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The Boxer Rebellion of 1898-1900, an anti-Western and anti-missionary uprising in China, saw violent attacks on Chinese converts to Christianity. The Orthodox Chinese were among those put to the sword, and in June every year the 222 Chinese Orthodox, including Father Mitrophan, who died for their faith in 1900 are commemorated during the upheavals as remembered on the icon of the [[Holy Martyrs of China]]. In spite of the uprising, by 1902 there were 32 Orthodox churches in China with close to 6,000 adherents. The church also ran schools and orphanages.
===Leaders of the Russian Mission===
*Father Maxim Leontieff, 1685-1712.
*Archimandrite Ambrose (Umatoff), 1755-1771.
*Archimandrite Peter (Kamensky), 1820-1830.
*Archimandrite Policarp (Tougarinoff), 1840-1849.
*Archimandrite Ioakinf (Bichorin), 1806-1821.
*Father Daniel Siviloff, 1820-1830.
*Father Avvakum Chestnoy, 1830-1840.
*Archimandrite Pallady (Kaffaroff), 1849-1859 and 1864-1878.
*Archimandrite Gury (Karpoff), 1858-1864.
*Father Flavian, 1878-1884.
*Archimandrite Amfilochy (Loutovinoff), 1883-1896.
*Metropolitan [[Innocent (Figourovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figourovsky) of Beijing and All-China]]. Archimandrite 1897-1901, Bishop of Beijing 1902-1921, Archbishop of Beijing and All-China 1922-1928, Metropolitan 1928-1931.
*Archbishop Simon (Vinogradov), 1928-1933.
*Archbishop Victor (Svjatin) of Beijing. Bishop of Shanghai 1928-1933, Bishop of Beijing and All-China 1933-1938, Archbishop 1938-1956.
*Saint [[John (Maximovitch) of Shanghai|John (Maximovitch)]], Bishop of Shanghai 1934-~1946, Archbishop ~1946-1949.
===Episcopacy of the Chinese Orthodox Church===
*Bishop [[Vasily (Shuan) of Beijing|Vasily (Shuan)]] of Beijing and All-China, 1956-1962.
*Bishop [[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]] of Shanghai, 1951-1960's.
106 Orthodox churches were opened in China by 1949. In general the parishioners of these churches were Russian refugees, and the Chinese part was about 10,000 persons. The "cultural revolution" destroyed the young Chinese Orthodox Church almost totally.