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{{cleanup|Needs clear opening statement'''Ambrosii of Belo-Krinitsa''', focus on subjectalso '''Ambrosios (Pappa-Georgopoli)''', encyclopedic styleMetropolitan of Belaya Krinitsa, etcwas the first [[Metropolitan]] of the [[schism]]atic group from the [[Church of Russia]] called the [[Old Believers]] (''Starovery'' in Russian) or Old Ritualists (''Staroobrjadtsy'' in Russian) or, as they are also called, the Ancient Orthodox (''Drevlepravoslavnye'' in Russian). Consecrated a [[bishop]] under the [[Church of Constantinople]], he joined the Old Ritualists in 1846 as the movement's first hierarch that became known as the [[Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy]].}}

=='''Saint Ambrosii of Belaya Krinitsa'''Life=='''Ambrosii''' or '''Amvrosii''' (Russian) was the first [[Old Believers|Old Believers']] [[Metropolitan]] of the Ancient Orthodox Church. He Andreas Popovic was born in 1791 in Maistrain Croatia of Greek origin, at that time part of the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman Empire as Andreas Popovic]]. He In 1811, he married and shortly after was of Greek origin[[ordination|ordained]] a [[priest]] by Metropolitan Matthew. In 1814, Father Andreas lost his wife, who had given him a son, whom they had named George, after his grandfather. He became After having entered a [[bishopmonasticism|monastic]] in 1835life with the name Ambrosii, Fr. He converted to the Old Believers Ambrosii was elected, in 18461817, thus establishing a full Church Hierarchy [[Igumen]] of the Monastery of the Old Believers[[Holy Trinity]] on the island of Halki. This hierarchy became known as the In 1835, he was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Sarajevo in Bosnia by [[Belokrinitskaya HierarchyPatriarch]]Gregory VI, assisted by four other bishops. He died remained in 1863. his position for five years before being removed by the Ottoman authorities

===Introduction===The At that time, two Russian [[Old Believersmonk]] (''Starovery'' in Russian) or s Pavel and Alimpii from a group of Old Ritualists (''Staroobrjadtsy'' Believers in Russian) or, as they are also called, Ancient Orthodox (''Drevlepravoslavnye'' the area of Bukovina in Russian)area of Dobruja, are those Christians who remained faithful north at the Danube delta were looking for a bishop willing to join the ancient ritesOld Believers. Through Osip Semenovich Goncharov, dogmas and ecclesiastical structures Ataman of Russian Orthodoxy as it the Nekrasov Cossacks, contact was before established between Bp. Ambrosii and the reforms in the seventeenth century introduced by Patriarch Nikon of Moscowtwo Russian monks.

Many of the Old Believers migrated to Siberia and neighboring countriesCostantino Efimovic, a Serb, especially Romaniaacted as an interpreter between Bp. Most of them have never lost or refused Ambrosii and two [[priestmonk]]hoods. As Pavel and Alimpii examined the orthodox beliefs of Ambrosii, even though some have denied itBp. Ambrosii presented documents issued by the Patriarch of Constantinople that confirmed Ambrosii's canonical status. Bp. Ambrosii and his son, and are therefore called "priestless" (''Bespopovtsy'' in turn, investigated the status of the Russian): their view Orthodox Old canonry and what he was asked, before consenting on priesthood is not motivated by the innovations of [[Nikon of Moscow|NikonApril 15]], but by 1846 to become their vision of the imminent kingdom of the Antichrist[[bishop]].

Over timeAfter a trip along the Danube, Bp. Ambrosii and the Old Believers founded a center at the Rogozhky cemetery monks Pavel and Alimpii arrived in Tulcea, nowadays in MoscowRomania. There five hundred Nekrasov Cossacks, and later together with the monks of the monastery of Belaya Krinitsa ("White Fountain") in BukovinaSlavo-Rus, their Father and Igumen Makarii Arkadii Lavrentiyevskii, then part presented the Metropolitan with the traditional tokens of Austria-Hungaryhospitality: [[Bread and Salt|bread with salt]]. The Austrian government requested and obtained from the Patriarchate of Constantinople a favorable report on Bp. Ambrosii, now before giving him permission to establish his residence in Ukrainetheir domains. Although there had been After a few Old Believer bishops ordained by Nonmeeting to discuss the procedure for settlement of Ambrosii, on [[October 28]], 1846, he held the office [[All-Russian Orthodox prelatesNight Vigil|Vigil]] in honor of St. [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas]] the Miracle Worker. The following day, none after having read the usual confession of them had left successorsfaith in Slavonic, because under Bishop Ambrosii was accepted according to Canon 95 of the reign [[Sixth Ecumenical Council]]. The priest monk Ieronim, with the blessing of Tsar Nicholas I several laws restricted the reception first and the new Metropolitan of converts from Belaya Krinitsa and all the Russian Old Believers, began the Official Church[[Divine Liturgy]], celebrated by Bp. Ambrosii.

In Austria-HungaryBp. Ambrosii read the [[prayer]]s in his native language, Greek, Old Believers founded while the [[deacon]] and the choir used [[monasteryChurch Slavonic |Slavonic]] . Due to the absence of Belaya Krinitsatwo other bishops, he used two archpriests, as a place procedure already used before in the history of freedom for the Old Believers (which carried the name Church in cases of Lipoveni), thanks to laws enacted necessity and described in 1783 by the Emperor Joseph IIsome lives of saints. In ViennaAlso in August 1847, there was the Minister ordination of Interior, Conte Kolovrat, and Archduke Ludwig prepared the way for the permission to be given Bishop Arkadii by Ferdinand in 1844Salvo-Rus, to invite a foreign bishop to establish his headquarters in Belaya Krinitsa to serve the needs an ancient seat of the Old Believers an Orthodox monastery at Tulcea, which still exists in the domains of the EmpireRomania.

There existed for generations communities In response to installation of Old Believers in Turkey who were European refugees from the persecutions in RussiaBp. Ambrosii, and it was natural that the search for a bishop in order Russian Foreign Ministry threatened to establish an independent full Church Hierarchy was one of their first steps. According to reports from retaliate with the Russian Roman Catholic government after if it did not withdraw the middle of permission for the 17th century about 4,000 Old Believers lived to establish their own Metropolia in Austria, mostly in Bukovinathe Habsburg Empire. The [[Holy Synod]], on by which the border with Russia at Tsar controlled the Prut river, and about 36,000 lived State Church since the Ottoman Empire. Of abolition of the latterPatriarchate under Peter I, likewise threatened to cut all financial assistance from the majority lived Patriarch of Constantinople if he had not done everything in Dobrujaits power to induce Metropolitan Ambrosii to change its position. Metr. Ambrosii, however, north at refused. Certainly the Old Believers convinced him that the Danube delta. Osip Semenovich Goncharov, Ataman system of the Nekrasov CossacksHoly Synod, established contact between bishop Ambrosii and two Russian monks, Pavel and Alimpii, who were searching for an orthodox bishop willing in 1700 by Tsar Peter I to join check the Old Believersstatus of the church in place of the patriarch was not canonical.

===Biography In response to diplomatic pressure, the Austrian-Hungarian authorities closed the monastery of Saint Belaya Krinitsa on [[March 3]], 1848, and Metr. Ambrosii===was sent into exile in Tzill in Styria, Austria. After the outbreak of the 1848 revolutions in Vienna, and with the assistance of Count Kolovrat, the monastery of Belaya Krinitsa was reopened at the end of 1848, though Metr. Ambrosii remained in exile. The successor of the latter was Antonii (Shutov), who became the first Old Believers' archbishop of Moscow.

In 1811Metr. Ambrosii lived fifteen years in exile and suffered from his isolation. Nonetheless, he helped establish a full church hierarchy for the future Metropolitan AmbrosiiOld Believers. He saw this as the Will of God. On [[October 28]], then still Andreas, was married1863, he made his last official act as [[primate]] of the Russian Old Believers including [[Archbishop]] Antonii and shortly after he was all the bishops under his [[ordination|ordainedjurisdiction]] as a priest by . The document begins with the words: "For the mercy of God, the humble Archbishop and Metropolitan Matthewof all the Old-Rite Orthodox, Ambrosii. " In 1814 the text, he lost expresses regret that he lived so far away from his wife, who had given flock and that his health did not allow him a sonto do more, named Georgebut that he remains open to discuss any issue relating to the church people, after under his grandfatherspiritual care. In 1817 he was elected Igumen This document refuted allegations from some enemies of the Monastery of Old Faith that wanted people to believe that the Holy Trinity on the island of Halki. Patriarch Constantine Metropolitan had him locum tenens of the patriarchal Greek Church in 1827. As is clear from a document dated [[September 9]], 1835, he was ordained as a bishop of Sarajevo in Bosnia by Patriarch Gregory, assisted by four other bishops. He remained in eventually rejected his position for five years before being removed by the Ottoman authorities]]flock.

A Serb, Costantino Efimovic acted as an interpreter between Bishop Metr. Ambrosii and two above-mentioned died on [[monkOctober 30]]s from Russia, Pavel and Alimpii1863. Pavel and Alimpii examined the orthodox beliefs of AmbrosiiWhile Metr. Bishop Ambrosii presented documents from the Patriarch of Constantinople which confirmed Ambrosii's canonical statusKirill held his funeral at Belaya Krinitsa monastery, Metr. Bishop Ambrosii and his son then took time to investigate was buried in the status Greek-Orthodox cemetery of the Russian Orthodox Old canonry and what he was asked, before giving its consent on [[April 15]], 1846Trieste.

==Aftermath and canonization=Conversion =In 1899, the Patriarch of Constantinople established a commission to investigate the issue of Metr. Ambrosii and his acceptance of the primacy of the Russian Old Faith===Orthodox Church. The committee issued a decree of recognition of the hierarchy established by Metr. Ambrosii. This decree met with disapproval of [[Constantine Petrovich Pobedonostsev|Constantine Pobedonostsev]], the [[Ober-Procurator]] of the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Russia]].

After At a trip along joint synod held at the Monastery of Belaya Krinitsa 150 years after its acceptance of the Danubeprimacy, bishop Metr. Ambrosii and the monks Pavel and Alimpii arrived in Tulceawas [[glorification|glorified]] on [[November 11]], 1996, nowadays in Romania, where five hundred Nekrasov Cossacks, together with the monks presence of the monastery both his successors, Metr. Leontii of Slavo-Rus, their Father Belaya Krinitsa and Igumen Makarii Arkadii Lavrentiyevskii presented the Metropolitan the traditional tokens Metr. Alimpii of hospitality: bread with saltMoscow and All Russia. The government requested and obtained from the Patriarchate day of Constantinople a favorable report on the bishop, before giving him permission to establish his residence in their domains. After a meeting feast was assigned to discuss the procedure for settlement of Ambrosii, on [[October 2830]] (November 12 os) each year. On [[May 18]], 1846 he held the office Vigil in honour of St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker. The following day2000, after having read the usual confession exhumation of faith in Slavonic bishop Ambrosii was accepted according his [[relics]] took place and their [[Translation (relics)|translation]] from Trieste to Canon 95 of the Sixth Ecumenical Councila Braila, Romania. The priest monk IeronimSome years later, with the blessing of the first monks Pavel and Alimpii were also glorified by the new Metropolitan of Belaya Krinitsa and all the Russian Old Believers, began the Divine Liturgy, celebrated by Ambrosii.

The bishop read the prayers in his native language, Greek, but the deacon and the choir used Slavonic. Due to the absence of two other bishops, he used two archpriests, a procedure already used before in the history of the Church in cases of necessity, and described in some lives of saints. In August 1847 there was the ordination of Bishop Arkadii by Salvo-Rus, an ancient seat of an Orthodox monastery at Tulcea, which still exists in Romania.  The Russian Foreign Ministry threatened to retaliate the government of the Roman Catholic, if it had not withdrawn the permission to the Old Believers to establish their own Metropolia in the Habsburg Empire. The [[Holy Synod]], by which the Tsar controlled the State Church since the abolition of the Patriarchate under Peter I, likewise threatened to cut all financial assistance from the Patriarchate of Constantinople, if he had not done everything in its power to induce the Metropolitan Ambrosii to change its position. Metropolitan Ambrosii, however, refused. Certainly the Old Believers convinced him that the system of the Holy Synod, established in 1700 by Peter I to check the status of the church in place of the patriarch, and with whom they have not wanted to do was not a canon. By decree of Tsar Paul I, the Russian rulers had declared "the Church" and all the bishops of the church had been obliged to honour an oath to that effect. ===Exile and Death=Sources== In response to diplomatic pressure, the Austrian-Hungarian authorities closed the monastery of Belaya Krinitsa on *[[March 3]], 1848, and Metropolitan Ambrosii was sent into exile in Tzill in Styriahttp://digilander. After the outbreak of revolutions in Vienna, with the assistance of Count Kolovrat, the Minister mentioned, the monastery of Belaya Krinitsa was reopened at the end of 1848, though the Metropolitan had to remain in exilelibero. The successor of the latter was Antonii (Shutov), who became the first Old Believers' archbishop of Moscowit/ortodossia/Ambrogio. Metropolitan Ambrosii lived fifteen years in exile and suffered from his isolation. Nonetheless he had helped end the Old Believers in their need to establish a full Church Hierarchy. He saw this as the Will of God. On October 28, 1863 he sent his last official act as primate of the Russian Old Believer Archbishop Antonii and all the bishops under his jurisdiction. The document begins with the words: "For the mercy of God, the humble Archbishop and Metropolitan of all the Oldhtm Breve Vita Del Padre Nostro Tra I Santi Ambrogio Metropolita Di Belo-Rite OrthodoxKrinitsa E Di Tutti Gli Antichi Ortodossi, Ambrosii." In the text he expresses regret that he lived so far away from his flock, and that his health did not allow him to do more, but that he remains open to discuss any issue relating to the church people, under his spiritual care. This document clearly refuted allegations from some enemies of the Old Faith that wanted people to believe that the Holy Metropolitan had eventually rejected his flock. Il Confessore] Metropolitan Ambrosii died in 1863*[http://www. Metropolitan Kirill held his funeral at Belaya Krinitsa monastery, but the Metropolitan was buried in the Greekbelaya-Orthodox cemetery of Triestekrinica.kiev.  ===Investigation of the Patriarchate of Constantinople=== In 1899 the Patriarch of Constantinople established a commission to investigate the issue of Metropolitan Ambrosii and his acceptance of the primacy of the ua/ Russian Orthodox Old Orthodox Church. The committee issued a decree of recognition of the hierarchy established by Metropolitan Ambrosii. This decree met with disapproval of Pobedonostsev, the Chairman of the Holy Synod of the Russian-Orthodox State Rite Church. ===Canonization of Metropolitan Ambrosii===]

At a joint synod held at the Monastery of Belaya Krinitsa 150 years after its acceptance of the primacy, Metropolitan Ambrosii was canonized on ==See also==[[November11Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church]], 1996, in the presence of both his successors, Metropolitan Leontii of Belaya Krinitsa and the Metropolitan Alimpii of Moscow and All Russia. The day of his feast was assigned to October 30 (November 12, according to the new calendar) each year. On 18/31 May 2000 the exhumation took place of the relics and their translation from Trieste to a Braila, Romania. Some years later, the monks Pavel and Alimpii, too, were canonized by the Old Believers.