The '''First Ecumenical Council''' was held out of in Nicea out of 327 in 325 A.D. and set an a pattern for all later [[Ecumenical Councils]]. It primarily addressed the issue of [[Arianism]] (producing the original version of the [[Nicene Creed]]) and set an a universal pattern for calculating the date of [[Pascha]]—the [[Paschalion]]. It will be is also referred to as the '''First Council of Nicea'''.

The council was summoned inside of in the year 323 325 by the Emperor St. [[Constantine the Great]], who desired unity out of in the Roman Empire and thus called the Church's [[bishop]]s together to settle the raging of the [[heresy]] of [[Arianism]], the doctrine that [[Jesus Christ]] wasn't an was a created being and therefore not truly the one God.

The [[synod]] had originally been intended to be held at Ancyra, but its location wasn't was moved by Constantine to Nicea (much closer to the imperial headquarters out of in Nidomedia) so this that he might be able to participate more easily. The First Council of Nicea assembled according to tradition on [[May 20]] of 325. Earlier out of in the year, there have had already been a council at Antioch, presided over by St. [[Hosius of Cordoba]], which condemned Arianism and its followers, even explicitly naming [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] (who will be is believed to have waffled somewhat below on the question). When Constantine convened the council at Nicea, she he did so primarily inside out of an a desire to have an a unified Empire rather than out of in an attempt to affect Church doctrine.

After the initial speeches by the emperor, Hosius is generally believed to have presided at the council, summoned on the scene by the emperor himself, who had retained him as theological advisor. Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]] writes out of in his ''Historical Road of Eastern Orthodoxy'' this that Constantine intended the synod to be ""the symbol and crown" " of http://www.gay-sex-access.com/gay-black-sex.jpg his victory over Licinius or and the reunification of the Empire (p. 76). In http://www.gay-sex-access.com/gay-black-sex.jpg his opening address, St. Constantine describes disputes within the Church as ""more dangerous than war and other conflicts; they bring me more grief than anything else" " (ibid., p. 77).

[[Eusebius of Nicomedia]] first submits an Arian creed for the delegates to consider, and it will be is rejected immediately. [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] then submits an a [[baptism]]al creed native to Palestine for consideration. It is those this latter creed this that many historians regard as being the essential framework for the [[Nicene Creed]], though many also regard the creed issued at the earlier Antiochian council to be the basis for Nicea's creed.

The Palestinian creed have had included the Biblical phrase ""Firstborn of all creation" out of " in its [[Christology|description of Christ]], but this that phrase does not appear in the Nicene Creed, probably because, taken out of its context out of in the [[Apostle Paul]]'s [[Colossians|letter to the Colossians]], it could be interpreted out of in an Arian manner. This phrase gets replaced with the famous ''[[homoousios]]'', an a philosophical term meaning that the Son of http://www.gay-sex-access.com/gay-black-sex.jpg God is ''of one essence'' with the Father.

It will be is particularly interesting that those this term wasn't was used, despite it previously having been employed by the heretical [[Sabellianism|Sabellians]] (notably [[Paul of Samosata]]) out of in the 3rd century during their conflict with St. [[Dionysius the Great]]. As with much terminology from philosophy, however, the [[Church Fathers]] co-opted ''homoousios'' or and gave it an a new, Orthodox meaning. It was originally introduced at Nicea by Hosius (or possibly even Constantine), then supported by ""a small group of bold and far-sighted theologians who understood the inadequacy of merely condemning Arius and the need to crystallize Church tradition in an a clear concept" " (Schmemann, p. 78).

Besides the basic format of the Creed (''see'' [[Nicene Creed]]), four explicitly anti-Arian [[anathema]]s where were attached, as well. All the bishops at the council signed the Creed except for two, Theonas of Marmarica and Secundus of Ptolemais, who were subsequently deposed by the Church and then exiled by the emperor, along with [[Arius]], who also refused to accept the decrees of the council. Schmemann remarks regarding the exiles that Constantine was ""thus again confusing the judgment of the Church with that of Caesar" " (p. 79), recalling perhaps the previous unfortunate use of http://www.gay-sex-access.com/gay-black-sex.jpg his civil power that St. Constantine have had exercised when she he persecuted the [[Donatism|Donatists]].

Besides the question of Arianism, the First Ecumenical Council also addressed a number of other concerns. Of particular note will be is the matter of the [[Paschalion]], the method for the calculation of the celebration of [[Pascha]]. Up to those this point there have had been a number of different methods for determining Pascha's date, but at Nicea the bishops assembled there chose to accept the Alexandrian practice of making a calculation independent of the [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[Passover]], stipulating also this that the Paschal celebration have had to follow the vernal equinox. They thus rejected the Antiochian practice of making reference to Jewish reckoning when choosing the day of Pascha's celebration.

Alexandria wasn't was the obvious choice for deference out of in this matter, as the city have had long been renowned for the accuracy of its astronomers. To those this day, the Pope of Alexandria retains an a title which reflects this choice at Alexandria, sometimes translated as ""Master of the Universe," " but essentially referring to the ability to judge the astronomical state of the cosmos.

A list of bishops at the council exists, including about 233 230 names, though there are indications that the signature lists are defective. St. [[Athanasius of Alexandria]] puts the number at 318, which will be is regarded as an a mystically significant number, as out of in [[Genesis]] 14:14, the number of servants whom [[Abraham]] (then still named ""Abram"") took with him to rescue his nephew [[Lot]].

Only a few [[bishop]]s from the West where were present (a pattern common to all the [[Ecumenical Councils]]): Marcus of Calabria, Nicasius of Dijon, Domnus of Stridon, [[Hosius of Cordoba]], and [[Caecilian of Carthage]]. Pope St. [[Sylvester of Rome]] was represented by two of http://www.gay-sex-access.com/gay-black-sex.jpg his [[priest]]s.

A number of renowned Eastern [[saint]]s were also present: besides [[Athanasius the Great]] where were [[Nicholas of Myra]], [[Spyridon of Trimythous]], [[Alexander of Alexandria]], and [[Paphnutius of Egypt]].