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*1323 French Dominican friar [[w:Jordanus|Jordanus Catalani de Severac]] arrives in [[w:Kollam|Kollam]] (Quilon).
*1329 August 9, erection of the first Roman Catholic Diocese in India, in the state of Kerala, being the [[w:Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon|Diocese of Quilon]] (or Kollam); re-erected on September 1, 1886.<ref group="note">Pope John XXII (in captivity in Avignon) erected Quilon as the first Diocese in the whole of Indies, as suffragan to the Archdiocese of Sultany in Persia, through the decree ''Romanus Pontifix''.</ref> French Dominican friar [[w:Jordanus|Jordanus Catalani de Severac]] is appointed as the first Bishop of Quilon.
*1490 Two -1503 [[Assyrian Church of the East|East Syrian]] mission to India: two Chaldean bishops, John and Thomas, in Kerala. <ref group="note">Between 1490 and 1503 the [[Assyrian Church of the East|Church of the East]] responded to the request of a mission to Mesopotamia from the East Syrian Christians of the Malabar Coast of India for bishops to be sent out to them. In 1490 two Christians from Malabar arrived in [[w:Cizre|Gazarta]] to petition the patriarch Shemʿon IV (Basidi) to consecrate a bishop for their church. Two monks of the monastery of [[w:Mar Awgin|Mar Awgin]] were consecrated bishops and were sent to India. Shemʿon IV died in 1497, to be followed by the short-reigned Shemʿon V, who died in 1502. His successor Eliya V (1502-03) consecrated three more bishops for India in April 1503. These bishops sent a report to the patriarch from India in 1504, describing the condition of the East Syrian church in India and reporting the recent arrival of the Portuguese. Eliya had already died by the time this letter arrived in Mesopotamia, and it was received by his successor, Shemʿon VI (1504–38). (''MSS Vat Syr 204a and Paris BN Syr 25'')</ref>
*1494 June 7, [[w:Treaty of Tordesillas|Treaty of Tordesillas]]: division of the world and mission lands between Spain and Portugal.
*1517 The Portuguese discover the tomb of St. Thomas in Mylapore.
*1518 The ''"Book of [[w:Duarte Barbosa|Duarte Barbosa]]"'' mentions St. Thomas and his tomb at Mylapore, narrating the legends regarding the martydom of St Thomas, also that local Christians go there on pilgrimage and carry away many relics.
*1530 Goa becomes the capital of [[w:Portuguese India|Portuguese India]].
*1533 Portuguese establish the Latin [[w:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Diocese of Goa]] in the hope of bringing the St. Thomas Christians under their jurisdiction.
*1540 The Franciscan Fr. Vincent De Lagos starts the [[w:Kodungallur|Cranganore]] Seminary.
*1606 Pope Paul V, in elevating ''San Thome of Mylapore'' to a cathedral, declared that ''“there lay buried the body of St. Thomas.”''
===Jacobite Era : The Marthoma Metrans & Malankara Metropolitans (1653-1912)===
*1653 January 3, '''[[w:Coonan Cross Oath|Coonan Cross Oath]]''' at [[w:Mattancherry|Mattancherry]], Cochin, by which all connections with the Portuguese Roman Catholics and Jesuits (Roman Catholic supremacy) was rejected by the St Thomas Christians; about 25,000 Saint Thomas Christians and 633 clergy led by Archdeacon Thomas declared independence against the foreign aggression, by holding on to a rope which was tied around the stone cross in front of the church in Mattancherry, and taking an oath rejecting and pubicly avowing the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church over them; Archdeacon Thomas was consecrated by 12 priest elders as [[w:Mar Thoma I|Mar Thoma I]], the first bishop of the Malankara Church.<ref group="note">Before that the [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]] was ruled by Malankara Mooppens (elders).</ref>
*1653-1670 [[w:Mar Thoma I|Mar Thoma I]], also known as Valia Mar Thoma, was the first bishop of the Malankara Church.
*ca.1659-1663 The [[w:Dutch East India Company|Dutch East India Company]] conquered the entire Malabar Coast from the Portuguese, almost entirely driving them from the west coast of India; when news of a peace agreement between Portugal and the Netherlands reached Asia in 1663, Goa was the only remaining Portuguese city on the west coast.
*1661 Pope [[w:Pope Alexander VII|Alexander VII]] sent Syrian Bp. Sebastiani at the head of a Carmelite delegation to Malabar, in order to establish a hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Chaldean (formerly Nestorian) rite under Rome, in order to pacify the distressed St. Thomas Christians.
*1663 '''Schism:''' '''[[w:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]''' is formed, when most of the St. Thomas Christians (84 out of 116 communities) cut their ancient ties with the churches in Persia and joined the Roman Catholic Communion in 1663 AD, with the ordination of [[w:Alexander de Campo|Chandy Bishop]] (Alexander de Campo) as the first Syrian Vicar Apostolic Malpan of Malabar; this section was called the ''Old Party (Pazhayakuttukur)''; the rest of the Malankara communities (32) joined the Syrian Jacobite (Monophysite) Church, brought to Malabar in 1665 by Bishop Gregorios from Jerusalem; the [[w:Dutch East India Company|Dutch East India Company]] captures [[w:Kochi, India|Cochin]] from the Portuguese (i.e. from 1503 to 1663, Fort Kochi was ruled by Portugal).
[[Image:MarGregorios.jpg|right|thumb|St. [[w:Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel|Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] of Jerusalem (+1681), playing a crucial role in the defense of Oriental Orthodoxy in India.]]
*1665-1681 Oriental Orthodox Metr. of Jerusalem [[w:Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel|Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] played a crucial role in India in the defense of the Oriental Orthodox faith and [[w:Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Suryani]] tradition following the [[w:Coonan Cross Oath|Coonan Cross Oath]] (Koonan Kurishu Sathyam).<ref group="note">[[w:Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel|Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] was glorifed on April 4, 2000 by His Holiness Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Zakka I Iwas|Ignatius Zakka I]] of the Syrian Orthodox Church).</ref>
*'''1665''' "Jacobite" bishop, [[w:Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel|Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] of Jerusalem came to India, confirming the Episcopal consecration of [[w:Mar Thoma I|Mar Thoma I]] as the head of the Orthodox Church in India; this was a new beginning in the history of the '''modern [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]];''' the Western Syrian language and Antiochene liturgy was adopted in their church; those who accepted Mar Gregory became known as the ''New Party (Puthankuttukar)''; thus started the connection with the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch, in 1665.<ref group="note">The [[Church of India]] maintains that this was a spiritual connection between sister churches at first, but gradually the Syrian Patriarchs of Antioch began to exercise control and claim jurisdiction over the Indian church. Therefore again, the Indian Christians protested against foreign domination. Thus, by 1912, as a symbol of freedom, autocephaly and apostolic identity were declared, the ''Catholicosate'' was established, and an Indian Orthodox Metropolitan was elected as the head (Catholicos) of the Malankara Church. Another group continued to maintain allegiance to the patriarchal claims and therefore litigation in courts occurred.</ref>
*1670-1686 [[w:Mar Thoma II|Mar Thoma II]]
*1686-1688 [[w:Mar Thoma III|Mar Thoma III]]
*1688-1728 [[w:Mar Thoma IV|Mar Thoma IV]]; during his period the Church passed through a number of persecutions.
*1728-1765 [[w:Mar Thoma V|Mar Thoma V]]; during his tenure a number of Bps. from Antioch arrived.
*1748 Mar Ivanios a Bp. from Antioch arrived; he lived in the Mulanthuruthy Church and taught Syriac to the Deacons; his teachings were unacceptable to the Malankara Church and so in 1751 he was banished from Kerala; before leaving for Antioch, Mar Ivanios ordained Kattumangattu Abraham and Geevarghese as priests, who later became the founding fathers of [[w:Malabar Independent Syrian Church|Malabar Independent Syrian Church]] in 1772.
*1751 The Patr. of Antioch Mar Ignatious Geevarghese III (Ignatius George III, 1745-1768) sent Mar Baselios Shakrilla, Mar Gregorius, Ramban Yuhanon, Geevarghese Korepiscopa, Yuhanon Kassessa and four other priests who arrived at Cochin in 1751.
*1761 Mar Thoma V consecrated Mar Thoma VI as his successor; he did it without any assistance from foreign Bishops thus severing all allegiance to foreign bishops.
*1765-1808 [[w:Mar Thoma VI|Mar Thoma VI]] '''(Dionysious I)'''.<ref group="note">When a Bishop of the Malankara Church was consecrated by a Bishop of another church he was given the episcopal title ''' ''Dionysious'' '''.<br>
Dionysious I, II, III, IV - were consecrated by bishops of the Malabar Independent Syrian Church.<br>
Dionysious V, VI - were consecrated by [[w:List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch|Patriarch of Antioch]].</ref>
*1770 To avoid a split in the Church [[w:Mar Thoma VI|Mar Thoma VI]] accepted re-consecration and the title ''' ''Dionysius'' ''' from Antiochan bishops.
*1772 '''Schism:''' West Syrians under the leadership of Abraham Mar Koorilose, Metropolitan of Malankara, formed the '''[[w:Malabar Independent Syrian Church|Malabar Independent Syrian Church]]''', splitting from the main body of India's [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]] over concerns about the authority of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.<ref group="note">At the close of the 19th century, some of them fell under the influence of Anglican missionaries and established the [[w:[[w:Mar Thoma Church|Mar Thomite Church]], which introduced many doctrinal and liturgical changes of a Western Protestant character.</ref>
*1772-1858 The [[w:British East India Company| British East India Company]] [[w:Company rule in India|rule in India]], establishing a capital in Calcutta, appointing its first Governor-General, Warren Hastings, and becoming directly involved in governance.
*1795 The British captured Malabar, Kerala.
*1798 A Nestorian bishop Mar Gabriel arrived in Malabar in 1798, however neither the Malankara church nor the Roman Catholics accepted him.*1806 The Marquis of Wellesley, the British [[w:Governor-General of India|Governor General of India]], Cecil Cherian, sent the Rev. [[w:Claudius Buchanan|Claudius Buchanan]], an Anglican priest, to conduct research into the life of the ancient Church of St.Thomas in India; Rev. Dr. Claudius Buchanan visited [[w:Mar Thoma VI|Mar Thoma VI]] and made arrangement for the translation of the Bible into Malayalam - Marthoma VI gave him the manuscript of the Bible written in the oldest Syrian, and this manuscript was later deposited in the public library of the University of Cambridge.*1808-1809 [[w:Mar Thoma VII|Mar Thoma VII]].*1809-1816 [[w:Mar Thoma VIII|Mar Thoma VIII]]; he was a man of vision, and it was during his tenure that the Malankara church opened the first formal educational institution, in Kerala.
'''Arrival of the Protestants - Further Splits (1813-1912)'''
*1813 The [[w:Church Mission Society|Church Missionary Society]]'s (CMS) work in India is begun.
*1814 '''Schism:''' The '''[[w:Chaldean Syrian Church|Chaldean Syrian Church]]''' separated from what later became known as the [[w:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], claiming to continue the pre-Portuguese east-Syrian [[Assyrian Church of the East|Nestorian tradition]], as an Independent Orthodox Church.
*1815 [[w:Orthodox Pazhaya Seminary|Orthodox Pazhaya Seminary]] (Old Syrian Seminary) in Kottayam, Kottayam) is founded, the first Syrian Orthodox Christian school of theology in Asia.*1816-1817 [[w:Mar Thoma IX|Mar Thoma IX]].*1816-1816 [[w:Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious I (Mar Thoma X)|Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious I (Mar Thoma X)]] ('''Dionysious II'''), was the Metropolitan only for nine months, but he made lasting contributions to the Malankara church; he was able to keep up the traditions, improve the knowledge of the people and decree that the assets of the Metropolitan would be assets of the Church; with him, the reign of ''' ''Marthoma Metran'' ''' came to an end, and the power was transferred to the ''' ''Malankara Metropolitan.'' '''*1817-1825 [[w:Punnathara Mar Dionysious (Mar Thoma XI)|Punnathara Mar Dionysious (Mar Thoma XI)]] ('''Dionysious III''').
*1817 The CMS began the [[w:CMS College Kottayam|CMS College Kottayam]], to teach English.
*1818 CMS work in [[w:Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] is begun.
*1825-1852 [[w:Cheppad Philipose Mar Dionysius (Mar Thoma XII)|Cheppad Philipose Mar Dionysius (Mar Thoma XII)]] ('''Dionysious IV''').
*1825 The Church of England's Bp. of Calcutta [[w:Reginald Heber|Reginald Heber]] performed the first ordination of an Indian, Abdul Masih ''(Servant of Christ)'', for mission work in India.<ref group="note">The very first Anglican ordination was a native of [[w:Sri Lanka|Ceylon]], ordained for work in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); the second, Abdul Masih, was therefore the first Indian ordained for work in India.</ref>
*1852-1877 [[w:Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan|Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan (''Mar Thoma XIII'')]], a pro-protestant reformist; during his time Reformation of the Church became strong; one cleric who objected to the Reformation (Ouseph Kathanar from Kunnamkulam) went to Antioch, and was consecrated as Joseph Mar Dionysius on April 3, 1865; Mathews Mar Athanasius' successor was one [[w:Thomas Mar Athanasius|Thomas Mar Athanasius]] (''Mar Thoma XIV'') (1877-1893), the first Metropolitan of the schismatic [[w:Mar Thoma Church|Mar Thoma church]] in 1877, a Reformed West-Syrian Rite (Protestant Oriental) church, in communion with the Anglican Church. *1865-1909 [[w:Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II|Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II]] ('''Dionysius V'''), a courageous, popular, spiritual leader, who guided his followers through one of the most difficult times in the history of Malankara Church.*1875-1877 Apostolic visit to India by Patriarch Moran Mor [[w:Ignatius Peter IV|Ignatius Ignatius Peter IV]].[[Image:Juliusthirumeni.jpg|right|thumb|Metr. [[w:Antonio Francisco Xavier AlvaresJulius of Goa|Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares]], the first (Latin-riteRoman Rite) [[Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church|Orthodox Metropolitan of Goa-Ceylon]] (1889-1923).]][[Image:ParumalaThirumeni.jpg|right|thumb|[[w:Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala|Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala]], the first Saint of both Oriental Orthodox Churches in India.]]
*1876 The '''[[w:Mulanthuruthy_marthoman_church#Synod_of_Mulanthuruthy|Council of Mulanthuruthy]]''' (of the Malankara Church) is convened at the historic [[w:Mulanthuruthy marthoman church|Mulanthuruthy Marthoman church]], presided over by Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Peter IV|Ignatius Peter IV]] (who had been summoned to assist in efforts against the inroads of Protestantism that were supported by the British), declaring that the [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]] accepted the supremacy of the Patriarch and that it would keep the Jacobite faith of the Antiochians; this synod thus represented the inauguration of an official relationship of a section of the Indian Orthodox Church with the Patriarch of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|West Syrian Church]]; another section however representing several churches did not participate, saying that this was against the historical status of the Malankara Church.<ref group="note">Two strong groups were in the church at this time: the one owed allegiance to Metropolitan [[w:Thomas Mar Athanasius|Thomas Mar Athanasius]] (1877-1893), and supported independence and purification of the church (the ''Metran Kakshi'' faction); the other under the control of [[w:Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II|Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II]] (1865-1909), spearheaded Orthodoxy and subservience to the Patriarch of Antioch (the ''Bava Kakshi.'' faction).<br>In 1877 Metropolitan [[w:Thomas Mar Athanasius|Thomas Mar Athanasius]] thus became the first Metropolitan of the new [[w:Mar Thoma Church|Mar Thoma Church]] (1877-1893), a group that split from the Malankara Church and was originally known as "Reformed Jacobites", of the West Syrian Rite (i.e. Protestant Oriental, in communion with the Anglican Church).</ref>
*1876 '''Schism:''' the '''[[w:Mar Thoma Church|Mar Thoma Church]]'''<ref group="note">Mar Thoma or Marthoma is Aramaic, meaning Saint Thomas. Members of this church are often referred to as Marthomites.</ref> (Anglican Communion) came into being under [[w:Thomas Mar Athanasius|Thomas Mar Athanasious]], who was excommunicated by the Jacobite Patriarch; they were known as Reformed Jacobites before the group took the name of Mar Thoma Church, introducing many changes based on Protestant doctrine.
*1888 Significant transfer movement from the Catholic to the Oriental Orthodox church: the Latin rite (Uniate) [[Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church|Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa, and India]] was formed, consisting of about 5000 Catholics under [[w:Antonio Francisco Xavier AlvaresJulius of Goa|Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares]] (Alvares Mar Julius I), who was consecrated in 1889 by St. [[w:Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala|Gregorios of Parumala]], Metr. Athanasius Paulos of Aluva, and Malankara Metr. [[w:Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II|Dionysius Joseph II]]; this church maintained relations with the Syrian Orthodox Patr. of Antioch Mar [[w:Ignatius Peter IV|Ignatius Peter III]], and was permitted to continue its Latin or Western rite liturgical practices.<ref group="note"> The reasons for this break with the papacy were political rather then religious. From the sixteenth century there had existed a concordat between the Holy See and the King of Portugal which allowed the latter to nominate Bishops to the diocese of Latin Rite India, as well as other colonies which had formally been Portuguese colonies. The arrangement was known as the [[w:Padroado|Patrondo]] (Patronage). By the second half of the nineteenth century it had become obvious that it was high time for Patrondo to be abolished.</ref><ref group="note">"On January 2, 1887, [[w:Pope Leo XIII|Pope Leo XIII]] set up a new Latin hierarchy for India and Ceylon, with the bishops (except for the province of (Goa) directly dependent on the [[w:Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples|Congregation of Propaganda]]. This change aroused considerable indignation because there still existed strong sentimental link between Indian Catholics and Portugal. Many native priests were indignant at being transferred to jurisdictions of French or Italian bishops.<br>Thus came into being what was called the '[[w:Padroado|Patrando]] Association'. Its leaders petitioned King Luis I of Portugal, to use his influence at Rome to have [[w:Padroado|the royal patronage]] restored. On February 10, 1888, a Goan priest, who had been a Brahmin, [[w:Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares|Antonio Francisco-Xavier Alvarez]], was elected by the Association as first bishop of the schismatic church. He applied to [[w:Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II|Mar Dionysios V]], Jacobite Metropolitan of Malankara since 1865, to consecrate him, but with no result. His appeal to Mar [[w:Ignatius Peter IV|Ignatius Peter III]], Jacobite Patriarch of Antioch was more successful." (Old Catholic Church of the United States. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=RzWpW9eoID8C&source=gbs_navlinks_s Credo: The Catechism of the Old Catholic Church].'' iUniverse, 2004. p.391.)</ref>
*1902 Death of [[w:Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala|Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala]], later canonized by both the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church|Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church]] and [[Church of India|Indian Orthodox Church]] (1947), being the first Saint of both Oriental Orthodox Churches in India.
*1909-1934 [[w:Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril|Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril]] ('''Dionysius VI'''); he led the Church as Malankara Metropolitan until his death in 1934, when he and the Church triumphed in establishing the official Constitution of the [[Church of India|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]].
*1910 Formation of the Archdiocese of [[w:Knanaya|Knanaya]], of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syrian Orthodox Church]].
==Modern Era (1912-Present)==
===Indian Orthodox Church: Autocephalous Era (1912-Present)===
*1912 '''Schism:''' [[Church of India]] ''('Methran Kakshi' (Bishop's Party))'' declares [[autocephaly]] from the Jacobite [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]], after a vertical split in the [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]] in 1911;<ref group="note">Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Abded Aloho II|Ignatius Abded Aloho II]] (1906-1915) had deposed Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Abdul Masih II|Ignatius Abdul Masih II]] (1895-1905) and usurped the Patriarchal See of Antioch from him. In 1911 Patriarch Ignatius Abded Aloho (Mar Abdulla) came to Malankara, and excommunicated Malankara Metropolitan Vattasseril Mar Divannasios. To ward off the undue interference of Patriarch Abdulla in the administration of the Indian Church, [[w:Geevarghese Mar Ivanios|Fr. P.T. Geevarghese]] with the blessing of Vattasseril Mar Divannasios, contacted Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Abdul Masih II|Abded M’siha]], the Patriarch of Antioch from whom Mar Abdulla usurped the Patriarchal See of Antioch, and invited him to visit Malankara and to establish a Catholicate there. This created a split in the church in 1912, into the two groups, with some claiming that the relocation of the Catholicate to India was without authority from the Universal Syriac Orthodox Synod, thus causing the century long dispute in the Malankara Church. (See 1958).</ref> with the declaration of autocephaly, the the [[w:Catholicos of the East|Catholicate of the East]] was relocated to India, which historically had been in Seleucia and later in Tigris; consecration of the first Indian Catholicose, [[w:Baselios Paulose I|Moran Mar Baselios Paulos]] (1912-14), the first ''' ''Catholicose of the East'' ''' in India, with the participation of ''(deposed)'' Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Abdul Masih II|Ignatius Abdul Messiah of Antioch]] and ''(excommunicated)'' Malankara Metropolitan Geevarghese Dionysius (Vattasseril Mar Divannasios);<ref group="note">The [[Church of India|Indian Orthodox Church]] view is that the [[w:Catholicos of the East (disambiguation)|Catholicate of the East]] is autocephalous and in the legitimate succession of [[Apostle Thomas|St. Thomas]] the Apostle, citing use of the term "[[w:Throne of St. Thomas|Throne of St. Thomas]]" in documents since at least 1301 AD, and that this was a period of religious turmoil where the Patriarch of Antioch interfered and suspended the Malankara Metropolitan, demanding complete surrender, leading to this event; two factions thus emerge from the [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]] (Indian Oriental Orthodoxy): the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] ''(Patriarchal, "Jacobite", or Bava Faction)'' and [[Church of India|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] ''(Catholicos, or Methran Faction).''</ref> the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] ''('Bava Kakshi' (Patriarch's Party))'' on the other hand, remained as an autonomous jurisdiction of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]].*1925-1928 [[w:Baselios Geevarghese I|Baselios Geevarghese I]] (sucesssor to [[w:Baselios Paulose I|Moran Mar Baselios Paulos]] (1912-14) as ''Catholicose of the East'').*1929-1964 [[w:Baselios Geevarghese II|Baselios Geevarghese II]], the 3rd ''Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan'' (''had both titles, after 1934'').
*ca.1930's Roman Catholic [[w:Vellalar|Vellalar]] Christians ([[w:Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]]) separated themselves temporarily from their church because of caste quarells, and employed Orthodox West Syrian Indian Priests from [[w:Kerala|Kerala]] to conduct their worship services.
*1930 '''Schism:''' The [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] is established as an Eastern rite of the Roman Catholic Church, when a large group of Jacobites under the leadership of Archbishop [[w:Geevarghese Mar Ivanios|Mar Ivanios]] split from the [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]] and subsequently entered into communion with Rome; they were allowed to maintain their Antiochene liturgy; death of Metr. [[Eustathius of Kunnamkulam]] (''glorified in 2000'').
*1931 Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Elias III|Elias III]] came to Malankara at the invitation of the then British Viceroy, Lord Irvin, to resolving the schism that had erupted in the Malankara Church; the [[w:Thrikkunnathu Seminary|Thrikkunnathu Seminary]] is opened (operating from 1931-1977), being a notable Malankara teaching facility for clergy in the northern dioceses of the Indian Orthodox Church, and the only full seminary for Jacobite Syrian Christians (later noted as the "headquarters" of the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church|Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]] in India).
*1932 Death of Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Elias III|Elias III]], the only Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch who is entombed in Kerala, India; the monastery where he is entombed is a renowned pilgrim centre, known as [[w:Manjanikkara Dayara|Manjanikkara Dayara]].
*1934 Establishment of the '''Constitution of the Orthodox Church in India ''' as an autocephalous Church, linked to the Orthodox Syrian Church of the Patriarch of Antioch; death of [[w:Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril|Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril]], Malankara Metropolitan of the Indian Orthodox Church; from 1934 onwards, the two offices of ''Catholicos of the East'' and ''Malankara Metropolitan'' were united in one person, known as the ''' ''Catholicos of the East & Malankara Metropolitan.'' '''
*1947 Canonization of [[w:Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala|Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala]] (+1902) by the [[Church of India]], the first saint canonized by the church; canonization of [[w:Eldho Mor Baselios|Eldho Mor Baselios]] of Kothamangalam (+1685) by the [[Church of India]], the second saint canonized by the church.
*1947 The [[w:Union of India|Dominion of India]] gains its independence from the United Kingdom, as British India is dissolved; a largely Hindu India and a Muslim Pakistan are created by partitions of the subcontinent, with Punjab and Bengal divided along religious-demographic boundaries between the two.[[Image:Stthomas-stamp.jpg|right|thumb|St. Thomas Stamp Issue by the Govt of India (1964).]][[Image:19thDCent StThomas.jpg|right|thumb|Stamp Issue by the Gov't of India comemmorating the 1900th anniversary of St. Thomas' martyrdom (72-1972).]]
*1952 Immediately after the ''"All Kerala Celebrations of the 19th Century of the Landing of St. Thomas in India,"'' [[w:Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant|Cardinal Tisserant]] brought a part of St. Thomas' relics back to India, with the main portion enshrined at Kodungalloor where the Apostle first set foot in India, and the other portion at Mylapore where he died.
*1956 Ethiopian Emperor [[w:Haile Selassie I|Haile Selassie]] visited Kerala, gifting the Syrian Orthodox Church of St. George ("[http://www.cheppadvaliyapalli.com/ Cheppad Church]") with a Gold Ethiopian Cross and a Holy Bible with gold engravings written in Amharic.
*1958 '''Unification''' of the [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]] again (lasting from 1958-1975), after the split in 1912: on September 12, the constitutional bench of the Supreme Court of India recognized the validity of the Catholicate and unanimously declared that the Patriarch of Antioch does not have any authority over the Malankara church and that the Indian church is completely free under the [[w:List of Catholicos of the East|Catholicos of the East]]; by an accord, Syrian Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Ya`qub III|Moran Mor Ignatius Ya`qub III]] affirmed his canonical acceptance of the Catholicate as well as the 1934 Constitution of the Indian Orthodox Church; the two factions of the [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]], viz; [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church|Jacobite]] and [[Church of India|Orthodox]], re-united.
*1964 Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Ya`qub III|Moran Mor Ignatius Ya`qub III]] visited India and consecrated [[w:Baselios Augen I|Mor Augen Thimotheos]] as the Catholicose of the East; thus 'Mar Baselios Augen I', the Metropolitan of Kandanad diocese, became the first “canonically” ordained Catholicose/Maphriyono of the East from India ''(from the Jacobite point of view)''; the government of India brought out a stamp of St. Thomas, in connection with the Bombay International Eucharistic Congress and the visit of Pope Paul VI to India in 1964.
*1964-1975 [[w:Baselios Augen I|Baselios Augen I]], was the first ''Catholicose of the East'' of the United Malankara Church ([[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church|Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church]] and [[Church of India|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]), and remained as the Catholicose of the [[Church of India|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] after the second split in the church in 1975.
*1965 The [[Church of India|Indian Orthodox Church]] participated in the Ecumenical Council of Oriental Orthodox Churches held in Addis Ababa.
*1969 The [[w:Carmelites of Mary Immaculate|Carmelites of Mary Immaculate]] (CMI) founded [[w:Christ University|Christ University]] in Bangalore, the first University by the Roman Catholic Church in India.
*1973 Government of India brings out a "19th Death Centenary" stamp of St. Thomas (72-1972).
*1975 '''Schism:''' the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] ''(Patriarchal, "Jacobite", or Bava Faction)'' and the [[Church of India|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] (Indian Orthodox Church) ''(Catholicos, or Methran Faction)'' split again: a Synod of the Syrian Orthodox Church excommunicated the Catholicos and his followers, while the Catholicos and the Metropolitans convened their own Synod separately, and cut off connections with the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Patriarch of Antioch]] (Syriac); on September 7, 1975, Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Ya`qub III|Yakub III]] consecrated Mor Philoxenus of Kandanad ([[w:Baselios Paulose II|Baselios Paulose II]]) as Catholicos of the East for the Jacobite faction (1975-1996); the Church of India consecrated [[w:Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I|Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I]] as the new Catholicos (1975-1991).
*1975-1991 [[w:Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I|Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I]], the 5th ''Catholicos of the East & Malankara Metropolitan.''
*1977 The [[w:Thrikkunnathu Seminary|Thrikkunnathu Seminary]] and its Saint Mary’s Church building were closed in December, owing to an ownership dispute between the [[Church of India|Indian (Malankara) Orthodox]] and the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church|Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]].
*1980 Greek [[hieromonk|priest-monk]] Fr. [[Athanasios Anthides]] travelled to India to begin a systematic Orthodox Mission in the rural area of [[w:Arambag|Arambah]], in [[w:West Bengal|West Bengal]] state, in eastern India..
*1990 Death of Fr. Athanasios Anthides, first Greek Orthodox Missionary to India (1980-1990), suceeded a year later by priest-monk Fr. [[Ignatios (Sennis) of Madagascar|Ignatios Sennis]], who came to [[w:Kolkata|Calcutta]] to continue the mission (1991-2004).
*1991-2005 [[w:Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II|Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II]], 6th ''Catholicos of the East & Malankara Metropolitan.''
*1995 June 20, the Supreme Court of India unequivocally declared that "The Patriarch of Antioch was undoubtedly acknowledged and recognised by all the members of the Malankara Church as the supreme head of their Church", implying that the [[Church of India|Indian Orthodox Catholicate]] is part of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]] and is not autocephalous.[[Image:Bavacatholicos.jpg|right|thumb|[[Baselios Didymos I|Baselius Marthoma Didymus I]], Catholicos of the East & Malankara Metropolitan, [[Church of India]], [2005-Present].]]
[[Image:ConsecrationBaseliousThomas1.jpg|left|thumb|Consecration of Thomas Mar Dionysius as [[w:Baselios Thomas I|Baselious Thomas I]], ''Catholicose of India'' (seated) [2002-Present], by the Patr. of Antioch, [[w:Ignatius Zakka I Iwas|Ignatious Zakka I Iwas]], and the universal episcopal synod. 31 July 2002, Damascus - [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]].]]
*1996 September 25, the [[w:Nagpur St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary|Nagpur St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary]] was officially inaugurated by H.G. Dr. [[w:Geevarghese Mar Osthathios|Geevarghese Mar Osthathios]], the President of the Mission Board of the Malankara Church, in the presence of H.G. Stephanus Mar Theodosius and H.G. Geevarghese Mar Ivanius (Kottayam).
*2000 Patr. [[w:Ignatius Zakka I Iwas|Ignatious Zakka I Iwas]] of Antioch glorified Metr. [[Eustathius of Kunnamkulam]] (+1930) as a saint in the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]] and the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church|Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church]].
*2002 The two Oriental Orthodox Churches conducted their own Syrian Christian Association meetings, and since then are functioning independently; the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] faction adopted a new constitution, against the constitution of 1934.
*2003 Canonization of [[w:Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril|Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril]] (+1934) by the [[Church of India]], the third saint canonized by the chruchchurch.*2005-present [[w:Baselios Thoma Didymos I|Baselios Thoma Didymos I]], 7th ''Catholicos of the East & Malankara Metropolitan,''
*2008 Canonization of Sister [[w:Saint Alphonsa|Alphonsa (Anna) Muttathupadath]] (+1946) in the Vatican by Pope [[Benedict XVI]] - the first person of Indian origin canonized a saint of the [[w:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the first woman Saint from India.
*2009 The Government of India issued coins in honour of [[w:Saint Alphonsa|St. Alphonsa]], the first Christian in India to have commemorative coins issued in her honor.
[[Category:Oriental Orthodox]]
[[Category:Church History]]
[[Category: Schisms]]
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