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Timeline of Orthodoxy in Australia

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Local Theological School
{{orthodoxyinaustralasiaorthodoxyinaustralia}} This is a timeline regarding the presence of Orthodoxy in Australia. 
==Community Churches==
*1810 First known Orthodox (Russian) permanent resident arrives in Australia. Wife of a British Military officer freshly arrived from the Peninsular War.
*1820 April: First Orthodox service in Australia. Held at Kirribilli Point (Sydney) by Fr . Dionisii, a Russian Orthodox [[chaplain ]] on the ''Vostok''.
*1850s: Massacres of Orthodox Christians by the Ottoman Turks in Greece, Lebanon, Mount Lebanon, Syria, and other parts of the Middle East see a great displacement of Orthodox from these regions.
*1868: Fr . Christoforos Arsenios settles at Clermont in Central Queensland. No record exists of any services conducted.
*1880s: Numbers of Greek and Arabic speaking Orthodox arrive in Australia. Later Russians arrive as well.
*1890s: Russian, Syrian, and Greeks set up community worship groups where all involved are welcome. Commmunity churches are organised.
*1896: [[Archimandrite]] [[Dorotheos (Bakaliaros)]] is first resident [[priest ]] who functions as such. Conducts services in Melbourne and Sydney.
*1897: Joint Greek, Russian, and Syrian Orthodox communities in Sydney (New South Wales) and Melbourne (Victoria) are established.
*1898 [[May 29]]: Foundation stone laid in Sydney of the first Orthodox Church in Australia (included Greek, Russian and Syrian worshippers and contributors). Dedicated to Holy Trinity.:: Greek-speaking Patriarch of Antioch [[deposition|deposed]]. Intense lobbying underway between Antioch and Constantinople. Relations become acrimonious.
::Patriarch of Jerusalem considered neutral in this dispute and asked by community churches to send out priests for Australia and New Zealand.
::The [[Church of Jerusalem]] appoints Fr . Seraphim Phocas to Sydney and Fr . Athanasios Kantopoulos to Melbourne.*1899: Refusal of the Patriarch of Constantinople to recognise the newly elected Arabic-speaking Patriarch of Antioch and All the East causes a parting of the way between the Greek speaking Orthodox and the Arabic speaking Orthodox around the world including Australia. Russian speaking Orthodox also suffer in the fall-out. *1900: Foundation stone laid in Melbourne of first exclusively Greek speaking Orthodox Church. Dedicated to the [[Annunciation]].*1902: [[Church of Greece]] takes responsibility for Greek parishes [[parish]]es in Australia from the Church of Jerusalem.*1903: Fr . Nikandros Bettines arrives in Melbourne from Zakynthos, sent by the Archbishop of Athens.*1908: [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] arbitrates and awards [[jurisdiction ]] of Greek parishes in Australia to the Church of Greece.*1913: Fr . Nicholas Shehadie appointed Patriarchal [[Exarch ]] for Australia and New Zealand by His Beatitude Gregorious Haddad Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East. *1913: First Exarch of Australia and New Zealand, Fr . Nicholas Shehadie arrives in Sydney and serves as parish priest of Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church Surry Hills.*1917: Bolshevik revolution in Russia sees large numbers of Russians and allied peoples displaced and fleeing genocidal massacres there and in satelite countries over the next 10 years. Many flee to western Europe, and then North America, and South America. Others flee to Asian Russia and then to China, Japan, South East Asia, Philippines, and Australasia.
*1919: Exarchate of Australia and New Zealand is confirmed as permanent by [[Church of Antioch|Patriarch of Antioch]].
*1920 [[May 23]]: Foundation stone laid at Walker and Redfern Sts Streets Redfern, Sydney, by the Vicar-General of the [[Diocese ]] of Sydney, for the first exclusively [[Church of Antioch|Syrian Orthodox]] church in Australia. Right Reverend Father [[Nicholas Shehadie|Nicola Shehade]] becomes pastor of Redfern, and continues as Exarch of Australia and New Zealand.*1920s: Genocidal massacres in modern Turkey following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire see millions of people displaced. Large numbers of Orthodox flee to the new world including North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand and Oceania.
==Local BishopBishops==*1924 Mar [[March 7]]: Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Australia and New Zealand established by Ecumenical Patriarchate.::Jul [[July 8]]: Greek Orthodox Metropolitan [[Christoforos (Knitis) of SamosAustralia and New Zealand|Christoforos (Knitis)]] of Australia and New Zealand arrives.*1925: First Russian church acquired in Brisbane. Was dedicated to St . Nicholas.*1929: Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Christoforos (Knitis) deposed, exiled to Samos.*1930s<!-- more precise dates, please -->: First Russian Orthodox priest in Sydney, Father Methodious, resides with Antiochian Orthodox family of Anis and Aman Birbara. Until the purchase of a house in Moore Park, and its conversion into a [[church]], [[Archimandrite]] Methodious held all his Sydney services at the Antiochian Orthodox church of St. George Redfern.*1931 Sep [[September 18]]: [[Timotheos (EvangelinidesEvangelinidis) of Rhodes|Timotheos (EvangelinidesEvangelinidis)]] elected Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Australia and New Zealand by Ecumenical Patriarchate.*1932 Jul [[July 26]]: Metropolitan Timotheos (EvangelinidesEvangelinidis) arrives in Australia.*1934 [[May 15]]: Antiochian Orthodox Exarch Father Nicholas Shehadie (Antiochian) passes away from asthma. Funeral at St . George Redfern is presided over by Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Timotheos. *1935 : Father Nicholas' son [[Michael Shehadie|Michael]] is [[ordination|ordained ]] [[deacon ]], then priest , on behalf of the Patriarch of Antioch , by Metropolitan Timotheos. *1930s 1936: First Russian Orthodox priest church established in SydneyWestern Australia, Father Methodiousunder Greek Orthodox Archdiocese, resides with Antiochian Orthodox family of Anis and Aman Birbaradedicated to Ss. Until the purchase of a house in Moore Park, Constantine and its conversion into a church, Archimandrite Methodious held all his Sydney services at the Antiochian Orthodox church of St George RedfernHelen. *1947 Apr [[April 22]]: Archimandrite [[Theophylactos (Papathanasopoulos) of Australia and New Zealand|Theophylactos (Papathanasopoulos)]] elected Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Australia and New Zealand by Ecumenical Patriarchate.*1948 Nov: First [[ROCOR|Russian Orthodox]] [[Bishop]] [[Theodore (Rafalsky) of Sydney|Theodore (Rafalsky)]] arrives in Australia. He studied theology in Russia before World War I with Sydney's Antiochian Orthodox priest Fr . Michael Shehadie.:::First Ukrainian Orthodox services held in Canberra by Fr . A. Theodorovych.*1949: First [[Serbian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand|Serbian Orthodox]] services held by Fr . Sv. Sekulic.*1950: First [[Church of Bulgaria|Bulgarian Orthodox]] parish in Melbourne.*1952: First [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)|Estonian Orthodox]] parish established by Fr . D. Juurma.*1955/56: Bishop [[Sava (Rayevsky) of Sydney|Sava]] becomes Bishop of Australia and New Zealand (ROCOR). *1958 Aug [[August 2]]: Metropolitan Theophylactos (Papathanasopoulos) killed in car accident in Melbourne.*1959 Apr [[April 27]]: Greek Orthodox Metropolitan [[Ezekiel (Tsoukalas) of Pisidia|Ezekiel (Tsoukalas)]] of Australia and New Zealand arrives in Australia.::Sep [[September 1]]: The Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Australia and New Zealand becomes the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia and New Zealand, and Metropolitan Ezekiel becomes Archbishop.
*1961: St Andrew's Brotherhood set up by Archbishop Ezekiel for the improvement of Greek Orthodox Archdiocesan services.
::JanJanuary: First Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.::Jun [[June 19]]: Land purchased for Greek Orthodox St George Monastery, Springwood.*1964-1969 Father Fr. Nicolas Mansour is Patriarchal Vicar-General of the Antiochian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand
*1965: Second Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.
*1967: Father Nicolas Mansour appointed Exarch of Antiochian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand, bestowed with pectoral cross and adorned with it by Greek Orthodox Archbishop Ezekiel at request of Patriarch Ignatius of Antioch
 ==A Proliferation New Generation of Bishops==
*1969: Archimandrite [[Gibran (Ramlawey) of Australia and New Zealand|Gibran (Ramlawey)]] dispatched from USA by Patriarch Ignatius of Antioch to investigate future of Antiochian Orthodox Church in Australasia.
::OctOctober: Antiochian Orthodox Eparchy Diocese of Australasia established by [[Holy Synod ]] of Antioch.::NovNovember: First Antiochian Orthodox hierarch, Bishop [[Gibran (Ramlawey) of Australia and New Zealand|Gibran (Ramlawey)]] of [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia and New Zealand|Australasia]], returns to Australia and commences duties as first Bishop Patriarchal [[Vicar]] of Australia and New Zealand.::Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Iakovos of Philadelphia arrives as [[Exarch]] of the Ecumenical Patriarchateto investigate future of Greek Orthodox Church in Australia and in New Zealand.
*1970: Sister Dorothea places St Basil's Homes for the Aged under the patronage of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese.
::JanJanuary: New Zealand is separated from the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia]], and becomes a separate [[Greek Orthodox Metropolis of New Zealand]] with jurisdiction over Southeast Asia, Japan and Korea.
*1971 [[OCA|Orthodox Church in America]] presence begins in Australia with reception of one disaffected [[ROCOR]] parish in Bankstown, New South Wales, along with three priests.
::Simultaneously [[Church of Poland|Polish Orthodox]] presence begins in Australia with reception of a disaffected priest from ROCOR.
*1972: Third Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.
::Dec [[December 20]]: First [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox]] parish established in Carlton, Melbourne. Dedicated to Ss . Peter and Paul.*1974: Bishop Nikolai (Mrdja), elected First [[Serbian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand|Serbian Orthodox]] hierarch for Australia; enthroned December 30.:: Bishop Nikolai (Mrdja), First *1975 [[Serbian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand|Serbian OrthodoxFebruary 13]] hierarch for Australia arrives in Australia.:: Dec 30: First [[Serbian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand|Serbian Orthodox]] hierarch, Bishop Nikolai (Mrdja), enthroned.*1975 Feb 13: Metropolitan Stylianos (Harkianakis) of Miletoupolis elected Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Australia.::Apr [[April 15]]: Archbishop [[Stylianos (Harkianakis) of Australia|Stylianos (Harkianakis)]] of Australia arrives.::: Enthroned [[April 26: Archbishop Stylianos enthroned]].*1979 Sep [[September 22]]: [[Standing Conference of Canonical Orthodox Churches of Australia]] established, with the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Archbishop of Australia as permanent chairman.*1981 JanJanuary: Fourth Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.*1982: First Greek Orthodox National Youth Conference held at University of Melbourne. Resolution passed to hold Greek Orthodox National Youth Conferences every second year thereafter, with Greek Orthodox State Youth Conferences held on the alternate year.
*1983: Greek Orthodox St Andrew's Brotherhood revived and better organised by Archbishop Stylianos.
*1984: Second Greek Orthodox National Youth Conference held in Sydney.*1985 Jan [[January 27]]-29: Fifth Greek orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Brisbane, [[List of parishes in Queensland|Queensland]]. Congress resolves to contruct a local theological college.
::May: Construction of [[St. Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College (Sydney, Australia)|St. Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College]] commences. College prepares to open in 1986.
*1988 Sep 13: [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] establishes first parish in Melbourne, dedicated to Holy Trinity.
*1989: Moscow Patriarchate consecrates second church in Sydney.
*1999: Australia and New Zealand raised to the status of an Archdiocese by the Patriarch of Antioch and All the East. Archimandrite Paul Saliba, parish priest in Washington DC, USA, elected Metropolitan Archbishop of Australia, New Zealand and All Oceania by the Holy Synod of Antioch.
==Local Theological School==
*1986 FebFebruary: St. Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College begins teaching.*1988 [[September 13]]:::Third National Youth Conference held [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] establishes first parish in Melbourne, dedicated to Holy Trinity. *1989 JanJanuary: Sixth Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Melbourne.:::Fourth National Youth Conference held Moscow Patriarchate established second parish in Melbourne*1991: Fifth National Youth Conference held in AdelaideSydney.*1991-94: [[Schism ]] occurs in from Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia. [[Church of Jerusalem|Patriarchate of Jerusalem]] accepts schismatic parishes and begins jurisdiction in Australia. Great protests from Archbishop Stylianos and Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew]] ensue, culminating in an expanded Greek-speaking synod and the [[excommunication ]] of the bishops that went to Australia. Jerusalem withdraws from Australia, causing those parishes form (with Bp Paul of Christianopolis) either to unite to local schismatic bishops or to join old-calendarist synods.*1992: First visit of an Orthodox Patriarch to Australasia. Patriarch [[Ignatius IV (Hazim) of Antioch|Ignatius IV of Antioch]] and All the East visits the Antiochian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand.*1993 JanJanuary: Seventh Greek Orthodox Clergy-Laity Congress held in Sydney.*19941996 February: Sixth National Youth Conference held in BrisbaneModern English version of the [[Divine Liturgy]] of St John Chrysostom is published by Professor David Frost for the Antiochian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand.*1996 ::Nov: First Visit of Ecumenical PatriarchatePatriarch.*1998 Jan: Eighth Clergy-Laity Congress (Greek Orthodox) held in Sydney.*1999 Jan: Bp. Gibran, Patriarchal Exarch for the Antiochian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand, reposes.::March:Seventh National Youth Conference held The Antiochian Orthodox Diocese of Australasia raised to the status of Archdiocese by Holy Synod of Antioch and All the East. ::September: Archimandrite Paul Saliba, parish priest in SydneyWashington DC, USA, elected Metropolitan Archbishop of Australia and New Zealand by the Holy Synod of Antioch.
*2002: [[St. Andrew's Orthodox Press]] established to publish ''The Greek-Australian Vema'', the official newspaper of the Archdiocese.
*2003: The Hobart Schism. The Greek Orthodox Community in Hobart (formed prior to the 1970s) ask a schismatic [[clergy]]man to replace their rector; the incumbent rector founds new parish, excommunicating all Greek Orthodox in Hobart that did not follow him. The schism was later healed when the Community returned to the Archdiocese, leaving two parishes in Hobart.
*2004: Permanent Romanian Orthodox priest in Western Australia.
*2006: St. Andrew's Orthodox Press publishes ''The Divine Liturgy of our Father among the Saints John Chrysostom'' in hardback.
:October: Bishop [[Irinej_%28Dobrijevic%29_of_Australia_and_New_Zealand|Irenej]] succeeds Bishop [[Milutin (Knezevic) of Valjevo|Milutin]] as the [[Serbian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand|Serbian Orthodox Bishop]] of Australia and New Zealand.
*2008: [[Romanian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand]] established, led by Bishop [[Michael (Filimon)|Mihail (Filimon) of Australia and New Zealand]].
*2010: First Episcopal Assembly of Bishop in Oceania. Divine Liturgy concelebrated by bishops from Greek (Australia and New Zealand), Antiochian, ROCOR, Serbian and Romanian dioceses and archdioceses, followed by meeting and a declaration issued. Bishops met annually after this.
:[[Nikanor (Savic)]] of Athos, Australia and New Zealand glorified by the Church of Serbia.
*2011: Archimandrite [[Iakovos (Tsigounis) of Militoupolis|Iakovos (Tsigounis)]] elected Bishop of Militoupoleos, auxiliary to Archbishop Stylianos in the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia.
*2012 Apr: First 'synaxis' of all canonical priests of Victoria, with bishops, at Oakleigh, Melbourne.
*2013 Jan: The end of the [[Australian jurisdictions without a local bishop|OCA]] presence in Australia (with the repose of Fr Ian Bojko in Brisbane).
:May: First concelebration of bishops and priests from most canonical jurisdictions of the Episcopal Assembly, commemorating the Edict of Milan.
==Sources==
*[http://www.stgeorgecathedral.com.au/news/jubilee.html St George Cathedral and its People - Past, Present and Future] - history of the Antiochian Orthodox Church in Australia (Sydney) and the parish of St George Cathedral
[[Category:Orthodoxy_in_AustraliaOrthodoxy in Australia]][[Category:Church History]][[Category:Timelines|Australia]]
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