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Church of Antioch (Syriac)

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The '''Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch''' or '''Patriarchate of Antioch''' is one of the [[Oriental Orthodox]] churches. Prior to the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council|Council of Chalcedon]] in 451 the Church of Antioch was united, but after the Council two lines of patriarchs arose, one supported by the East Roman Empire that favored Chalcedon and another persecuted by the East Romans that rejected Chalcedon. The Church is also known as the ''Jacobite'' Church after one of the more prominent leaders of the movement against Chalcedon, St. [[Jacob BaradeusBaradaeus]], and follows the [[West Syrian Rite]].
==History==
The Church of Antioch played a central role in the first three ecumenical councils that shaped the doctrine and structure of the Orthodox Church. After the split over Chalcedon a struggle developed within the Church for the control of the patriarchate, with the Roman emperors generally favoring those in favor of Chalcedon, but occasionally also supporting those who opposed it. In 518 the anti-Chalcedon patriarch, St. [[Severus of Antioch]], was exiled from the city and never returned. Since then the patriarchs of the Syriac Orthodox Church have changed the seat of their patriarchate several times. Aleppo, Malatya, Diyarbakir, Mardin, and Homs all served as seats of the Patriarchs of Antioch, who only moved to Damascus in 1959.
Despite its glorious past the Syriac Orthodox Church is today a small remnant of what it once was due to the persecution of the East Romans in the 500s and 600s that was followed by the arrival of Islam, the atrocities of the Crusaders in the 1000s and 1100s, the depredations of the Mongols, and the genocides conducted under the Ottoman Turks and Kurds in the late 1800s and early 1900s in the heartlands of the Church in upper Mesopotamia (known as the Sayfo or Sword). Despite all of this the Church has continued to produce great scholars, theologians, and saints through the centuries, among them Sts. [[Jacob of Edessa ]] and [[Gregory of Ebroyo ]] ('Bar Hebraeus').
==Church Worldwide Today==
The Syriac Orthodox Church today is headquartered at Bab Touma in Damascus, Syria. Excluding the patriarchal Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church in India the Syriac Orthodox Church is divided into 27 archdioceses and patriarchal vicariates scattered across the globe. The current primate of the Church is Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I (Iwas) of Antioch and All the East.
== Church of Antioch in India ==The Orthodox Church in India is in a difficult stage due to conflict between the ''Patriarch of Antioch'' and the ''Catholicos of East''. As both of them were not ready for a compromise, there arose many civil disputes.
At present, there are 3 * [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Communities in India.They are:Church|Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church]]
* [[The Malankara Syriac Orthodox Syrian Church]]recognizes the Patriarch of Antioch as its head in both a spiritual and an administrative sense, although the Patriarchate recognizes it as autonomous under its primate, the Catholicos of the East, who is also recognized as second in rank within the Church of Antioch and is responsible for enthroning the Patriarch of Antioch.
This Church recognises Patriarch of Antioch only as the highest ranking Spiritual Leader. The legally ==Structure (by Malankara Association as per the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of Outside India) elected Catholicos of East is its Supreme and administrative Head.  * [[Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church]] This Church recognises Patriarch of Antioch as its Supreme Head. The regional head of this Church is a titular Cathilicos ordained by the Patriarch. * [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]] This church is the result of a split in 1772 AD. This church have the same tradition and christonology of the other two Orthodox sets. The head of this church is an Independent Archbishop. ==Structure==
*Archdiocese of Aleppo (Syria)
*Archdiocese of Baghdad and Basra (Iraq)
*Archdiocese of Jazirah and the Euphrates (Syria)
*Archdiocese of Mosul (Iraq)
*Archdiocese of Mount Abdin (Turkey)
*Archdiocese of Mount Lebanon (Lebanon)
*Archdiocese of Scandinavia
*Archdiocese of Tur Abdin (Turkey)
*Patriarchal Vicariate of Adiyaman (Turkey)
*Patriarchal Vicariate of Argentina
*Patriarchal Vicariate of Constantinople (Turkey)
*Patriarchal Vicariate of Damascus (Syria)
*Patriarchal Vicariate of the Eastern United States
*Patriarchal Vicariate of Great Britain
*Patriarchal Vicariate of Jerusalem and the Holy Land (Israel, Jordan, and Palestine)
== External Links ==
*[http://www.syrian-orthodox.com/news.php Patriarchate of Antioch] (Official Website)
*[http://newwww.alepposuryoyeMalankaraSyriacVoice.com/ Archdiocese of Aleppo] (Official Website)*[http://www.MalankaraSyriacVoice.com/ News Site Of Syriac Orthodox Church In India] (Official Website)
*[http://zunoro.com/ Archdiocese of Homs and Hama] (Official Website)
*[http://www.syriacorthodox-mlb.com/ Archdiocese of Mount Lebanon] (Official Website)
*[http://www.syrianorthodoxchurch.com/ Patriarchal Vicariate of Canada] (Official Website)
*[http://www.reyono.net/default.aspx?s=14 Patriarchal Vicariate of Constantinople] (Official Website)
*[http://syrianorthodoxchurch.org/ Patriarchal Vicariate of the Eastern United States] (Official Website)
*[http://www.soc-wus.org/ Patriarchal Vicariate of the Western United States] (Official Website)
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