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{{westernrite}}The '''Gallican Rite''' is actually refers in the first instance to the liturgy of ancient Gaul (France), and in the second to a family of non-Roman [[Western Rite]]s which comprised the majority use of most of Western European Europe for the greater part of until being mostly displaced by the 1st millenium. The Roman rite first developed beginning in the early centuries as eighth century, but modifying the Syriac-Greek rites of Jerusalem and Antioch were first translated into Latin Roman rite in various parts of the Roman Westprocess.

Various rites within the greater Gallican family claim have claimed various specific lineages, such as an origin from the Alexandrine rite of St. [[Apostle Mark|Mark]] for the Churches of Aquilea and Milan, or origins from the Ephesine rite of St. [[Apostle John|John the Divine]] for the Churches of Gaul, Iberia, and Brittania. Many Gallican texts survive, but The little evidence remaining for the survival rite of Ephesus comes from local councils in Asia Minor. There the rite is mostly in its influence upon Byzantine replaced the present Roman and Anglican rites (called Gallo-Roman)Ephesine, as which seems to have simply been a component local use of the Ambrosian rite wider Greco-Syriac "Antiochian" liturgy. The Ephesine theory had its major opponents among the Modernist school of Milanthe early 20th century, [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06357a.htm as the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' states], "the Ephesine theory has now been given up by all serious liturgiologists. " The last surviving "pure" Gallican development of the rite is such it did not likely originate before the fourth century. However, the origin of the Mozarabic rite remains very much an open question. That it does contain much of Toledo, Spain which Antiochian influence has been limited influenced contemporary liturgical scholars to a few chapels for revisit the past few centuries. The Gallican rites are more extravagant than the Roman, Ephesine claim of the music more melismatic''Cursus Gallorum'', whereby the words richer, more profuse, and dramatic. The surviving earliest Gallican materials also have recognizable concordances with the Eastern and Oriental rites in liturgy would simply be the form liturgy of certain prayers Syria and ceremonialAsia Minor, owing to its shared ancient origin but in the original rites of the Holy LandLatin tongue.

Many Gallican texts survive, but the survival of the rite is primarily in the Toledan rite (also called Mozarabic, Isidorian, Old Spanish or Gothic by some liturgical scholars) , and secondarily in its influence upon the present Roman and Anglican rites (called Gallo-Roman), and as a component of the Ambrosian rite of Milan. It is due to the influence of the Gallican liturgy that the Roman [[Mass]] included the ''Gloria.'' The longest surviving Gallican rite was that of Toledo, Spain, which has been limited to a few [[chapel]]s for the past few centuries. Both the Toledan and Milanese liturgies were modified by the Roman, accepting the Roman [[canon]] at fairly recent times in their development. Following the Second Vatican Council, both the Toledan Rite and the Milanese Rite were altered in a ''Novus Ordo'' style though both have been celebrated in their traditional forms by priests of the Western Rite Orthodox.  Whatever their origin, the Gallican rites were more given to ceremonial than the Roman. The surviving Gallican materials also have recognizable concordances with the Eastern and Oriental rites in the form of certain prayers and ceremonial, while sharing many other similarities with the Roman rite. The known elements of the Gallican liturgy are: *Introit*The ''Ajus (agios)'' sung in Greek and Latin. Following this, three boys sing ''Kyrie Eleison'' three times. This is followed by the ''Benedictus''.*Collect*Old Testament reading*Epistle reading or Life of the Saint of the Day*The ''Benedicite'' and ''Ajus (agios)'' in Latin*Gospel reading*Sermon*Dismissal of catechumens*Intercessions*Great Entrance and the Offertory chant*Kiss of Peace*''Sursum Corda'', Preface, ''Sanctus'', and Post-''Sanctus'' Prayer*Roman (Gregorian) Eucharistic Prayer (not in the Gallican and Spanish liturgies, which had variable elements in the anaphora)*The Fraction (the host is divided into nine pieces, seven of which are then arranged into the shape of a cross)*Our Father*Blessing of the People*Communion of the People*Post-Communion Prayer ==Outline of the Gallican Liturgy==The following is the order of the Gallican liturgy as it was celebrated in sixth century Paris, as described in the first letter of St Germanus of Paris, published as ''Expositio antiquae liturgiae gallicanae''. Unlike the Roman and Milanese, the Gallican proper does not have a fixed anaphora, but instead uses variable texts before and after the institution narrative.  *Preparation of the Offerings*Praelegendum (entrance psalm)*Call for silence and greeting*Trisagion (in Greek and Latin)*Kyrie*''Benedictus''*Reading from the Old Testament*Collect after the Old Testament reading*Responsory*Apostole*Canticle from Daniel*Thrice-Holy before the Gospel*Gospel*Sanctus after the Gospel*Homily*Preces*Collect after the Preces*Dismissal of the catechumens*Offertory*Preface to the faithful and collect*Diptychs and collect*Exchange of the Peace and collect*Anaphora: variable Contestatio/Immolatio, variable ''Vere Sanctus'', institution narrative, variable ''post mysterium''*Breaking of the Bread*Lord's Prayer*Episcopal blessing*Communion*''Trecanum'' (post-communion hymn of thanksgiving to the Trinity)*Postcommunion collect*Dismissal ==20th century history==In the early 20th century, the Russian emigré community in Paris included a number of [[clergy ]] who were mindful of evangelization in the West. Among that number were a pair of brothers, Fathers Eugraph and Evgraph (later Bishop [[Jean -Nectaire (KovaleskyKovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Eugene KovalevskyJean-Nectaire of Saint-Denis]]) and Maxime Kovalevsky. Based The Kovalevskys restored the Gallican liturgy based upon the "Letters two letters concerning the liturgy whose authorship is ascribed to St [[Germanus of Saint Paris|Germanus" and ]], a sixth century [[bishop]] of Paris, as well as various Gallican Missals and other non-Roman missals (Stowe, Bobbio, Gothic, Mozarab, Autun) and much borrowing from the Byzantine, a Neo-Gallican rite was constructed for the . The [[Western RiteDivine Liturgy according to St Germanus of Paris]] activity in France. This rite was something in between an Eastern and Western rite, having similarities in structure and material with both. The rite is still in use with [[Orthodox Church of France|L'Eglise Orthodoxe de France]] as well as the Union Actuelle Orthodoxe Catholique Francaise , which is now in union with talks to join the [[Church of Serbia|Patriarch Patriarchate of Serbia]]. The rite has been used by communities under the [[Church of Russia]], the [[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad]], the [[Church of Romania]], and the [[Church of Serbia]], and the Coptic Patriarchate of Alexandria.

*[http://orthodoxie.free.fr/sources_du_rite.htm L'ECOF article on the origins of their Neo-Gallican rite in French]

*[http://wwwweb.odoxarchive.netorg/Liturgy1-Gallicanweb/20030329153729/members.truepath.com/Ben_Johnson/Germanus.htm Neo-html Gallican Liturgy used by L'ECOF]