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'''Factors Contributing to the Diversion of the Fourth Crusade'''
1. Papal [[Primacy and Unity in Orthodox Ecclesiology|Primacy]] as developed during the Cluniac Reformation (10th-11th c.); and the Gregorian Reform of [[Pope ]] Gregory VII.
The [[Monastery ]] of Cluny in French Burgundy taught the high doctrine of the power of the Apostolic [[See]]. The Church was to be organized under strict discipline, and Bishops[[Bishop]]s, Priests[[Priest]]s, and Monks [[Monk]]s had no rights of their own that were not derived from the Pope, the unique source of ecclesiastical authority. In 1039 Cluny's abbot Odilo turned his monastery into the head of a monastic feudal system whose influence spread all over Europe. In 1055 the monastery of Cluny captured the papacy. Pope Innocent III (Pope during the Fourth Crusade) carried these Cluniac ideas about the position of the Pope as the sole and highest authority in the Church.
It naturally followed therefore, that Pope Gregory VII (1073-85) conceived of his supremacy over the temporal powers, as a domination over the Eastern and Western Empires. The Gregorian Reform stressed, among other things, the primacy of the papacy over the Empire, the infallability of the Church, and the right of Popes to depose Emperors.
With this background, and with the experience of the [[Great Schism ]] in 1054, the Papacy's position was that Byzantium was regarded as a rebel, a [[schismatic ]] or [[heretic ]] nation which should be brought back to order.