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Severus of Antioch

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'''Severus of Antioch''' is was one of the ancient dissident bishops in the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Church of Antioch]], known in Syriac as the 'Togho d'Suryoye' or 'Crown of the Syrians.' He was the most prominent Orthodox Christian theologian associated with the opposition to [[Fourth Ecumenical Council|Council of Chalcedon]] and played a central role in defending the phraseology of [[Dioscorus of Alexandria]] preserved by Chalcedon's opponents.
==Early Life==
Severus was born around 459 in Sozopolis, Pisidia (modern day Turkey). His paternal grandfather, also named Severus, was [[Metropolitan]] of Sozopolis and in that capacity attended the [[Third Ecumenical Council|Council of Ephesus]] in 431.
Following the death of his father, a senator in Sozopolis, Severus left Pisidia for Egypt, where he studied grammar and rhetoric together with the Greek and Latin languages in Alexandria. It was in Alexandria that he was introduced to and fell in love with the writings of Ss. [[Basil the Great]] and [[Gregory of Nazianzus]]. In 486 Severus moved to Beirut to study philosophy and Roman jurisprudence and in 488 he was baptized in nearby Tripoli, having not been previously baptized as it was a custom in Pisidia at that time not to baptize boys until they had at least come of age.
==Life as a Monk==
After his [[baptism]] Severus became increasingly [[asceticism|ascetic]] in his daily life, eventually becoming a [[monk]] at St. Romanus' Monastery in Maiuma, Palestine. He later retreated into the desert near Eleutheropolis before founding a [[monastery]] for his [[disciple]]s in Maiuma. Severus lived there in peace until the coming of Nephalius to Gaza in 508. Nephalius had previously led a faction of the Eutychian [[heresy|heretics]] before renouncing his heresies and accepting Chalcedon. Severus insisted that Dioscorus' terminological rigidity be preserved, refused to acknowledge the later Cyrilline and Chalcedonian formula, and was therefore expelled.
Following his expulsion from his monastery Severus together with 200 monks from the area around Gaza left for the imperial capital of Constantinople, where they remained for 3 years seeking to obtain the favor of Emperor Anastasius. When Patriarch [[Macedonius II of Constantinople|Macedonius of Constantinople]] was [[deposition|deposed]] in 511 he was considered for the patriarchate, but Patriarch Timothy, who also opposed Chalcedon, was enthroned instead and Severus was able to return to Palestine with his disciples.
Upon returning to Egypt, Severus settled in the home of a layman, Dorotheus, in the city of Sakha and continued to teach and purportedly work miracles. He died on [[February 8]], 538.
==Commemoration==
Severus is commemorated as a saint by the non-Chalcedonian Syriac Orthodox Church on February 8 and on the Thursday following the [[Fast of Nineveh]].
==External Links and Sources==
*[http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/severus_coll_0_eintro.htm A Collection of Letters of Severus of Antioch]
*[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefathers/files/severus_coll_0_eintro.htm Letters of Patriarch Severus of Antioch]
*[http://www.quodlibet.net/articles/farrington-severus.shtml Orthodox Christology of St. Severus of Antioch]
*[http://www.copticchurch.net/synaxarium/6_9.html Departure of St. Severus] (Synaxarium)
*[http://www.soc-wus.org/ourchurch/St.%20Severus,%20Patriarch%20of%20Antioch.htm St. Severus] (Syriac Orthodox Patriarchal Vicariate of the Western United States)
*[http://sor.cua.edu/Personage/Qadishe/MSeveriusAntioch.html Mor Severius of Antioch] (Syriac Orthodox Resources)
[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category:Non-Chalcedonian Saints]]
[[Category: Patriarchs of Antioch]]
[[Category:6th-century bishops]]
 [[Categoryro: Syrian SaintsSever al Antiohiei]]
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