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[[Image:Valaam Monastery - Karelia (Russia).jpg|right|thumb|View of Valaam Monastery.]]
{{monastery|
name=Valaam Monastery<br> of the Transfiguration of the Savior|jurisdiction=[[Church of Russia]]<br>Stavropegic status([[Stavropegial]])|
type=Male Monastery|
founded=before 1600|
superior=Abbot<br> [[Archimandrite|Archim.]] Pankraty (Zherdev)||size= about ~200 monks|hq= Valaam Island|language= Slavonic|
music=Russian Chant|
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|
feasts=unknown|
website=[http://www.valaam.ru/en/ Official website]
}}
'''Valaam Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Savior''', more popularly '''Valaam Monastery''' is a [[monastery]] of the [[Church of Russia]] located in Karelia in northwestern Russia on the island of Valaam in Lake Ladoga. The monastery was an outpost of evangelism in the north of Russia. In the 1790s the monastery provided the group of eight missionaries that was sent to Alaska in the North American northwest to evangelize the natives for Orthodox Christianity. This group of [[monasticism|monastics]] included [[Herman of Alaska|St Herman]] and [[Juvenaly of Alaska|St Juvenaly]].
==History==
The origins of Valaam Monastery are not clear. Situated in the frontier of civilization the monastery was often attacked and burned as the area was contested by both Russians and Swedes. As the monastery is not mentioned in documents before the 16th century, different dates - from the 10th to 15th centuries - have been proposed for its founding. In Church tradition the founding of the Holy Transfiguration Valaam Monastery has been attributed to [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Sergius_and_Herman_of_Valaam Ss. Sergius and Herman ] who were among the first missionaries to the city of [[Novgorod]] in the tenth century and created a monastery on Valaam Island in Lake Ladoga, north of Novgorod.
In the sixteenth century, Karelia became the battleground between Swedish and Russian forces as the Swedes pushed their borders eastward. Situated in Lake Ladoga, Valaam Monastery was in the midst of these struggles. In 1578, [[monk]]s and [[novice]]s were beaten to death by the (then) Lutheran Swedes. After another attack, the monastery was depopulated between 1611 and 1715. The buildings were burnt to the ground, and the Karelian border between Russia and Sweden was drawn through the lake. As the eighteenth century continued, the monastery recovered. Buildings were restored and built as the monastery prospered. By the beginning of the twentieth century the monastery had become very wealthy with about twenty smaller sketes under its control.
With the loss of its monastic community and the inclusion of Lake Ladoga in the Soviet Union the buildings of the original monastery on Valaam Island remained unused as a secular population moved on to the island. In time the island became a Soviet military base. As restrictions on the Orthodox Church in the Soviet Union eased during the 1980s, the original monastery was reactivated in 1989 and the facilities restored over the years.
In the late 1990s, Valaam Monastery gained significant legal power over the island under the Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]]. In an effort to return to a state of spiritual seclusion and enticed by the prospect of monopolizing the vast tourism industry on the island, the monastery forced many longtime residents to move out to the mainland. After years of fruitless legal proceedings, many residents of the island chose to leave rather than continue the fight, though a few still remain.
==External links==
*[http://www.valaam.ru/en/ Official site: The Valaam Monastery]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valaam_Monastery Wikipedia: Valaam Monastery]*[http://www.valaam.ru/en/history/ Valaam Monastery: Cloister History]*[http://nordictravel.ru/page/valaam.html Map of Valaam Island]*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Sergius_and_Herman_of_Valaam Ss. Sergius and Herman of Valaam / Ortodoksi.net]
[[Category: Monasteries]][[Category: Russian Monasteries]] [[ro:Mănăstirea Valaam (Rusia)]]
