of the Russian Orthodox Church] (June 2, 2007)*[http://www.westsrbdio.org/latest_news/Visits_Fall2007/Hawaii.html News from the Serbian Orthodox community in Hawaii][http://serbianorthodoxnews.blogspot.com/2007/11/serbian-hierarchal-liturgy-at-russian.html] (Nov 10-11, 2007)*[http://stjuvenaly.org/resources/ Prayers and Liturgical Texts in Hawaiian]