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Timeline of Schisms

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Protestant Groups
*1054 [[Great Schism|Great Schism between East and West]], generally regarded as having been completed by the act of the Fourth Crusade in 1204.
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===Within Orthodoxy===
*1265-1310 Arsenite Schism.
*1935 [[Old Calendarists|Old Calendar Schism]], when three bishops declared their separation from the official [[Church of Greece]] stating that the calendar change was a schismatic act.
*1990 Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Kiev Patriarchate (UOC-KP).
 
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===Roman Catholic===
*1378-1417 [[w:Western Schism|Western Great Schism]] ensues, including simultaneous reign of three Popes of Rome.
*1723 The [[w:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands|Church of Holland]], (or [[w:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands|Church of Utrecht]]) broke with Rome under its own archbishop and hierarchy, becoming the mother church of the Old Catholic Churches.
*1889 In southern India 5000 Catholics broke from Rome over an organizational dispute, and formed the ''Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa and India'' (i.e. the ''Jacobite Church of Ceylon, Goa and India''; today this is a self-governing branch of the [[Church of India|Indian (Malankara) Orthodox Church]], known as the [[Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church]], a uniate faction under the Indian Orthodox Church).
*1889 Federation of [[w:Old Catholic Church|Old Catholic Churches]], not in communion with Rome, at the [[w:Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)|Union of Utrecht]].
*1945 Bp. [[w:Carlos Duarte Costa|Carlos Duarte Costa]] of Botucatu (in Brazil), a strong advocate for the liberal reform of the Roman Church since the 1930s, was finally excommunicated by the Vatican on July 2, 1945, in particular for his criticisms of Vatican foreign policy during World War II toward Nazi Germany; in 1945 Bp. Costa became the founder and first patriarch of the [[w:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church|Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church]], an independent Roman Catholic Church (claiming 58 dioceses and five million members in 17 countries, as of 2007).
*1957 The "[[w:Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association|Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association]]" (the official state-approved Church) is established by the People's Republic of China's Religious Affairs Bureau, to exercise state supervision over mainland China's Catholics; the unofficial (Papal) Church continues function as a separate entity.
*1970 In opposing the changes within the Church associated with the Second Vatican Council, French Roman Catholic Archbishop [[w:Marcel Lefebvre|Marcel Lefebvre]] founded the [[w:Society of St. Pius X|Society of St. Pius X]] (SSPX), which is still the world's largest [[w:Traditionalist Catholic|Traditionalist Catholic]] priestly society, composed of 4 bishops and 463 priests, 85 brothers, 75 oblates and 160 seminarians.
 
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===Eastern Catholic Churches===
*ca.451 [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Christianity]] broke from the Byzantine churches in the wake of the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon in 451; [[Shenouda the Archimandrite|Shenouda the Great]], abbott of White Monastery in Egypt (d.466), is considered the founder of Coptic Christianity.
:[[British Orthodox Church (Coptic)|British Orthodox Church]]
:*1994 At the feast of [[Pentecost]] in 1994, at Saint Mark's Cathedral in Cairo, Abba Seraphim was ordained a Metropolitan by His Holiness Pope [[Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria|Shenouda III]], and the British Orthodox Church became a constituent of the [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate]].
====Church of Antioch (Syriac)====
*544 Jacob Baradeus consecrates Sergius of Tella as bishop of Antioch, opening the lasting schism between the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Chalcedonian Church of Antioch.
:[[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]]
:*1665 "Jacobite" bishop, [[w:Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel|Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] of Jerusalem came to India, confirming the Episcopal consecration of [[w:Mar Thoma I|Mar Thoma I]] as the head of the Orthodox Church in India; this was a new beginning in the history of the '''modern [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]];''' the Western Syrian language and Antiochene liturgy was adopted in their church.:*1912 The [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] ''('Bava Kakshi' (Patriarch's Party))'' remained as an autonomous jurisdiction of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]], when the [[Church of India]] split from Antioch in 1912.
====Armenian Apostolic Church====
====Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church====
*1993 [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] was formerly a part of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, its autocephaly being reluctantly recognized by the Ethiopian Patriarchate after Eritrea gained its independence in the 1993.
====The Church of India (Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church)====
== Protestant Groups ==
*1517 ''Lutheran Church'' founded by Martin Luther, nailing his Ninety-Five Theses to door at Wittenburg, sparking Protestant Reformation.
*1525 ''Anabaptism'' established; (today's descendants include particularly the Amish, Brethren, Hutterites and Bruderhof, and Mennonites).
*1534 ''Church of England'' (Anglicanism) founded by King Henry VIII.
*1541 ''Calvinism'', (the ''Reformed tradition'', the ''Reformed faith'', or ''Reformed theology'') founded, as the French theologian Johannes Calvinus establishes the first Reformed church in Geneva.
*1879 ''Christian Scientist'' religion is born, founded by Mary Baker Eddy.
*1879 ''Jehovah's Witnesses'' founded by Charles Taze Russell.
*1906 ''Pentecostal movement'' spreads after the Azusa Street Revival (1906-09); also known as "''[[Charismatic Movement]]''" from ca.1960 onwards.
*1925 ''United Church of Canada'', the second-largest Christian denomination in Canada after the Roman Catholic Church, is founded as a merger of four Protestant denominations.
*1957 ''United Church of Christ'' (UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination principally in the United States, generally considered within the Reformed tradition, formed in 1957 with the union of the ''Evangelical and Reformed Church'' and the ''Congregational Christian Churches''.
 
==See also==
[[Category:Timelines|Schisms]]
[[Category:Church History]]
[[Category: Schisms]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
 
[[ro:Schisme (cronologie)]]
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