:Citing* Cites: [[w:Peter Bartrum|P.C. Bartrum]]. ''Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts.'' Cardiff: University of Wales, 1966. p.179.</ref> '''Costentyn''' or '''CostentynConstantine of Govan''' (ca. 520-576 AD) <ref name=SYNAX-MARCH-9>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/2392/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Κωνσταντίνος ὁ Μάρτυρας ὁ τῆς Κορνουάλλης].'' 9 Μαρτίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ. (†576)</ref><ref name=NASH-FORD>David Nash Ford's '''Early British Kingdoms (EBK)'''. ''[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/constsdm.html St. Constantine of Cornwall, King of Dumnonia (c.AD 520-576)].'' Nash Ford Publishing, 2001.</ref> is a 6th century Cornish saint that is identified with a minor British king Constantine. After , who came to repentance at [[w:St Davids|St Davids]] monastery in Wales, after a life of vice, . It is maintained that he came went from Wales to repentance in Wales and Ireland, and from there he went as a missionary to the Picts in Scotland, where he was put to death [[Martyr|martyred]] by pirates. Two places in Cornwall at [[w:Mull of Kintyre|Cantyre]] (Kintyre); however there are named after him.<ref name=LATIN>Latin Saints difficulties with this latter part of the Orthodox Patriarchate his [[hagiography]] involving a conflation of Rome. events with one (or two) other 'Constantines'[http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/stdmar.htm Constantine March 9].''</ref>

The only contemporary information about him comes from His [[Gildasfeast day]], who calls him king of ''Damnonia'' (probably is observed on [[w:Dumnonia|DumnoniaMarch 9]]) and castigates him for his various sins, including the murder of two <ref name="royal youthsSYNAX-MARCH-9" inside a church./><ref groupname="noteNASH-FORD"/><ref name=LATIN>"According to Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome. ''[[whttp:Geoffrey of Monmouth|Geoffrey of Monmouth//www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/stdmar.htm Constantine March 9]], these were, .''</ref> in fact, the treacherous sons tradition of the evil usurperCornwall and Wales, and on [[w:Mordred|MordredMarch 11]], who were killed in Winchester & London<ref name=BUTLER>Rev." (David Nash Ford's '''Early British Kingdoms Alban Butler (EBK1711–73)'''. ''[http://www.earlybritishkingdomsbartleby.com/bios210/3/constsdm114.html March 11 - St. Constantine of Cornwall, King of Dumnonia (c.AD 520-576)Martyr].'' Nash Ford Publishing, 2001The Lives of the Saints. Volume III: March. 1866. (Bartleby.com)</ref> Much later, <ref name=FLEMING>William Canon Fleming (Rector of [[w:Geoffrey of MonmouthSt Mary Moorfields|Geoffrey of MonmouthSt. Mary’s, Moorsfields]] included the figure in his pseudohistorical chronicle , London). ''[[whttp:The //www.archive.org/details/completehistoryo00flemuoft A Complete History of the Kings British Martyrs – From the Roman Occupation to Elizabeth’s Reign].'' Proprietors of the Catholic Repository. Little Britain, London, 1902. (pp. 19,141,145)..<br>:* Cites: [[w:Richard Challoner|Historia Regum BritanniaeChalloner's]]''' ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=JbZWQAAACAAJ&dq=Britannia+Sancta&hl=en&ei=jixlTv3lGKb40gG_gZGECg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA Britannia Sancta]'' ''' (Meighan, adding fictional details to 1745).</ref><ref>Katherine I. Rabenstein. ''[[Gildas|Gildas]http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0311.shtml March 11 - Constantine of Scotland M (AC)].'' account and making Constantine St. Patrick Catholic Church, Washington, D.C. - Saint of the successor to King Arthur as King of BritainDay. Under </ref> in the influence of Geoffrey, derivative figures appeared Scottish and Irish traditions. Two places in a number of later worksCornwall are still named after him today.<ref name="LATIN"/>

His [[feast day]] It is observed on [[March 9]],possible that the British king (†576)<ref name="LATINSYNAX-MARCH-9"/>is not the same person as the Scottish martyr (†576,<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/23923082/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Κωνσταντίνος ὁ Μάρτυρας ὁ τῆς Κορνουάλληςβασιλέας τῶν Σκώτων].'' 9 ΜαρτίουΜαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>or †590<refname="FLEMING"/>David Nash Ford's '''Early British Kingdoms (EBK)'''. ''[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/constsdm.html St. Constantine of Cornwall, King of Dumnonia (c.AD 520-576)].'' Nash Ford Publishing, 2001.</refgroup="note"> in If it is to be argued that the tradition of Cornwall and Wales, and in Scottish martyr Constantine is a separate individual from the Scottish and Irish traditions on [[March 11]].<ref>Rev. Alban Butler (1711–73). ''[http://www.bartleby.com/210/3/114.html March 11 - St. Cornish Saint Constantine, Martyr].'' The Lives of the Saints. Volume III: March. 1866. (Bartleby.com)</ref><ref name=FLEMING>William Canon Fleming (Rector then perhaps he was a King of [[w:St Mary MoorfieldsDamnonii|St. Mary’s, MoorsfieldsDamnonia]], London(Strathclyde). ''[http://www.archive.org/details/completehistoryo00flemuoft A Complete History of the British Martyrs – From the Roman Occupation to Elizabeth’s Reign].'' Proprietors of the Catholic Repository. Little Britain, London, 1902. not Dumnonia (pp. 19,141,145Cornwall); however this is guesswork and there is no way to tell for certain..<br>:* Cites: [[w:Richard Challoner|Challoner's]] ''' ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=JbZWQAAACAAJ&dq=Britannia+Sancta&hl=en&ei=jixlTv3lGKb40gG_gZGECg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA Britannia Sancta]'The ' 'Great Synaxaristes'' (Meighan, 1745in the Greek).</ref><ref>Katherine I. Rabenstein. includes an entry for March 9 for ''[http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0311.shtml March 11 - "St Constantine the Martyr of Scotland M Cornwall"'' (AC†576)]., and another entry for May 9 for a '' "St. Patrick Catholic ChurchConstantine the Martyr, Washington, D.C. - Saint King of the Day.</ref> It is possible that the British king Scots"'' (†576) is not , with the exact same person as the Scottish martyr (†576,<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} death date for both. It also has a third entry for March 11 for ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3082/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Κωνσταντίνος ὁ Μάρτυρας βασιλέας τῶν Σκώτων]."St Constantine the King"'' 9 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣof Strathclyde (†640).</ref> or †590<ref name="FLEMING"/>), while also noting that To add to the ambiguity there is another Scottish saint from a slightly later period, King [[Constantine of Strathclyde]] (†640) , whose feast day is also on [[March 11]]as well, but who is said to have reposed in peace (i.e. is not the martyrmartyred).,<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/2409/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Κωνσταντίνος ὁ βασιλεὺς].'' 11 Μαρτίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref> The and whose life has been inextricably conflated with the Scottish king-martyr. Therefore the traditions of St. Constantine of Cornwall (identified with the Scottish martyr of the same date), and St. Constantine of Strathclyde are therefore, very much confused. Canon [[w:Gilbert Hunter Doble|G.H. Doble]] in his ''Cornish Saints'' says that “the name has given rise altogether to one of the most fearful series of muddles in the whole history of hagiography.”<ref>[http://constantinecornwall.com/the-parish/st-constantine/ Constantine, Cornwall]. (''The Constantine website, serving the community of Constantine in Cornwall'').</ref><ref group="note">In ''"The De Excidio of Gildas: Its Authenticity and Date"'' by Thomas O’Sullivan, it has been suggested that "probably two or three Constantines have been confused", and quotes the judgment of Canon [[w:Gilbert Hunter Doble|G. H. Doble]] that::“…there is not the smallest evidence that Constantine of Gildas is the St. Constantine whom we find honoured in the five parishes of Devon and Cornwall, as some persons, forgetful of the fact that Constantine was a very common name at the time, have rashly assumed.”<br>:* (Thomas D. O'Sullivan. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=q2U3i1X8B50C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false The De Excidio of Gildas: Its Authenticity and Date].'' BRILL, 1978. p.95.)</ref>

==Gildas' AccountLife==Constantine of Cornwall probably succeeded his father, [[Gildasw:Cador|Cador]] mentions Constantine , as King of Dumnonia in chapters 28 and 29 of his the early 6th-century work ''. Literary tradition indicates AD 537, after the [[w:De Excidio et Conquestu BritanniaeBattle of Camlann|De Excidio et Conquestu BritanniaeBattle of Camlann]].''<ref name=EXCIDIO>''[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ruin_of_Britain#28 De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniaefrom which, some sources say, ch. 28–29]"Sir Constantine" was the only survivor.''</ref><ref name=GILES>Giles, John Allen, ed. (1841). ''[http:/"NASH-FORD"/books.google.com/books?id=3R1mCE7p44MC&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q&f=false The Works of Gildas and Nennius].'' London: James Bohn — English translation.</ref> He is one of five [[w:Britons (historical)|Brythonic]] kings whom the author rebukes and compares reputed to have been married to Biblical beasts. Constantine is called the "tyrannical whelp daughter of the unclean lioness King of Damnonia", a reference Brittany and to books of [[Prophet Daniel|Daniel]] and the [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]], and apparently also have led a slur directed at his mother. This Damnonia is generally associated with the kingdom life full of [[w:Dumnonia|Dumnonia]], a Brythonic kingdom in [[w:South West England|Southwestern Britain]].<ref>[[w:John Edward Lloyd|Lloyd, John Edward]]. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NYwNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Lloyd+history+of+Wales#v=onepage&q=&f=false A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest].'' Longmans, Green, vice and Co., 1912.</ref> However, it is possible that Gildas greed until he was instead referring led to the territory of the conversion by [[w:DamnoniiSaint Petroc|DamnoniiSaint Petroc]] in what was later known as the [[w:Hen Ogledd|Hen Ogledd]] or "Old North".

Gildas says that despite swearing an oath against deceit and tyranny<blockquote>One day, while out hunting a deer, Constantine disguised himself his prey took shelter in an [[abbot]]St. Petroc's robes and attacked two "royal youths" praying before a church altar, killing them and their companionscell. Gildas is clear that ConstantineSo impressed was the King by the saint's sins were manifold even before this, as power that he had committed "many adulteries" after casting off and his lawfully wedded wifebody guard immediately converted to Christianity. Gildas encourages Constantine, whom he knows to still be alive gave Petroc an ivory hunting horn in commemoration of the event and this was long revered along with the Saint's other relics at the time, to repent his sins lest he be damned[[w:Bodmin Parish Church|Bodmin]]. The King became co-founder of this famous Cornish monastery.<ref name="EXCIDIONASH-FORD"/><ref name="GILES"/blockquote>

==Identification==The historical Constantine After the death of Dumnonia may have influenced later traditions, known in Southwestern Britain as well as in Wales, Ireland, and Scotland, about a Saint Constantine who is usually said to have been a king who gave up his queen he resigned the crown to become a monk. In the book, ''"The De Excidio of Gildas: Its Authenticity and Date"'' by Thomas O’Sullivanhis son, it has been suggested that ''' ''"probably two or three Constantines have been confused",'' ''' and quotes the judgment of Canon [[w:Gilbert Hunter Doble|G. H. Doble]] that::“…there is not the smallest evidence that Constantine of Gildas is the St. Constantine whom we find honoured in order to take up the five parishes of Devon and Cornwall, as some persons, forgetful of the fact that Constantine was a very common name at the time, have rashly assumed.”<ref>Thomas D. O'Sullivan. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=q2U3i1X8B50C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false The De Excidio of Gildas: Its Authenticity and Date].'' BRILL, 1978. p.95religious life himself. ISBN 9789004057937</ref>

'''South-west Britain'''<brblockquote>A Saint Constantine is revered He moved amongst his people, founding churches at the two Constantines, near Padstow and Falmouth, and at Illogan; also at Milton Abbot and Dunsford in Devon and Cornwall. Later, he travelled across the Bristol Channel to join St. Dewi (David) at Mynyw ([[w:St Davids|St. Davids]]), where he resided as a monk for many years. He founded the church at Cosheston, near Pembroke, but eventually settled as a hermit in Costyneston (Cosmeston) near Cardiff. He may have died there, though there are persistent stories that he travelled still further north and has become identified with preached to the monarch Constantine people of Dumnonia (Constantine III of Britain)Galloway before being martyred in Kintyre on 9th March AD 576.<ref name="NASH-FORD"/></blockquote>

His name is given However according to the parish church of Milton Abbot in Devon, and the villages of Bishop [[w:Constantine, CornwallRichard Challoner|Richard Challoner]]'s hagiography of ''"Saint Constantine, Cornwall]] Prince and Priest",'' in ''' ''[[whttp:Constantine Bay|Constantine Bay]//books.google.ca/books?id=JbZWQAAACAAJ&dq=Britannia+Sancta&hl=en&ei=jixlTv3lGKb40gG_gZGECg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA Britannia Sancta]'' ''' (1745), as well as to extinct chapels listed in [[wWilliam Canon Fleming's ''A Complete History of the British Martyrs'' (1902):Illogan|Illogan]] and Dunterton.

<blockquote>Martyred at [[w:Mull of Kintyre|Cantyre]], in Scotland, on March 11th, 590.<br>"The saint Scottish Breviaries commemorate on March 11th the Feast of Saint Constantine, Martyr. He is said to have been a prince who, after the death of his princess, retired from the world, and, having resigned his kingdom to his son, became a monk in the Monastery of [[w:St Davids|Saint David's]]. Going afterwards to Ireland, he entered a religious house at St. Carthag at [[w:Rahan, County Offaly|Rathene]], where, unknown to any, he served for four years at a mill, until his name was discovered. He was then fully instructed, ordained priest, and sent as a missionary to the Picts in Scotland. Having for many years laboured with Saint [[Columba of Iona|Columba]] for their conversion, he established a religious community of men at Constantine Bay [[w:Govan|Govan]], and converted the inhabitants of [[w:Mull of Kintyre|Cantyre]] to Christianity. At length the happiness he so long desired came to him in his advanced age; he was almost certainly [[Martyr|slain]] by infidels actuated by hatred of the Christian religion."<ref name="FLEMING"/></blockquote> ==Sources=='wealthy man' 'Gildas'''<br>The only contemporary information about him comes from [[Gildas]], writing in 547 AD, who mentions Constantine in chapters 28 and 29 of this his work ''[[w:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae|De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae]].''<ref name=EXCIDIO>''[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ruin_of_Britain#28 De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, ch. 28–29].''</ref><ref name mentioned in the =GILES>Giles, John Allen, ed. (1841). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3R1mCE7p44MC&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q&f=false The Works of Gildas and Nennius].''Life London: James Bohn — English translation.</ref> He is one of five [[w:Britons (historical)|Brythonic]] kings whom the author rebukes and compares to Biblical beasts. Constantine is called the "tyrannical whelp of the unclean lioness of Damnonia". This Damnonia is generally associated with the kingdom of Saint [[w:Saint PetrocDumnonia|Dumnonia]], a Brythonic kingdom in [[w:South West England|Southwestern Britain]].<ref>[[w:John Edward Lloyd|PetrocLloyd, John Edward]].'' He [http://books.google.com/books?id=NYwNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Lloyd+history+of+Wales#v=onepage&q=&f=false A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest].'' Longmans, Green, and Co., 1912.</ref> However, it is possible that Gildas was converted instead referring to Christianity by the territory of the [[w:Damnonii|Damnonii]] in what was later known as the [[w:Hen Ogledd|Hen Ogledd]] or "Old North". Gildas says that holy man at nearby despite swearing an oath against deceit and tyranny, Constantine disguised himself in an [[abbot]]'s robes and attacked two "royal youths" praying before a church altar, killing them and their companions.<ref group="note">"According to [[w:Geoffrey of Monmouth|Geoffrey of Monmouth]], these were, in fact, the treacherous sons of the evil usurper, [[w:Little PetherickMordred|Little PetherickMordred]] , who were killed in Winchester & London."<br>:* (David Nash Ford's '''Early British Kingdoms (EBK)'''. ''[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/constsdm.html St. Constantine of Cornwall, King of Dumnonia (c.AD 520-576)].'' Nash Ford Publishing, 2001.)</ref> Gildas is clear that Constantine's sins were manifold even before this, as he had committed "many adulteries" after casting off his lawfully wedded wife. Gildas encourages Constantine, whom he knows to still be alive at the deer Constantine was hunting took shelter with himtime, to repent his sins lest he be damned. <ref name="EXCIDIO"/><ref name="GILES"/>

A Constantine "King '''Life of the Cornishmen" also appears in the Saint Petroc'''<br>The ''Life of Saint [[David of Walesw:Saint Petroc|Saint DavidPetroc]]'' as having given up his crown in order mentions a Constantine who was converted to enter this saint's monastery Christianity by that holy man at nearby [[w:St DavidsLittle Petherick|St David'sLittle Petherick]]after the deer Constantine was hunting took shelter with him.

'''Scotland and IrelandLife of Saint David'''<br>The conversion of a A Constantine<ref group="note">"Conversion," be it noted is a term which may apply either to the acceptance King of the Christian faith or to the adoption of monastic life.</ref> is recorded Cornishmen" also appears in the ''Life of [[w:Annals David of UlsterWales|Annals of UlsterSaint David]]'' as having given up his crown in 588 and a Constantine appears in the ''Breviary of Aberdeenorder to enter this saint'' as entering a s monastery in Ireland incognito before joining [[Kentigern of Glasgow|Saint Mungo]] (alias Kentigern) and becoming a missionary to the Picts. He was martyred in Scotland about 576, and [[w:John of Fordun|John of Fordun]] tells how he was buried at [[w:Govan Old Parish ChurchSt Davids|GovanSt David's]] (where his shrine can still be seen today). Although revered on the same day as the Cornishman, the date has probably been transferred from one to the otherin Wales.

According to Bishop '''Geoffrey of Monmouth'''<br>Much later, [[w:Richard ChallonerGeoffrey of Monmouth|Richard ChallonerGeoffrey of Monmouth]]'s life of ''"Saint Constantine, Prince and Priest",'' included the figure in his pseudohistorical chronicle ''' ''[http[w://books.google.ca/books?id=JbZWQAAACAAJ&dq=Britannia+Sancta&hl=en&ei=jixlTv3lGKb40gG_gZGECg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA Britannia SanctaThe History of the Kings of Britain|Historia Regum Britanniae]]'' , adding fictional details to [[Gildas|Gildas]]''' (1745):account and making Constantine the successor to King Arthur as King of Britain. Under the influence of Geoffrey, derivative figures appeared in a number of later works.

<blockquote>Martyred at [[w:Mull '''Annals of Kintyre|Cantyre]], in Scotland, on March 11th, 590.Ulster'''<br>"The Scottish Breviaries commemorate on March 11th the Feast conversion of Saint a Constantine<ref group="note">"Conversion, Martyr. He " be it noted is said a term which may apply either to have been a prince who, after the death acceptance of his princess, retired from the world, and, having resigned his kingdom Christian faith or to his son, became a monk in the Monastery adoption of [[w:St Davids|Saint David's]]monastic life. Going afterwards to Ireland, he entered a religious house at St. Carthag at [[w:Rahan, County Offaly|Rathene]], where, unknown to any, he served for four years at a mill, until his name was discovered. He was then fully instructed, ordained priest, and sent as a missionary to the Picts </ref> in 588 AD is also recorded in Scotland. Having for many years laboured with Saint [[Columba of Iona|Columba]] for their conversion, he established a religious community of men at [[w:Govan|Govan]], and converted the inhabitants of ''[[w:Mull Annals of KintyreUlster|CantyreAnnals of Ulster]] to Christianity. At length the happiness he so long desired came to him in his advanced age; he was [[Martyr|slain]] by infidels actuated by hatred of the Christian religion''."<ref name="FLEMING"/></blockquote>

In addition, the ''Life 'Breviary of Saint KentigernAberdeen''' names another [[Constantine of Strathclyde|<br>A Constantine]] ([[March 11]], †ca.640) as also appears in the son and successor [[w:Riderch I ''Breviary of Alt Clut|Riderch Hael]], king of Alt Clut, later known Aberdeen'' as entering a monastery in Ireland incognito before joining [[w:Kingdom Kentigern of StrathclydeGlasgow|StrathclydeSaint Mungo]].<ref>Clarkson, Tim (Winter 1999alias Kentigern)and becoming a missionary to the Picts. "[http://www.mun.ca/mst/heroicage/issues/2/ha2rh.htm Rhydderch Hael]". ''The Heroic Age'' '''1''' (2). Retrieved August 12, 2009.</ref>

'''===South-west Britain'''<br>===[[Image:Constantine Church and Yard.jpg|right|thumb|[[w:Constantine, Cornwall|Constantine, in Kerrier]]: The 15th century Church, dedicated to Saint Constantine.]]The two major centers for the cult of Saint Constantine (of Dumnonia) were the church in [[w:Constantine, Cornwall|Constantine Parish]] , and the Chapel of Saint Constantine in [[w:St Merryn|St Merryn]] Parish (now [[w:Constantine Bay|Constantine Bay]]), both in Cornwall,.<ref>Orme, Nicholas. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=JxIjiMStTKIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q&f=false The Saints of Cornwall].'' Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0198207654</ref> and both Both of which these may have originally supported monastic establishments, although this has been challenged.<ref group="note">However, Dr. Lynette Olson (1989) has challenged Charles Henderson's assertion (Henderson 1937) that there was a monastic establishment at [[w:Constantine, Cornwall|Constantine, Kerrier]], Cornwall.</ref>  The saint at [[w:Constantine Bay|Constantine Bay]] was almost certainly the 'wealthy man' of this name mentioned in the ''Life of Saint [[w:Saint Petroc|Petroc]].'' The ruined chapel at Constantine Bay also has a nearby holy well, uncovered in 1911. Taking the waters there was said to bring rain during dry weather. The chapel's splendid font is now in the parish church at [[w:St Merryn|St Merryn]].

The ruined chapel at In addition, Constantine Bay also has a nearby holy well (uncovered in 1911). Taking the waters there was said to bring rain during dry weather. The chapel's splendid font name is now in given to the parish church at of Milton Abbot in Devon, as well as to extinct chapels in [[w:St MerrynIllogan|St MerrynIllogan]]and Dunterton.

<small><references group="note" /></small>

<small><div><references/></div></small>

'''OtherMonographs'''* [[w:Charles Henderson (historian)|Henderson, Charles]] (d. 1933), and [[w:Gilbert Hunter Doble|G. H. Doble]] (editor) (1937Ed.). ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=rhfyMAAACAAJ&dq=A+history+of+the+parish+of+Constantine+in+Cornwall&hl=en&ei=ASFoTtvBKsPi0QH1r9DKCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA A history of the parish of Constantine in Cornwall].'' Truro: Royal Institution of Cornwall. (pp.42–43 + footnote), 1937.

* [[w:Anthony Birley|Anthony Richard Birley]]. ''[http://bookseverything.googleexplained.caat/books?id=JzEp5Di15o8C&dq=inauthor:%22Anthony+Richard+Birley%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s The People Constantine_III_of_Britain/ Constantine III of Roman Britainexplained].'' University of California Press, 1980Everything.Explained.At.