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→Schism over Chalcedon: correcting grammar and MCB errors; removing Chambessy discussion (was overstated and belongs in a separate article -- see discussion)
===Schism over Chalcedon===
Disputes over the [[Christology]] of the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]] at Chalcedon—the [[Monophysitism|Monophysite]] controversy—in 451 led to a [[schism]] within the Church of Antioch, which at that same council was elevated to the status of a [[patriarchate]]. The larger group at the time repudiated the council and became the [[Church of Antioch (Jacobite)|Syriac Orthodox Church]] (also called the "Jacobites" (named for [[Jacob Baradeus]], an early bishop of theirs who did extensive missionary work in the region). They currently comprise constitute part of the [[Oriental Orthodox]] communion and hold to maintain a Christology somewhat different in language. But since the three 1989 to 1992 [http://www.antiochian.org.au/content/category/7/30/21/ Chambesy Agreements], the understanding from that of the true nature of Christ is now universally considered by all Byzantine Orthodox, and all Oriental Orthodox Churches, to be the same in essenceChalcedon.
The remainder of the Church of Antioch, primarily local Greeks or Hellenized sections of the indigenous population, remained in communion with Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, and Jerusalem. This is the current ''Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East'' which is considered by the other bishops of the Byzantine Orthodox Church to be the sole legimate heir to the [[see]] of Antioch.
The schism greatly weakened the Antiochian church, and in 637 when Antioch fell to the [[Islam|Muslim]] Arabs, the "Greek" church was perceived by the invaders as allied to the Romano-Byzantine enemies of the Arabs. During the subsequent period, Antiochian Orthodox Christians underwent a lengthy period of persecution, and there were multiple periods of either vacancy or non-residence on the Antiochian patriarchal throne during the 7th and 8th centuries. In 969, the Roman Empire regained control of Antioch, and the church there prospered again until 1085, when the Seljuk Turks took the city. During this period of more than a hundred years, the traditional West Syrian [[liturgy]] of the church was gradually replaced by that of the tradition of the Great Church, [[Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)|Hagia Sophia]] in Constantinople. This process was completed sometime in the 12th century.
