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== History ==
When [[Alexander the Great]] conquered Egypt about 332-331 BC he established the city of Alexandria, named after him, from which his Greek-speaking successors, the Ptolemy dynasty, ruled Egypt. Alexandria also had many Greek-speaking Jewish inhabitants, and it was here that the Old Testament scriptures were translated into Greek, the [[Septuagint]] version. During the first century BC the city, and Egypt generally passed under Roman rule. St Mark, a disciple of [[Apostle Peter|St Peter]] evangelised Egypt in the middle of the first century. He probably arrived about AD 40, and met a martyr's death around AD 63. Little is known of the early history of the Church in Alexandria and Egypt, beyond a bare list of names of bishops. By the end of the second century, however, the church had begun to spread among the indigenous population, and the Scriptures and Liturgical texts were being translated into local languages. Since the [[schism]] occurring as a result of the political and [[Christology|Christological]] controversies at the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council|Council of Chalcedon]] (451 A.D.), the portion of the Church of Alexandria loyal to Chalcedonian [[Christology ]] has liturgically been Greek-speaking, the majority of its native (i.e., Coptic) population and their modern descendents becoming a part of the '''[[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Orthodox Church]]''' (i.e., [[Oriental Orthodox|non-Chalcedonian]]).
== The Church today ==
In recent years, a considerable missionary effort was enacted by Pope [[Petros VII (Papapetrou) of Alexandria|Petros VII]]. During his seven years as patriarch (1997-2004), he worked tirelessly to spread the Orthodox Christian [[faith]] in Arab nations and throughout Africa, raising up native [[clergy]] and encouraging the use of local languages in the liturgical life of the Church. Missions spread and thrived in Kenya, Uganda, [[Madagascar]], [[Cameroon]], and elsewhere across the African continent.
Particularly sensitive to the nature of Christian expansion into [[Islam|Muslim]] countries, His Beatitude worked to promote mutual understanding and respect between Orthodox Christians and Muslims. His efforts were ended as the result of a helicopter crash on [[September 11]], 2004, in the Aegean Sea near Greece, killing him and several other clergy, including Bishop [[Nektarios (Kellis) of Madagascar|Nektarios of Madagascar]], another bishop with a profound missionary vision.
*His Eminence [[Makarios (Tillyrides) of Kenya|Makarios (Tillyrides)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Kenya|Kenya]]
*His Eminence [[Jonah (Lwanga) of Kampala|Jonah (Lwanga)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda|Kampala and All Uganda]]
*His Eminence [[Seraphim Damaskinos (IakovouPapandreou) of Johannesburgand Pretoria|Seraphim Damaskinos (IakovouPapandreou)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Johannesburg and Pretoria|Johannesburg and Pretoria]]
*His Eminence [[Alexandros (Gianniris) of Nigeria|Alexander (Gianniris)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Nigeria|Nigeria]]
*His Eminence [[Theophylaktos (Tzoumerkas) of Tripoli|Theophylaktos (Tzoumerkas)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Tripolis|Tripolis]]
*His Eminence [[Sergiosof the Cape of Good Hope|Sergios (Kykkotis)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope|the Cape of Good Hope]]
*His Eminence [[Alexios (Leontaritis) of Carthage|Alexios]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Carthage|Carthage]]
*His Eminence [[Ieronymos(Muzeeyi) of Mwanza|Ieronymos (Muzeeyi)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Mwanza|Mwanza]]
*His Eminence [[Kallinikos (Pippas) of Pilousion|Kallinikos (Pippas)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Pilousion|Pilousion]]
*His Eminence [[Proterios (Pavlopoulos) of Ptolemais|Proterios (Pavlopoulos)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Metropolis of Ptolemais|Ptolemais]]*His Eminence [[George Seraphim (VladimirouKykkotis) of Zimbabwe|George Seraphim (VladimirouKykkotis)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]
*His Eminence [[Nicholas of Ermoupolis|Nicholas]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Ermoupolis|Ermoupolis]]
*His Eminence [[Dimitrios (Zaharengas) of Irinopolis|Dimitrios (Zaharengas)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Irinopolis|Irinopolis]]
*His Eminence [[Ignatios Nikiforos (MadenlidesMikragiannanitis) of Central Africa|Ignatios Nikiforos (MadenlidesMikragiannanitis)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Central Africa|Central Africa]]
*His Eminence [[Emmanuel (Kiagias) of Khartoum|Emmanuel (Kiagias)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Khartoum and All Sudan|Khartoum and Sudan]], Exarch of All Sudan
*His Eminence [[Gregory (Stergiou) of Cameroon|Gregory (Stergiou)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Cameroon|Cameroon]], Exarch of Central Africa
*His Eminence [[Damaskinos George (PapandreouVladimirou) of Accra|Damaskinos George (PapandreouVladimirou)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Accra|Accra]]
*His Eminence [[Ioakeim (Kontobas) of Zambia|Ioakeim (Kontobas)]], Archbishop of [[Diocese of Zambia|Zambia]]
===Diocesan Bishops===
*His Grace [[Savvas (Heimonettos) of Burundi and Rwanda|Savvas (Heimonettos)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Burundi and Rwanda|Burundi]]
*His Grace [[Ignatios (Sennis) of Madagascar|Ignatios (Sennis)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Madagascar|Madagascar]]
*His Grace [[Meletios (Kamiloudes) of Katanga|Meletios (Kamiloudes)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Katanga|Katanga]]
*His Grace [[Theodoros (Dimitriou) of Mozambique|Theodoros (Dimitriou)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Mozambique|Mozambique]]
*His Grace [[Gennadios of Botswana]], Bishop of Botswana
===Auxiliary Bishops===
*His Grace Spyridon of Kanopou
*His Grace Nikodemos of Nitria
*His Grace Gennadios Niphon of NilopolisBabylon
===Titular Archbishops===
===Retired Bishops===
*His Eminence [[Panteleimon (Lampadarios) of Antinoe|Panteleimon of Antinoe]]
==Holy Archdioceses and Bishoprics==
|[[Archdiocese of Ermoupolis]]||??||Tanta – '''Egypt'''||
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Tripolis]]||1866,<br>1959,<br>2004||Tripoli - Libya||''Marsa Matrouh in Egypt'', ''[[Libya]]'Libya'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Carthage]]||1931||Tunis - Tunisia||'''[[Tunisia]], Algeria, Mauritania, [[Morocco]]'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Cyrene]]||??2009||||''Marsa Matrouh in Egypt''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Khartoum and All Sudan|Archdiocese of Khartoum]]||??||Khartoum - Sudan||'''Sudan'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Aksum]]||??||Addis-Abeba - Ethiopia||'''Ethiopia, [[Eritrea]], [[Djibouti]], Somalia'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Kenya]]||??||Nairobi - Kenya||'''Kenya'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda]]||??1959||Kampala - [[Uganda]]||'''Uganda'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Accra]]||1997,<br>2009||Accra - [[Ghana]]||'''Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, [[Sierra Leone]], Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Gambia'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Nigeria]]||1997,<br>2004||Lagos - Nigeria||'''Nigeria, Niger, Benin, Togo'''
|[[Diocese of Katanga]]||2006,<br>2009||Lubumbasi - Congo||''Katanga Province in the Congo''
|-
|[[Diocese of Burundi and Rwanda]]||2009||Bujumbura in Burundi||'''Burundi, Rwanda''', ''a great area of the Eastern Congo''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Mwanza]]||??||Bukoba - Tanzania||'''Tanzania'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Irinoupolis]]||??1959||Dar-es-Salaam - Tanzania||'''Tanzania, Seychelle Islands'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Zambia]]||2001,<br>2009||Lusaka - Zambia||'''Zambia, Malawi'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Zimbabwe]]||??||Harare - Zimbabwe||'''Zimbabwe, [[Angola]], Malawi, Botswana'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Johannesburg and Pretoria]]||1927||Johannesburg - South Africa||''(The areas from East Africa, the Equator down to the Cape of Good Hope)''
|-
|[[Diocese of Madagascar]]||1997||Antananarivo - Madagascar||'''Madagascar''', Islands of '''Mauritius, Reunion, Comores, Maillot'''
|-
|[[Diocese of Brazzaville and Gabon]]||2010||Brazzaville||Congo, Brazzaville, Gabon
|}
== See also ==
*[[Orthodoxy in Africa]]
*[[List of Patriarchs of Alexandria]]
==External links==
{{churches}}
[[Category:Orthodoxy in Africa|Alexandria]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Alexandria]]
