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Between November 1920 and February 1921, Metropolitan Anthony was in [[Constantinople]]. At first he decided that the Temporary Authority should be abolished and pastoral care for displaced Russians handed over to other Local Churches. However, after learning of the decision of General Wrangel that he wanted to retain his army for further battle with the Bolsheviks, Metropolitan Anthony decided to keep the Church organization abroad. The Temporary Authority met on November 19, 1920 aboard the ship "Great Prince Alexader Mikhailovich", presided by Metropolitan Anthony. He and Bishop [[Bemjamin (Fedchenko)]] were appointed to examine the canonicity of the organization. On December 2, 1920, they received permission from Metropolitan Dorotheos of Prussa, [[Locum Tenens]] of the Ecumenical Patriarchate to establish "for the purpose of the service of the population ... and to oversee the ecclesiastic life of Russian colonies in Orthodox countries a temporary committee (epitropia) under the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarchate"; the committee was called the Temporary Higher Church Administration Abroad (THCAA). In February 1921, at the invitation of Patriarch Dimitry of Serbia, the THCAA relocated to Serbia, where, on August 31, 1921, the Council of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church decided to take the organization under its protection as an independent jurisdiction for displaced Russians.
With the agreement of Patriarch Dimitry, the "General assembly of representatives of the Russian Church abroad" took place between November 21 and December 2, 1921, in Sremsky Karlovtsi, Serbia. It was later renamed to the [[First All-Diaspora Council]] and was presided by Metropolitan Anthony. The Council established the "Supreme Ecclesiastic Administration abroad" (SEAA), composed of a patriarchal [[Locum Tenens]], a Synod of Bishops, and a Church council. The Council decided to appoint Metropolitan Anthony as the [[Locum Tenens]], but he declined to accept the position without permission from Moscow and instead called himself the President of the SEAA. However, an Ukase of Patriarch St. [[Tikhon of Moscow]], dated May 5, 1922, abolished the SEAA and declared the political decisions of the Karlovtsy Council as not reflecting the postion of the Russian Church. Meeting in Sremsky Karlovtsy on September 2, 1922, the Council of Bishops agreed to abolish the SEAA, but in its place formed the Temporary Holy Synod of Bishops of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] with Metropolitan Anthony as its head by virtue of seniority. The Synod exercised direct authority over Russian parishes in the Balkans, the Middle East, and the Far East. In North America, however, a conflict erupted with those who did not recognize the authority of the Synod, lead by Metropolitan [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]]; this group formed the American Metropolia, the predecessor to the [[OCA]]. Likewise, in Western Europe, Metropolitan [[Eulogius (Georgievsky)]] also did not recognize anything more than "a moral authority" of the Synod. Metropolitan Eulogius later broke off and joined the Ecumenical Patriarchate forming the [[Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe]], known colloquialy as the Rue Daru.
In 1925, at the invitation of Randel Davidson, Archbishop of Caterburry, Metropolitan Anthony participated in festivities in London marking the 1600-th anniversary of the [[First Ecumenical Council]]. And in October of 1925, at the invitation of Romanian hierarchs, he participated in the enthronement of Patriarch [[Miron (Cristea) of Romania]].
