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={{westernrite}}The '''Gallican Rite=''' refers in the first instance to the liturgy of ancient Gaul (France), and in the second to a family of non-Roman [[Western Rite]]s which comprised the majority use of most of Western Europe for the greater part until being mostly displaced by the Roman rite beginning in the eighth century, but modifying the Roman rite in the process.

The Gallican rite is actually a family of rites which comprised the majority use of most of Western European for the greater part of the 1st Millenium. The rite first developed in the early centuries as the Syriac-Greek rites of Jerusalem-Antioch were first translated into Latin in various parts of the Roman West. Various rites within the greater Gallican family claim have claimed various specific lineages: , such as an origin with from the Alexandrine rite of St. [[Apostle Mark|Mark ]] for the Churches of Aquilea and Milan, or origins with from the Ephesine rite of St. [[Apostle John|John the Divine ]] for the Churches of Gaul, Iberia, and Brittania. Many Gallican texts survive, but The little evidence remaining for the survival rite of Ephesus comes from local councils in Asia Minor. There the rite is mostly in its influence upon Byzantine replaced the present Roman and Anglican rites (called Gallo-Roman)Ephesine, as which seems to have simply been a component local use of the Ambrosian rite wider Greco-Syriac "Antiochian" liturgy. The Ephesine theory had its major opponents among the Modernist school of Milanthe early 20th century, [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06357a. The last surviving htm as the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' states], "purethe Ephesine theory has now been given up by all serious liturgiologists." Gallican The development of the rite is such it did not likely originate before the fourth century. However, the origin of the Mozarabic rite remains very much an open question. That it does contain much of Toledo, Spain which Antiochian influence has been limited influenced contemporary liturgical scholars to a few chapels for revisit the past few centuries. The Gallican rites are more extravagant than the Roman, Ephesine claim of the music more melismatic''Cursus Gallorum'', whereby the words richer, more profuse, and dramatic. The surviving earliest Gallican materials also have recognizable concordances with liturgy would simply be the Eastern and Oriental rites in the form liturgy of certain prayers Syria and ceremonialAsia Minor, owing to its shared ancient origin but in the original rites of the Holy LandLatin tongue.

In the early 20th c.Many Gallican texts survive, but the Russian emigre community in Paris included a number survival of clergy who were mindful of evangelization the rite is primarily in the West. Among that number were a pair of brothersToledan rite (also called Mozarabic, Isidorian, Old Spanish or Gothic by some liturgical scholars) , Fathers Eugraph and Eugene Kovalevsky. Based secondarily in its influence upon the "Letters of Saint Germanus" present Roman and various Gallican Missals Anglican rites (Stowecalled Gallo-Roman), Bobbio, Gothic, Mozarab, Autun) and much borrowing from the Byzantine, as a Neo-Gallican rite was constructed for component of the Western Rite activity in France. This Ambrosian rite was something in between an Eastern and Western rite, having similarities in structure and material with bothof Milan. The rite It is still in use with Le Eqlise Catholique Orthodoxe Francaise as well as due to the influence of the Gallican liturgy that the Union Actuelle Orthodoxe Catholique Francaise now in union with Roman [[Mass]] included the Patriarch of Serbia''Gloria. '' The longest surviving Gallican rite was that of Toledo, Spain, which has been used limited to a few [[chapel]]s for the past few centuries. Both the Toledan and Milanese liturgies were modified by communities under the Patriarch of MoscowRoman, accepting the Russian Orthodox Church AbroadRoman [[canon]] at fairly recent times in their development. Following the Second Vatican Council, both the Patriarch of Romania, Toledan Rite and the Patriarch Milanese Rite were altered in a ''Novus Ordo'' style though both have been celebrated in their traditional forms by priests of Serbiathe Western Rite Orthodox.

[http://orthodoxie*Introit*The ''Ajus (agios)'' sung in Greek and Latin.freeFollowing this, three boys sing ''Kyrie Eleison'' three times.fr/history%20an%20liturgicalThis is followed by the ''Benedictus''.htm "Some Notes on *Collect*Old Testament reading*Epistle reading or Life of the Saint of the Day*The ''Benedicite'' and ''Ajus (agios)'' in Latin*Gospel reading*Sermon*Dismissal of catechumens*Intercessions*Great Entrance and the Offertory chant*Kiss of Peace*''Sursum Corda'', Preface, ''Sanctus'', and Post-''Sanctus'' Prayer*Roman (Gregorian) Eucharistic Prayer (not in the History Gallican and Liturgical Practice Spanish liturgies, which had variable elements in the anaphora)*The Fraction (the host is divided into nine pieces, seven of which are then arranged into the Orthodox Church shape of France" by Fr. Francis DeMarais.]a cross)*Our Father*Blessing of the People*Communion of the People*Post-Communion Prayer

[http://orthodoxie.free.fr/sources_du_rite.htm L'ECOF article on ==Outline of the Gallican Liturgy==The following is the origins order of their Neo-the Gallican rite liturgy as it was celebrated in Frenchsixth century Paris, as described in the first letter of St Germanus of Paris, published as ''Expositio antiquae liturgiae gallicanae''. Unlike the Roman and Milanese, the Gallican proper does not have a fixed anaphora, but instead uses variable texts before and after the institution narrative.]

[http*Preparation of the Offerings*Praelegendum (entrance psalm)*Call for silence and greeting*Trisagion (in Greek and Latin)*Kyrie*''Benedictus''*Reading from the Old Testament*Collect after the Old Testament reading*Responsory*Apostole*Canticle from Daniel*Thrice-Holy before the Gospel*Gospel*Sanctus after the Gospel*Homily*Preces*Collect after the Preces*Dismissal of the catechumens*Offertory*Preface to the faithful and collect*Diptychs and collect*Exchange of the Peace and collect*Anaphora:variable Contestatio//orthodoxie.free.fr/liturgie%20occidentale.htm LImmolatio, variable ''Vere Sanctus'', institution narrative, variable ''post mysterium''ECOF article on *Breaking of the Ancient Rite Bread*Lord's Prayer*Episcopal blessing*Communion*''Trecanum'' (post-communion hymn of thanksgiving to the Gauls in French.]Trinity)*Postcommunion collect*Dismissal

==20th century history==In the early 20th century, the Russian emigré community in Paris included a number of [http://www[clergy]] who were mindful of evangelization in the West.odoxAmong that number were a pair of brothers, Evgraph (later Bishop [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Jean-Nectaire of Saint-Denis]]) and Maxime Kovalevsky.net/Liturgy1 The Kovalevskys restored the Gallican liturgy based upon the two letters concerning the liturgy whose authorship is ascribed to St [[Germanus of Paris|Germanus]], a sixth century [[bishop]] of Paris, as well as various Gallican and other non-GallicanRoman missals (Stowe, Bobbio, Gothic, Mozarab, Autun).htm Neo-Gallican The [[Divine Liturgy according to St Germanus of Paris]] is still in use with [[Orthodox Church of France|L'Eglise Orthodoxe de France]] as well as the "Union Actuelle Orthodoxe Catholique Francaise," elements of which joined the [[Church of Serbia|Patriarchate of Serbia]]. The rite has been used by L'ECOFcommunities under the [[Church of Russia]], the [[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad]], the [[Church of Romania]], the [[Church of Serbia]], and the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]].

==Sources==*[http://orthodoxie.free.fr/history%20an%20liturgical.htm "Some Notes on the History and Liturgical Practice of the Orthodox Church of France"], by Fr. Francis DesMarais*[http://orthodoxie.free.fr/sources_du_rite.htm L'ECOF article on the origins of their Gallican rite in French]*[http://orthodoxie.free.fr/liturgie%20occidentale.htm L'ECOF article on the Ancient Rite of the Gauls in French]*[http://web.archive.org/web/20030329153729/members.truepath.com/Ben_Johnson/Germanus.html Gallican Liturgy used by L'ECOF]*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06357a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Gallican Rite]*[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd03456.htm New Catholic Dictionary: Gallican Rite]*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16003c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Aquliean Rite of Gallican family]*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01394a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Ambrosian Rite - Romanized Gallican]*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10611a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Mozarabic Rite - Romanized Gallican]*[http://www.liturgica.com/html/litWLMusDev6.jsp?hostname=null Liturgica.Com "Gallican Chant"]*[http://www.catholictradition.org/mass-h3.htm Catholic Tradition: "A Short History of the Roman Mass"], by Michael Davies

==See also==*[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd03456.htm New Catholic Dictionary: Gallican Rite[Stowe Missal]]

[http[Category://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01394a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Ambrosian Rite - Romanized GallicanLiturgics] [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10611a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Mozarabic Rite - Romanized Gallican] [http://www.liturgica.com/html/litWLMusDev6.jsp?hostname=null Liturgica.Com "Gallican Chant"] [httpCategory://www.catholictradition.org/mass-h3.htm Catholic Tradition: "A Short History of the Roman Mass" by Michael Davies.Western Rite] See also [Stowe Missal]