Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece

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This is a timeline regarding the presence of Orthodoxy in Greece.

Apostolic era (100-325)

  • c.47-48 Apostle Paul's mission to Cyprus.
  • c.49 Paul's mission to Philippi, Thessaloniki and Veria.
  • 49 Paul's mission to Athens.
  • c.51-52 Metropolis of Korinthos founded in its Apostolic form (Paul's first mission to Corinth); Paul writes his two Epistles to the Thessalonians are written in
  • c.54 Paul writes his First Epistle to the Corinthians.
  • c.55 Paul revisits Corinth.
  • c.56 Paul revisits Macedonia; he writes his Second Epistle to the Corinthians.
  • c.61 Paul shipwrecked in Crete.
  • c.95 Apocalypse of John written on the island of Patmos.
  • c.96 Dionysius the Areopagite, of the Seventy, martyred.
  • 124 Apostles Quadratus and Aristides present Christian apologies to Emperor Hadrian at Athens.
  • c.130 Apostle Quadratus, of the Seventy, reposes. [1]

Under Patriarch of Constantinople Era (100-1850)

The first period in the history of the Church ended with the edict of toleration in 313 under Constantine the Great, which prepared the way for Christianity to become the state religion of the later Roman and Byzantine empires:

Early Byzantine era (451-843)

Byzantine Imperial era (843-1204)

Latin Occupation (1204-1456)

  • 12th-Century Skete life begins in Meteora
  • 1204 Latin Occupation, mainland Greece under Franks and Venetians
  • 1222 The Byzantines recover Thessaloniki (Salonica)
  • 1235 St. Olympiada and nuns martyred by pirates on Mytilene of Lesbos
  • 1249 Mystras citadel built by Franks in the Peloponnese
  • 1275/76 Persecution of Athonite monks by Emp. Michael VIII and Pat. John Vekkos, Death of 26 martyrs of Zographou monastery on Mt. Athos, martyred by the Latins
  • 1309 Rhodes falls to the Knights of St. John, who establish their headquarters there, renaming themselves the "Knights of Rhodes"
  • 1336 Meteora in Greece are established as a center of Orthodox monasticism
  • 1338 Gregory Palamas writes Triads in defense of the Holy Hesychasts, defending the Orthodox practice of hesychast spirituality and the use of the Jesus Prayer
  • 1359 Death of Gregory Palamas
  • 1360 Death of John Koukouzelis the Hymnographer
  • 1382 Founding of the Great Meteora Monastery
  • 14th-Century "Golden Age" of Thessaloniki, many churches and monasteries are built; Hesychast controversy, defense of St. Gregory Palamas
  • 1426 Death of New Martyr Ephraim of Nea Makri
  • 1429 The Turks capture Thessaloniki
  • 1430 The monks of Mount Athos submit to Sultan Murad II and keep their autonomy
  • 1438 Council of Florence unsuccessfully tries to unit Greek East and Latin West.
  • 1450 Death of Empress Helena Palaeologus (St. Ipomoni of Loutraki)
  • 1453 Fall of Constantinople to invasion of the Ottoman Turks, ending the Roman Empire; Death of [[Constantine XI Palaiologos, last of the Byzantine Emperors, martyred by the Ottoman Turks.

Ottoman Turkish Occupation (1456-1821)

Greek War of Independence (1821-1829)

  • 1821 Greek War of Independance begins; Archbishop Germanos calls for Greek revolution at the Aghia Lavra, Peloponnese; Martyrdom of Patriarch Gregory V.
  • 1823 Annunciation icon of the Mother of God found on Tinos
  • 1827 Europe recognises the autonomy of Greece
  • 1828 John Capodistrias first president of Greece and confiscates Athonite metochia; Greek church opened in London (second time)

First Hellenic republic (1829-1832)

  • 1829 First Hellenic republic (1829-1832)
  • 1832 European powers establish Greek protectorate; Otho I enthroned as Greek King

Kingdom of Greece (1833-1924)

Autocephalous Era (1850-Present)

  • 1850 autocephaly of the Church of Greece recognised by Patriarch Anthimos IV of Constantinople; certain conditions issued in "Tomos" decree; as a result the Greek National Church must maintain special links to the "Mother Church".
  • 1863 George I enthroned as King of Greece
  • 1866 Greek church takes the diocese of the Ionian Islands from Constantinople; the holocaust of Arkadi Monastery in Crete.
  • 1871 Patriarch Gregory V returned to Athens and entombed in cathedral.
  • 1877 Death of Arsenios of Paros (August 18)
  • 1881 Turks cede Thessali and Arta regions to Greece; Thessaly and part of Epirus added to the Church of Greece.
  • 1888 Death of Panagis of Lixouri (Cephalonia)
  • 1901 Publication of Gospels in modern Greek. Riots ensue and publications are withdrawn from circulation.
  • 1912 Epirus, Macedonia and eastern islands, from Northern territories of Greece, are liberated and come under the administration of the Greek Church.
  • 1912-13 First and Second Balkan Wars; liberation of Thessaloniki from the Turks
  • 1913-14 Greeks anex Crete, Chios and Mytiline, World War I
  • 1917 Hierarchy of the Greek Church changed in accordance with political control of the country of Greece.
  • 1920 Death of Nektarios of Pentapolis (Aegina); Dodecanese Islands ceded to Greece by Italy
  • 1922 Metropolis of Aitolia and Akarnania founded in its modern form; Metropolitan Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna is lynched by a Turkish mob on Sunday September 10, considered an Ethnomartyr of the Orthodox Church and Greek nation; Greek troops advancing on Constantinople are routed by Turks
  • 1923 Exchange of Christian and Moslem population between Greece and Turkey; Treaty of Lausanne hands over control of the Holy Mountain to Greece

Second Hellenic Republic (1924-1935)

Kingdom of Greece Restored (1935-1967)

Military Dictatorship (1967-1974)

Third Hellenic Republic (1974-Present)

Notes

  • Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
  • The division of Church History into separate eras as we do here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though we have tried to group periods according to major watershed events.
  • This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the Orthodox Church, though a number of non-Orthodox events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy.

See also


Notes

  1. ↑ Date from the 'Prologue from Ohrid
  2. ↑ Church of Piraeus 91.2 FM Website (Greek)
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