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== Where [[Image:Byzantine_Notation.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Slavic Macedonian Chant in Byzantine Notation<br>19th century, composer Kalistrat Zografski]]'''Byzantine notation''' is a [[Wikipedia:Neumatic|neumatic]] system of musical notation traditionally used for rendering [[Byzantine Music used? ==chant]] into written form. It is also called '''Chrysanthean notation''', named for [[Chrysanthos of Madytos]], one of its inventors.

Generally, Byzantine notation is used in churches near == History ==Chrysanthos of Madytos (or by people who are from churches nearca. 1770-1846) Constantinople, generally [[Gregory Protopsaltes the Byzantios|Gregory the Greek Orthodox Protopsaltes]], and [[Chourmouzios the Archivist]] (called the Arabic Orthodox'''Three Teachers''') were responsible for a much-needed reform of the notation of Greek ecclesiastical music. The Serbian Orthodox use Essentially, this work consisted of a slightly different system simplification of music; the Russian Orthodox use what is essentially Western notation [[Byzantine]] musical symbols which, by the early 19th century, had become so complex and musictechnical that only highly skilled chanters were able to interpret them correctly. AlsoDespite its numerous shortcomings the work of the three reformers is a landmark in the history of Greek Church music, since it is worth mentioning that some Easternintroduced the system of neo-Rite Catholics use Byzantine notationmusic upon which are based the present-day chants of the Greek Orthodox Church.

== What Where is Byzantine Notation - a comparison notation used? ==Generally, Byzantine notation is used in churches whose musical tradition is [[Byzantine chant]], those near (or by people who are from churches near) [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]], generally the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox]], the [[Church of Constantinople]], the [[Church of Alexandria]], the [[Church of Antioch|Antiochian Orthodox]], and the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. The [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox]] use a slightly different system of music; the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] use what is essentially Western notation and music. In recent times, several churches in America have also begun using Byzantine notation now that such music is available in English online from [[St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery (Florence, Arizona)]] and [[St. Gregory Palamas Monastery (Hayesville, Ohio)]]. Also, it is worth mentioning that some [[Uniates|Eastern Rite Catholics]] use Byzantine notation.

== Compared with Western notation ==Byzantine notation is very different to from Western notation in most ways. A The following comparison will be done for the benefit of most readers (who, it is assumed, do not know Byzantine notation, but are familiar assumes familiarity with Western notation).

Western notation is based on a staff, where the pitch is determined from where by the location of the note is on with regard to the staff (, regardless of the previous note). Byzantine notation, on the other hand, is relational; the note is dependant dependent on the previous note and the symbol itself, which specifies how far the note is interval from the previousnote.

One near-similarity is the scale. In Western music, ''Do'' (the start of the western scale) corresponds to the Byzantine note ''Ni'', which is a note below the start of the Byzantine scale.

Byzantine music has eight tones(or ''modes''), sometimes associated with which aims to evoke certain emotions particular "moods" (for example, tone 5 though the notion that the music is designed to be a victorious, almost arrogant, tone; while tone 6 is designed emotional would certainly be distasteful to be a mournful tonethe [[saint]]s who developed it). Also, much of Byzantine chanting can be done without use of written music, due to the use of original melodies (gk: Greek, αυτόμελον)and improvisation. While there are tens of thousands of hymns in Byzantine music, they are all based on less than two hundred original melodies. == See also ==*[[Byzantine Chant]] ==External links=====Study===*[http://stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Links.htm Up-to-date List of Byzantine Music Links]*[http://geocities.com/takistan/psalmodia.zip Reading Psalmodia] An introduction to Modern Byantine Musical notation*[http://users.forthnet.gr/ath/frc/ Psaltic Notes]*[http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Intro.htm A Comparison of Byzantine and Western Music]*[http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Formula.html 10,000 Formulae of Byzantine Music] in all 8 modes. ===Creation===*[http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/ByzMusicFonts.html Byzantine Music Notation] from [[St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery (Florence, Arizona)|St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery]] ===Use===*[http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Index.html The Divine Music Project] from [[St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery (Florence, Arizona)]] with more than 6,000 pages of Byzantine music in English and Greek.*[http://chant.theologian.org/index_pdf.html Byzantine Chant Sheet Music Files]*[http://sgpm.goarch.org/ematins/main.htm eMatins] from [[St. Gregory Palamas Monastery (Hayesville, Ohio)|St. Gregory Palamas Monastery]] [[Category:Arts]][[Category:Church Music]]