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Evolution

3,756 bytes added, 12:54, October 12, 2012
Incompatibilist
The development of modern science dates to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, so no [[ecumenical council]] has ever addressed how to integrate it with divine revelation in a coherent and consistent worldview. As a result, there is not a dogmatic treatment examining how to resolve conflicts, whether apparent or real, when scientific findings appear to contradict divine revelation. Many early fathers were happy to use the primitive science of their day to divine purposes, perhaps suggesting to modern Christians a compatibilist resolution to the question. Other fathers, however, clearly see conflicts and contradictions which they resolve in favor of their understanding of Christian revelation.
==Fathers of the Church==
* [[Basil the Great]]. ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf208.viii.i.html Hexæmeron].'' NPNF2-08. Basil: Letters and Select Works .
* [[John Chrysostom]]. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=Er-3JfUKGwoC&dq=9780813209722&source=gbs_navlinks_s Homilies on Genesis 1-17].'' The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation (Patristic series), Vol. 74. Transl. Robert C. Hill. Catholic University of America Press, 1986. 246pp. ISBN 9780813209722
* [[John Chrysostom]]. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=gotzFP73EAIC&dq=9780813210872&source=gbs_navlinks_s Homilies on Genesis 18-45].'' The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation (Patristic series), Vol. 82. Transl. Robert C. Hill. Catholic University of America Press, 1990. 288pp. ISBN 9780813210872
* [[John Chrysostom]]. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=AeK7DblH53AC&dq=9780813214962&source=gbs_navlinks_s Homilies on Genesis 46-67].'' The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation (Patristic series), Vol. 87. Transl. Robert C. Hill. Catholic University of America Press, 1992. 288pp. ISBN 9780813214962
==Books==
* Bouteneff, Peter, ''Beginnings: Ancient Christian Readings of the Biblical Creation Narratives.'' Baker Academic, 2008. Provides Scriptural and patristic background for discussions of the doctrine of creation. Bouteneff is Assistant Professor of Dogmatic Theology at [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary]]. [[Andrew Louth]] writes: "Bouteneff presents a carefully researched and scholarly reading of early Christian readings of the creation account in Genesis. What emerges is a range of interlocking insights into God's creative purpose and the human place in the cosmos. Genesis 1–3 is seen as neither a myth nor an outdated scientific account, but a poem of creation, yielding deeper meanings upon closer ponderings. Bouteneff unveils the often surprising riches of our patristic inheritance witha rare intelligence and passion." ISBN 0801032332* [[Patrick Henry Reardon|Reardon, Archpriest Fr. Patrick Henry]], ''Creation and the Patriarchal Histories: Orthodox Christian Reflections on the Book of Genesis.'' Conciliar Press, 2008. ISBN 9781888212969
:— According to the review by Fr. Hans Jacobse, editor of OrthodoxyToday.org, the author writes that the structures of philosophical materialism (evolutionary theory and its flip-side, scientific creationism), both miss the point; that Genesis reveals that the creation is ''logo-centric'' -- it was created by the Word of God, and it is held together by the Word of God's power. The word of Scripture, then, is primarily a literary text, not history (itself a narrative) or a scientific tract.
*[[Seraphim Rose|Rose, Fr Seraphim]], ''Genesis, Creation, and Early Man'' — Contains a detailed examination of Patristic teaching related to the discussion of evolution and argues along the lines of modern creation science. '''Incompatibilist'''
===Compatibilist===
*Boojamra, Dr. John, [http://www.annunciationakron.org/phyllisonest/pdf/creation.pdf "The Orthodox Idea of Creation"] The Word, June 1999, pp.31-34 An overview of Orthodox cosmology, intended for teachers and youth leaders as a background for discussion of various educational segments related to creation. Concise and useful for a general understanding of Orthodox cosmology.
*Breck, Archpriest John V. [http://www.oca.org/CHRISTreflections/fr.-lifejohn-article.asp?SID=6&ID=148&MONTH=February&YEAR=2008 breck/ex-nihilo-1 "Ex Nihilo"] Life in Christ, February 2008 #1.
*Fritts, Kevin Basil, [http://blog.kevinbasil.com/on-the-dogma-of-creation/ "On the Dogma of Creation"] The author is a contributor to this OrthodoxWiki article.
*Hallam, Fr. Gregory, [http://antiochabouna.blogspot.com/2006/02/orthodoxy-and-creationism.html "Orthodoxy and Creationism"]
*Kalomiros, Dr. Alexandre, [http://www.zephyr.gr/stjohn/sixdawn1.htm "The Six Dawns"]
*Kuraev, Fr. Deacon Andrey, [http://www.hvmla.org/library/evolution.html "Can an Orthodox Become an Evolutionist?"]*Kuraev, Fr. Deacon Andrey, ; [http://www.sullivan-county.com/id4/ort_creation.htm "Orthodoxy and Creationism"]
*Maletis, John P., [http://www.theandros.com/protozoe.html "Let There Be Light: An Orthodox Christian Theory of Human Evolution for the 21st Century"]. <i>Theandros</i> Vol. 5 No. 3.
*McDowell, Maria Gwyn, [http://deiprofundis.org/2010/jun/14/monopoly-darwinisn-open-letter-met-hilarion-alfeyev "The 'Monopoly of Darwinism': An open letter to Metropolitan Hilarion Alfeyev"]*[[George Metallinos|Metallinos]], V. Rev. Prof. Dr. George, [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/patrology/metallinos_faith_and_science.htm "Faith and Science in Orthodox Gnosiology and Methodology"] Very briefly mentions evolution, but overall states the traditional Orthodox position of separation between divine and earthly knowledge.
*Mileant, [[Alexander (Mileant) of Buenos Aires|Bishop Alexander of Buenos Aires]] and South America (ROCOR). ''[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/creation_man_a_mileant_e.htm The Origins of the World and Mankind: An Attempt to Reconcile the Biblical Account with Scientific Discoveries]''. Transl. by Karyn and Michael Grigoriev. Ed. by Natalia Semyanko. Holy Trinity Orthodox Mission, La Canada, California, 2004.
*Nicozisin, Fr. George, [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/dogmatics/nicozisin_creationism.htm "Creationism versus Evolution"]
*Smith, Allyne, [[H. Tristram Engelhardt|H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.]], Edward Hughes, and J. Henry, "Orthodoxy", in ''The History of Science and Religion in the Western Tradition'' (2000): 268-273.
*Theokritoff, George, with Elizabeth Theokritoff, [http://jbburnett.com/resources/theokritoff_rose-svtq.pdf "Genesis and Creation: Towards a debate"] (PDF) &mdash; Review of Seraphim Rose, ''Genesis, Creation and Early Man: The Orthodox Christian Vision'', in ''St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly'', Volume 46, Number 2 (2002). George Theokritoff is a paleontologist and Elizabeth is a theological scholar, author and editor of ''The Cambridge Companion to Orthodox Christian Theology'' (ISBN 0521683388).
*[[Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) of Simferopol and Crimea|Voino-Yasenetsky, St Luke]], [http://www.impantokratoros.gr/8C1597E5.en.aspx "Science and Religion"]*[[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Ware, Metropolitan Kallistos]], [http://wwwvideo.youtubegoogle.com/watchvideoplay?vdocid=H76rL6wN-F 1088949815257678826 "Orthodoxy and Evolution"], video: answer to a question asked in a forum lecture on "Salvation in Christ" at Seattle Pacific University. The question on faith and science and evolutionary theory comes at the end, at the 1:29:30 mark.
===Incompatibilist===
* Dominick, Jesse [http://oldbelieving.wordpress.com/2010/05/10/orthodoxy-and-creationism/ Orthodoxy and Creationism], a compilation of Patristic and modern quotes about evolution and Genesis; [http://oldbelieving.wordpress.com/2009/06/15/36/ Genesis, Creation, and Early Man], George and Elizabeth Theokritoff's review, linked above, with the blogger's critical comments interpolated in bold; [http://oldbelieving.wordpress.com/2010/05/16/the-entire-creation-was-created-incorrupt/ The Entire Creation was Created Incorrupt], a compilation of patristic quotes; [http://oldbelieving.wordpress.com/2010/05/16/adam-and-eve-were-literally-the-first-people-and-were-created-uniquely-from-all-other-creatures-and-subsequent-people/ Adam and Eve were literally the first people and were created uniquely from all other creatures and subsequent people], a compilation of patristic quotes; [http://oldbelieving.wordpress.com/2010/11/19/no-plant-death-before-the-fall/ No Plant Death Before the Fall], a compilation of Patristic quotes about the state of plants in Paradise.
*Bensusan, Ephrem Hugh, [http://razilazenje.blogspot.com/2005/06/orthodox-christianity-and-post.html "Orthodox Christianity and the Post-Christian Intelligentsia: A Response to Archbishop Lazar (Puhalo): Part 1"] Bensusan deals with the Archbishop's acceptance of evolution.
*Bufeev, S. V, [http://www.creatio.orthodoxy.ru/sbornik/sbufeev_whynot_english.html "Why an Orthodox Christian cannot be an evolutionist"]
*Christensen, Fr. Damascene, [http://www.pravoslavie.ru/enarticles/060222155510 "Interview with Fr. Damascene"] Hieromonk Damascene speaks about creation with reference to patristic literature.
*Gascoigne, Fr. Serafim [http://orthodoxnorth.net/evolution_new_fundamentalism_pt_1.htm "Evolution" A New Fundamentalism"] from OrthodoxNorth.net
*Moss, Vladimir [http://www.orthodoxchristianbooks.com/downloads/130_WHAT_IS_MAN.pdf "Twelve Lectures on the Nature of Man"] Chapter 11 of this work, entitled "Created Soul or Evolving Body?" confronts the issue of evolution from a Patristic framework.*Orthodox Way of Life blog [http://orthodoxwayoflife.blogspot.com/2009/11/is-man-responsible-for-condition-of.html Is Man Responsible for the Condition of the Environment?] Although this post does not directly address the question of evolution, it does present a thoroughly literal interpretation of the Genesis creation account.*[[Seraphim Rose|Rose, Fr. Seraphim]], [http://www.creatio.orthodoxy.ru/english/rose_genesis/index.html "Genesis, Creation and Early Man: The Orthodox Christian Vision"] This page presents , several chapters from Fr. Seraphim's book on creation. *[[Seraphim Rose|Rose, Fr. Seraphim]], ; [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/phronema/evolution_frseraphim_kalomiros.aspx "Genesis and Early Man: The Orthodox patristic understanding"], a letter to Dr. Alexandre Kalomiros.* [Old Believing [Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) of Simferopol and Crimea|Voino- Orthodoxy and CreationismYasenetsky, St Luke]] , [http://oldbelievingwww.wordpressimpantokratoros.comgr/2010/05/10/orthodoxy-8C1597E5.en.aspx "Science and-creationism/Religion"] an Orthodox blogger has compiled Patristic quotes pertaining to timelines and chronologies in the Old TestamentIn a fuller version of this work he writes: "Darwinism, which declares that man, as well as the witness by means of modern Orthodox Saints and Holy Elders about evolution and Genesis* [Old Believing -- Genesis, Creationhas developed from the lower species of animals, and Early Man][http://oldbelieving.wordpress.com/2009/06/15/36/] an Orthodox blogger offers is not a critique product of George Theokritoff's review the creative act of Fr. Seraphim Roses's ''Genesisthe Godhead, has turned out to be merely a supposition, Creation and Early Man''a hypothesis, which is linked above, in the compatibilist sectionhas become obsolete even for science.* [Old Believing -- This hypothesis has been acknowledged as contradictory not only to the Entire Creation was Created Incorrupt] [http://oldbelieving.wordpress.com/2010/05/16/Bible, but to nature itself, which jealously strives to preserve the-entire-creation-was-created-incorrupt/] an Orthodox blogger offers a compilation purity of quotes demonstrating that the entire creation was created incorrupteach species, and not only knows of no transition even from a sparrow to a swallow. There are no known facts of a transition of an ape into a man.* [Old Believing -- Adam " "Nakuya i religiya" (Science and Eve were literally the first people and were created uniquely from all other creatures and subsequent people[ [http://oldbelievingReligion), Troitskoye slovo (Trinity Word), 2001, pp.wordpress41-42, as quoted in Fr.com/2010/05/16/adam-Seraphim Rose, "Genesis, Creation, and-eve-were-literally-the-first-people-and-were-created-uniquely-from-all-other-creatures-and-subsequent-people/] an Orthodox blogger offers a compilation of quotes demonstrating that Adam and Eve were literally the first people and that they were created in a manner unique from the rest of creationEarly Man" (2011), p. 809.
==See also==
'''Orthodox'''
* [http://www.creatio.orthodoxy.ru/english.html Creatio]. Shestodnev Orthodox Mission Center in Russia dedicated to defending creationism against evolution by reference to patristic texts.
* REUTERS. ''[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6584JX20100609?feedType=RSS&feedName=lifestyleMolt Russia Church wants end to Darwin school "monopoly"].'' Wed Jun 9, 2010.
* [http://JonathansCorner.com/religion-science/ "Religion and Science" Is Not Just Intelligent Design vs. Evolution] and [http://JonathansCorner.com/creation/ Creation and Holy Orthodoxy: Fundamentalism is Not Enough] by Jonathan Hayward. In both articles, the direction of the argument is neither compatibilist nor incompatibilist, but points in a direction not suggested by a compatibilist-incompatibilist axis.
'''Non-Orthodox'''
* Pontifical Gregorian University. [http://www.evolution-rome2009.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=54&lang=en International Conference on "Biological Evolution: Facts and Theories": A critical appraisal 150 years after "The Origin of Species"]. Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, 3-7 March 2009.
* [http://www.conservapedia.com/Evolution Evolution] at Conservapedia
* [http://www.creationwiki.org/Theory_of_evolution Theory of evolution] at CreationWiki.
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