Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Church History (Communist Era (1917-1991))"

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(Communist era (1917-1991))
 
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*1932 Daniel William Alexander travels to [[Uganda]] to meet Reuben Spartas, establishing African Orthodox Church there.   
 
*1932 Daniel William Alexander travels to [[Uganda]] to meet Reuben Spartas, establishing African Orthodox Church there.   
 
*1933 [[Church of Greece]] bans [[Freemasonry]]; opening of the new Patriarchal Palace in Cairo by Patriarch [[Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletios]], built at the expense of [[w:Greeks_in_Egypt#Egyptiot_Greek_benefactors|Egyptiot Greek benefactor]] Theodore Kotsikas; Vatican and Germany sign the [[w:Reichskonkordat|Reich Concordat]], guaranteeing the rights of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany.  
 
*1933 [[Church of Greece]] bans [[Freemasonry]]; opening of the new Patriarchal Palace in Cairo by Patriarch [[Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletios]], built at the expense of [[w:Greeks_in_Egypt#Egyptiot_Greek_benefactors|Egyptiot Greek benefactor]] Theodore Kotsikas; Vatican and Germany sign the [[w:Reichskonkordat|Reich Concordat]], guaranteeing the rights of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany.  
*1934 [[Hieromartyr]] [[John (Pommers) of Riga]]; episcopal consecration of [[John Maximovitch]]; Daniel William Alexander travels to Kenya, establishing African Orthodox Church led by Arthur Gathuna; clergy opposing Nazi regime in Germany have homes raided by secret police.
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*1934 [[Hieromartyr]] [[John (Pommers) of Riga]]; episcopal consecration of [[John Maximovitch]]; Daniel William Alexander travels to Kenya, establishing African Orthodox Church led by [[George (Gathuna) of Nitria|Arthur Gathuna]]; clergy opposing Nazi regime in Germany have homes raided by secret police.
 
*1935 Critical edition of [[Septuagint]] published in Gottingen Germany by Alfred Rahlfs at the Septuaginta-Unternehmens (Institute); [[Old Calendarists|Old Calendar]] Church is formed when three bishops declared their separation from the official [[Church of Greece]] stating that the calendar change was a schismatic act.   
 
*1935 Critical edition of [[Septuagint]] published in Gottingen Germany by Alfred Rahlfs at the Septuaginta-Unternehmens (Institute); [[Old Calendarists|Old Calendar]] Church is formed when three bishops declared their separation from the official [[Church of Greece]] stating that the calendar change was a schismatic act.   
 
*1935-40 Italian forces occupy Ethiopia and begin intermittent persecutions of the [[Church of Ethiopia|Ethiopian Orthodox Church]].   
 
*1935-40 Italian forces occupy Ethiopia and begin intermittent persecutions of the [[Church of Ethiopia|Ethiopian Orthodox Church]].   
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* 1951 [[Church of Russia]] grants [[autocephaly]] to the [[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia|Czechoslovakian Orthodox Church]]; 1500th anniversary celebration of the [[Church of Jerusalem|Patriarchate of Jerusalem]].  
 
* 1951 [[Church of Russia]] grants [[autocephaly]] to the [[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia|Czechoslovakian Orthodox Church]]; 1500th anniversary celebration of the [[Church of Jerusalem|Patriarchate of Jerusalem]].  
 
* 1952 Death of [[Matrona of Moscow|Matrona the Wonderworker of Moscow]]; new Monastery of Panagia Soumela built in the village of Kastania, in Macedonia, Greece, housing the wonderworking icon of [[Panagia Soumela]], becoming a center of religious pilgrimage; Dr. Carl Jung publishes his ''[[w:Answer to Job|Answer to Job]],'' addressing the 'problem of evil'; the [[w:Bible translations (Amharic)|Revised Amharic Bible]] (''H.I.M. Haile Sellassie I Authorized Royal Amharic Bible'') is produced under the [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Statement_on_the_Revised_Amharic_Bible patronage of Emperor Haile Selassie], being presented to him on April 19th, 1952, and first published in 1961.
 
* 1952 Death of [[Matrona of Moscow|Matrona the Wonderworker of Moscow]]; new Monastery of Panagia Soumela built in the village of Kastania, in Macedonia, Greece, housing the wonderworking icon of [[Panagia Soumela]], becoming a center of religious pilgrimage; Dr. Carl Jung publishes his ''[[w:Answer to Job|Answer to Job]],'' addressing the 'problem of evil'; the [[w:Bible translations (Amharic)|Revised Amharic Bible]] (''H.I.M. Haile Sellassie I Authorized Royal Amharic Bible'') is produced under the [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Statement_on_the_Revised_Amharic_Bible patronage of Emperor Haile Selassie], being presented to him on April 19th, 1952, and first published in 1961.
* 1952-1960 With the onset of the [[w:Mau Mau Uprising|Mau-Mau Movement]] in Kenya (''British East Africa Protectorate'') the [[Orthodox Church]] is banished by the British Colonial Government, suffering severe oppression.
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* 1952-1960 With the onset of the [[w:Mau Mau Uprising|Mau-Mau Movement]] in Kenya (''British East Africa Protectorate''), the [[Orthodox Church]] is banished by the British Colonial Government suffering severe oppression.
 
* 1953 Metr. [[Antony (Bashir) of New York|Antony (Bashir)]] accepts three [[Western Rite]] parishes into Syrian Metropolitanate in America.   
 
* 1953 Metr. [[Antony (Bashir) of New York|Antony (Bashir)]] accepts three [[Western Rite]] parishes into Syrian Metropolitanate in America.   
 
* 1956 [[Church of China]] under Chinese administration is established under pressure from the Chinese authorities.
 
* 1956 [[Church of China]] under Chinese administration is established under pressure from the Chinese authorities.
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* 1971 [[Theological School of Halki|Halki Seminary]] closed by Turkish authorities; inauguration of the new Patriarchal Palace of the [[Church of Alexandria]] at St Savva Monastery (21 November).
 
* 1971 [[Theological School of Halki|Halki Seminary]] closed by Turkish authorities; inauguration of the new Patriarchal Palace of the [[Church of Alexandria]] at St Savva Monastery (21 November).
 
* 1972 Death of pioneer missionary Archim. [[Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos]], having laboured to spread the Orthodox faith in [[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda|Uganda]], [[Archdiocese of Kenya|Kenya]], [[Archdiocese of Mwanza|Tanzania]], and [[Archdiocese of Central Africa|Congo]].  
 
* 1972 Death of pioneer missionary Archim. [[Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos]], having laboured to spread the Orthodox faith in [[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda|Uganda]], [[Archdiocese of Kenya|Kenya]], [[Archdiocese of Mwanza|Tanzania]], and [[Archdiocese of Central Africa|Congo]].  
* 1973 Anglican-Orthodox dialogue began, when the Anglican-Orthodox Joint Doctrinal Discussions (A/OJDD) held its first meeting in Oxford.
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* 1973 Anglican-Orthodox dialogue began, when the Anglican-Orthodox Joint Doctrinal Discussions (A/OJDD) held its first meeting in Oxford; Fr. [[Christopher Reuben Spartas|Reuben Mukasa Spartas]] is consecrated as Bp. Christophoros of Nilopolis; Fr. George Arthur Gatung'u Gathuna is consecrated as the Bishop of Nitrea on February 25 in Kagira, the first black African Bishop of the Greek Orthodox Church of Kenya.
 
* 1974 1600th anniversary of death of [[Athanasius the Great]].     
 
* 1974 1600th anniversary of death of [[Athanasius the Great]].     
 
* 1975 Division in the Antiochian church in North America overcome by the uniting of the two Antiochian archdioceses into one by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York]] and Abp. [[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]]; Joint Commission of Orthodox and Old Catholic theologians is established.  
 
* 1975 Division in the Antiochian church in North America overcome by the uniting of the two Antiochian archdioceses into one by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York]] and Abp. [[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]]; Joint Commission of Orthodox and Old Catholic theologians is established.  
 
* 1976 First Pre-Synodal Pan-Orthodox Conference at Orthodox Centre of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Chambesy, Switzerland; the first phase of the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue was concluded by the publication of ''The Moscow Agreed Statement;'' the General Convention of the Episcopal Church of the USA (ECUSA) approves ordination of women to all three orders: bishop, priest, and deacon.
 
* 1976 First Pre-Synodal Pan-Orthodox Conference at Orthodox Centre of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Chambesy, Switzerland; the first phase of the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue was concluded by the publication of ''The Moscow Agreed Statement;'' the General Convention of the Episcopal Church of the USA (ECUSA) approves ordination of women to all three orders: bishop, priest, and deacon.
* 1977 The ''New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha - [[w:Revised Standard Version|Revised Standard Version]] (Expanded Edition)'' is published, endorsed by Abp. [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis)]] of Thyateira and Great Britain; [[w:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia|Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia]] (BHS, 4th ed.) is published, including footnotes with  possible corrections to the [[Masoretic text|Hebrew text]] based on the Samaritan Pentateuch, [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], [[Septuagint]], [[Vulgate]], and Peshitta.   
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* 1977 The ''New Oxford Annotated Bible with the [[Apocrypha]] - [[w:Revised Standard Version|Revised Standard Version]] (Expanded Edition)'' is published, endorsed by Abp. [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis)]] of Thyateira and Great Britain; [[w:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia|Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia]] (BHS, 4th ed.) is published, including footnotes with  possible corrections to the [[Masoretic text|Hebrew text]] based on the Samaritan Pentateuch, [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], [[Septuagint]], [[Vulgate]], and Peshitta.   
 
* 1979 Pope [[John Paul II]] visits Ecumenical Patriarchate; torture and martyrdom of Archim. [[Philoumenos (Hasapis) of Jacob's Well|Philoumenos (Hasapis)]], keeper of the Greek monastery of [[Jacob's Well]] in Samaria (Nablus, West Bank), by Zionist extremists who also desecrate the church; Joint Commission of Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches for Theological Dialogue established by Pope [[John Paul II]] and Patr. [[Demetrius I (Papadopoulos) of Constantinople]].   
 
* 1979 Pope [[John Paul II]] visits Ecumenical Patriarchate; torture and martyrdom of Archim. [[Philoumenos (Hasapis) of Jacob's Well|Philoumenos (Hasapis)]], keeper of the Greek monastery of [[Jacob's Well]] in Samaria (Nablus, West Bank), by Zionist extremists who also desecrate the church; Joint Commission of Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches for Theological Dialogue established by Pope [[John Paul II]] and Patr. [[Demetrius I (Papadopoulos) of Constantinople]].   
 
* 1980 Orthodox-Roman Catholic Joint Commission for Theological Dialogue, 1st plenary, met in Patmos and Rhodes; Greek priest-monk Fr. Athanasios Anthides travelled to India to begin a systematic Orthodox Mission in the rural area of Arambah, in West Bengal; Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician [[w:Bob Marley|Bob Marley]] (+1981) is baptized by Abp. [[w:Abuna Yesehaq|Abuna Yesehaq]] of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Church]] in Kingston, Jamaica, on November 4, 1980.
 
* 1980 Orthodox-Roman Catholic Joint Commission for Theological Dialogue, 1st plenary, met in Patmos and Rhodes; Greek priest-monk Fr. Athanasios Anthides travelled to India to begin a systematic Orthodox Mission in the rural area of Arambah, in West Bengal; Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician [[w:Bob Marley|Bob Marley]] (+1981) is baptized by Abp. [[w:Abuna Yesehaq|Abuna Yesehaq]] of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Church]] in Kingston, Jamaica, on November 4, 1980.
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*1982 Orthodox-Roman Catholic Joint Commission publishes in Munich first official common document, "The Mystery of the Church and of the Eucharist in Light of the Mystery of the Holy Trinity"; second Pre-Synodal Pan-Orthodox Conference in Chambesy, Switzerland; formal founding of [[Makarios III (Mouskos) of Cyprus|Makarios III]] Patriarchal Seminary in Nairobi, [[Archdiocese of Kenya|Kenya]].   
 
*1982 Orthodox-Roman Catholic Joint Commission publishes in Munich first official common document, "The Mystery of the Church and of the Eucharist in Light of the Mystery of the Holy Trinity"; second Pre-Synodal Pan-Orthodox Conference in Chambesy, Switzerland; formal founding of [[Makarios III (Mouskos) of Cyprus|Makarios III]] Patriarchal Seminary in Nairobi, [[Archdiocese of Kenya|Kenya]].   
 
* 1984 Orthodox-Roman Catholic Joint Commission, 3rd plenary, meets in Khania, Crete; the second phase of the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue was concluded with the publication of ''The Dublin Agreed Statement; '' [[New Martyrs|neomartyr]] Bp. [[Paul (de Ballester-Convallier) of Nazianzus]].
 
* 1984 Orthodox-Roman Catholic Joint Commission, 3rd plenary, meets in Khania, Crete; the second phase of the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue was concluded with the publication of ''The Dublin Agreed Statement; '' [[New Martyrs|neomartyr]] Bp. [[Paul (de Ballester-Convallier) of Nazianzus]].
* 1985 Founding of [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center]] (OCMC) as Greek Archdiocesan Mission Center; Lutheran-Orthodox Joint Commission issues statement "Divine Revelation"; [[Martyr|martyrdom]] of Father [[John (Karastamatis) of Santa Cruz]], California. 
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* 1985 Founding of [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center]] (OCMC) as Greek Archdiocesan Mission Center; Lutheran-Orthodox Joint Commission issues statement "Divine Revelation."
 
* 1986 Third Pre-Synodal Pan-Orthodox Conference in Chambesy, Switzerland.   
 
* 1986 Third Pre-Synodal Pan-Orthodox Conference in Chambesy, Switzerland.   
 
* 1987 Visit by Ecumenical Patr. [[Demetrius I (Papadopoulos) of Constantinople]] to Vatican; Orthodox-Roman Catholic Joint Commission issues common document "Faith, Sacraments and the Unity of the Church"; group of twenty parishes of the [[Evangelical Orthodox Church]], originally formed by former Campus Crusade for Christ leaders [[Peter Gillquist]] and [[Jon Braun]], are received into [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Archdiocese]] in US, becoming the Antiochian Evangelical Orthodox Mission; Lutheran-Orthodox Joint Commission issues the statement "Scripture and Tradition;" [[Optina Monastery]] was officially re-established; on [[August 19]] Patr. [[Pimen (Izvekov) of Moscow|Pimen]] of Moscow and All Russia, and Ec. Patr. [[Demetrius I (Papadopoulos) of Constantinople|Demetrios I]] of Constantinople co-celebrated the [[Divine Liturgy]] on the Feast of the [[Transfiguration]] at the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Holy Trinity St. Sergius Monastery]] for the first time in 398 years (since January 1589); death of noted Russian iconographer [[Leonid Alexandrovich Ouspensky]].
 
* 1987 Visit by Ecumenical Patr. [[Demetrius I (Papadopoulos) of Constantinople]] to Vatican; Orthodox-Roman Catholic Joint Commission issues common document "Faith, Sacraments and the Unity of the Church"; group of twenty parishes of the [[Evangelical Orthodox Church]], originally formed by former Campus Crusade for Christ leaders [[Peter Gillquist]] and [[Jon Braun]], are received into [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Archdiocese]] in US, becoming the Antiochian Evangelical Orthodox Mission; Lutheran-Orthodox Joint Commission issues the statement "Scripture and Tradition;" [[Optina Monastery]] was officially re-established; on [[August 19]] Patr. [[Pimen (Izvekov) of Moscow|Pimen]] of Moscow and All Russia, and Ec. Patr. [[Demetrius I (Papadopoulos) of Constantinople|Demetrios I]] of Constantinople co-celebrated the [[Divine Liturgy]] on the Feast of the [[Transfiguration]] at the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Holy Trinity St. Sergius Monastery]] for the first time in 398 years (since January 1589); death of noted Russian iconographer [[Leonid Alexandrovich Ouspensky]].

Latest revision as of 16:50, September 26, 2014

Timeline of Church History
Eras Timeline of Church History (Abridged article)
Eras New Testament Era | Apostolic Era (33-100) | Ante-Nicene Era (100-325) | Nicene Era (325-451) | Byzantine Era (451-843) | Late Byzantine Era (843-1054) | Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453) | Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821) | Modern Era (1821-1917) | Communist Era (1917-1991) | Post-Communist Era (1991-Present) |
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This article forms part of the series
Introduction to
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The History of the Church is a vital part of the Orthodox Christian faith. Orthodox Christians are defined significantly by their continuity with all those who have gone before, those who first received and preached the truth of Jesus Christ to the world, those who helped to formulate the expression and worship of our faith, and those who continue to move forward in the unchanging yet ever-dynamic Holy Tradition of the Orthodox Church.

Communist era (1917-1991)

Notes

  • Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
  • The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
  • This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the Orthodox Church, though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

See also

Published works

The following are published writings that provide an overview of Church history:

From an Orthodox perspective

  • Schmemann, Alexander. The Historical Road of Eastern Orthodoxy.
  • Ware, Timothy. The Orthodox Church: New Edition. (ISBN 0140146563)
  • Nikolas K. Gvosdev. Emperors and Elections: Reconciling the Orthodox Tradition with Modern Politics. Huntington, NY: Troitsa Books, 2000.
  • Theodore Papadopoullos. Orthodox Church and Civil Authority. Journal of Contemporary History. Vol. 2, No. 4, Church and Politics (Oct., 1967), pp.201-209.

From a Heterodox perspective

  • Cairns, Earle E. Christianity Through the Centuries: A History of the Christian Church. (ISBN 0310208122)
  • Collins, Michael, ed.; Price, Matthew Arlen. Story of Christianity: A Celebration of 2000 Years of Faith. (ISBN 0789446057)
  • Gonzalez, Justo L. A History of Christian Thought, Volume 3: From the Protestant Reformation to the Twentieth Century. (ISBN 0687171849)
  • Gonzalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity, Volume 2: Reformation to the Present Day. (ISBN 0060633166)
  • Hastings, Adrian, ed. A World History of Christianity. (ISBN 0802848753)
  • Jones, Timothy P. Christian History Made Easy. (ISBN 1890947105)
  • Noll, Mark A. Turning Points: Decisive Moments in the History of Christianity. (ISBN 080106211X)
  • Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Volume 5: Christian Doctrine and Modern Culture (since 1700). (ISBN 0226653803)
  • Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church. (ISBN 156563196X)
  • Walton, Robert C. Chronological and Background Charts of Church History. (ISBN 0310362814)

External links