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'''Catholicos''' (plural ''Catholicoi'') is a title used by the ruling [[bishop|bishops]] or [[primate|primates]] of a number of Christian several churches in the middle eastMiddle East. Except for With the ruling bishop exception of the [[Church of Georgia|Georgian Orthodox Church]], most none of these churches separated themselves from accept the Orthodox Church as result of Christology promulgated by the various Christological disputes during the first millennium [[Fourth Ecumenical Council|Council of Christ’s ChurchChalcedon]].

The word Catholicos itself comes from the Greek καθολικός (Katholikosplural καθολικοί), pl. καθολικοί, meaning: 'concerning the whole, ' 'universal ,' or 'general. ' The title seems to have originated among the churches on the eastern edge of the Roman Empire and within the Persian Sassanian Empire around the third and fourth centuries. The [[Church of Antioch|Patriarch of Anitoch]] presided had jurisdiction over much of this arearegion. By the end of the fifth century almost all the local bishops used the title ''catholicos''. Thus, the word ''catholicos'' at the time was not synonymous with ''[[patriarch]]''.

During the Christological disputes, many of the Catholicates catholicates in the middle east came to reject the position of the Orthodox as expressed by the decisions Middle East rejected certain of the later [[Ecumenical Councils]], joining principally . The Catholicate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon of the [[NestorianismAssyrian Church of the East|NestorianChurch of the East]] or , nominally subject to Antioch, accepted the first two ecumenical councils, but rejected the [[MonophysitismThird Ecumenical Council|MonophysiticCouncil of Ephesus]] . The Catholicates of the [[heresyChurch of Armenia|heresiesArmenian Orthodox Church]]. Only and the [[Church of GeorgiaArran|Arranian Orthodox Church]] remained Orthodox accepted Ephesus and retains use were initially ambivalent about Chalcedon, but eventually rejected its Christology as being too influenced by [[Nestorianism]]. Following the schism of the Church of Catholicos the East after the Council of Ephesus the catholicate died out in the ruling hierarch’s title: His Holiness and BeatitudeChurch of Antioch, Catholicos-Patriarch only to be revived later by the [[Church of all GeorgiaAntioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]], first in its original seat in Mesopotamia and later in southern India.

*[[Bishop]]*[[Patriarch]]*[[Primate]]*[[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]]*[[|Syriac Orthodox Church of India]]*[[Church of Armenia|Armenian Orthodox Church]]

*[[Catholicosate of Cilicia|Armenian Orthodox Church of Cilicia]]*[[Church of India|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]*[[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church|Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church]]