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Post-Imperial era (1453-1821): link;
*1542 Ethiopians and Portuguese defeat Ahmad ibn Ibrahim Gran of Adal, neutralizing Adal threat to Ethiopia.
*1545-63 [[w:Council of Trent|Council of Trent]] held to answer the Protestant Reformation.
*1551 [[Stoglavy Sobor|Council of the Hundred Chapters]] in Russia.
*1555 Abp. Gurian begins mission to Kazan.
*1557 Death of [[Basil the Blessed]].
*1646 [[w:Union of Uzhhorod|Union of Uzhhorod]] joins 63 Ruthenian Orthodox priests from the Carpathian Mountains to Roman Catholic Church on terms similar to [[Union of Brest]].
*1647 Orthodox church erected in Tunisia.
*1649 Martyrdom of [[Athanasius of Bretsk|Athanasius of Brest-Litovsk]] by the Latins.
*1650-1700 Ottoman [[w:Istanbul|Constantinople]] is [[w:List of largest cities throughout history|largest city in the world]] by population.
*1652 School and hospital established in Old Cairo by Patr. Joannikios.
*1656 [[Voskresensky Monastery]] founded by Patr. [[Nikon of Moscow|Nikon]] at Istra near Moscow, intended to represent the Heavenly Jerusalem.
*1665 Greek Jewish kabbalist [[w:Sabbatai Zevi|Sabbatai Sevi]] hailed by Jews of Palestine as the [[Jesus Christ|Messiah]], but then converts to Islam before the Ottoman Sultan to save his life.
*1666-1667 [[Council Moscow Sobor of Moscow (1666-1667)1666–1667|Council of Moscow]].
*1667 Annexation of most of [[Christianization of Kievan Rus'|Kievan Rus']] by Tsar of Muscovite Kingdom.
*1669 Greek island of Crete taken by Ottoman Empire from Venetians.
*1707-20 Grabbe's edition of the [[Septuagint]] published at Oxford, reproducing (imperfectly) the ''Codex Alexandrinus'' of London.
*1709 Death of [[w:Dimitri of Rostov|Dimitri of Rostov]].
*1710 Spectacular miracle occurred at the [[Grabarka|Holy Mount of Grabarka]], the holiest location in Poland for Orthodox Christians, where a deadly outbreak of cholera in the region ended almost instantly.
*1715 Metr. [[Arsenios of Thebaid]] sent to England by Pope [[Samuel of Alexandria]] to negotiate with [[Non-Jurors|Non-Juror]] Anglican bishops.
*1715-1956 [[Russian Orthodox Mission in China|Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China]].
*1728 The [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] formally replaced the ''[[Byzantine Creation Era|Creation Era]]'' (AM) calendar with the [[w:Anno Domini|Christian Era]] (AD).
*1731 Death of [[Innocent of Irkutsk]].
*1741 Synodal reform initiated, when Metr. Gerasimos of Heraclia obtains a [[Firman]] (decree) from Ottoman officials, regulating and subordinating the election of the Patriarch of Constantinople to the five Metropolitans of Heraclia, Kyzikos, Nicomedia, Nicaea, and Chalcedon, creating the so-called ''[[Gerontism|System of the Elders]]'' (''Γεροντισμος''), established gradually, in place until the late 19th century.*1754 [[Hesychasm|Hesychast]] Renaissance begins with the [[Kollyvades Movement]]; discovery of the holy [[relics]] of the Four [[Martyr]]s of [[w:Megara|Megara]]: Polyeuctos, George, Adrianos and Platon, the "Newly-Revealed".
*1755 [[Synod of Constantinople|Synod of Constantinople (1755)]] declares Roman Catholic baptism invalid and ordered baptism of converts from Roman Catholicism.
*1756 ''[[Sigillion of 1756]]'' issued against the [[Gregorian Calendar]] by Patr. [[Cyril V of Constantinople]];
*1794 Missionaries, including [[Herman of Alaska]], arrive at Kodiak Island, bringing Orthodoxy to Russian Alaska; death of [[Paisius Velichkovsky]] of Moldova and Mt. Athos.
*1796 [[Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain|Nicodemus the Hagiorite]] publishes ''[[Unseen Warfare]]'' in Venice.
*1798 Patriarch [[Anthimios Anthimus of Jerusalem]] contended that the [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] was part of the [[w:Divine Providence|Divine Dispensation]] granted by [[God]] to protect [[Orthodoxy]] from the taint of [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] and of Western [[w:Secularism|secularism]] and [[w:Irreligion by country|irreligion]].
*1800 ''[[The Rudder]]'' published and printed in Athens.
*1803 Death of [[Xenia of St. Petersburg]].
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