Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Orthodoxy in the British Isles"

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(→‎Historical Period (200-500))
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==Byzantine Era (451-843)==
 
==Byzantine Era (451-843)==
 +
===(400-500)===
 
*484 [[Brendan the Navigator]] born at Tralee in Kerry, Ireland.
 
*484 [[Brendan the Navigator]] born at Tralee in Kerry, Ireland.
 
*461/493 Repose of the Holy Hierarch St. [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], the Apostle of Ireland, [[March 17]] <ref>When he came to Ireland, as its enlightener, it was a pagan country; when he ended his earthly life some thirty years later, about 461, the Faith of Christ was established in every corner." (Great Horologion) The work of St Patrick and his brethren has been called the most successful single missionary venture in the history of the Church.</ref>
 
*461/493 Repose of the Holy Hierarch St. [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], the Apostle of Ireland, [[March 17]] <ref>When he came to Ireland, as its enlightener, it was a pagan country; when he ended his earthly life some thirty years later, about 461, the Faith of Christ was established in every corner." (Great Horologion) The work of St Patrick and his brethren has been called the most successful single missionary venture in the history of the Church.</ref>
 
*493 [[Gildas the Wise]] born in the lower valley of the Clyde in central Scotland <ref>The date of St. [[Gildas the Wise|Gildas']] birth can only tentatively be placed to the decades either side of the beginning of the Sixth Century. St. [[Bede]] indirectly suggests the year 493 for this event and this is the date adopted for this article.</ref>.
 
*493 [[Gildas the Wise]] born in the lower valley of the Clyde in central Scotland <ref>The date of St. [[Gildas the Wise|Gildas']] birth can only tentatively be placed to the decades either side of the beginning of the Sixth Century. St. [[Bede]] indirectly suggests the year 493 for this event and this is the date adopted for this article.</ref>.
  
−
== Historical period (500-600) ==
+
===(500-600)===
 
'' According to historians, during this period St. [[Non of Wales|Non]], the mother of St. [[David of Wales]], and the daughter of the nobleman Cynyr of Caer Goch of Pembrokeshire, reposed and St. [[Materiana of Cornwall]], [[April 9]], reposed early 6th-century at Minster of Cornwall.''
 
'' According to historians, during this period St. [[Non of Wales|Non]], the mother of St. [[David of Wales]], and the daughter of the nobleman Cynyr of Caer Goch of Pembrokeshire, reposed and St. [[Materiana of Cornwall]], [[April 9]], reposed early 6th-century at Minster of Cornwall.''
  
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* 598 Brandon mac Echac (d. 603) convence a synod at which the [[Diocese of Ferns]] is made an episcopal see and [[Aedan of Ferns]] is made the first Bishop.
 
* 598 Brandon mac Echac (d. 603) convence a synod at which the [[Diocese of Ferns]] is made an episcopal see and [[Aedan of Ferns]] is made the first Bishop.
  
−
== Historical period (600-700) ==
+
===(600-700)===
 
* 601 Repose of St. [[David of Wales]], Bishop of Menevia; the "St Augustine Gospels" are sent to [[Augustine of Canterbury]] <ref> The "St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in existence.</ref>
 
* 601 Repose of St. [[David of Wales]], Bishop of Menevia; the "St Augustine Gospels" are sent to [[Augustine of Canterbury]] <ref> The "St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in existence.</ref>
 
* 603 repose of St. [[Kentigern of Glasgow]], [[January 11]].
 
* 603 repose of St. [[Kentigern of Glasgow]], [[January 11]].
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* 697 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resigns as abbot of the "Mayo of the Saxons" in favour of St. Adamnan; Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] revealed to be incorrupt.
 
* 697 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resigns as abbot of the "Mayo of the Saxons" in favour of St. Adamnan; Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] revealed to be incorrupt.
  
−
==Historical period (700-800) ==
+
===(700-800)===
 
* 703 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resumes the abbacy of the "Mayo of the Saxons".
 
* 703 [[Gerald of Mayo]] resumes the abbacy of the "Mayo of the Saxons".
 
* 709 Repose of St. [[Wilfrid]], Bishop of Hexham, [[April 24]].
 
* 709 Repose of St. [[Wilfrid]], Bishop of Hexham, [[April 24]].
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* 735 Repose of Venerable [[Bede]], [[May 25]].
 
* 735 Repose of Venerable [[Bede]], [[May 25]].
  
−
==Historical period (800-900) ==
+
===(800-843)===
 +
''No records as yet''
 +
 
 +
==Late Byzantine Era (843-1453)==
 
* 869 King [[Edmund of East Anglia]], martyred [[November 20]].
 
* 869 King [[Edmund of East Anglia]], martyred [[November 20]].
 
* 870 Repose of Ss. Beocca and Hethor, the two martyrs of Chertsey.
 
* 870 Repose of Ss. Beocca and Hethor, the two martyrs of Chertsey.
 
* 890 [[Bede]]'s ''[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum|Ecclesiastical History]]'' was translated into Old English at the insistence of [[Alfred the Great]].
 
* 890 [[Bede]]'s ''[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum|Ecclesiastical History]]'' was translated into Old English at the insistence of [[Alfred the Great]].
 
* 899 Repose of King [[Alfred the Great]], [[October 26]].
 
* 899 Repose of King [[Alfred the Great]], [[October 26]].
−
 
−
==Historical period (901-1000)==
 
 
* 903 Relics of King [[Alfred the Great]] <ref>Considered a local Saint by the Orthodox church of England but not formally canonised.</ref> translated to New Minster Abbey.
 
* 903 Relics of King [[Alfred the Great]] <ref>Considered a local Saint by the Orthodox church of England but not formally canonised.</ref> translated to New Minster Abbey.
 
* 935 Relics of St. [[Branwallader]] (or [[Brelade]] translated by King Athelstan to Milton Abbey <ref>The proper name of Milton Abbey is the Abbey Church of St. Mary, St. Samson and St. Branwalader.</ref>.
 
* 935 Relics of St. [[Branwallader]] (or [[Brelade]] translated by King Athelstan to Milton Abbey <ref>The proper name of Milton Abbey is the Abbey Church of St. Mary, St. Samson and St. Branwalader.</ref>.
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* 1012 Repose of St. [[Alphege]], Archbishop of Canterbury martyred to the east of London at Greenwich, [[April 19]].
 
* 1012 Repose of St. [[Alphege]], Archbishop of Canterbury martyred to the east of London at Greenwich, [[April 19]].
 
* 1066 Repose of the last Orthodox King of England, [[Harold of England]], [[October 14]].
 
* 1066 Repose of the last Orthodox King of England, [[Harold of England]], [[October 14]].
−
 
−
==Historical period (1001-Great Schism)==
 
−
* '''11th-century:'''
 
 
* 1104 Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] translated <ref>His [St. [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]]] body was still found to be untouched by decay, giving off "an odour of the sweetest fragrancy", and "from the flexibility of its joints representing a person asleep rather than dead.</ref> from Lindisfarne to Durham Cathedral, [[September 4]].
 
* 1104 Relics of [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] translated <ref>His [St. [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]]] body was still found to be untouched by decay, giving off "an odour of the sweetest fragrancy", and "from the flexibility of its joints representing a person asleep rather than dead.</ref> from Lindisfarne to Durham Cathedral, [[September 4]].
 
** Relics of St. [[Boisil]] are translated to Durham Cathedral by the priest Ælfred.
 
** Relics of St. [[Boisil]] are translated to Durham Cathedral by the priest Ælfred.
  
−
== Historical period (Great Schism-1900) ==
+
==Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821)==
 
''Great Schism. Church of England no longer with the Eastern Orthodox church. Orthodoxy re-establishes in Great Britain around the 16-17th century. {{citation}}''
 
''Great Schism. Church of England no longer with the Eastern Orthodox church. Orthodoxy re-establishes in Great Britain around the 16-17th century. {{citation}}''
  
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* 1676 Arrival of [[Joseph Georgerines]], Archbisop of Samos.
 
* 1676 Arrival of [[Joseph Georgerines]], Archbisop of Samos.
 
* 1677 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" erected for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] <ref>''"In the year of salvation 1677 this Temple was erected for the nation of the Greeks, the Most Serene Charles II being King, and the Roual Prince Lord James being commander of the foreces, the Right Reverend Lord Henry Compton being Bishop, at the expense of the above and other Bishops and Nobles and with the concurrence of our Humility of Samos Joseph Georgeirenes, from the island of Melos."'' - Inscription from tablet carved in Greek preserved on the west wall of the church Charing Cross Road. This site is now occupied by St Mary's of Kenton a non-Orthodox denomination.</ref>
 
* 1677 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" erected for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] <ref>''"In the year of salvation 1677 this Temple was erected for the nation of the Greeks, the Most Serene Charles II being King, and the Roual Prince Lord James being commander of the foreces, the Right Reverend Lord Henry Compton being Bishop, at the expense of the above and other Bishops and Nobles and with the concurrence of our Humility of Samos Joseph Georgeirenes, from the island of Melos."'' - Inscription from tablet carved in Greek preserved on the west wall of the church Charing Cross Road. This site is now occupied by St Mary's of Kenton a non-Orthodox denomination.</ref>
−
* 1684 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" confiscated and handed over to Huguenot refugees from France. [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] forced to worship for the next 150 years in the Imperial Russian Embassy.
+
*1684 "Greek St Church to the Panagia" confiscated and handed over to Huguenot refugees from France. [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] forced to worship for the next 150 years in the Imperial Russian Embassy.
−
* 1738 Print 'Noon' <ref>From the series entitled "The Four Times of the Day"</ref> by William Hogarth <ref>In Hogarth’s time the portion of the street where the church stood was called Hog Lane. It was later renamed Crown Street and was demolished when Charing Cross Road was widened.</ref> shows evidence of a crowd exiting a Greek Orthodox church.
+
*1738 Print 'Noon' <ref>From the series entitled "The Four Times of the Day"</ref> by William Hogarth <ref>In Hogarth’s time the portion of the street where the church stood was called Hog Lane. It was later renamed Crown Street and was demolished when Charing Cross Road was widened.</ref> shows evidence of a crowd exiting a Greek Orthodox church.
−
* 1837 Imperial Russian Embasy offers hospitality in Finsbury Park, London to the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] community for their religious activities.
 
−
* 1850 Greek Orthodox church built in London Street in the City.
 
−
* 1877 Greek Orthodox Church of the Divine Wisdom (St Sophia) in Bayswater built.
 
−
* 1899 [[Bede]] is made a "Doctor of the Church" <ref>The position of "Doctor of the Church" is a position of theological significance; St. [[Bede]] is the only man from Great Britain to achieve this designation ([[Anselm of Canterbury]], also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy</ref> by Leo XIII.
 
  
 +
==Modern Era (1821-1917)==
 
''Sometime between 1840 and 1924, St. [[Arsenios of Cappadocia]] prophesised that "The Church in the British Isles will only begin to truly grow again when it begins to venerate once more its own saints"''.
 
''Sometime between 1840 and 1924, St. [[Arsenios of Cappadocia]] prophesised that "The Church in the British Isles will only begin to truly grow again when it begins to venerate once more its own saints"''.
−
 
−
== Historical period (1901-1999)==
 
 
The following events require dates to be identified:
 
The following events require dates to be identified:
 
''Grand Duchess St. Elizabeth (a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and a great-aunt of Prince Philip) and St. John Maximovich, who have been associated with them in the recent past. The memory of Brother Lazaros, killed (some would say, martyred) within the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vivid... Monastery of St. John the Baptist in Essex, which depends directly on the Oecumenical Patriarchate and whose Founder was the saintly Archimandrite Sophrony, a pupil of St. Silouanos of the Holy Mountain.''
 
''Grand Duchess St. Elizabeth (a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and a great-aunt of Prince Philip) and St. John Maximovich, who have been associated with them in the recent past. The memory of Brother Lazaros, killed (some would say, martyred) within the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vivid... Monastery of St. John the Baptist in Essex, which depends directly on the Oecumenical Patriarchate and whose Founder was the saintly Archimandrite Sophrony, a pupil of St. Silouanos of the Holy Mountain.''
  
−
* 1906 Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas built in Cardiff.
+
*1837 Imperial Russian Embasy offers hospitality in Finsbury Park, London to the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] community for their religious activities.
−
* 1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek Orthodox community churches to [[Church of Greece]].
+
*1850 Greek Orthodox church built in London Street in the City.
−
* 1922 the Holy Synod of the Oecumenical Patriarchate recognises the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] with London as its seat; Germanos Strinopoulos choses as first Bishop and Metropolitan of Thyateira.
+
*1877 Greek Orthodox Church of the Divine Wisdom (St Sophia) in Bayswater built.
 +
*1899 [[Bede]] is made a "Doctor of the Church" <ref>The position of "Doctor of the Church" is a position of theological significance; St. [[Bede]] is the only man from Great Britain to achieve this designation ([[Anselm of Canterbury]], also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy</ref> by Leo XIII.
 +
*1906 Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas built in Cardiff.
 +
*1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek Orthodox community churches to [[Church of Greece]].
 +
 
 +
==Communist Era (1917-1991)==
 +
*1922 the Holy Synod of the Oecumenical Patriarchate recognises the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] with London as its seat; Germanos Strinopoulos choses as first Bishop and Metropolitan of Thyateira.
 
* ''{{Germanos was succeeded after his death in 1951 by Archbishop Athenagoras Kavadas (1951-1962); after his death by Archbishop Athenagoras Kokkinakis (1963-1979) and after his death by Archbishop Methodios Fouyias (1979-1988), who was replaced in April 1988 by the present incumbent of the Archdiocese, Archbishop Gregorios Theocharous (who for the previous 18 years had been Bishop of Tropaeou, serving in North London)}}''
 
* ''{{Germanos was succeeded after his death in 1951 by Archbishop Athenagoras Kavadas (1951-1962); after his death by Archbishop Athenagoras Kokkinakis (1963-1979) and after his death by Archbishop Methodios Fouyias (1979-1988), who was replaced in April 1988 by the present incumbent of the Archdiocese, Archbishop Gregorios Theocharous (who for the previous 18 years had been Bishop of Tropaeou, serving in North London)}}''
−
* 1958 Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]] seeks a monastic life in Essex of London.
+
*1958 Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]] seeks a monastic life in Essex of London.
−
* 1959 Patriarchal [[Stavropegic]] [[Monastery]] of [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|St John the Baptist]] founded by Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)|Sophrony]] in Tolleshunt Knights, Maldon, Essex under the [[jurisdiction]] of Metropolitan [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh|Anthony]] of [[Diocese of Sourozh|Sourozh]].
+
*1959 Patriarchal [[Stavropegic]] [[Monastery]] of [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|St John the Baptist]] founded by Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)|Sophrony]] in Tolleshunt Knights, Maldon, Essex under the [[jurisdiction]] of Metropolitan [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh|Anthony]] of [[Diocese of Sourozh|Sourozh]].
−
* 1962 The [[Diocese of Sourozh]] founded by Metropolitan [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh]].
+
*1962 The [[Diocese of Sourozh]] founded by Metropolitan [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh]].
−
* 1965 [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St John the Baptist]] moved under the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
+
*1965 [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St John the Baptist]] moved under the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
−
* 1966 St. [[John the Wonderworker]], Archbishop of London.
+
*1966 St. [[John the Wonderworker]], Archbishop of London.
−
* 1975 Repose of Metropolitan [[Nikolaos of Halkis]] in a London hospital; the Greek Orthodox community of Saint Panteleimon of Harrow established<ref>http://www.st-panteleimon.org/ </ref>
+
*1975 Repose of Metropolitan [[Nikolaos of Halkis]] in a London hospital; the Greek Orthodox community of Saint Panteleimon of Harrow established<ref>http://www.st-panteleimon.org/ </ref>
−
* 1978 [[Diocese of Sourozh]] buys the Cathedral of the [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Dormition and All Saints]], in London's [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Ennismore Gardens]].
+
*1978 [[Diocese of Sourozh]] buys the Cathedral of the [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Dormition and All Saints]], in London's [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Ennismore Gardens]].
−
* 1979 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] appointed to  
+
*1979 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] appointed to  
−
* 1980 The Antiochian Orthodox Society is established to serve the Arabic speaking and believing community.
+
*1980 The Antiochian Orthodox Society is established to serve the Arabic speaking and believing community.
−
* 1982 [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] consecrated to episcopacy.
+
*1982 [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] consecrated to episcopacy.
−
* 1988 [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Gregorios (Theocharous)]] elected Archbishop of Thyateira and Great Britain, [[April 16]] and enthroned at the Cathedral of Sophia in West London;
+
*1988 [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Gregorios (Theocharous)]] elected Archbishop of Thyateira and Great Britain, [[April 16]] and enthroned at the Cathedral of Sophia in West London;
−
* 1982 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos]] consecrated as Bishop for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]]  
+
*1982 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos]] consecrated as Bishop for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]]  
−
* 1993 Repose of Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]], [[July 11]].
 
−
* 1996 St. Aidan's Antiochian Orthodox Church in Manchester consecrated by Metropolitan [[Gabriel (Saliby)]].
 
  
−
== Historical Period (2000-present)==
+
==Post-Communist Era (1991-Present)==
−
* 2000 [[Theodoritos (Polyzogopoulos) of Nazianzos]] elected and consecrated [[Bishop]] of Nazianzos; [[Archdiocese of Thyateira]] annual Youth Conference held at Wood Green, North London, [[April 21]]; Monachos.net <ref> Monachos: http://www.monachos.net/ </ref> online discussion community set up by M.C. Steenberg.
+
*1993 Repose of Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]], [[July 11]].
−
* 2001 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] retires.
+
*1996 St. Aidan's Antiochian Orthodox Church in Manchester consecrated by Metropolitan [[Gabriel (Saliby)]].
−
* 2005 Mission in Macclesfield dedicated to St. Theodore of Canterbury opens in September.
+
*2000 [[Theodoritos (Polyzogopoulos) of Nazianzos]] elected and consecrated [[Bishop]] of Nazianzos; [[Archdiocese of Thyateira]] annual Youth Conference held at Wood Green, North London, [[April 21]]; Monachos.net <ref> Monachos: http://www.monachos.net/ </ref> online discussion community set up by M.C. Steenberg.
−
* 2006 the "Sourozh" drama plays out.
+
*2001 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] retires.
−
* 2007 [[Diocese of Diokleia]] elevated to Metropolis, [[March 30]]; Bishop [[Elisey of Sourozh]] consecrated;
+
*2005 Mission in Macclesfield dedicated to St. Theodore of Canterbury opens in September.
 +
*2006 the "Sourozh" drama plays out.
 +
*2007 [[Diocese of Diokleia]] elevated to Metropolis, [[March 30]]; Bishop [[Elisey of Sourozh]] consecrated;
 
:Repose of Metropolitan Gabriel Saliby (Antiochian);  
 
:Repose of Metropolitan Gabriel Saliby (Antiochian);  
 
:Bishop John Yazigi elected to Metropolitanate of Western and Central Europe, [[March 30]]  
 
:Bishop John Yazigi elected to Metropolitanate of Western and Central Europe, [[March 30]]  
−
* 2008 Enthronement of Metropolitan [[John (Yazigi) of Western Europe|John (Yazigi)]] of Western and Central Europe, [[September 20]] for the [[Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland]]; Monachos.net, in partnership with Ancient Faith Radio, launch weekly internet podcasts "A Word From the Holy Fathers", [[December 1]].
+
*2008 Enthronement of Metropolitan [[John (Yazigi) of Western Europe|John (Yazigi)]] of Western and Central Europe, [[September 20]] for the [[Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland]]; Monachos.net, in partnership with Ancient Faith Radio, launch weekly internet podcasts "A Word From the Holy Fathers", [[December 1]].
−
* 2009 Ordinary meeting of clergy held at the [[Diocese of Sourozh]] at the London Cathedral, [[February 28]]; [[Diocese of Sourozh]] Annual Conference [[May 22]]-[[May 25|25]] held in Reigate, Surrey.
+
*2009 Ordinary meeting of clergy held at the [[Diocese of Sourozh]] at the London Cathedral, [[February 28]]; [[Diocese of Sourozh]] Annual Conference [[May 22]]-[[May 25|25]] held in Reigate, Surrey.
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==

Revision as of 02:12, May 20, 2009

The early Christian writers Tertullian and Origen mention the existence of a British church in the third century AD and in the fourth century British bishops attended a number of councils, such as the Council of Arles in 314 and the Council of Rimini in 359.

The first member of the British church whom we know by name is St Alban, who, tradition tells us, was martyred for his faith on the spot where St Albans Abbey now stands.

The British church was a missionary church with figures such as St Illtud, St Ninian and St Patrick evangelising in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, but the invasions by the pagan Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the fifth century seem to have destroyed the organisation of the church in much of what is now England. In 597 a mission sent by Pope Gregory the Great and led by St Augustine of Canterbury landed in Kent to begin the work of converting these pagan peoples.

What eventually became known as the "Church of England" [1] was the result of a combination of three traditions, that of Augustine and his successors, the remnants of the old Romano-British traditions and the Celtic tradition coming down from Scotland and associated with people like St Aidan and St Cuthbert.

These three traditions came together as a result of increasing mutual contact and a number of local synods, of which the Synod of Whitby in 664 has traditionally been seen as the most important. The result was an English Church, led by the two Archbishops of Canterbury and York, that was fully assimilated into the mainstream Church. This meant that it was influenced by the wider development of the Christian tradition in matters such as theology, liturgy, church architecture, and the development of monasticism.

Regarding the British Isles, what is known about the state of the Church there at the time of the Great Schism is that subsequent to the Norman Invasion in 1066, church life was radically altered. Native clergy were replaced, liturgical reform enacted, and a strong emphasis on papal church control was propagated. As such, it is probably safe to say that, prior to 1066, the church of the British Isles was Orthodox, and the Normans brought the effects of the Great Schism to British soil. As such, it is probably proper to regard King Harold II as an Orthodox Christian.

It also meant that after King Harold II, the English church continued under the authority of the Pope and not with Orthodoxy and this article does not consider the historical development of the "Church of England" after this date.

Orthodoxy was reintroduced by the Church of Greece and by Russia ... [to be developed] ...

The greatest contributor towards documenting the ecclesiastical and political history of England is attested to St. Bede, who completed in 731 five volumes of his best known work The Ecclesiastical History of England.

Apostolic Era (33-100)

  • 63 Apostle of Britain Aristobulus consecrated as first bishop to Britain.

According to the compilers of the Synaxarion, three members of the Apostolic Church had been responsible for preaching the Gospel in Britain:

  • Apostle Peter who, after visiting Milan, had "passed over to the island of Britain, now called England, (where) he spent many years and turned many erring Gentiles to faith in Christ";
  • Apostle Aristobulus (brother of St. Barnabas), who is called the Apostle of Britain and who was its first bishop; and
  • Apostle Simon the Canaanite and Zealot. In these Islands, the Celtic Church had shone forth - especially during the glorious period known as the "Age of Saints" when its missionaries preached throughout much of Europe, becoming 'Equals to the Apostles';
  • Ireland had been a place of refuge for monks fleeing from iconoclastic persecution; so, later, it was referred to as "the New Thebais" on account of the number of its monasteries.

Ante-Nicene Era (100-325)

Nicene Era (325-451)

Byzantine Era (451-843)

(400-500)

(500-600)

According to historians, during this period St. Non, the mother of St. David of Wales, and the daughter of the nobleman Cynyr of Caer Goch of Pembrokeshire, reposed and St. Materiana of Cornwall, April 9, reposed early 6th-century at Minster of Cornwall.

(600-700)

(700-800)

(800-843)

No records as yet

Late Byzantine Era (843-1453)

Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821)

Great Schism. Church of England no longer with the Eastern Orthodox church. Orthodoxy re-establishes in Great Britain around the 16-17th century. citation needed

Modern Era (1821-1917)

Sometime between 1840 and 1924, St. Arsenios of Cappadocia prophesised that "The Church in the British Isles will only begin to truly grow again when it begins to venerate once more its own saints". The following events require dates to be identified: Grand Duchess St. Elizabeth (a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and a great-aunt of Prince Philip) and St. John Maximovich, who have been associated with them in the recent past. The memory of Brother Lazaros, killed (some would say, martyred) within the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vivid... Monastery of St. John the Baptist in Essex, which depends directly on the Oecumenical Patriarchate and whose Founder was the saintly Archimandrite Sophrony, a pupil of St. Silouanos of the Holy Mountain.

  • 1837 Imperial Russian Embasy offers hospitality in Finsbury Park, London to the Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain community for their religious activities.
  • 1850 Greek Orthodox church built in London Street in the City.
  • 1877 Greek Orthodox Church of the Divine Wisdom (St Sophia) in Bayswater built.
  • 1899 Bede is made a "Doctor of the Church" [19] by Leo XIII.
  • 1906 Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas built in Cardiff.
  • 1908 Oecumenical Patriarchate transfers its rights for four Greek Orthodox community churches to Church of Greece.

Communist Era (1917-1991)

Post-Communist Era (1991-Present)

Repose of Metropolitan Gabriel Saliby (Antiochian);
Bishop John Yazigi elected to Metropolitanate of Western and Central Europe, March 30

Notes

  • Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
  • The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
  • This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the Orthodox Church, though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

See also

External links

Greek Orthodox Church in Great Britain

Russian Orthodox Church in Great Britain

Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Western and Central Europe

For more information on the United Kingdom and Ireland visit:


References

  1. ↑ The "Church of England" (the Ecclesia Anglicana - or the English Church)
  2. ↑ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles list the year of St. Alban's execution as 283 not as 305.
  3. ↑ St. Alban is first mentioned in "Acta Martyrum", and also by Constantius of Lyon in his Life of St. Germanus of Auxerre, written about 480
  4. ↑ When he came to Ireland, as its enlightener, it was a pagan country; when he ended his earthly life some thirty years later, about 461, the Faith of Christ was established in every corner." (Great Horologion) The work of St Patrick and his brethren has been called the most successful single missionary venture in the history of the Church.
  5. ↑ The date of St. Gildas' birth can only tentatively be placed to the decades either side of the beginning of the Sixth Century. St. Bede indirectly suggests the year 493 for this event and this is the date adopted for this article.
  6. ↑ Saint Augustine of Canterbury is also called the "Apostle to the English".
  7. ↑ The "St Augustine Gospels" manuscript is the oldest surviving Latin illustrated Gospel book in existence.
  8. ↑ A bronze reliquary in which the relics of St. Aed of Ferns are kept is currently preserved in Dublin.
  9. ↑ St. Beuno the Wonderworker, Abbot of Clynnog, was uncle to St. Winefride of Treffynon, November 3, whom he also restored to life.
  10. ↑ Almost all that is known of St. Boisol or Boswell, is learn from St. Bede (Eccles. Hist., IV, xxvii, and Vita Cuthberti).
  11. ↑ The Mayo (Magh Eo, the yew plain), known as "Mayo of the Saxons". St. Bede writes of this monastery: "This monastery is to this day (731) occupied by English monks... and contains an exemplary body who gathered there from England, and live by the labour of their own hands (after the manner of the early Fathers), under a rule and canonical abbot, leading chaste and single lives."
  12. ↑ Cædmon is said to have taken holy orders at an advanced age and it is implied that he lived at Streonæshalch at least in part during Hilda’s abbacy (657–680). Book IV Chapter 25 of the Historia ecclesiastica appears to suggest that Cædmon’s death occurred at about the same time as the fire at Coldingham Abbey, an event dated in the E text of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to 679, but after 681 by Bede.
  13. ↑ Considered a local Saint by the Orthodox church of England but not formally canonised.
  14. ↑ The proper name of Milton Abbey is the Abbey Church of St. Mary, St. Samson and St. Branwalader.
  15. ↑ His [St. Cuthbert of Lindisfarne] body was still found to be untouched by decay, giving off "an odour of the sweetest fragrancy", and "from the flexibility of its joints representing a person asleep rather than dead.
  16. ↑ "In the year of salvation 1677 this Temple was erected for the nation of the Greeks, the Most Serene Charles II being King, and the Roual Prince Lord James being commander of the foreces, the Right Reverend Lord Henry Compton being Bishop, at the expense of the above and other Bishops and Nobles and with the concurrence of our Humility of Samos Joseph Georgeirenes, from the island of Melos." - Inscription from tablet carved in Greek preserved on the west wall of the church Charing Cross Road. This site is now occupied by St Mary's of Kenton a non-Orthodox denomination.
  17. ↑ From the series entitled "The Four Times of the Day"
  18. ↑ In Hogarth’s time the portion of the street where the church stood was called Hog Lane. It was later renamed Crown Street and was demolished when Charing Cross Road was widened.
  19. ↑ The position of "Doctor of the Church" is a position of theological significance; St. Bede is the only man from Great Britain to achieve this designation (Anselm of Canterbury, also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy
  20. ↑ http://www.st-panteleimon.org/
  21. ↑ Monachos: http://www.monachos.net/

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