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At the time St. [[Athanasius of Athos|Athanasius the Athonite]] formally established [[monasticism]] on Mt. Athos in the tenth century he included a school as part of the [[Great Lavra (Athos)|Monastery of the Great Lavra]]. It wasn't, however, until the thirteenth century that a well organized school was established. Based at the Kellion of St. John the Theologian, the school was named "Theological School of Iviron", Ιβηριτική  Θεολογική σχολή and conducted all classes in Greek. This school faded over the following centuries as the monasteries at Mt. Athos were beset with invasions by the [[muslim]]s and the Latins.

In 1749, a renewed interest in a school appeared through the efforts of the fathers of [[Vatopedi Monastery of Vatopedi (Athos)|Vatopedi]] Monastery led by the former [[abbot]] Meletius and the issuance by Patriarch [[Cyril V of Constantinople]] of a decree for the establishment of a school near the Monastery of Vatopedi. The school was established to teach theology, philosophy, and logic to the [[monk]]s and to those wishing to become monks.