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On [[July 26]], 1674, Metr. Joachim was elected Patriarch of Moscow following the death of Patr. Pitirim. Although Patr. Joachim had participated in the [[council]] which [[deposition|deposed]] Patr. Nikon, Patr. Joachim continued Nikon's policies concerning the [[Old Believers]]. Patr. Joachim also was a defender of the Church and took a strong position against the introduction of Western ideology and practices into Russian society.
As the seventeenth century was ending, two religio-political groups began to form, one favoring westernization/ Latinism led by Sylvester Medvedev, [[abbot]] of Zaikonospassky Monastery in Moscow, and the other by adherents of Orthodoxy led by Patr. Joachim. To bolster the Orthodox position, Patr. Joachim sought, in 1685, academic help from the Eastern patriarchs that came in the person of two intellectual Greek monks, the brothers [[Joannicus and Sophronius Likhud]]. Patr. Joachim placed them at the head of the "Greek" college, originally founded in Moscow in 1679, that became known as Greek-Latin School, the forerunner of the [[Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary|Moscow Theological Academy]], with directions to refute the Latin centered writings of Medvedev.
The confrontation became bitter, to the point that Patr. Joachim convened a council to condemn Medvedev. Having the support of Tsar Peter I after he had come to the throne following a palace coup against his regent and half-sister, Sophia, Medvedev was tried and executed a year after Patr. Joachim died on [[March 17]], 1690. Patr. Joachim was buried in the [[Dormition Cathedral (Moscow Kremlin)|Dormition Cathedral]] in the Moscow Kremlin.
