Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Orthodoxy in the British Isles"

From OrthodoxWiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(→‎Roman Britian (43-410))
Line 30: Line 30:
 
*283-305 Protomartyr of England, St. [[Alban]] <ref>The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles list the year of St. Alban's execution as 283 not as 305.</ref><ref>St. Alban is first mentioned in "Acta Martyrum", and also by Constantius of Lyon in his Life of St. Germanus of Auxerre, written about 480</ref>, [[June 22]].
 
*283-305 Protomartyr of England, St. [[Alban]] <ref>The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles list the year of St. Alban's execution as 283 not as 305.</ref><ref>St. Alban is first mentioned in "Acta Martyrum", and also by Constantius of Lyon in his Life of St. Germanus of Auxerre, written about 480</ref>, [[June 22]].
 
*304 Repose of [[Amphibalus]] at Verulamium (St Albans), Hertfordshire, [[June 25]]; [[Julius and Aaron]] martyr at Caerleon, Britain, [[July 1]];
 
*304 Repose of [[Amphibalus]] at Verulamium (St Albans), Hertfordshire, [[June 25]]; [[Julius and Aaron]] martyr at Caerleon, Britain, [[July 1]];
 +
*383 ''Rome appoints Magnus Maximus as emperor in Britain while conquering Gaul, Spain and Italy''
 +
*390 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] born at Kilpatrick, Scotland.
 +
*406 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] was captured and taken to Ireland as a slave.
  
 
==Medieval Period (410-1485)==
 
==Medieval Period (410-1485)==
 
===Early British Kingdoms: Era of Celtic Missionaries (410-597)===
 
===Early British Kingdoms: Era of Celtic Missionaries (410-597)===
−
 
−
===Anglo-Saxon England: Foundation of the English Orthodox Church (597-1066)===
 
−
====Viking Age (793-1066)====
 
−
 
−
===Anglo-Norman Britain: Latin Continental Ecclesiology (1066-1154)===
 
−
 
−
===High Middle Ages: Plantaganet Era (1154-1485)===
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
==Nicene Era (325-451)==
 
−
*383 ''Rome appoints Magnus Maximus as emperor in Britain while conquering Gaul, Spain and Italy''
 
−
*390 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] born at Kilpatrick, Scotland.
 
−
*406 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] was captured and taken to Ireland as a slave.
 
 
*410 ''Probable end of Roman occupation of Britain''
 
*410 ''Probable end of Roman occupation of Britain''
 
*412 [[Patrick of Ireland]] has a vision of God informing him that he will leave for Ireland.
 
*412 [[Patrick of Ireland]] has a vision of God informing him that he will leave for Ireland.
Line 53: Line 42:
 
*432 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] sent from Aesir in Gaul to mission to Ireland.
 
*432 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] sent from Aesir in Gaul to mission to Ireland.
 
*440 [[Materiana]] born in Gwent of Wales.
 
*440 [[Materiana]] born in Gwent of Wales.
−
 
−
==Byzantine Era (451-843)==
 
−
===(451-500)===
 
 
*459 Repose of [[Auxilius of Ireland]]<ref> St. [[Auxilius of Ireland]]: The date of death is also given as 454 or 455, see Sabine Baring-Gould, ''The Lives of the Saints'' (J. Hodges, 1898), 275.</ref>
 
*459 Repose of [[Auxilius of Ireland]]<ref> St. [[Auxilius of Ireland]]: The date of death is also given as 454 or 455, see Sabine Baring-Gould, ''The Lives of the Saints'' (J. Hodges, 1898), 275.</ref>
 
*484 [[Brendan the Navigator]] born at Tralee in Kerry, Ireland.
 
*484 [[Brendan the Navigator]] born at Tralee in Kerry, Ireland.
 
*461 Repose of the Holy Hierarch St. [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], the Apostle of Ireland, at Saul, Downpatrick, Ireland [[March 17]] <ref>When he came to Ireland, as its enlightener, it was a pagan country; when he ended his earthly life some thirty years later, about 461, the Faith of Christ was established in every corner." (Great Horologion) The work of St Patrick and his brethren has been called the most successful single missionary venture in the history of the Church.</ref>
 
*461 Repose of the Holy Hierarch St. [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], the Apostle of Ireland, at Saul, Downpatrick, Ireland [[March 17]] <ref>When he came to Ireland, as its enlightener, it was a pagan country; when he ended his earthly life some thirty years later, about 461, the Faith of Christ was established in every corner." (Great Horologion) The work of St Patrick and his brethren has been called the most successful single missionary venture in the history of the Church.</ref>
 
*493 [[Gildas the Wise]] born in the lower valley of the Clyde in central Scotland <ref>The date of St. [[Gildas the Wise|Gildas']] birth can only tentatively be placed to the decades either side of the beginning of the Sixth Century. St. [[Bede]] indirectly suggests the year 493 for this event and this is the date adopted for this article.</ref>.
 
*493 [[Gildas the Wise]] born in the lower valley of the Clyde in central Scotland <ref>The date of St. [[Gildas the Wise|Gildas']] birth can only tentatively be placed to the decades either side of the beginning of the Sixth Century. St. [[Bede]] indirectly suggests the year 493 for this event and this is the date adopted for this article.</ref>.
−
 
−
===(500-600)===
 
−
'' According to historians, during this period St. [[Non of Wales|Non]], the mother of St. [[David of Wales]], and the daughter of the nobleman Cynyr of Caer Goch of Pembrokeshire, reposed and St. [[Materiana of Cornwall]], [[April 9]], reposed early 6th-century at Minster of Cornwall.''
 
−
 
 
* 525 Repose of St. [[Brigid of Kildaire]], [[February 1]]; [[Gildas the Wise]] studies under St. [[Illtyd]] and travels to Ireland with [[David of Wales]] and [[Cadoc]], here he is ordained to the priesthood.
 
* 525 Repose of St. [[Brigid of Kildaire]], [[February 1]]; [[Gildas the Wise]] studies under St. [[Illtyd]] and travels to Ireland with [[David of Wales]] and [[Cadoc]], here he is ordained to the priesthood.
 
* 540 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] appointed bishop to Strathclyde Britons (modern Glasgow)
 
* 540 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] appointed bishop to Strathclyde Britons (modern Glasgow)
Line 77: Line 59:
 
* 587 Repose of [[David of Wales]], [[March 1]].
 
* 587 Repose of [[David of Wales]], [[March 1]].
 
* 596 Gregory the Great sends [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]]<ref>Saint Augustine of Canterbury is also called the "Apostle to the English".</ref> to Britain to convert the [[w:Kingdom of Kent|Kingdom of Kent]].
 
* 596 Gregory the Great sends [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]]<ref>Saint Augustine of Canterbury is also called the "Apostle to the English".</ref> to Britain to convert the [[w:Kingdom of Kent|Kingdom of Kent]].
 +
 +
===Anglo-Saxon England: Foundation of the English Orthodox Church (597-1066)===
 +
'' According to historians, during this period St. [[Non of Wales|Non]], the mother of St. [[David of Wales]], and the daughter of the nobleman Cynyr of Caer Goch of Pembrokeshire, reposed and St. [[Materiana of Cornwall]], [[April 9]], reposed early 6th-century at Minster of Cornwall.''
 +
 
* 597 Repose of St. [[Columba of Iona]], enlightener of Scotland, [[June 9]].
 
* 597 Repose of St. [[Columba of Iona]], enlightener of Scotland, [[June 9]].
 
* 598 Brandon mac Echac (d. 603) convence a synod at which the [[Diocese of Ferns]] is made an episcopal see and [[Aedan of Ferns]] is made the first Bishop.
 
* 598 Brandon mac Echac (d. 603) convence a synod at which the [[Diocese of Ferns]] is made an episcopal see and [[Aedan of Ferns]] is made the first Bishop.
−
 
−
===(600-700)===
 
 
* 601 Repose of St. [[David of Wales]], Bishop of Menevia; the "St Augustine Gospels" are sent to [[Augustine of Canterbury]] <ref> The "St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in existence.</ref>
 
* 601 Repose of St. [[David of Wales]], Bishop of Menevia; the "St Augustine Gospels" are sent to [[Augustine of Canterbury]] <ref> The "St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in existence.</ref>
 
* 603 repose of St. [[Kentigern of Glasgow]], [[January 11]].
 
* 603 repose of St. [[Kentigern of Glasgow]], [[January 11]].
Line 117: Line 101:
 
* 696 Incorrupt body of [[Audrey of Ely]] found.
 
* 696 Incorrupt body of [[Audrey of Ely]] found.
 
* 697 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resigns as abbot of the "Mayo of the Saxons" in favour of St. Adamnan; Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] revealed to be incorrupt.
 
* 697 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resigns as abbot of the "Mayo of the Saxons" in favour of St. Adamnan; Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] revealed to be incorrupt.
−
 
−
===(700-800)===
 
 
* 703 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resumes the abbacy of the "Mayo of the Saxons".
 
* 703 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resumes the abbacy of the "Mayo of the Saxons".
 
* 709 Repose of St. [[Wilfrid]], Bishop of Hexham, [[April 24]].
 
* 709 Repose of St. [[Wilfrid]], Bishop of Hexham, [[April 24]].
Line 126: Line 108:
 
* 735 Repose of Venerable [[Bede]], [[May 25]].
 
* 735 Repose of Venerable [[Bede]], [[May 25]].
  
−
===(800-843)===
+
====Viking Age (793-1066)====
−
''No records as yet''
 
−
 
 
−
==Late Byzantine Era (843-1453)==
 
 
* 869 King [[Edmund of East Anglia]], martyred [[November 20]].
 
* 869 King [[Edmund of East Anglia]], martyred [[November 20]].
 
* 870 Repose of Ss. Beocca and Hethor, the two martyrs of Chertsey.
 
* 870 Repose of Ss. Beocca and Hethor, the two martyrs of Chertsey.
Line 141: Line 120:
 
* 1002 Repose of St. Wulsin, renewer of the Monastery of St. Peter.  
 
* 1002 Repose of St. Wulsin, renewer of the Monastery of St. Peter.  
 
* 1012 Repose of St. [[Alphege]], Archbishop of Canterbury martyred to the east of London at Greenwich, [[April 19]].
 
* 1012 Repose of St. [[Alphege]], Archbishop of Canterbury martyred to the east of London at Greenwich, [[April 19]].
 +
 +
===Anglo-Norman Britain: Latin Continental Ecclesiology (1066-1154)===
 
* 1066 Repose of the last Orthodox King of England, [[Harold of England]], [[October 14]].
 
* 1066 Repose of the last Orthodox King of England, [[Harold of England]], [[October 14]].
 
* 1104 Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] translated <ref>His [St. [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]]] body was still found to be untouched by decay, giving off "an odour of the sweetest fragrancy", and "from the flexibility of its joints representing a person asleep rather than dead.</ref> from Lindisfarne to Durham Cathedral, [[September 4]].
 
* 1104 Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] translated <ref>His [St. [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]]] body was still found to be untouched by decay, giving off "an odour of the sweetest fragrancy", and "from the flexibility of its joints representing a person asleep rather than dead.</ref> from Lindisfarne to Durham Cathedral, [[September 4]].
 
** Relics of St. [[Boisil]] are translated to Durham Cathedral by the priest Ælfred.
 
** Relics of St. [[Boisil]] are translated to Durham Cathedral by the priest Ælfred.
  
−
==Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821)==
+
===High Middle Ages: Plantaganet Era (1154-1485)===
 +
''No information yet''
 +
 
 +
== / ==
 
''Great Schism. Church of England no longer with the Eastern Orthodox church. Orthodoxy re-establishes in Great Britain around the 16-17th century. {{citation}}''
 
''Great Schism. Church of England no longer with the Eastern Orthodox church. Orthodoxy re-establishes in Great Britain around the 16-17th century. {{citation}}''
−
 
 
* 1670 [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] established by priest [[Daniel Voulgaris]] first Greek Orthodox Community in London.
 
* 1670 [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] established by priest [[Daniel Voulgaris]] first Greek Orthodox Community in London.
 
* 1676 Arrival of [[Joseph Georgerines]], Archbisop of Samos.
 
* 1676 Arrival of [[Joseph Georgerines]], Archbisop of Samos.

Revision as of 04:08, May 26, 2009

The early Christian writers Tertullian and Origen mention the existence of a British church in the third century AD and in the fourth century British bishops attended a number of councils, such as the Council of Arles in 314 and the Council of Rimini in 359.

The first member of the British church whom we know by name is St Alban, who, tradition tells us, was martyred for his faith on the spot where St Albans Abbey now stands.

The British church was a missionary church with figures such as St Illtud, St Ninian and St Patrick evangelising in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, but the invasions by the pagan Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the fifth century seem to have destroyed the organisation of the church in much of what is now England. In 597 a mission sent by Pope Gregory the Great and led by St Augustine of Canterbury landed in Kent to begin the work of converting these pagan peoples.

What eventually became known as the "Church of England" [1] was the result of a combination of three traditions, that of Augustine and his successors, the remnants of the old Romano-British traditions and the Celtic tradition coming down from Scotland and associated with people like St Aidan and St Cuthbert.

These three traditions came together as a result of increasing mutual contact and a number of local synods, of which the Synod of Whitby in 664 has traditionally been seen as the most important. The result was an English Church, led by the two Archbishops of Canterbury and York, that was fully assimilated into the mainstream Church. This meant that it was influenced by the wider development of the Christian tradition in matters such as theology, liturgy, church architecture, and the development of monasticism.

Regarding the British Isles, what is known about the state of the Church there at the time of the Great Schism is that subsequent to the Norman Invasion in 1066, church life was radically altered. Native clergy were replaced, liturgical reform enacted, and a strong emphasis on papal church control was propagated. As such, it is probably safe to say that, prior to 1066, the church of the British Isles was Orthodox, and the Normans brought the effects of the Great Schism to British soil. As such, it is probably proper to regard King Harold II as an Orthodox Christian.

It also meant that after King Harold II, the English church continued under the authority of the Pope and not with Orthodoxy and this article does not consider the historical development of the "Church of England" after this date.

Orthodoxy was reintroduced by the Church of Greece and by Russia ... [to be developed] ...

The greatest contributor towards documenting the ecclesiastical and political history of England is attested to St. Bede, who completed in 731 five volumes of his best known work The Ecclesiastical History of England.

Apostolic Era

According to the compilers of the Synaxarion, three members of the Apostolic Church had been responsible for preaching the Gospel in Britain:

  • Apostle Peter who, after visiting Milan, had "passed over to the island of Britain, now called England, (where) he spent many years and turned many erring Gentiles to faith in Christ";
  • Apostle Aristobulus (brother of St. Barnabas), who is called the Apostle of Britain and who was its first bishop; and
  • Apostle Simon the Canaanite and Zealot. In these Islands, the Celtic Church had shone forth - especially during the glorious period known as the "Age of Saints" when its missionaries preached throughout much of Europe, becoming 'Equals to the Apostles';
  • Ireland had been a place of refuge for monks fleeing from iconoclastic persecution; so, later, it was referred to as "the New Thebais" on account of the number of its monasteries.

Roman Britian (43-410)

  • 43 Roman Emperor Claudius conquers England, making it part of the vast Roman Empire.
  • 63 Apostle of Britain Aristobulus consecrated as first bishop to Britain; Joseph of Arimathea travels to Glastonbury.
  • 140 Romans conquer Scotland
  • 283-305 Protomartyr of England, St. Alban [2][3], June 22.
  • 304 Repose of Amphibalus at Verulamium (St Albans), Hertfordshire, June 25; Julius and Aaron martyr at Caerleon, Britain, July 1;
  • 383 Rome appoints Magnus Maximus as emperor in Britain while conquering Gaul, Spain and Italy
  • 390 Patrick born at Kilpatrick, Scotland.
  • 406 Patrick was captured and taken to Ireland as a slave.

Medieval Period (410-1485)

Early British Kingdoms: Era of Celtic Missionaries (410-597)

Anglo-Saxon England: Foundation of the English Orthodox Church (597-1066)

According to historians, during this period St. Non, the mother of St. David of Wales, and the daughter of the nobleman Cynyr of Caer Goch of Pembrokeshire, reposed and St. Materiana of Cornwall, April 9, reposed early 6th-century at Minster of Cornwall.

Viking Age (793-1066)

Anglo-Norman Britain: Latin Continental Ecclesiology (1066-1154)

High Middle Ages: Plantaganet Era (1154-1485)

No information yet

/

Great Schism. Church of England no longer with the Eastern Orthodox church. Orthodoxy re-establishes in Great Britain around the 16-17th century. citation needed

Modern Era

Sometime between 1840 and 1924, St. Arsenios of Cappadocia prophesised that "The Church in the British Isles will only begin to truly grow again when it begins to venerate once more its own saints".

The following events require dates to be identified: Grand Duchess St. Elizabeth (a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and a great-aunt of Prince Philip) and St. John Maximovich, who have been associated with them in the recent past. The memory of Brother Lazaros, killed (some would say, martyred) within the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vivid... Monastery of St. John the Baptist in Essex, which depends directly on the Oecumenical Patriarchate and whose Founder was the saintly Archimandrite Sophrony, a pupil of St. Silouanos of the Holy Mountain.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801-1927)

Victorian Era (1837-1901)

Edwardian Era (1901-1910)

  • 1906 Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas built in Cardiff.
  • 1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek Orthodox community churches to Church of Greece.
  • 1914 Anthony born in Lausanne, Russia.
  • 1918 The family of Tsar Nicholas, Alexandra and their five children are lined up in their basement and shot, July 16.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927-Present)

Unknown dates

If you know the dates for these events, please assist us

G. E. Palmer, Philip Sherrard and Bishop Kallistos Ware translate and publish four volumes of the Philokalia into English; Bishop Kallistos Ware and Mother Mary produced English translations of the Lenten Triodion and Festal Menaion.

Post-Communist Era (1991-Present)

Repose of Metropolitan Gabriel Saliby (Antiochian);
Bishop John Yazigi elected to Metropolitanate of Western and Central Europe, March 30

Notes

  • Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
  • The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
  • This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the Orthodox Church, though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

See also

External links

Greek Orthodox Church in Great Britain

Russian Orthodox Church in Great Britain

Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Western and Central Europe

For more information on the United Kingdom and Ireland visit:


References

  1. ↑ The "Church of England" (the Ecclesia Anglicana - or the English Church)
  2. ↑ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles list the year of St. Alban's execution as 283 not as 305.
  3. ↑ St. Alban is first mentioned in "Acta Martyrum", and also by Constantius of Lyon in his Life of St. Germanus of Auxerre, written about 480
  4. ↑ St. Auxilius of Ireland: The date of death is also given as 454 or 455, see Sabine Baring-Gould, The Lives of the Saints (J. Hodges, 1898), 275.
  5. ↑ When he came to Ireland, as its enlightener, it was a pagan country; when he ended his earthly life some thirty years later, about 461, the Faith of Christ was established in every corner." (Great Horologion) The work of St Patrick and his brethren has been called the most successful single missionary venture in the history of the Church.
  6. ↑ The date of St. Gildas' birth can only tentatively be placed to the decades either side of the beginning of the Sixth Century. St. Bede indirectly suggests the year 493 for this event and this is the date adopted for this article.
  7. ↑ Saint Augustine of Canterbury is also called the "Apostle to the English".
  8. ↑ The "St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in existence.
  9. ↑ A bronze reliquary in which the relics of St. Aed of Ferns are kept is currently preserved in Dublin.
  10. ↑ St. Beuno the Wonderworker, Abbot of Clynnog, was uncle to St. Winefride of Treffynon, November 3, whom he also restored to life.
  11. ↑ Almost all that is known of St. Boisol or Boswell, is learn from St. Bede (Eccles. Hist., IV, xxvii, and Vita Cuthberti).
  12. ↑ The Mayo (Magh Eo, the yew plain), known as "Mayo of the Saxons". St. Bede writes of this monastery: "This monastery is to this day (731) occupied by English monks... and contains an exemplary body who gathered there from England, and live by the labour of their own hands (after the manner of the early Fathers), under a rule and canonical abbot, leading chaste and single lives."
  13. ↑ Cædmon is said to have taken holy orders at an advanced age and it is implied that he lived at Streonæshalch at least in part during Hilda’s abbacy (657–680). Book IV Chapter 25 of the Historia ecclesiastica appears to suggest that Cædmon’s death occurred at about the same time as the fire at Coldingham Abbey, an event dated in the E text of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to 679, but after 681 by Bede.
  14. ↑ Considered a local Saint by the Orthodox church of England but not formally canonised.
  15. ↑ The proper name of Milton Abbey is the Abbey Church of St. Mary, St. Samson and St. Branwalader.
  16. ↑ His [St. Cuthbert of Lindisfarne] body was still found to be untouched by decay, giving off "an odour of the sweetest fragrancy", and "from the flexibility of its joints representing a person asleep rather than dead.
  17. ↑ "In the year of salvation 1677 this Temple was erected for the nation of the Greeks, the Most Serene Charles II being King, and the Roual Prince Lord James being commander of the foreces, the Right Reverend Lord Henry Compton being Bishop, at the expense of the above and other Bishops and Nobles and with the concurrence of our Humility of Samos Joseph Georgeirenes, from the island of Melos." - Inscription from tablet carved in Greek preserved on the west wall of the church Charing Cross Road. This site is now occupied by St Mary's of Kenton a non-Orthodox denomination.
  18. ↑ From the series entitled "The Four Times of the Day"
  19. ↑ In Hogarth’s time the portion of the street where the church stood was called Hog Lane. It was later renamed Crown Street and was demolished when Charing Cross Road was widened.
  20. ↑ The position of "Doctor of the Church" is a position of theological significance; St. Bede is the only man from Great Britain to achieve this designation (Anselm of Canterbury, also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy
  21. ↑ http://www.st-panteleimon.org/
  22. ↑ Monachos: http://www.monachos.net/

Template:InProgress

Retrieved from "https://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_the_British_Isles&oldid=83817"