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Seraphim (Rose)

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Hieromonk '''Hieromonk Seraphim (Rose)''', né (secular name '''Eugene Dennis Rose''' (; [[August 13]], 1934-[[September 2]], 1982) was a [[hieromonk]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] in the United States, whose writings have helped spread Orthodox Christianity throughout modern America and the West and are also quite popular in Russia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece. Although not formally [[Glorification|glorified]] (canonized), he is (some say prematurely) celebrated by some Orthodox Christians as a [[saint]] in [[icon|iconography]], [[liturgy]], and [[prayer]].
==Early life==Born to Frank and Esther Eugene Rose was born on August 13, 1934, in San Diego in 1934, California. His father was Frank Rose, a World War I veteran. Eugene 's mother Esther Rose being a businesswoman was raised also a California artist who specialized in impressionist renderings of Pacific coast scenes. Raised in CaliforniaSan Diego, where he Eugene would remain a Californian for the rest of his entire life. He His older sister was baptized in the Methodist faith at fourteen years oldEileen Rose Busby, but later became an atheistauthor, MENSA member, and antiques expert; his older brother was Frank Rose, losing all belief in Goda local businessman. Rose was also an uncle of scientist and author J. Rated at genius level in high school in formal IQ testingMichael Scott, true crime author and journalist Cathy Scott, and Cordelia Mendoza, in San Francisco he entered a beatnik phase in his life antiques expert and practiced Buddhismauthor.
In Rose was baptized in the summer of 1955Methodist faith at fourteen years old, but later became an atheist, between his junior and senior years at collegelosing all belief in God. After graduating from San Diego High School, Eugene met Finnish-born Jon Gregersonattended Pomona College, through whom where he came into initial contact with the Orthodox faithstudied Chinese philosophy and graduated ''magna cum laude'' in 1956. Eugene came out as [[homosexuality|homosexual]] While at Pomona, Rose was a reader for Ved Mehta, a blind student who would go on to become a close friend from college after his mother discovered letters penned between her son and Walter Pomeroywell known author. Mehta referred to Rose in two books, one of which was ''Stolen Light'', a friend from high school. Eugene later shed his identity book of memoirs: “I felt very lucky to have found Gene as a gay man as reader. ... He read with such clarity that I almost had the illusion that he slowly accepted Orthodoxywas explaining things.” Afterward, eventually ending his lengthy relationship Rose studied under Alan Watts at the American Academy of Asian Studies before entering the master's degree program in Oriental languages at the University of California, Berkeley, where he graduated in 1961 with Gregersona thesis entitled '''Emptiness' and 'Fullness' in the Lao Tzu''.[http://www In addition to a remarkable gift for languages, Rose was also known for possessing an acute sense of humor and wit.pomona.edu/Magazine/PCMSP01/saintHe enjoyed opera, concerts, art, literature, and the other cultural opportunities richly available in San Francisco, where he settled after his graduation and explored Buddhism and other Asian philosophies.shtml]
==Orthodoxy==
While studying under Alan Watts at the American Academy of Asian Studies after graduating from Pomona College in 1956, Eugene discovered the writings of René Guenon. Through Guenon's writings, Eugene was inspired to seek out an authentic, grounded spiritual faith tradition. In the summer of 1955, between his junior and senior years at college, Eugene met Finnish-born Jon Gregerson, through whom he came into initial contact with the Orthodox faith. Eugene came out as [[homosexuality|homosexual]] to a close friend from college after his mother discovered letters penned between her son and Walter Pomeroy, a friend from high school. Gregerson, a practicing Russian Orthodox Christian at the time, introduced Eugene to Orthodoxy. Just as Gregerson was choosing to abandon his Orthodoxy, Eugene was inspired to learn more about the faith. Eugene later shed his identity as a gay man as he slowly accepted Orthodoxy, eventually ending his lengthy relationship with Gregerson.[https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20150518081135/http://www.pomona.edu/Magazine/PCMSP01/saint.shtml] This culminated in Eugene's decision to enter the Church, being received into the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia through [[chrismation]] in 1962.
Eugene and another Orthodox Christian, [[Herman (Podmoshensky)|Gleb Podmoshensky]], later formed a community of Orthodox [[booksellers]] and [[Magazines and Publications|publishers]] called the [[St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood (Platina, California)|St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood]], with the blessing of St. [[John Maximovitch]], Archbishop of San Francisco in the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. The community eventually decided to flee urban modernity into the wilderness of northern California to become [[monasticism|monks]] in 1966. At his [[tonsure]] in 1970, Eugene took the name "Seraphim" after St. Seraphim of Sarov.
Following his [[ordination]] as [[hieromonk]], Fr. Seraphim began writing several books, including ''[[Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future]]'', and ''[[The Soul After Death]]''. One of his best known books, ''[[God's Revelation to the Human Heart]]'', was originally given as a lecture to a religious studies class at UC-Santa Cruz in 1981, and published in book form after his repose. He also founded the magazine ''The Orthodox Word'', still published today by the Brotherhood. The collective body of work that Fr. Seraphim published quickly proliferated throughout America upon Fr. Seraphim's death and later in Russia and Eastern Europe upon the fall of atheist Communism in those countries, though typewritten copies of some of his books had been distributed underground for many years prior.
As a layman in San Francisco, the future Fr. Seraphim developed a close relationship with his spiritual father and mentor, St. [[John Maximovitch]] (+1966), then [[Archbishop]] of San Francisco for the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|Russian Church Abroad]].
[[Image:Father Seraphim Rose.jpg|right|thumb|200px]]
==Teachings==
Although an American [[convert]], Fr. Seraphim is regarded by many as a bastion of sound Orthodox teaching in a time when many American [[jurisdiction]]s, and even factions within the Russian Church Abroad itself, were allegedly introducing new and/or erroneous teachings or practices. In ''Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future'', Fr. Seraphim highlighted what he and others saw as dangerous trends in both the secular and ecclesiastical worlds—namely, modernism and ecumenism (though the book mainly deals with religious movements invading America and outside Orthodoxy).
It was during this time also that [[Holy Transfiguration Monastery (Brookline, Massachusetts)]] began to distort the official positions of the Synod of the Russian Church Abroad[citation needed]. Fr. Seraphim with his fellow monastic, Fr. [[Herman (Podmoshensky)]], used their own tiny printing press to transmit what they regarded as the uncompromised teachings of the Church on a number of issues such as [[evolution]], [[life after death]], and pre-[[Great Schism|Schism]] western [[saint|saints]].
One major issue of contention between Fr. Seraphim and Holy Transfiguration Monastery was the presence of [[grace]] within the allegedly Soviet-compromised hierarchy of the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]]. Fr. Seraphim refuted the extremist views of this monastery and consistently affirmed that Moscow, though ailing, still had grace.
Throughout his life, Fr. Seraphim stressed an "Orthodoxy of the heart," which he felt was absent in much of the ecclesiastical life in America.
One of his more controversial books is ''[[The Soul After Death]]'', which includes the esoteric teaching which had been passed on to Fr. Seraphim from Saint John of the so-called [[Aerial Toll-Houses]], regarding the soul's journey after its departure from the body. This teaching has drawn criticism from some within the Orthodox Church, but has been defended by such noted theologians as [[Hierotheos (Vlachos) of Nafpaktos|Metropolitan Hierotheos (Vlachos)]] and Archimandrite [[Tikhon (Shevkunov)]].
[[Image:Father Seraphim (Rose)Fr_Seraphim_Rose.jpg|left|thumb|200px233px|Picture of Father Seraphim Rose on Mount Yolla Bolly ([[October 11|Octat St. 11]]Herman's, April 1981), serving the Divine Liturgy. Note that he is holding an [[Icon]] of the a [[Holy Trinitypaschal trikirion]].]]
==Death==
After being dead for several days and while lying in repose in a pauper's coffin at his wilderness monastery, visitors claimed that Fr. Seraphim did not succumb to decay and rigor mortis. His body remained supple while several claimed he smelled of roses. A cause for glorification was begun after Fr. Seraphim's burial. He eventually informally attained the title of ''Blessed'' after several miracles were attributed to him and now he awaits glorification into sainthood by an Orthodox [[synod]].
 
==Audio Recordings==
===from 1982===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnQgN1mjqi0 Living the Orthodox Worldview]
==Books==
===As author===
*''God's Revelation to the Human Heart''. Platina: Saint Herman Press, 1988. (ISBN 0938635034)
*''[https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20130902171803/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/nihilism.html Nihilism: The Root of the Revolution of the Modern Age]''. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1994. (ISBN 1887904069) (as Eugene Rose)
:*Second Edition: Hieromonk Damascene (Christensen) (ed.), 2001.
*''Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future''. Platina: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1975. (ISBN 188790400X)
* ''The Northern Thebaid: Monastic Saints of the Russian North'', compiled and translated by Fr. Seraphim Rose and Abbot Herman Podmoshensky. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1995. (ISBN 0938635379)
* ''Contemporary Ascetics of Mount Athos, Vol. 2'', by Abbot Cherubim, translated by Nun Thaisia Simonsson. Platina: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1992 (2nd Rev edition). (ISBN 0938635573)
* ''Orthodox Dogmatic Theology'', by Protopresbyter Mikhail Pomazansky, translated, annotated and edited by Fr. Seraphim Rose. Platina: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 2009 (3rd Edition). (ISBN 0938635697)
===Biographies===
*Christensen, Hieromonk Damascene. ''Father Seraphim Rose: His Life and Works''. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 2003. (ISBN 1887904077) (greatly revised edition of ''Not of This World'')
*Christensen, Monk Damascene. ''Not of This World: The Life and Teaching of Fr. Seraphim Rose''. Platina: St. Herman Press, 1993. (ISBN 0938635522)
*[http://www.cathyscott.com/rose.htm Scott, Cathy]. ''Seraphim Rose: The True Story and Private Letters.'' Regina Orthodox Press, 2000. (ISBN 1928653014). ''N.B.: The author is Fr. Seraphim Rose's niece.''
==External links==
*[https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20090301060724/http://www.fatherseraphimrose.org/ Father Seraphim Rose Foundation]*[https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20150518081135/http://www.pomona.edu/Magazine/PCMSP01/saint.shtml Biographical "Lives of a Saint", 2001 biographical article from by Michael Balchunas, Pomona College Magazine]
*[http://www.angelfire.com/pa3/OldWorldBasic/FrSeraphim.html Father Seraphim Rose: Biography and Online Bookshop]
*[http://www.orthodoxphotos.com/Orthodox_Elders/Various/Fr._Seraphim_Rose/ Photos of Fr. Seraphim Rose]
*[https://www.ancientfaith.com/podcasts/postcards/fr._seraphim_rose_in_greece Fr. Seraphim Rose in Greece (Postcards From Greece Podcast, by Fr. Peter Heers)]*[https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20121002022015/http://deathtotheworld.com/seraphimrose/index.html Death to the World : Father Seraphim Rose of Platina]*[http://audioshestodnev.ancientfaithortox.comru/prepodobnyjj_serafim_platinskijj_%28rouz%29/view/postcardsid/pfg_2009-06-101109795 "Saint Seraphim of Platina (Rose).mp3 Preparing materials for Fr. Seraphim Rose 's glorification in Greece Russian Orthodox Church" (Postcards From Greece Podcast, by Fr. Peter Heersin Russian)]
===Criticism & debate===
*[http://www.new-ostrog.org/gnostic/ The Toll-House Myth: The Neo-Gnosticism of Fr. Seraphim Rose], by Fr. Michael Azkoul*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/death/tollhouse_debate.aspx The Debate Over Aerial Toll-Houses], Extract from the Minutes of the Session of the Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (1980)*[https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20051026030309/http://www.new-ostrog.org:80/toll_main.html Regarding the Toll Houses], Various articles by Archbishop Lazar, Fr. [[Michael Pomazansky]], and others.*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/death/tollhouse_pomaz.aspx On the Question of the "Toll-Houses": Our War is not Against Flesh and Blood], by Fr. Michael Pomazansky*[https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20091204012018/http://www.new-ostrog.org:80/return_tollhouses.html The Return of the Tollhouses], by Fr. Michael Azkoul*[https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20080225114042/http://home.it.net.au:80/%7Ejgrapsas/pages/afterdeath.htm Life after death… death: Mysteries beyond the grave], by Fr. [[Thomas Hopko]]
===Writings===
*[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/charismatic_revival_s_rose_e.htm Charismatic Revival as a Sign of the Times]
*[https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20130902171803/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/nihilism.html Nihilism: The Root of the Revolution of the Modern Age ]*[http://www.stxenia.org/frsrosefiles/history/ortham.shtml html Orthodoxy in America: Its Historical Past and Present]
*[http://www.deathtotheworld.com Death to the World - A Compendium of Fr. Seraphim Rose's writings on-line.]
*[http://www.desertwisdom.org/dttw Desertwisdom.org - On-line collection of writings by and inspired by Fr. Seraphim Rose.]
[[Category:American Saints]]
[[Category:Modern Writers]]
[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category:Priests]]
[[Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity|Rose]]
[[fr:Seraphim Rose]]
[[ro:Serafim Rose]]

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