Difference between revisions of "German (Đorić) of Serbia"

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His Holiness, ‘‘‘German (Đorić) of Serbia’’’, Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci and Patriarch of Serbia, (Serbian Cyrillic: Његова светост Герман Архиепископ пећки, Митрополит београдско-карловачки и Патријарх српски) was the [[patriarch]] of the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]] from 1958 to 1990. He was successful in revitalizing the Serbian Orthodox Church to a certain extent during the Communist period, despite two [[schism]]s that occurred during his tenure.
  
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His Holiness, the Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, Serbian Patriarch German '''(Serbian Cyrillic: Његова светост Герман Архиепископ пећки, Митрополит београдско-карловачки и Патријарх српски)''' ([[August 19]], 1899, '''Jošanička Banja, Serbia''' - [[August 27]], 1991, '''Belgrade, Serbia''') was the patriarch of the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]] from 1958 to 1990.he was successful in revitalizing the Serbian Orthodox Church to a certain extent during the Communist period, despite two schisms that occurred during his tenure.
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==Life ==
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Patr. German was born on [[August 19]], 1899, as Hranislav Đorić in Jošanička Banja. His father was a teacher and later a [[priest]]. He attended elementary school in Velika Drenova and Kruševac, [[seminary]] in Belgrade and Sremski Karlovci, graduating in 1921. He studied law at the Sorbonne in Paris before graduating from the Orthodox Theological Faculty in Belgrade in 1942.
  
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== Early life ==
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He was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]], followed by appointment as the clerk of the Spiritual Court in Čačak. He was also a [[catechist]] in the Čačak's high school. Due to ill health, he left these administrative positions. Later, he was ordained a [[presbyter]] and was assigned his own [[parish]] of Miokovci. In 1931, Fr. Hranislav moved to Vrnjačka Banja and, in 1938, became a referent of the [[Holy Synod]] of the Serbian Orthodox Church.   
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Patriarch German was born on [[August 19]], 1899, as Hranislav Đorić in Jošanička Banja. His father was teacher and later priest. He attended elemenatary school in Velika Drenova and Kruševac, seminary in Belgrade and Sremski Karlovci (graduating in 1921), studying law in Paris (Sorbonne) and finally graduating at the Orthodox Theological Faculty in Belgrade in 1942.
 
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He was ordained a deacon, appointed the clerk of the Spiritual Court in Čačak and also a catechist in the Čačak's high school. Due to ill health, he left the administrative jobs and was ordained a presbyter, receiving his own parish of Miokovci. In 1931 he moved to Vrnjačka Banja and in 1938 became a referent of the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church.  He had children .His son Hranislav later became protodeacon and teacher at St. sava Seminary in Belgrade.
 
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In 1950 he become secertary general of the Holy Synod and editor in chief of the Glasnik, the official gazette of the Serbian Orthodox Church
 
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Because he was a widower  he took monastic wovs 1950 Studenica monastery, acquiring the name German. After that he is ordained as  auxilary Bishop of Serbian Patriarch Vikentije, with title vicar bishop of Moravice.
 
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In 1951 he was appointed a bishop of Budim. However, as Hungarian authorities didn't approve his appointment neither allowed him to enter the country, so he was never enthroned. In 1956 he was appointed the bishop of Žiča, one of most prestigeous sees in Serbia. He succeded [[Nikolai Velimirovic|St. Nikolaj]]. In this capacity, he was also an administrator (acting bishop) of Budimlja-Polimlje and Raška-Prizren eparchies.
 
  
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== Patriarch ==
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His son, Hranislav, later became [[protodeacon]] and teacher at St. Sava Seminary in Belgrade. His wife, however, had died.
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When patriarch Vikentije suddenly died on [[July 5]], 1958, German was elected the 43rd Patriarch of Peć on [[September 14]], 1958. However some sources claim a much higher number, as a result of over a dozen of people who occupied the throne, but were not officially ordained or recognized as such or the patriarchs of Karlovci in Austria-Hungary which are not counted in the list of official patriarchs (especially not as patriarchs of Peć, instead calling themselves patriarchs of the Serbs).
 
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German was labeled a pro-communist from  some priests the dioceses from abroad. This was one of the reason of the split of the diocese of Nova Gračanica in North America in 1963, and the appointment of two bishops, one schismatic and another loyal to German. The problem was solved in 1992 in the early period of German's successor, patriarch Pavle, when the split diocese rejoined the jurisdiction of the Serbian Orthodox Church, thus poiniting out that the problem was perhaps more of a personal, rather than a dogmatic dispute.The schism of the Macedonian Orthodox Church is a much deeper and complicated issue.German set to revitalize the Serbian Orthodox Church, which was greatly oppressed by the Communist government.
 
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Despite harsh conditions, he managed to form several new dioceses: Western Europe (1969), Australia (1973), Vranje (1975) and Canada (1983).
 
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He oversaw the finishing works on the new seminary complex of buildings in Belgrade (including the campus) in 1958, so today the entire neighborhood surrounding the complex is known as Богословија (Serbian for seminary). He also opened new seminary in the Krka monastery in Croatia.
 
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In 1984 he visited the site of the concentration camp Jasenovac, saying a now famous line: Опростити морамо, заборавити не смемо (To forgive, we must to...to forget, we must not).
 
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Many consider German's greatest achievement to be his successful campaign for the resumption of the construction of the Temple of Saint Sava in Belgrade, which was stopped in 1941. In 26 years from his appointment, he urged Communist government 88 times until they finally authorized the construction to continue in 1984.
 
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In 1989, patriarch German broke his hip, which lead to a series of surgeries and repeated injuries, so the already old patriarch was unable to perform his duties. As a result of this, the Holy Synod declared him incapacitated on August 27, 1990, and appointed the metropolitan bishop of Zagreb and Ljubljana Jovan Pavlović as the guardian of the throne and elected the new patriarch, [[Pavle (Stojcevic) of Serbia|Pavle]], on [[December 1]], 1990. His Holiness, Serbian Patriarch, German, died in the VMA hospital in Belgrade on [[August 27]], 1991, aged 92, and was buried in Belgrade's St. Mark's Church.
 
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His tenure of 32 years in the office is second longest in the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church after patriarch Pajsije.
 
  
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In 1950, he was assigned the position of  secretary general of the Holy Synod and editor in chief of the ''Glasnik'', the official gazette of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Also, in 1950, Fr. Hranislav took monastic vows at Studenica [[monastery]], acquiring the name German. Subsequently, he was consecrated auxiliary [[bishop]] to Patriarch Vikentije, with title vicar Bishop of Moravice.
  
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In 1951, he was elected bishop of Budim. However, Hungarian authorities didn't approve this appointment, and government didn’t allowed him to enter the country. Thus, he was never enthroned. In 1956, he was appointed Bishop of Žiča, one of most prestigious [[see]]s in Serbia, succeeding [[Nikolai Velimirovic|St. Nikolaj]]. In this capacity, he was also an [[administrator]] of Budimlja-Polimlje and Raška-Prizren eparchies.
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After Patr. Vikentije died suddenly on [[July 5]], 1958, Bp. German was elected the 43rd Patriarch of Peć on [[September 14]], 1958.
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In 1989, Patr. German broke his hip, which led to a series of surgeries and further injuries, serious enough so that he was unable to perform his duties. Thus, on [[August 27]], 1990, the Holy Synod declared him incapacitated, and appointed the metropolitan bishop of Zagreb and Ljubljana, Jovan Pavlović, as the guardian of the throne. On [[December 1]], 1990, the Holy Synod elected [[Pavle (Stojcevic) of Serbia|Pavle]] the new patriarch. His Holiness, German, died in the VMA hospital in Belgrade on [[August 27]], 1991, at the age of 92. He was buried in Belgrade's St. Mark's Church.
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His tenure of 32 years in the office as patriarch of Serbia is second longest in the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church, after Patr. Pajsije.
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==His Patriarchate==
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Patr. German oversaw the Church of Serbia through most of the era of communist rule of Serbia. This era was one of division and strife.
 +
 +
Upon assuming office, Patr. German was labeled a pro-communist by some [[priest]]s assigned in [[diocese]]s abroad. This resulted in the split of the diocese of Nova Gračanica in North America in 1963 and the appointment of two bishops, one schismatic and another loyal to the Patriarch. The problem was resolved in 1992 during the initial period of rule by German's successor, Patriarch Pavle, when the schismatic diocese rejoined the Serbian Orthodox Church. The schism of the Macedonian Orthodox Church, however, is a much deeper and more complicated issue that is still to be resolved.
 +
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Patr. German strived to revitalize the Serbian Church which was oppressed greatly by the Communist government. Despite difficult conditions, he managed to form several new dioceses: that of Western Europe in 1969, Australia in 1973, Vranje in 1975, and Canada in 1983.
 +
 +
He oversaw completion of construction of the new seminary complex of buildings and campus in Belgrade in 1958, such that today the entire neighborhood surrounding the complex is known as Богословија (Serbian for seminary). He also established a new seminary in the Krka [[monastery]] in Croatia.
 +
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In 1984, he visited the site of the World War II concentration camp, Jasenovac, during which he stated the now famous line: ““Опростити морамо, заборавити не смемо (To forgive, we must to...to forget, we must not).
 +
 +
Many consider Patr. German's greatest achievement to be his successful campaign for the resumption of the construction of the Temple of Saint Sava in Belgrade, which was stopped in 1941. For 26 years from his appointment, he urged the Communist government 88 times until they finally authorized the construction to continue in 1984.
 +
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==Patriarchal Succession==
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The number of bishops in the Serbian patriarchal succession has been in dispute. Some sources claim a much higher number than 43 for Patr. German. The differing counts being claimed are as a result of over a dozen of bishops who occupied the throne, but were not officially consecrated or recognized as such, or the number of patriarchs of Karlovci in Austria-Hungary who are not counted in the list of official patriarchs. This is especially of note for those who were called patriarchs of Peć, instead calling themselves patriarchs of the Serbs.
  
 
{{start box}}
 
{{start box}}
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{{succession|
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before= ?|
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title=Bishop of Moravice - Vicar|
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years=1950-1956|
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after=?}}
 
{{succession|
 
{{succession|
 
before= [[Nikolai Velimirovic|St Nikolaj]]|
 
before= [[Nikolai Velimirovic|St Nikolaj]]|
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title=Bishop ofŽiča|
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title=Bishop of Žiča|
 
years=1956-1958|
 
years=1956-1958|
 
after= [[Vasilije (Kostić) of Žiča|Vasilije]]}}
 
after= [[Vasilije (Kostić) of Žiča|Vasilije]]}}

Revision as of 20:31, February 26, 2007

His Holiness, ‘‘‘German (Đorić) of Serbia’’’, Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci and Patriarch of Serbia, (Serbian Cyrillic: Његова светост Герман Архиепископ пећки, Митрополит београдско-карловачки и Патријарх српски) was the patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church from 1958 to 1990. He was successful in revitalizing the Serbian Orthodox Church to a certain extent during the Communist period, despite two schisms that occurred during his tenure.

Life

Patr. German was born on August 19, 1899, as Hranislav Đorić in Jošanička Banja. His father was a teacher and later a priest. He attended elementary school in Velika Drenova and Kruševac, seminary in Belgrade and Sremski Karlovci, graduating in 1921. He studied law at the Sorbonne in Paris before graduating from the Orthodox Theological Faculty in Belgrade in 1942.

He was ordained a deacon, followed by appointment as the clerk of the Spiritual Court in Čačak. He was also a catechist in the Čačak's high school. Due to ill health, he left these administrative positions. Later, he was ordained a presbyter and was assigned his own parish of Miokovci. In 1931, Fr. Hranislav moved to Vrnjačka Banja and, in 1938, became a referent of the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

His son, Hranislav, later became protodeacon and teacher at St. Sava Seminary in Belgrade. His wife, however, had died.

In 1950, he was assigned the position of secretary general of the Holy Synod and editor in chief of the Glasnik, the official gazette of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Also, in 1950, Fr. Hranislav took monastic vows at Studenica monastery, acquiring the name German. Subsequently, he was consecrated auxiliary bishop to Patriarch Vikentije, with title vicar Bishop of Moravice.

In 1951, he was elected bishop of Budim. However, Hungarian authorities didn't approve this appointment, and government didn’t allowed him to enter the country. Thus, he was never enthroned. In 1956, he was appointed Bishop of Žiča, one of most prestigious sees in Serbia, succeeding St. Nikolaj. In this capacity, he was also an administrator of Budimlja-Polimlje and Raška-Prizren eparchies.

After Patr. Vikentije died suddenly on July 5, 1958, Bp. German was elected the 43rd Patriarch of Peć on September 14, 1958.

In 1989, Patr. German broke his hip, which led to a series of surgeries and further injuries, serious enough so that he was unable to perform his duties. Thus, on August 27, 1990, the Holy Synod declared him incapacitated, and appointed the metropolitan bishop of Zagreb and Ljubljana, Jovan Pavlović, as the guardian of the throne. On December 1, 1990, the Holy Synod elected Pavle the new patriarch. His Holiness, German, died in the VMA hospital in Belgrade on August 27, 1991, at the age of 92. He was buried in Belgrade's St. Mark's Church.

His tenure of 32 years in the office as patriarch of Serbia is second longest in the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church, after Patr. Pajsije.

His Patriarchate

Patr. German oversaw the Church of Serbia through most of the era of communist rule of Serbia. This era was one of division and strife.

Upon assuming office, Patr. German was labeled a pro-communist by some priests assigned in dioceses abroad. This resulted in the split of the diocese of Nova Gračanica in North America in 1963 and the appointment of two bishops, one schismatic and another loyal to the Patriarch. The problem was resolved in 1992 during the initial period of rule by German's successor, Patriarch Pavle, when the schismatic diocese rejoined the Serbian Orthodox Church. The schism of the Macedonian Orthodox Church, however, is a much deeper and more complicated issue that is still to be resolved.

Patr. German strived to revitalize the Serbian Church which was oppressed greatly by the Communist government. Despite difficult conditions, he managed to form several new dioceses: that of Western Europe in 1969, Australia in 1973, Vranje in 1975, and Canada in 1983.

He oversaw completion of construction of the new seminary complex of buildings and campus in Belgrade in 1958, such that today the entire neighborhood surrounding the complex is known as Богословија (Serbian for seminary). He also established a new seminary in the Krka monastery in Croatia.

In 1984, he visited the site of the World War II concentration camp, Jasenovac, during which he stated the now famous line: ““Опростити морамо, заборавити не смемо (To forgive, we must to...to forget, we must not).

Many consider Patr. German's greatest achievement to be his successful campaign for the resumption of the construction of the Temple of Saint Sava in Belgrade, which was stopped in 1941. For 26 years from his appointment, he urged the Communist government 88 times until they finally authorized the construction to continue in 1984.

Patriarchal Succession

The number of bishops in the Serbian patriarchal succession has been in dispute. Some sources claim a much higher number than 43 for Patr. German. The differing counts being claimed are as a result of over a dozen of bishops who occupied the throne, but were not officially consecrated or recognized as such, or the number of patriarchs of Karlovci in Austria-Hungary who are not counted in the list of official patriarchs. This is especially of note for those who were called patriarchs of Peć, instead calling themselves patriarchs of the Serbs.

Succession box:
German (Đorić) of Serbia
Preceded by:
? 		Bishop of Moravice - Vicar
1950-1956 		Succeeded by:
?
Preceded by:
St Nikolaj 		Bishop of Žiča
1956-1958 		Succeeded by:
Vasilije
Preceded by:
Vikentije 		Patriarch of Serbia
1958-1990 		Succeeded by:
Pavle
Help with box


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