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The '''Baptism-Chrismation''' service is an act of reception of an infant or non-Christian into full membership of the [[Orthodox Church]]. The term ''chrismation'' is used because of the ''[[chrism]]'' (perfumed holy oil, usually containing [[myrrh]] (μύρον), and [[consecration|consecrated]] by a [[bishop]]) with which the recipient of the sacrament is [[Anointing|anointed]], while the [[priest]] speaks the words sealing the initiate with the Gifts of the Holy Spirit of the [[Holy Spirit]].

In the [[Orthodox Church]], this sacramental rite is performed by a [[presbyter]] (priest), and is usually conferred immediately after [[baptism]]; therefore, it is usually received by infants. After receiving this sacrament, the recipient is eligible to receive the [[Eucharist]]. In addition, Chrismation may be used to admit those converts who have already been baptized according to a [[Trinitarian formula]]. In the Eastern tradition, chrismation shows the unity of the church through the bishop in the continuation of the Apostolic faith, because the chrism used is presented to the priest by the bishop and (together with the [[antimension]]) is the symbol of the priest's permission from the bishop to perform the sacraments. Although priests in the Orthodox churches are universally granted this faculty, it is thus still considered ultimately proper to the bishop and associated with his Apostolic office specifically, and not merely the priestly. Furthermore, because some of last year's chrism is mixed with the next year's, there is a tradition that the chrism is believed to contain a remnant of, or at least a connection to, the same chrism which was [[consecrated]] by the [[Apostles]] in the first century, and thus is a symbol of [[Apostolic succession]].