Changes

{{cleanup}}This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern [[Roman Empire]], called [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] by modern historians. This list does not include numerous coemperors who never attained sole or senior status as rulers.

The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was officially [[w:Augustus|Augustus]], although various other titles such as [[Dominus]] were used as well. For official purposes, their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar Flavius and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title commonly became the Greek [[w:Basileus|Basileus]] (Gr. Βασιλε�?ςΒασιλεύς), which had formerly meant generally "king", "[[Monarch|sovereign]]" but now was used in place of Augustus. Kings were now titled by the neologism Regas (Gr. Ρήγας, from the Lat. "Rex") or by another generic term Archon (Gr. Ά�?χωνΆρχων, "ruler"). [[Autocrat|Autokrator]] (Gr. Αυτοκ�?άτω�?Αυτοκράτωρ) was also frequently used, along with a plethora of more hyperbolic titles—with grandiloquence typically in inverse proportion to actual power—including Kosmokrator (Gr.Κοσμοκ�?άτω�?Κοσμοκράτωρ) ("Master of the Universe") and Chronokrator (Gr.Χ�?ονοκ�?άτω�?Χρονοκράτωρ) ("Lord of All Time"). The emperors of the 15th century alone were often self-styled as Basileus ton Hellinon, "Emperor of the Greeks," though they still considered themselves "Roman" Emperors.

[Note: See also ''the term [[Greek (name)#Byzantines (Βυζαντινοί)|the term "''Byzantine"'']]'' with regard to the late [[Roman Empire]]. This list begins with [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]] the Great, the first Christian emperor reigning from [[Constantinople]], although [[Diocletian]] before him had ruled from Nicaea [[Nicea]] and replaced the pseudorepublican trappings of the office with a straightforward autocracy and Heraclius I after him replaced Latin with Greek and began the restructuring of the Empire into [[Thema|themata]].]

==[[Constantine Dynasty|Constantinian dynasty]] (306-363)==

==[[Valentinian Dynasty|Valentinian]]-[[House of Theodosius|Theodosian]] dynasty (364-457)==

:8. [[Theodosius the Great (emperor)|Theodosius I]] (''Flavius Gratianus''; 346 - 395; ruled 379 - 395) – soldier, married to Aelia Flacilla, then Valentinian I's daughter Galla, fought with [[Magnus Maximus]] at the [[Battle of the Save]] in 388:9. [[Arcadius]] (''Flavius Arcadius''; 377 - 408; ruled 395 - 408) – son of Theodosius Iand Aelia Flacilla, brother of [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]]

:11. [[Pulcheria the Empress|Pulcheria]] (''Aelia Purcheria''; 399 – 453; ruled 408 - 441, 450) – sister of Theodosius II; canonized

==[[House of Leo|Leonid dynasty]] (457-518)==

==[[Justinian Dynasty|Justinian dynasty]] (518-602)==

:22. [[Maurice (emperor)|Maurice]] (''Flavius Mauricius Tiberius''; 539 - 602, ruled 582 - 602) – son-in-law of Tiberius II

==[[Heraclian Dynasty|Heraclian dynasty]] (610-695)==:24. [[Heraclius]] (Η�?άκλειοςΗράκλειος) (575 - 641, ruled 610 - 641) – usurper; son of the Armenian Exarch of Africa

:26. [[Heracleonas|Heraklonas]] (Constantine Heraclius) (Η�?ακλωνάςΗρακλωνάς) (626 - 641?, ruled 641) – son of Herakleios; mutilated and deposed

:29. [[Constantine the New|Constantine IV]] (Κωνσταντίνος Δ') (649 - 685, ruled 668 - 685) – son of Constans II

:32. [[Tiberius III|Tiberios III]] (Τιβέ�?ιος Τιβέριος Γ' ο Αψίμα�?οςΑψίμαρος) (ruled 698 - 705) – German orig. named Apsimar; deposed and executed

:33. [[Philippicus|PhilippikosPhilippikus]] Bardanes (Φιλιππικός Βα�?δάνηςΒαρδάνης) (ruled 711 - 713) – Armenian soldier; deposed and mutilated:34. [[Anastasius II (emperor)|Anastasios Anastasius II]] (Αναστάσιος Β') ( ? - 721, ruled 713 - 715) – orig. Artemios; secretary of Philippikos; deposed & entered monastery, later revolted & was executed:35. [[Theodosius III|Theodosios III]] (Θεοδόσιος Γ' ο Αδ�?αμμυττηνόςΑδραμμυττηνός) (ruled 715 - 717) – tax-collector; abdicated and entered monastery

==[[Isaurian Dynasty|Isaurian dynasty]] (717-802)==:36. [[Leo III the Isaurian|Leo III]] the Isaurian (Λέων Γ' ο Ίσαυ�?οςΊσαυρος) (675 680 - 741, ruled 717 - 741) – Strategos:37. [[Constantine V]] Kopronymos (the Dung-named) (Κωνσταντίνος Ε' ο Κοπ�?ώνυμος Κοπρώνυμος ή Καβαλίνος) (718 - 745, ruled 741) – son of Leo III; deposed:38. [[Artabasdus]] the Icon-lover (Α�?τάβασδος Αρτάβασδος ο Εικονόφιλος) (ruled 741 - 743) – Leo III's chamberlain and son-in-law:*[[Constantine V]] Kopronymos (the Dung-named) (Κωνσταντίνος Ε' ο Κοπ�?ώνυμος Κοπρώνυμος ή Καβαλίνος) (ruled 743 - 775) – restored:39. [[Leo IV the Khazar|Leo IV]] the Khazar (Λέων Δ' o Χαζά�?οςΧαζάρος) (750 - 780, ruled 775 - 780) – son of Constantine V

:41. St. [[Irene (empress)|Ireneof Athens]] the Athenian (Ει�?ήνη Ειρήνη η Αθηναία) (755 - 803, ruled 797 - 802) – wife of Leo IV, mother of Constantine VI; canonized by the Orthodox church; deposed and exiled to [[Lesbos IslandMetropolis of Mytiline|Lesbos]]island.

:42. [[Nicephorus I|Nikephoros Nikephorus I]] (�?ικηφό�?ος Νικηφόρος Α') ( ? - 811, ruled 802 - 811) – [[Megas Logothetes]]; died in battle, skull used as wine cup:43. [[Stauracius|StaurakiosStaurakius]] (Σταυ�?άκιος Σταυράκιος Φωκάς) ( ? - 812, ruled 811) – son of Nikephoros I; paralyzed

:45. [[Leo V the Armenian|Leo V]] the Armenian (Λέων Ε' ο Α�?μένιοςΑρμένιος) (775 - 820, ruled 813 - 820) – Strategos; assassinated

:46. [[Michael II]] the Stammerer or the Amorian (Μιχαήλ Β' ο Τ�?αυλός η ΨηλλοςΤραυλός ή Ψελλός) (770 - 829, ruled 820 - 829) – Strategos, son-in-law of Constantine VI:47. [[Theophilus (emperor)the Iconclast|TheophilosTheophilus]] (Θεόφιλος) (813 - 842, ruled 829 - 842) – son of Michael II:48. [[Theodora (9th centuryempress)|Theodora]] (Θεοδώ�?αΘεοδώρα) (ruled 842 - 855) – wife of Theophilus; empress and regent for Michael III; canonized by the Orthodox church; deposed and entered monastery:49. [[Michael III the Amorian|Michael III]] the Drunkard (Μιχαήλ Γ' ο Μέθυσος) (840 - 867, ruled 842 - 867) – son of TheophilosTheophilus; assassinated

==[[Macedonian dynasty]] (867-1056)==

:52. [[Alexander III (emperor)|Alexander]] (Αλέξανδ�?ος Αλέξανδρος Γ' του Βυζαντίου) (870 - 913, ruled 912 - 913) – son of Basil I, regent for nephew:53. [[Constantine VII]] the Purple-born (Κωνσταντίνος Ζ' ο Πο�?φυ�?ογέννητοςΠορφυρογέννητος) (905-959, ruled 913 - 959) – son of Leo VI

:55. [[Romanus II|Romanos II]] the Purple-born (Ρωμανός Β' ο Πο�?φυ�?ογέννητοςΠορφυρογέννητος) (939 - 963, ruled 959 - 963) – son of Constantine VII:56. [[Nicephorus IIPhocas|Nikephoros II]] Phokas (�?ικηφό�?ος Νικηφόρος Β' Φωκάς) (912 - 969, ruled 963 - 969) – Strategos; married Romanos II's widow, regent for Basil II; assassinated:57. [[John I Tzimisces|John I Tzimiskes]] (Ιωάννης Α' Κου�?κο�?ας Κουρκούας ο Τσιμισκής) (925 - 976, ruled 969 - 976) – brother-in-law of Romanus II, lover of Nicephorus's wife but banned from marriage, regent for Basil:58. [[Basil II]] the Bulgar-slayer (Βασίλειος Β' ο Βουλγα�?οκτόνοςΒουλγαροκτόνο) (958 - 1025, ruled 976 - 1025) – son of Romanos II

:61. [[Romanus III|Romanos III]] Argyros (Ρωμανός Γ' ο Α�?γυ�?όςΑργυρός) (968 - 1034, ruled 1028 - 1034) – eparch of Constantinople; Zoe's first husband, arranged by Constantine VIII; murdered

:64. [[Theodora (11th century)|Theodora]] (Θεοδώ�?αΘεοδώρα) (980 - 1056, ruled 1042) – daughter of Constantine VIII, coempress with Zoe

:*[[Theodora (11th century)|Theodora]] (Θεοδώ�?αΘεοδώρα) (ruled 1055 - 1056) – restored

:66. [[Michael VI]] the General (Μιχαήλ ΣΤ' ο Στ�?ατιωτικόςΣτρατιωτικός) (ruled 1056 - 1057) – chosen by Theodora; deposed & entered monastery

==[[Comnenus|Comnenid dynasty]]==

:68. [[Constantine X]] Doukas (Κωνσταντίνος Ι' ο Δο�?καςΔούκας) (1006 - 1067, ruled 1059 - 1067) – selected by Michael Psellus the Younger:69. [[Michael VII]] Doukas Quarter-short (Μιχαήλ Ζ' Δο�?κας Πα�?απινάκηςΔούκας Παραπινάκης) (1050 - 1090, ruled 1067 - 1078) – son of Constantine X, originally coemperor with two brothers and Romanus; deposed & entered monastery

:71. [[Nikephoros III]] Botaneiates (�?ικηφό�?ος Νικηφόρος Γ' Βοτανειάτης) (1001 - 1081, ruled 1078 - 1081) – Strategos claiming descent from the [[Fabii]], bigamously married Michael VII's wife; deposed & forced into monastery

:76. [[Andronikos I Komnenos]] (Ανδ�?όνικος Ανδρόνικος Α' Κομνηνός) (1118 - 1185, ruled 1183 - 1185) – nephew of John II; married Alexios II's widow; deposed, tortured, and executed; ancestor of the Komnenian line in [[Trebizond]].

:81. [[Alexios V]] Doukas the Bushy-eyebrowed (Αλέξιος Ε' Δο�?κας Δούκας ο Μο�?�?τζουφλοςΜούρτζουφλος) (1140 - 1204, ruled 1204) – son-in-law of Alexios III

==Laskarid dynasty (in exile, [[Empire of Nicaea]]Nicea, 1204-1261)== [[Image:Laskarid eagle.jpg|thumb|180px|The Great Seal of the Laskarid dynasty]]

:83. [[Theodore I Laskaris]] (Θεόδω�?ος Θεόδωρος Α' Λάσκα�?ηςΛάσκαρης) (1174 - 1222, ruled 1204 - 1222) – son-in-law of Alexios III:84. [[John III Doukas Vatatzes]] (Ιωάννης Γ' Δο�?κας Δούκας Βατάτζης) (1192 - 1254, ruled 1222 - 1254) – son-in-law of Theodore I; epileptic:85. [[Theodore II Laskaris|Theodore II Doukas Laskaris]] (Θεόδω�?ος Θεόδωρος Β' Δο�?κας Λάσκα�?ηςΔούκας Λάσκαρης) (1221 - 1258, ruled 1254 - 1258) – son of John III:86. [[John IV Laskaris|John IV Doukas Laskaris]] (Ιωάννης Δ' Δο�?κας Λάσκα�?ηςΔούκας Λάσκαρης) (1250 - 1305, ruled 1258 - 1261) – son of Theodore II, deposed, blinded, and imprisoned by Michael VIII

==[[Palaeologus|Palaiologan Dynasty]] (restored to Constantinople, 1259-1453)==

:88. [[Andronikos II Palaiologos]] the Elder (Ανδ�?όνικος Ανδρόνικος Β' ο Γέ�?οςΓέρος) (1258 - 1332, ruled 1282 - 1328) – son of Michael VIII; abdicated:89. [[Andronikos III Palaiologos]] the Younger (Ανδ�?όνικος Ανδρόνικος Γ' Παλαιολόγος ο �?έοςΝέος) (1297 - 1341, ruled 1328 - 1341) – grandson of Andronikos II

:92. [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]] (Ανδ�?όνικος Ανδρόνικος Δ' Παλαιολόγος) (1348 - 1385, ruled 1376 - 1379) – son of John V, half-blinded following revolt, later succeeded and was deposed, revolted a third time

:96. [[Constantine XI Palaiologos|Constantine XI]] Palaiologos Dragases (Κωνσταντίνος ΙΑ' Παλαιολόγος Δ�?αγάσηςΔραγάσης) (1405 - 1453, ruled 1449 - 1453) – son of Manuel II, not crowned in Constantinople, died on the walls

In 1453 [[Mehmed II]] overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of [[Caesar (title)|Kaisar]]; his successors continued this claim.

==[[Palaeologus|Palaiologan Dynasty]] (in exile)==

*[[Andreas Palaeologus|Andrew Palaiologos]] (Ανδ�?έας Ανδρέας Παλαιολόγος) (1453 - 1502) &ndash; son of Thomas; created [[despotism|Despot]] by [[Pope Pius II]], self-styled <small>imperator Constantinopolitanus</small>; sold titles to [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]] in 1494 and granted the remainder to King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferran II]] of Aragon and Queen [[Isabella of Castile|Isabel]] of Castille in his will.

 {{Epochs of Roman Emperors}} [[Category:Emperors and KingsRulers]]

[[ar:قائمة بالأباطرة البيزنطيين]] <!-- interwiki -->[[ro:Listă a Împăraţilor Romani de Răsărit]]