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* In the East, endorsement of [[Caesaropapism]], subordination of the church to the religious claims of the dominant political order, was most fully evident in the [[Byzantine Empire]] at the end of the first millennium,<ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573998/Church_and_State.html#p3 Church and State in the Byzantine Empire]</ref> while in the West, where the decline of imperial authority left the Church relatively independent,<ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573998/Church_and_State.html#p4 Church and State in Western Europe]</ref> there was growth of the power of the [[Papacy]].
* As a result of the [[Muslim conquests]] of the territories of the patriarchates of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, only two rival powerful centres of ecclesiastical authority, Constantinople and Rome, remained.<ref>"During the decade following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632, his followers captured three of the five 'patriarchates' of the early church — Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem — leaving only Rome and Constantinople, located at opposite ends of the Mediterranean and, eventually, also at opposite ends of the Schism of 1054" ([http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507284/Roman-Catholicism/257669 Encyclopaedia Britannica]).</ref>
* Certain [[liturgy|liturgical]] practices in the West that the East believed represented illegitimate innovation: such as the use of [[Azymes|unleavened bread]] for the [[Eucharist]], for example (see [[Azymite]]).*Clerical [[Clerical celibacy|Celibacy among ]] of Western priests]] (both monastic and parish), as opposed to the Eastern discipline whereby parish priests could be married men.
===Previous schisms===
