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'''Nikolai Aleksandrovich Berdyaev''' (Николай Александрович Бердяев) (1874-1948) was a prominent Russian Orthodox religious philosopher. Various historical spellings of his last name in English have also been "Berdiaev" and "Berdiaeff", and of his Baptismal name "Nicolas" and "Nicholas". [[Image:bers.JPG|right|thumb| Russian Religious Philosopher N. A. Berdyaev]]
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Berdyaev was born at Kiev on [[March 18]] (O.S. March 6), 1874, of an aristocratic family. His father, an officer in the Imperial Guard, was from a military family. His mother, Princess Kudashev, was a Polish noblewoman who was half French.
He disliked military school and began studying law at the University of Kiev in 1894. He became a Marxist while at university and was exiled to Vologda in northern Russia in 1898-1901. Returning to Kiev, he became friends with [[Sergius Bulgakov]], who was an economics professor at the time. He studied for a term at the University of Heidelberg in 1903, but returned to Russia where he married Lydia YudifovnaTrusheff. The couple established their home in St Petersburg. There, Berdyaev assisted Bulgakov with editing the journal, ''Novi Put'' (The New Way).
The family moved to Moscow where they were to remain for 14 years. Berdyaev received an appointment as a philosophy professor at the University of Moscow in 1920, but his independence led to his being jailed twice and finally expelled by the Soviet government in 1922. He moved to Berlin, where he taught for two years before relocating to Clamart, near Paris. He established the Religious–Philosophical Academy and started a journal dedicated to religious philosophy, ''Put'' (The Way). This gave him the opportunity to renew his friendship with Bulgakov, who had become the dean of the [[St. Sergius Orthodox Theological Institute (Paris, France)|St. Sergius Institute]].
Berdyaev lived through the German occupation of Paris without great difficulty, although the Gestapo questioned him several times. His wife died in 1945. Cambridge University awarded him an honorary doctorate in divinity in 1947. Berdyaev died on [[March 23]] or [[March 24]], 1948, at Clamart.
==Writings==
*''Spirit and Reality'' (G. Bles, 1946).
*''Truth and Revelation'' (G. Bles, 1953).
*''The Spiritual Crisis of the Intelligentsia" '' (1910), English tran([http://www.berdyaev.com/bookfind. Frhtml frsj Publications], 2014/2015). Stephen J Janos ISBN 978-0-9963992-1-0.*''The Philosophy of Inequality'' (1923) ([http://www.berdyaev.com/bookfind.html Vilnius Pressfrsj Publications], 20142015). ISBN: 978-10-9401369963992-170-23*''The Fate of Russia'' (1918), ([http://www.berdyaev.com/bookfind.html frsj Publications], 2016). ISBN 9780996399241*''Aleksei Stepanovich Khomyakov'' (1912), ([http://www.berdyaev.com/bookfind.html frsj Publications], 2017). ISBN 9780996399258
==Studies==
*Matthew Spinka, ''Nicolas Berdyaev: Captive of Freedom'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1950).
*Michel Alexander Vallon, ''An Apostle of Freedom: Life and Teachings of Nicolas Berdyaev'' (Philosophical Library, 1960).
*Donald A. Lowrie, ''Rebellious Prophet: A Life of Nicolai Berdyaev'' (Harper & Brothers, 1960).
==External links==
[http://www.berdyaev.com/ Berdyaev Online Bibliotek Library]
[http://www.berdyaev.com/berdiaev/FrMen'/berdyaev.html Fr Aleksandr Men' "Lecture on Berdyaev"]
[[Category:Modern Writers]]
[[ro:Nikolai Berdiaev]]
