Changes

The first member of the British church whom we know by name is St [[Alban]], who, tradition tells us, was martyred for his faith on the spot where St Albans Abbey now stands.

==Roman Britian: Introduction of Christianity (43-410)==

* '''Apostolic Era:''' ''According to the compilers of the [[Synaxarion]], three members of the Apostolic Church had been responsible for preaching the Gospel in Britain:''

::*[[Apostle Peter]] who, after visiting Milan, had "passed over to the island of Britain, now called England, (where) he spent many years and turned many erring Gentiles to faith in Christ";

::*[[Apostle Aristobulus]] (brother of St. [[Apostle Barnabas|Barnabas]]), who is called the Apostle of Britain and who was its first bishop; and

::*[[Eusebius of Caesarea]], (AD 260-340) Bishop of Caesarea and father of ecclesiastical history wrote: ''"The Apostles passed beyond the ocean to the isles called the Britannic Isles."''

::*Ireland had been a place of refuge for monks fleeing from iconoclastic persecution; so, later, it was referred to as "the New [[w:Thebaid|Thebais]]" on account of the number of its monasteries.

*51 [[w:Caratacus|Caratacus]], British resistance leader is captured and taken to Rome.

*61 [[w:Boudicca|Boudicca]], queen of the Iceni, let uprising against the Roman occupiers but was defeated and killed by the Roman governor, Suetonius Paulinus.

*ca.251 St. [[Alban]] Protomartyr of England.<ref group="note">The date of St Alban's martyrdom is uncertain, but it is believed that it took place during the reign of Decius (ca. 251) or Valerian (ca. 257). The eighteenth century Turin manuscript (which may be based on a fifth century source) suggests that St Alban may have been executed as early as 209, when the emperor Septimus Severus and his two sons were in Britain. The [[w:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle|Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]] list the year of St. Alban's execution as 283 not as 305.</ref>

*304 Death of [[Amphibalus]] at Verulamium (St Albans), Hertfordshire; [[Julius and Aaron]]<ref group="note">The earliest authority for their existence is St. [[Gildas]] in ''De Excidio Britanniae''.</ref> martyred at Caerleon, Britain, under the persecutions of the Emperor Diocletian; Socrates and Stephanus martyred in Monmouthsire.<ref group="note">Ss. Socrates and Stephanus appear in the ''Martyrologion Hieronymianum MS.50 from Trinity College, Dublin (11th-century) and one of the earliest amplifications of Bede's martyrology. Tradition holds them to be disciples of St. [[Amphibalus]].</ref>

*307 The Church in Britain enjoys peace from the persecutions

*313 "Edict of Toleration" (Milan), Christianity is made legal throughout the empire.

*325 [[First Ecumenical Council]] of Nicea convened by the Roman Emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]].

*337 Constantine received "Christian" baptism on his deathbed; joint rule of Constantine's three sons: Constantine II (to 340); Constans (to 350); Constantius (to 361)

*412 [[Patrick of Ireland]] has a vision of God informing him that he will leave for Ireland.

*415 ''Pelagianism is attacked at the [[Council of Diospolis]]''

*419 King [[Brychan of Brecknock]] born, ca. 419, in South Wales.

*429 [[Celestine of Rome|Celestine I]] dispatches prominent Gallo-Roman Bishops [[Germanus of Auxerre]] and Lupus of Troyes to Britain as missionary bishops and to combat the [[Pelagianism|Pelagian]] heresy.

*430 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] ordained by St. [[Germannus of Auxerre|Germannus]], Bishop of Auxerre.

*432 [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]] sent from Aesir in Gaul to mission to Ireland.

*440 [[Materiana]] born in Gwent of Wales.

*570 Repose of [[Gildas the Wise]], his relics allowed to drift; relics of [[Gildas the Wise]] recovered and translated to the church in Rhuys.

*573 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] returns to Scotland after exile; Kentigern evangelises Galloway and Cumberland.

*580 [[Aedan of Ferns]] returns to Ireland after studying under [[David of Wales|St. David]] in Wales.

*581 [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Kentigern]] returns to Glasgow.

*587 Death of [[David of Wales]].

*597 Death of [[Columba of Iona]], Enlightener of Scotland.

*632 Death of [[Aed of Ferns]],<ref group="note">A bronze reliquary in which the relics of St. [[Aed of Ferns]] are kept is currently preserved in Dublin.</ref> Bishop of Ferns in Ireland.

*635 [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne|Cuthbert]] born in Britain.

*647 Repose of [[Felix of Burgundy]], Apostle of East Anglia.

*650 The [[w:Book of Durrow|Book of Durrow]] illuminated manuscript Gospel Book is begun at [[w:Durrow Abbey|Durrow Abbey]], Ireland in the [[w:Insular art|Insular]] style; ([[Fursey of Lagny]]); {{citation}}

[[Image:Cuthbert.jpg|right|thumb|St. [[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne|Cuthbert the Wonderworker]], Bishop of Lindisfarne.]]

[[Image:Lindisfarne Gospels.jpg|right|thumb|Folio 27r from the [[Lindisfarne Gospels]] contains the incipit from the [[Gospel of Matthew]].]]

*669 [[Theodore of Tarsus]] arrives in Kent at the age of seven.

*672 Death of [[Chad of Lichfield]] and Mercia.

*673 Historian [[Bede]] born.

*1169-71 [[w:Norman invasion of Ireland|Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland]]; city of Dublin captured by the Roman Catholic Normans.

*1170 Abp. of Canterbury [[w:Thomas Becket|Thomas Becket]] is assassinated in December in Canterbury Cathedral, after having excommunicated the Abp. of York and the Bps. of London and Salisbury, who had held the coronation of Henry the Young King in York in June, in breach of Canterbury's privilege of coronation.[[Image:Flag of England.jpeg|right|thumb|[[w:Flag of England|Cross of St. George]], officially established as the national flag of England in the 16th c.]]

*1185 The present-day [[w:Lincoln Cathedral|Lincoln Cathedral]] is begun, after an earthquake destroyed its predecessor; the [[w:Knights Templar in England|Knights Templar in England]] consecrated [[w:Temple Church|Temple Church]] as their headquarters in London, a round church, patterned after the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.

*1194 King [[w:Richard I of England|Richard I]] (''Cœur de Lion, the Lionheart'') of England introduced the [[w:Flag of England|Cross of St. George]], a red cross on a white ground, as the National Flag of England.<ref group="note">During the crusades Richard the Lionheart claimed to have seen a vision of St George bearing a red-cross banner. Although he himself did not enter Jerusalem (declaring himself unworthy to do so), in gratitude for the victory he repaired the church over the grave of St George of Lydda and there took the saint as his personal patron.<br>The earliest reference to the cross of St George as an English emblem (not flag) was in a roll of account relating to the Welsh War of 1277.<br>Edward the Confessor was "patron saint" of England until 1348 when the greater importance of St George was promoted by the establishment of the Chapel of St George at Windsor.<br>St George's cross did not achieve any sort of status as the national flag until the 16th century, when all other saints' banners were abandoned during the Reformation. The earliest record of St George's flag at sea, as an English flag in conjunction with royal banners but no other saintly flags, was 1545.</ref>

*1295 King Edward I summons the [[w:Model Parliament|Model Parliament]], including members of the clergy and the aristocracy, as well as representatives from the various counties and boroughs.

*1296 The [[w:Stone of Scone|Stone of Scone]] was captured by Edward I as spoils of war and taken to Westminster Abbey, where it was fitted into a wooden chair, known as [[w:King Edward's Chair|King Edward's Chair]], on which most subsequent English sovereigns have been crowned.

*1337-1453 [[w:Hundred Years' War|Hundred Years' War]] between England and France.

*1347 Death of [[w:William of Ockham|William of Ockham]], English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher and a supporter of the doctrine of [[w:Apostolic poverty|Apostolic poverty]], which was held by fundamentalist Franciscan and [[w:Mendicant orders|mendicant orders]], bringing them into conflict with the pope; also the author of ''[[w:Occam's razor|Occam's Razor]].

*1348 King Edward III (1327–1377), known for promoting the codes of knighthood, founded the [[w:|Order of the Garter]] in 1348 and promoted St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]] as the patron saint of the English monarchy.<ref group="note">Prior to this, Saint [[Edmund the Martyr|Edmund]] had been considered the patron saint of England, although his veneration had waned since the time of the Norman conquest, and his cult was partly eclipsed by that of [[Edward the Confessor]].</ref>

*1349 Death of [[w:Richard Rolle|Richard Rolle]], English religious writer and [[w:Christian mysticism|mystic]], Bible translator, and hermit.

*1382-95 [[w:Wyclif's Bible|First English Bible]] translated by John Wyclif.[[Image:Flag of Scotland.jpeg|right|thumb|The Flag of Scotland, also known as the [[w:Flag of Scotland|Saint Andrew's Cross]] or more commonly The Saltire, officially adopted 16th c.]]

*1385 The [[w:Parliament of Scotland|Parliament of Scotland]] decreed that Scottish soldiers wear a white [[w:Saltire|Saint Andrew's Cross]] (''Saltire'') on their person, both in front and behind, for the purpose of identification.<ref group="note">The earliest reference to the Saint Andrew's Cross as a flag is to be found in the ''Vienna Book of Hours'', ca. 1503, where a white saltire is depicted with a red background.<br>In the case of Scotland, use of a blue background for the Saint Andrew's Cross is said to date from at least the 15th century, with the first certain illustration of a flag depicting such appearing in Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount's Register of Scottish Arms, ca. 1542.</ref>

===Tudor Era (1485-1603)===

*1494 English [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustinian]] mystic [[w:Walter Hilton|Walter Hilton]] writes his magnum opus, the ''Scala Perfectionis,'' or ''[http://biblestudy.churches.net/CCEL/H/HILTON/LADDER/LADDERTH.HTM Scale of Perfection].''

*1516 Leading [[w:Renaissance humanism|Renaissance humanist]] [[w:Thomas More|Thomas More]] writes ''[[w:Utopia (book)|Utopia]].''

*1521 Pope Leo X rewards King Henry VIII for his written attack on Luther by granting him the title ''"[[w:Fidei defensor|Defender of the Faith]]".''

==English Reformation (1534-1660)==

*1534 [[w:Acts of Supremacy|Act of Supremacy]] by which the Parliament of England declared King Henry VIII as '' 'the only supreme head on earth of the Church in England','' and affirming the legal sovereignty of the civil laws over the laws of the Church in England.

*1536-1541 [[w:Dissolution of the Monasteries|Dissolution of the Monasteries]], nunneries and friaries in England, Wales and Ireland.

*1536 The [[w:Pilgrimage of Grace|Pilgrimage of Grace]], a popular rising in York, Yorkshire, in protest against England's break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as well as other specific political, social and economic grievances; Wales is incorporated into England with the [[w:Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|Laws in Wales Acts 1536–1542]].

*1625-1642 [[w:Caroline era|Caroline Era]].

*1626 Death of Anglican Bp. [[w:Lancelot Andrewes|Lancelot Andrewes]], Bp. of Winchester, and head translator of the 1611 Authorised Version ("King James") Bible, remembered chiefly for his sublime sermons (lately admired and interpreted by Russian Orthodox theologian Nicolas Lossky for their patristic quality and profound affinities with Eastern Orthodox theology and liturgical texts).

*1649-1660 [[w:English Interregnum|Interregnum: Commonwealth of England]]: Anglicanism was disestablished and outlawed, and in its place, [[w:Presbyterianism|Presbyterian ecclesiology]] was introduced in place of the episcopate; the [[w:Thirty-Nine Articles|39 Articles]] were replaced with the [[w:Westminster Confession of Faith|Westminster Confession]], and the [[w:Book of Common Prayer|Book of Common Prayer]] was replaced by the [[w:Directory of Public Worship|Directory of Public Worship]].

*1650 Anglican Abp. of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland [[w:James Ussher|James Ussher]] writes his ''"Annals of the World,"'' a chronology that purported to establish the time and [[Byzantine Creation Era|date of the creation]] as the night preceding 23 October 4004 BC, according to the proleptic Julian calendar.

*1714-1837 [[w:Georgian era|Georgian Era]].

*1738 Print 'Noon'<ref group="note">From the series entitled ''"The Four Times of the Day"''.</ref> by [[w:William Hogarth|William Hogarth]]<ref group="note">In Hogarth’s time the portion of the street where the church stood was called Hog Lane. It was later renamed Crown Street and was demolished when Charing Cross Road was widened.</ref> shows evidence of a crowd exiting a Greek Orthodox church.

*1778 The Parliament of Great Britain enacted the [[w:Papists Act 1778|Papists Act 1778]], the first Act for Roman Catholic Relief, reversing some of the penalties imposed in [[w:Popery Act 1698|Popery Act 1698]].

*1780 The [[w:Gordon Riots|Gordon Riots]], an anti-Catholic uprising against the act of 1778, which became an excuse for widespread rioting and looting.

==United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801-1927)==

*1914 By this time in Great Britain there existed four thriving Greek Orthodox Communities, all centred around a Greek Church of their own: London ([[w:Saint Sophia (London)|Saint Sophia]]), Manchester (The Annunciation), Liverpool (Saint Nicholas), and Cardiff (Saint Nicholas).

*1918 The family of Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas]] II Romanov, [[Alexandra Romanov|Alexandra]] and their five children are lined up in their basement and shot.

*1922 Holy Synod of the Oecumenical Patriarchate recognises the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]] with London as its seat; [[Germanos (Strinopoulos) of Thyateria and Great Britain|Germonos (Strinopoulos)]], former Rector of the [[Theological School of Halki|Halki Theological Academy]], is chosen as the first Bishop and Metropolitan of Thyateira (1922-1951), and first Orthodox Bishop in Great Britain since the Norman conquest in 1066.

*1926 The [http://orientale-lumen.blogspot.com/ Society of St. John Chrysostom] is founded as a group of a group of Catholics of the Latin and Eastern Churches, along with friends in other traditions, promoting awareness and friendship in the Christian West for Christians of the East, through prayer and liturgy, conferences and lectures, and praying for the unity of the Churches of East and West.

==United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927-Present)==

*1928 [[Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius]] is founded; the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] appointed the 38-year-old Archimandrite Nicholas (Karpov) to London.

*1933 Canon John Douglas (1868-1956) became the Secretary of the Church of England Council on Foreign Relations, whose main object in dealing with the Orthodox was to obtain from them official recognition of Anglican Orders.<ref group="note">He was only partially successful, for only three Patriarchates (those of Constantinople, Alexandria and Jerusalem, together with the Church of Cyprus) made a favourable pronouncement. Later in 1936, the Romanian Church came to a similar conclusion. The rest of the Orthodox world, in the absence of the Russian Church which had been silenced under the Communist regime, refrained from committing itself either way.</ref>

*1941 Death of [[w:Evelyn Underhill|Evelyn Underhill]], an English [[w:Anglo-Catholicism|Anglo-Catholic]] writer and pacifist known for her numerous works on religion and spiritual practice, in particular [[w:Christian mysticism|Christian mysticism]].

*1948 HRH Princess Elizabeth, the present Queen, married the Greek Orthodox Prince Philip, the present Duke of Edinburgh; he was officially required to cease to be Orthodox, although he never ceased to make the Orthodox sign of the cross in public; Hieromonk [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh|Anthony (Bloom)]] was appointed Chaplain of the Anglican-Orthodox [[Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius]].

[[Image:Sophrony8.jpg|right|thumb|Archimandrite [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]] (+1993).]]

[[Image:Anthony Bloom.jpg|right|thumb|Metr. [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh]], (1962-2003).]]

*1952 Professor, lay theologian and [[Apologetics|Christian apologist]] [[C. S. Lewis]] writes ''[[w:Mere Christianity|Mere Christianity]],'' a classic of Christian apologetics.<ref group="note">Raised in a church-going family in the Church of Ireland, Lewis became an atheist at the age of 15, though he later paradoxically described his young self as being "very angry with God for not existing". Influenced by arguments with his Oxford colleague and friend [[w:J. R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkien]], and by the book ''[[w:The Everlasting Man|The Everlasting Man]]'' by [[w:G. K. Chesterton|G. K. Chesterton]], he slowly rediscovered Christianity. After his conversion to theism in 1929, Lewis converted to Christianity in 1931. A committed Anglican, Lewis upheld a largely orthodox Anglican theology, though in his apologetic writings, he made an effort to avoid espousing any one denomination. ''[[w:Mere Christianity|Mere Christianity]]'' was voted best book of the 20th century by the Evangelical magazine ''[[w:Christianity Today|Christianity Today]]'' in 2000.</ref>

*1957 Formation of the Vicariate of Sergievo of the Exarchate of Western Europe (Moscow Patriarchate), with Hieromonk [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh|Anthony]] becoming Bp. of Sergievo.

*1958 Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)]] seeks a monastic life in Essex of London; [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Timothy Ware]] converted from the Church of England to the Greek Orthodox Church.

*1959 Patriarchal [[Stavropegic]] [[Monastery]] of [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|St. John the Baptist]] founded by Elder [[Sophrony (Sakharov)|Sophrony]] in Tolleshunt Knights, Maldon, Essex under the [[jurisdiction]] of Metr. [[Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh|Anthony (Bloom)]] of [[Diocese of Sourozh|Sourozh]].

*1964 [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Gregorios (Theocharous)]] appointed Chancellor of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Archdiocese of Thyateira]].

*1965 [[Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist (Maldon, Essex)|Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St John the Baptist]] moved under the Ecumenical Patriarchate; [[Nicholas Couris]] ordained a priest for [[ROCOR]] in Ireland.

*1976 The first phase of the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue was concluded by the publication of ''The Moscow Agreed Statemen.''

*1977 Death of Fr. [[Nicholas Couris]]; the ''New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha - [[w:Revised Standard Version|Revised Standard Version]] (Expanded Edition)'' is published, endorsed by Abp. [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis)]] of Thyateira and Great Britain.

*1978 [[Diocese of Sourozh]] buys the Cathedral of the [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Dormition and All Saints]], in London's [[Church of the Dormition and All Saints (London)|Ennismore Gardens]].

*1979 Death of Abp. [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis)]] succeeded by Abp. [[Methodios (Fouyias)]] (1979-1988); [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] appointed; Bp. Kallistos (Ware) writes ''The Orthodox Way.''

[[Image:Kallistos Ware.jpg|right|thumb|The Most Reverend Metropolitan [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]], (1982-present).]]

*ca.1980-2010 [https://www.westdean.org.uk/CollegeChannel/Tutors/TutorProfilesandWork/AidanHart.aspx Aidan Hart] becomes England's leading professional iconographer, fresco painter and illuminator, completing over 700 private and church commissions, having his works commissioned by HRH The Prince of Wales, the Cathedrals of Hereford, Lichfield and Newcastle, Hexham Abbey, [[Iviron Monastery (Athos)|Iviron Monastery]] in [[Mount Athos]], and Saint John’s Abbey USA for [[w:The Saint John's Bible|The Saint John’s Bible]].

*1982 [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] consecrated as Bishop for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Thyateira and Great Britain]]; the [[St. Edward the Martyr Orthodox Brotherhood (Surrey, England)|Church of St. Edward the Martyr]] is founded in Brookwood, Surrey, England, under the authority of Metr. Cyprian of Oropos and Fili ([[Holy Synod in Resistance]]), to care for the sacred relics of Saint [[Edward the Martyr]].

*1984 The second phase of the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue was concluded with the publication of ''The Dublin Agreed Statement''.[[Image:Gregorios.jpg|right|thumb|His Eminence Abp. [[Gregorios (Theocharous) of Thyateira and Great Britain]] (1988-present).]]

*1998 [[Nicholas II of Russia]] and family properly laid to rest.

*1999 The [http://www.iocs.cam.ac.uk/history.html Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies] is founded in the ancient university city of Cambridge with the blessing of all Orthodox hierarchs in Western Europe, being a full member of the Cambridge Theological Federation; the [[Philokalia]], Volume 4 published by Faber&Faber.

*2001 Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]] retires.

*2002 In January, [[Hilarion (Alfeyev) of Volokolamsk|Hilarion Alfeyev]] was consecrated as Bishop of Kerch, an assistant bishop for the Sourozh diocese; on July 17th, the [[Church of Russia|Patriarchate of Moscow]] moved Bp. Hilarion out of the [[Diocese of Sourozh]], to become Head of the [http://orthodoxeurope.org/ Representation of the Russian Orthodox Church to the European Institutions]; Abp. of Canterbury Dr. Rowan Williams writes ''Ponder These Things: Praying With Icons of the Virgin.''

*2006 Bp. [[Basil (Osborne) of Amphipolis|Basil (Osborne)]] was accepted into the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on June 8 and accorded the title of ''Bishop of Amphipolis'' as head of the Episcopal [[w:Patriarchal_Exarchate_for_Orthodox_Parishes_of_Russian_Tradition_in_Western_Europe#Episcopal_Vicariate_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland|Episcopal Vicariate of Great Britain and Ireland]], within the [[Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe]].

*2007 The Holy Synod of the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] officially released Bp. [[Basil (Osborne) of Amphipolis|Basil (Osborne)]] from its jurisdiction on March 27; on December 27 the Diocese of Sourozh is reconstituted, as the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Russia]] appointed Bp. [[Elisey (Ganaba) of Sourozh|Elisey (Ganaba)]] as Bp. of Sourozh, bringing to an end the Temporary Administration of Abp. Innokenty, who was thanked for having restored peace to the Diocese; [[Diocese of Sourozh]] celebrated the 50th anniversary of the consecration of the ''Cathedral of the Dormition of the Mother of God and all Saints'' (known to Londoners simply as "[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45939 Ennismore Gardens]").

*2008 Enthronement of Metr. [[John (Yazigi) of Western Europe|John (Yazigi)]] of Western and Central Europe for the [[Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland]]; partnership between [http://www.monachos.net/content/ Monachos.net] (Patristic and Monastic website) and [[Ancient Faith Radio]], launching a series of weekly internet podcasts entitled ''"[http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/holyfathers A Word From the Holy Fathers]".''

*2009 With the retirement of Bp. [[Basil (Osborne) of Amphipolis]], the [[w:Patriarchal_Exarchate_for_Orthodox_Parishes_of_Russian_Tradition_in_Western_Europe#Episcopal_Vicariate_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland|Episcopal Vicariate of Great Britain and Ireland]] became the [[Deanery of Great Britain and Ireland]], coming directly under the omophorion of Abp. [[Gabriel (de Vylder) of Komana]] ([[Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe]]); Archpastoral visitation of Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion]] of ROCOR to Great Britain; Hieromonk Fr. Michael (Mansbridge-Wood) of ROCOR stated that [[Western Rite]] was celebrated on two successive Sundays in the Russian Orthodox Cathedral of the Dormition at Chiswick in London;<ref group="note">''"The Cathedral has a Lower Church (the original) and an Upper Church - which has just been finished. They have given us the Lower Church to use for [[Western Rite]]. So we celebrate our Western Rite in the Lower Church at the same time as they celebrate the Eastern Rite in the Upper Church..."''</ref> interviewing the Rt. Rev Paul Richardson, assistant Church of England Bishop of Newcastle, ''The Daily Telegraph'' on 27 June reported that Britain is no longer a Christian nation and that the [http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/coedead.htm Church of England could die out within a generation].

==See also==

*[[Western Rite Service Books]]

*[[Anglican Communion]]

'''Timelines'''

*[[Timeline of Church History]]

|-

|1990 ??||[[Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Scandinavia]]||[[Church of Serbia]]

|-

|1995||[[Antiochian Orthodox Deanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland]]||[[Church of Antioch]]

;Unknown dates:

<small>''If you know the dates for these events, please assist us''</small>

:* Grand Duchess St. Elizabeth (a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and a great-aunt of Prince Philip) and St. John Maximovich, who have been associated with them in the recent past.

:* The memory of Brother Lazaros, killed (some would say, martyred) within the Cathedral at Camberwell, remains vivid...

* Dowding, Janka. ''[http://www.mcgill.ca/files/classics/2004-05.pdf The Prevalence of Christianity in Roman Britain to AD 410].'' '''Hirundo: The McGill Journal of Classical Studies''', Volume III, pp.53-63, 2005.

* [[w:William Hugh Clifford Frend|Frend, William H. C.]] ''"Roman Britain, a Failed Promise."'' In: Martin Carver. '''The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe AD 300–1300.''' Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2003. pp.79–92. ISBN 1-84383-125-2.

* Petts, David. ''Christianity in Roman Britain.'' Tempus, 2003. ISBN 0752425404

* Smithett Lewis, Rev. Lionel (Vicar of Glastonbury). ''St. Joseph of Arimathea at Glastonbury, or The Apostolic Church of Britain.'' 7th ed. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co. Ltd., 1955. ISBN 0-227-67868-0

* Watts, Dorothy. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=MX0OAAAAQAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s Christians and Pagans in Roman Britain].'' Taylor & Francis, 1991. ISBN 0415050715

* Watts, Dorothy. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=8UJYbX2WKjIC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Religion in Late Roman Britain: Forces of Change].'' London: Routledge, 1998. ISBN 0415118557

'''Celtic Christianity'''

* Allchin, A.M., and Esther De Waal. ''Threshold of Light: Prayers and Praises from the Celtic Tradition.'' Templegate, 1988.

* Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia. ''“[[C. S. Lewis]]: An ‘Anonymous Orthodox’?”'' '''Sobornost''' (incorporating '''Eastern Churches Review''') , new series 17.2 (1995) , 9-27.

*[[Makarios (Tillyrides) of Kenya]]. ''“Orthodoxy in Britain: Past, Present, and Future.”'' In: John Behr, Andrew Louth, Dimitri Conomos (eds.). '''Abba, The Tradition of Orthodoxy in the West: Festschrift for Bishop Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia.''' Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2003. pp.135-155. ISBN 0-88141-248-1

'''Saints Lives'''