https://orthodoxwiki.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Heauskne&feedformat=atomOrthodoxWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T14:30:41ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=118182Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2014-02-07T15:22:14Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=The Orthodox Church of Estonia|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar]]|<br />
population=28,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Orthodox Church of Estonia''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Its official name in English is the '''Orthodox Church of Estonia'''.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
This autonomous church should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|church of the similar name]] which is an [[exarchate]] of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Orthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to [[Pskov]], in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox [[congregation]] in Estonia was in 1030 in Tartu. Around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians erected a fortress named Tarbatu. In 1030 the Kievan prince, Jaroslav the Wise, raided Tarbatu and built his own fort in this place as well as the congregation in a [[cathedral]] dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who [[martyr]]ed their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian [[clergy]]. The St. [[Alexander Nevsky]] Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pühtitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and installed as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
In 2013, in response to a joint invitation by the Autonomous Church of Estonia and the President of the Republic of Estonia, His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew traveled to Tallinn, Estonia, on September 4, 2013, in order to preside over celebrations for the 90th anniversary since the declaration of the Estonian Church as Autonomous by the Mother Church of Constantinople.<br />
<br />
==Estonian Orthodoxy today==<br />
The Orthodox Church of Estonia today consists of 73 parishes, served by 3 bishops, 33 priests and 9 deacons, and a convent.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc "The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"] in ''The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey'' (2008) by Ronald Roberson, on the CNEWA website.<br />
*[http://www.patriarchate.org/news/releases/his-all-holiness-in-estonia/ His All-Holiness in Estonia]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]<br />
<br />
[[el:Εκκλησία της Εσθονίας]]<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat œcuménique)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Estoniei]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=118181Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2014-02-07T15:18:22Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=The Orthodox Church of Estonia|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar]]|<br />
population=28,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Orthodox Church of Estonia''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Its official name in English is the '''Orthodox Church of Estonia'''.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
This autonomous church should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|church of the similar name]] which is an [[exarchate]] of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Orthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to [[Pskov]], in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox [[congregation]] in Estonia was in 1030 in Tartu. Around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians erected a fortress named Tarbatu. In 1030 the Kievan prince, Jaroslav the Wise, raided Tarbatu and built his own fort in this place as well as the congregation in a [[cathedral]] dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who [[martyr]]ed their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian [[clergy]]. The St. [[Alexander Nevsky]] Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pühtitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and installed as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
In 2013, in response to a joint invitation by the Autonomous Church of Estonia and the President of the Republic of Estonia, His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew traveled to Tallinn, Estonia, on September 4, 2013, in order to preside over celebrations for the 90th anniversary since the declaration of the Estonian Church as Autonomous by the Mother Church of Constantinople.<br />
<br />
==Estonian Orthodoxy today==<br />
The Orthodox Church of Estonia today consists of 73 parishes, served by 3 bishops, 33 priests and 9 deacons, and a convent.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc "The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"] in ''The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey'' (2008) by Ronald Roberson, on the CNEWA website.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]<br />
<br />
[[el:Εκκλησία της Εσθονίας]]<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat œcuménique)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Estoniei]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=118180Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2014-02-07T15:15:53Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=The Orthodox Church of Estonia|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar]]|<br />
population=28,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Orthodox Church of Estonia''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Its official name in English is the '''Orthodox Church of Estonia'''.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
This autonomous church should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|church of the similar name]] which is an [[exarchate]] of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Orthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to [[Pskov]], in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox [[congregation]] in Estonia was in 1030 in Tartu. Around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians erected a fortress named Tarbatu. In 1030 the Kievan prince, Jaroslav the Wise, raided Tarbatu and built his own fort in this place as well as the congregation in a [[cathedral]] dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who [[martyr]]ed their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian [[clergy]]. The St. [[Alexander Nevsky]] Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pühtitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and installed as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
In 2013, in response to a joint invitation by the Autonomous Church of Estonia and the President of the Republic of Estonia, His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew traveled to Tallinn, Estonia, on September 4, 2013, in order to preside over celebrations for the 90th anniversary since the declaration of the Estonian Church as Autonomous by the Mother Church of Constantinople.<br />
<br />
==Estonian Orthodoxy today==<br />
The Orthodox Church of Estonia today consists of 73 parishes, served by 3 bishops, 33 priests and 9 deacons.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc "The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"] in ''The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey'' (2008) by Ronald Roberson, on the CNEWA website.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]<br />
<br />
[[el:Εκκλησία της Εσθονίας]]<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat œcuménique)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Estoniei]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_Calendar&diff=117994Church Calendar2013-12-25T20:02:08Z<p>Heauskne: /* Usage */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Church Calendar''' consists of a series of cycles by which [[feast]]s are celebrated in the [[Orthodox Church]]. There are currently three calendars in use in the Church, the '''[[Julian Calendar]]''' ("Old Calendar"), '''[[Revised Julian Calendar]]''' ("New Calendar"), and '''[[Gregorian Calendar]]''' ("New Calendar"). <br />
<br />
==Usage==<br />
*The [[Julian Calendar]] churches are: [[Church of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], [[Church of Russia|Russia]], [[Church of Serbia|Serbia]], [[Church of Georgia|Georgia]], [[Church of Poland|Poland]], [[Church of Sinai|Sinai]], [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], and [[Church of Japan|Japan]].<br />
<br />
*The [[Revised Julian Calendar]] churches are: [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]], [[Church of Alexandria|Alexandria]], [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], [[Church of Romania|Romania]], [[Church of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Church of Cyprus|Cyprus]], [[Church of Greece|Greece]], [[Church of Albania|Albania]], [[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia|Czech Lands and Slovakia]], [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)|Estonia]] and the [[Orthodox Church in America|OCA]].<br />
<br />
*The [[Gregorian Calendar]] church is: [[Church of Finland|Finland]].<br />
<br />
A number of the above churches also have some parishes and dioceses which are on a different calendar than their respective [[primate]]s, most especially the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the [[diaspora]], which has many Julian Calendar parishes.<br />
<br />
In terms of population, most Orthodox Christians follow the Julian Calendar (roughly 144 million to 41 million) but in terms of numbers of autocephalous and autonomous church bodies, the majority use one of the New Calendars (12 to 8).<br />
<br />
==Calendar fixed feast days==<br />
The following list of dates links only to [[fixed feast]]s of the [[Orthodox Church]]. The Church's year begins with the [[Indiction]] on [[September 1]].<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
| September<br />
|<small>[[September 1|1]] [[September 2|2]] [[September 3|3]] [[September 4|4]] [[September 5|5]] [[September 6|6]] [[September 7|7]] [[September 8|8]] [[September 9|9]] [[September 10|10]] [[September 11|11]] [[September 12|12]] [[September 13|13]] [[September 14|14]] [[September 15|15]] [[September 16|16]] [[September 17|17]] [[September 18|18]] [[September 19|19]] [[September 20|20]] [[September 21|21]] [[September 22|22]] [[September 23|23]] [[September 24|24]] [[September 25|25]] [[September 26|26]] [[September 27|27]] [[September 28|28]] [[September 29|29]] [[September 30|30]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| October<br />
|<small>[[October 1|1]] [[October 2|2]] [[October 3|3]] [[October 4|4]] [[October 5|5]] [[October 6|6]] [[October 7|7]] [[October 8|8]] [[October 9|9]] [[October 10|10]] [[October 11|11]] [[October 12|12]] [[October 13|13]] [[October 14|14]] [[October 15|15]] [[October 16|16]] [[October 17|17]] [[October 18|18]] [[October 19|19]] [[October 20|20]] [[October 21|21]] [[October 22|22]] [[October 23|23]] [[October 24|24]] [[October 25|25]] [[October 26|26]] [[October 27|27]] [[October 28|28]] [[October 29|29]] [[October 30|30]] [[October 31|31]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| November<br />
|<small>[[November 1|1]] [[November 2|2]] [[November 3|3]] [[November 4|4]] [[November 5|5]] [[November 6|6]] [[November 7|7]] [[November 8|8]] [[November 9|9]] [[November 10|10]] [[November 11|11]] [[November 12|12]] [[November 13|13]] [[November 14|14]] [[November 15|15]] [[November 16|16]] [[November 17|17]] [[November 18|18]] [[November 19|19]] [[November 20|20]] [[November 21|21]] [[November 22|22]] [[November 23|23]] [[November 24|24]] [[November 25|25]] [[November 26|26]] [[November 27|27]] [[November 28|28]] [[November 29|29]] [[November 30|30]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| December&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
|<small>[[December 1|1]] [[December 2|2]] [[December 3|3]] [[December 4|4]] [[December 5|5]] [[December 6|6]] [[December 7|7]] [[December 8|8]] [[December 9|9]] [[December 10|10]] [[December 11|11]] [[December 12|12]] [[December 13|13]] [[December 14|14]] [[December 15|15]] [[December 16|16]] [[December 17|17]] [[December 18|18]] [[December 19|19]] [[December 20|20]] [[December 21|21]] [[December 22|22]] [[December 23|23]] [[December 24|24]] [[December 25|25]] [[December 26|26]] [[December 27|27]] [[December 28|28]] [[December 29|29]] [[December 30|30]] [[December 31|31]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| January<br />
|<small>[[January 1|1]] [[January 2|2]] [[January 3|3]] [[January 4|4]] [[January 5|5]] [[January 6|6]] [[January 7|7]] [[January 8|8]] [[January 9|9]] [[January 10|10]] [[January 11|11]] [[January 12|12]] [[January 13|13]] [[January 14|14]] [[January 15|15]] [[January 16|16]] [[January 17|17]] [[January 18|18]] [[January 19|19]] [[January 20|20]] [[January 21|21]] [[January 22|22]] [[January 23|23]] [[January 24|24]] [[January 25|25]] [[January 26|26]] [[January 27|27]] [[January 28|28]] [[January 29|29]] [[January 30|30]] [[January 31|31]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| February<br />
|<small>[[February 1|1]] [[February 2|2]] [[February 3|3]] [[February 4|4]] [[February 5|5]] [[February 6|6]] [[February 7|7]] [[February 8|8]] [[February 9|9]] [[February 10|10]] [[February 11|11]] [[February 12|12]] [[February 13|13]] [[February 14|14]] [[February 15|15]] [[February 16|16]] [[February 17|17]] [[February 18|18]] [[February 19|19]] [[February 20|20]] [[February 21|21]] [[February 22|22]] [[February 23|23]] [[February 24|24]] [[February 25|25]] [[February 26|26]] [[February 27|27]] [[February 28|28]] [[February 29|(29)]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| March<br />
|<small>[[March 1|1]] [[March 2|2]] [[March 3|3]] [[March 4|4]] [[March 5|5]] [[March 6|6]] [[March 7|7]] [[March 8|8]] [[March 9|9]] [[March 10|10]] [[March 11|11]] [[March 12|12]] [[March 13|13]] [[March 14|14]] [[March 15|15]] [[March 16|16]] [[March 17|17]] [[March 18|18]] [[March 19|19]] [[March 20|20]] [[March 21|21]] [[March 22|22]] [[March 23|23]] [[March 24|24]] [[March 25|25]] [[March 26|26]] [[March 27|27]] [[March 28|28]] [[March 29|29]] [[March 30|30]] [[March 31|31]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| April<br />
|<small>[[April 1|1]] [[April 2|2]] [[April 3|3]] [[April 4|4]] [[April 5|5]] [[April 6|6]] [[April 7|7]] [[April 8|8]] [[April 9|9]] [[April 10|10]] [[April 11|11]] [[April 12|12]] [[April 13|13]] [[April 14|14]] [[April 15|15]] [[April 16|16]] [[April 17|17]] [[April 18|18]] [[April 19|19]] [[April 20|20]] [[April 21|21]] [[April 22|22]] [[April 23|23]] [[April 24|24]] [[April 25|25]] [[April 26|26]] [[April 27|27]] [[April 28|28]] [[April 29|29]] [[April 30|30]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| May<br />
|<small>[[May 1|1]] [[May 2|2]] [[May 3|3]] [[May 4|4]] [[May 5|5]] [[May 6|6]] [[May 7|7]] [[May 8|8]] [[May 9|9]] [[May 10|10]] [[May 11|11]] [[May 12|12]] [[May 13|13]] [[May 14|14]] [[May 15|15]] [[May 16|16]] [[May 17|17]] [[May 18|18]] [[May 19|19]] [[May 20|20]] [[May 21|21]] [[May 22|22]] [[May 23|23]] [[May 24|24]] [[May 25|25]] [[May 26|26]] [[May 27|27]] [[May 28|28]] [[May 29|29]] [[May 30|30]] [[May 31|31]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| June<br />
|<small>[[June 1|1]] [[June 2|2]] [[June 3|3]] [[June 4|4]] [[June 5|5]] [[June 6|6]] [[June 7|7]] [[June 8|8]] [[June 9|9]] [[June 10|10]] [[June 11|11]] [[June 12|12]] [[June 13|13]] [[June 14|14]] [[June 15|15]] [[June 16|16]] [[June 17|17]] [[June 18|18]] [[June 19|19]] [[June 20|20]] [[June 21|21]] [[June 22|22]] [[June 23|23]] [[June 24|24]] [[June 25|25]] [[June 26|26]] [[June 27|27]] [[June 28|28]] [[June 29|29]] [[June 30|30]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| July<br />
|<small>[[July 1|1]] [[July 2|2]] [[July 3|3]] [[July 4|4]] [[July 5|5]] [[July 6|6]] [[July 7|7]] [[July 8|8]] [[July 9|9]] [[July 10|10]] [[July 11|11]] [[July 12|12]] [[July 13|13]] [[July 14|14]] [[July 15|15]] [[July 16|16]] [[July 17|17]] [[July 18|18]] [[July 19|19]] [[July 20|20]] [[July 21|21]] [[July 22|22]] [[July 23|23]] [[July 24|24]] [[July 25|25]] [[July 26|26]] [[July 27|27]] [[July 28|28]] [[July 29|29]] [[July 30|30]] [[July 31|31]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| August<br />
|<small>[[August 1|1]] [[August 2|2]] [[August 3|3]] [[August 4|4]] [[August 5|5]] [[August 6|6]] [[August 7|7]] [[August 8|8]] [[August 9|9]] [[August 10|10]] [[August 11|11]] [[August 12|12]] [[August 13|13]] [[August 14|14]] [[August 15|15]] [[August 16|16]] [[August 17|17]] [[August 18|18]] [[August 19|19]] [[August 20|20]] [[August 21|21]] [[August 22|22]] [[August 23|23]] [[August 24|24]] [[August 25|25]] [[August 26|26]] [[August 27|27]] [[August 28|28]] [[August 29|29]] [[August 30|30]] [[August 31|31]]</small><br />
|}<br />
==Calendar movable feast days==<br />
All dates are Gregorian. Dates in ( ) are Gregorian dates of movable feasts on the Julian Calendar when different.<br />
{|cellpadding="6px" border=1 style="border:1px solid #C0C0C0; border-collapse:collapse;"<br />
|'''Movable feast day'''<br />
|'''Date this year'''<br />
|'''Date next year'''<br />
|'''Date in two years'''<br />
|-<br />
|Sunday before [[Theophany]].<br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Jan 6 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Jan 6 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }} }})<br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Jan 6 {{Next year}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Jan 6 {{Next year}} }} }})<br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Jan 6 {{In_two_years}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Jan 6 {{In_two_years}} }} }})<br />
|-<br />
|Sunday after [[Theophany]] <br />
|{{Sunday after|date=Jan 6 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday after|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Jan 6 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }} }})<br />
|{{Sunday after|date=Jan 6 {{Next year}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday after|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Jan 6 {{Next year}} }} }})<br />
|{{Sunday after|date=Jan 6 {{In_two_years}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday after|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Jan 6 {{In_two_years}} }} }})<br />
|-<br />
|[[Apostle Zacchaeus|Zacchaeus Sunday]] (Slavic Tradition) <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 11 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 11 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 11 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of the Publican and Pharisee|Publican & Pharisee Sunday]] - ''fast free week''<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 10 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 10 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 10 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of the Prodigal Son]] <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 9 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 9 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 9 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of the Last Judgment|Meat Fare Sunday]] (Sunday of Last Judgement) <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 8 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 8 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 8 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|''fast for 6 days'' <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 55 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 55 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 55 day }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Forgiveness Sunday|Cheesefare (Forgiveness) Sunday]] <br />
<br />
Expulsion from Paradise <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 7 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 7 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 7 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Great Lent]] begins - ''fast for 6 weeks''<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 48 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 48 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 48 day }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of Orthodoxy]] <br />
<br />
1st Sunday of Lent<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 6 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 6 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 6 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of St. Gregory Palamas]]<br />
<br />
2nd Sunday of Lent <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 5 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 5 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 5 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of the Holy Cross]]<br />
<br />
3rd Sunday of Lent<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 4 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 4 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 4 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of St. John Climacus]]<br />
<br />
4th Sunday of Lent<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 3 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 3 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 3 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt]]<br />
<br />
5th Sunday of Lent<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 2 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 2 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 2 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Lazarus Saturday]]<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 8 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 8 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 8 day }}<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Palm Sunday]]''' <br />
|'''{{Palm sunday date}}'''<br />
|'''{{Palm sunday date|year={{Next year}}}}'''<br />
|'''{{Palm sunday date|year={{In_two_years}}}}'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Holy Week]] starts - ''fast all week''<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 6 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 6 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 6 day }} <br />
|-<br />
|Holy Thursday <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 3 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 3 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 3 day }} <br />
|-<br />
|Holy Friday <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 2 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 2 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 2 day }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Holy Saturday]]<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} - 1 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} - 1 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} - 1 day }}<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Pascha]]''' - fast free week<br />
|'''{{Pascha date}}'''<br />
|'''{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}}'''<br />
|'''{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}}'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of St. Thomas]] <br />
<br />
2nd Sunday of Pascha<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 1 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 1 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 1 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of Myrrh-bearing Women]]<br />
<br />
3rd Sunday of Pascha<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 2 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 2 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 2 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|Sunday of the Paralytic <br />
<br />
4th Sunday of Pascha<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 3 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 3 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 3 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|Midfeast of Pentecost <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 24 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 24 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 24 day }}<br />
|-<br />
|Sunday of the Samaritan Woman <br />
<br />
5th Sunday of Pascha<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 4 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 4 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 4 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|Sunday of the Blind Man <br />
<br />
6th Sunday of Pascha<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 5 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 5 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 5 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|Leavetaking of Pascha <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 38 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 38 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 38 day }}<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Ascension]]Thursday''' <br />
|'''{{Ascension date}}'''<br />
|'''{{Ascension date|year={{Next year}}}}'''<br />
|'''{{Ascension date|year={{In_two_years}}}}'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[First Ecumenical Council|Fathers of the 1st Ecumenical Council]]<br />
<br />
7th Sunday of Pascha<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 6 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 6 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 6 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Pentecost]] Sunday''' - ''fast free week''<br />
|'''{{Pentecost date}}''' <br />
|'''{{Pentecost date|year={{Next year}}}}''' <br />
|'''{{Pentecost date|year={{In_two_years}}}}''' <br />
|-<br />
|Day of the Holy Spirit <br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 50 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 50 day }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|D, F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 50 day }}<br />
|-<br />
|Sunday of All Saints <br />
<br />
1st Sunday after Pentecost<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 8 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 8 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 8 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|Apostles fast begins<br />
|{{Apostles fast date}} <br />
|{{Apostles fast date|year={{Next year}} }}<br />
|{{Apostles fast date|year={{In_two_years}} }}<br />
|-<br />
|All Saints of North America <br />
<br />
2nd Sunday after Pentecost<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date}} + 9 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{Next year}}}} + 9 week }}<br />
|{{#time:{{{format|F j, Y}}} |{{Pascha date|year={{In_two_years}}}} + 9 week }}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sunday of the Fathers of the First Six Councils|Fathers of the First Six Councils]] <br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Jul 20 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }} <br />
<br />
({{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Jul 20 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }} }}) <br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Jul 20 {{Next year}} }} <br />
<br />
({{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Jul 20 {{Next year}} }} }}) <br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Jul 20 {{In_two_years}} }} <br />
<br />
({{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Jul 20 {{In_two_years}} }} }}) <br />
|-<br />
|Sunday before [[Elevation of the Holy Cross|Elevation of the Cross]]<br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Sep 14 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}<br />
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|-<br />
|Sunday after [[Elevation of the Holy Cross|Elevation of the Cross]]<br />
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- Lukan Jump next day -<br />
|{{Sunday after |date=Sep 14 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}<br />
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|-<br />
|[[Sunday of the Fathers of the Seventh Ecumenical Council|Fathers of the 7th Ecumenical Council]] <br />
|{{Sunday after|date=Oct 10 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}<br />
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({{Sunday after|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Oct 10 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }} }})<br />
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({{Sunday after|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Oct 10 {{Next year}} }} }})<br />
|{{Sunday after|date=Oct 10 {{In_two_years}} }}<br />
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({{Sunday after|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Oct 10 {{In_two_years}} }} }})<br />
|-<br />
|2nd Sunday before [[Nativity]] <br />
|{{#time:F j, Y |{{Sunday before|date=Dec 25 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }} - 1 week}}<br />
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({{#time:F j, Y |{{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Dec 25 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }} }} - 1 week}})<br />
|{{#time:F j, Y |{{Sunday before|date=Dec 25 {{Next year}} }} - 1 week}}<br />
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({{#time:F j, Y |{{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Dec 25 {{Next year}} }} }} - 1 week}})<br />
|{{#time:F j, Y |{{Sunday before|date=Dec 25 {{In_two_years}} }} - 1 week}}<br />
<br />
({{#time:F j, Y |{{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Dec 25 {{In_two_years}} }} }} - 1 week}})<br />
|-<br />
|Sunday before [[Nativity]] <br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Dec 25 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Dec 25 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }} }})<br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Dec 25 {{Next year}} }}<br />
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({{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Dec 25 {{Next year}} }} }})<br />
|{{Sunday before|date=Dec 25 {{In_two_years}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday before|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Dec 25 {{In_two_years}} }} }})<br />
|-<br />
|Sunday after [[Nativity]] <br />
|{{Sunday after|date=Dec 25 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday after|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Dec 25 {{CURRENTYEAR}} }} }})<br />
|{{Sunday after|date=Dec 25 {{Next year}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday after|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Dec 25 {{Next year}} }} }})<br />
|{{Sunday after|date=Dec 25 {{In_two_years}} }}<br />
<br />
({{Sunday after|date={{Gregorian date|format=F j Y|date=Dec 25 {{In_two_years}} }} }})<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Byzantine Creation Era]]<br />
*[[Feast day]]<br />
*[[Name day]]<br />
*[[Great Feasts]]<br />
*[[Holy Week]] <br />
*[[Paschalion]]<br />
*[[Gaussian Formulae]]<br />
<br />
===Guidance on style===<br />
*[[OrthodoxWiki:Style Manual (Church Calendar)|Style Manual]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.smart.net/~mmontes/ec-cal.html Ecclesiastical Calendar]<br />
*[http://www.canto.ru/calendar/help_en.php?id=js_what_en Orthodox calendar] from [http://www.canto.ru/calendar/ Orthodox Menologion Online]<br />
*[http://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/calendar/ Online Ecclesiastical Calendar, with detailed fasting rubrics and the Menologion, according to the Old Calendar]<br />
<br />
===Calendar use===<br />
*[http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/calendar27.html Frequently Asked Questions about Calendars] by Claus Tondering (everything you ever wanted to know)<br />
*[http://users.chariot.net.au/~gmarts/calmain.htm Calendar and Easter Topics]<br />
*[http://www.chrysostom.org/andrew/texts/parsells-calendar.pdf The Calendar Issue in the Orthodox Church (.pdf)], by John Parsells<br />
<br />
[[Category:Feasts]]<br />
[[Category:Liturgics]]<br />
[[Category:Saints]]<br />
[[Category:Church Life]]<br />
[[Category:Calendar days|*]]<br />
<br />
[[el:Εορτολόγιο]]<br />
[[fr:Calendrier]]<br />
[[ro:Calendar]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Presbytera&diff=110065Presbytera2012-07-24T19:08:02Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''''Presbytera''''' (Gk. πρεσβυτέρα, pronounced - and sometimes spelt - ''presvytera'') is a Greek title of honor that is used to refer to a [[presbyter|priest]]'s wife. It is derived from ''presbyteros''&mdash;the Greek word for ''priest'' (literally, "elder"). Although 'Presbyteress' has an equivalent meaning, it has a very small usage: most English-speaking Orthodox Christians will use the title most common in the old country churches from which their local family or parish finds its origin.<br />
<br />
==Other languages==<br />
''Presbytera'' corresponds to the following equivalent titles:<br />
<br />
* Albanian: ''Prifteresha''<br />
* Arabic: ''Khouria'' (from the word ''khoury'', meaning "priest")<br />
* Carpatho-Russian: ''Pani'' (literally "lady," comparable to ''Pan'' for priests, meaning "lord")<br />
* Finnish: ''Ruustinna'' (from the word ''rovasti'' (protoiereos), in Karelia: Maatuska)<br />
* Estonian: ''Presvitera''<br />
* Old Icelandic: ''Prestkona'' ("priest's woman")<br />
* Romanian: ''Preoteasa''<br />
* Russian: ''Matushka'' (pronounced ''MAH'-too-shkah'', literally means "mama," i.e., the intimate form of "mother"; more common in "diaspora" Russian traditions than within Russia itself)<br />
* Serbian: ''Popadija'' (from the word ''pop'', meaning married priest); ''Protinica'' (pronounced ''proh-tee-NEE'-tsah'') for a [[protopresbyter]]'s wife<br />
* Ukrainian: ''Panimatka'' or ''Panimatushka'' (''pani'', "lady" + ''matushka'', "little mama"); ''Dobrodijka'' (pronounced ''doh-BROH-deey-kah'', literally means "a woman who does good"); ''Popadya'' ("priest's wife")<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Diakonissa]]<br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
* ''Presbytera: The Life, Mission, and Service of the Priest's Wife'', by Athanasia Papademetriou (ISBN 0972466142)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.nsp.goarch.org/ National Sisterhood of Presvyteres] ([[GOARCH]])<br />
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inchurch/clergywife.htm "The Orthodox Clergy Wife"] by Matushka Valerie G. Zahirsky (''Orthodox Family Life'')<br />
*[http://www.roca.org/OA/96/96h.htm "The Shadow of a Priest"] from ''Orthodox America''<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/praxis/clergy_etiquette.aspx Clergy Etiquette]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Church Life]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Presbytera&diff=110064Presbytera2012-07-24T19:07:03Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''''Presbytera''''' (Gk. πρεσβυτέρα, pronounced - and sometimes spelt - ''presvytera'') is a Greek title of honor that is used to refer to a [[presbyter|priest]]'s wife. It is derived from ''presbyteros''&mdash;the Greek word for ''priest'' (literally, "elder"). Although 'Presbyteress' has an equivalent meaning, it has a very small usage: most English-speaking Orthodox Christians will use the title most common in the old country churches from which their local family or parish finds its origin.<br />
<br />
==Other languages==<br />
''Presbytera'' corresponds to the following equivalent titles:<br />
<br />
* Albanian: ''Prifteresha''<br />
* Arabic: ''Khouria'' (from the word ''khoury'', meaning "priest")<br />
* Carpatho-Russian: ''Pani'' (literally "lady," comparable to ''Pan'' for priests, meaning "lord")<br />
* Finnish: ''Ruustinna'' (from the word ''rovasti'' (protoiereos), in Karelia: Maatuska)<br />
* Estonian: "Presvitera"<br />
* Old Icelandic: ''Prestkona'' ("priest's woman")<br />
* Romanian: ''Preoteasa''<br />
* Russian: ''Matushka'' (pronounced ''MAH'-too-shkah'', literally means "mama," i.e., the intimate form of "mother"; more common in "diaspora" Russian traditions than within Russia itself)<br />
* Serbian: ''Popadija'' (from the word ''pop'', meaning married priest); ''Protinica'' (pronounced ''proh-tee-NEE'-tsah'') for a [[protopresbyter]]'s wife<br />
* Ukrainian: ''Panimatka'' or ''Panimatushka'' (''pani'', "lady" + ''matushka'', "little mama"); ''Dobrodijka'' (pronounced ''doh-BROH-deey-kah'', literally means "a woman who does good"); ''Popadya'' ("priest's wife")<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Diakonissa]]<br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
* ''Presbytera: The Life, Mission, and Service of the Priest's Wife'', by Athanasia Papademetriou (ISBN 0972466142)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.nsp.goarch.org/ National Sisterhood of Presvyteres] ([[GOARCH]])<br />
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inchurch/clergywife.htm "The Orthodox Clergy Wife"] by Matushka Valerie G. Zahirsky (''Orthodox Family Life'')<br />
*[http://www.roca.org/OA/96/96h.htm "The Shadow of a Priest"] from ''Orthodox America''<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/praxis/clergy_etiquette.aspx Clergy Etiquette]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Church Life]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=105897Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2012-01-24T14:33:18Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=The Orthodox Church of Estonia|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar]]|<br />
population=28,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Orthodox Church of Estonia''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Its official name in English is the '''Orthodox Church of Estonia'''.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
This autonomous church should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|church of the similar name]] which is an [[exarchate]] of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Orthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to [[Pskov]], in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox [[congregation]] in Estonia was in 1030 in Tartu. Around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians erected a fortress named Tarbatu. In 1030 the Kievan prince, Jaroslav the Wise, raided Tarbatu and built his own fort in this place as well as the congregation in a [[cathedral]] dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who [[martyr]]ed their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian [[clergy]]. The St. [[Alexander Nevsky]] Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pühtitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and installed as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
==Estonian Orthodoxy today==<br />
The Orthodox Church of Estonia today consists of 73 parishes, served by 2 bishops, 33 priests and 8 deacons.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc "The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"] in ''The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey'' (2008) by Ronald Roberson, on the CNEWA website.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]<br />
<br />
[[el:Εκκλησία της Εσθονίας]]<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat œcuménique)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Estoniei]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Estonia&diff=104699Estonia2011-10-30T12:50:10Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Church of Estonia''' could refer to one of two distinct entities:<br />
<br />
* The [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)|Orthodox Church of Estonia]], an autonomous entity under the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]]<br />
* The [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate]], a semi-autonomous part of the [[Church of Russia]]<br />
<br />
{{disambig}}</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=104691Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2011-10-29T22:29:26Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=The Orthodox Church of Estonia|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]]|<br />
population=28,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Orthodox Church of Estonia''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Its official name in English is the '''Orthodox Church of Estonia'''.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
This autonomous church should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|church of the similar name]] which is an [[exarchate]] of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Orthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to [[Pskov]], in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox [[congregation]] in Estonia was in 1030 in Tartu. Around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians erected a fortress named Tarbatu. In 1030 the Kievan prince, Jaroslav the Wise, raided Tarbatu and built his own fort in this place as well as the congregation in a [[cathedral]] dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who [[martyr]]ed their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian [[clergy]]. The St. [[Alexander Nevsky]] Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pühtitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and installed as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
==Estonian Orthodoxy today==<br />
The Orthodox Church of Estonia today consists of 73 parishes, served by 2 bishops, 33 priests and 8 deacons.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc "The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"] in ''The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey'' (2008) by Ronald Roberson, on the CNEWA website.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]<br />
<br />
[[el:Εκκλησία της Εσθονίας]]<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat œcuménique)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Estoniei]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Moscow_Patriarchate)&diff=104690Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)2011-10-29T22:23:40Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{diocese|<br />
name=Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate|<br />
jurisdiction=[[Church of Russia|Russia]]|<br />
type=Semi-autonomous|<br />
founded=1945|<br />
bishop=[[Cornelius (Yacobs) of Tallinn|Cornelius (Yacobs)]]|<br />
see=Tallinn|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Estonia|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], Estonian|<br />
music=[[Russian Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=170,000<ref>[http://www.orthodox.ee/index.php?d=novost&myID=520 Communique of the Department of External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate concerning the ordination of bishops for the so-called Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church (Russian)]</ref>|<br />
website=[http://www.orthodox.ee/ Official website]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate''' (Estonian: Moskva Patriarhaadi Eesti Őigeusu Kirik, Russian: Эстонская Православная Церковь Московского Патриархата) is a semi-autonomous part of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] with jurisdiction in Estonia. Its current primate is [[Cornelius (Yacobs) of Tallinn|Cornelius (Yacobs)]], with the title of ''Metropolitan of Tallinn and all Estonia''.<br />
<br />
The Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)|Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church]], an autonomous part of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]] in Estonia. The [[Russian Orthodox Church]] does not recognize the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church, and its establishment in 1996 led to rupture of communion between the Moscow and Constantinople Patriarchates. Though communion was restored, relations between the two Patriarchates remain tense over the Estonian issue. In particular, the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church ruled in 2000 that the Moscow Patriarchate will not participate in any pan-Orthodox gathering where delegates from the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church are present.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 1917, the vicariate of Revel (the historical name of Tallinn, the current Estonian capital), was established within the [[diocese]] of Riga. In 1920, the Holy Synod of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] decided to establish the autonomous Estonian Orthodox Church on the territory of the independent state of Estonia. The Russian Orthodox Church confirmed the autonomous status of the Estonian Orthodox Church in 1993.<br />
<br />
==Estonian Orthodoxy today==<br />
The Estonian Orthodox Church today consists of 31 parishes, served by 40 priests and 16 deacons, and one convent.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/81243.html Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate]</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.ee/ Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Estonia&diff=104689Estonia2011-10-29T22:22:17Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Church of Estonia''' could refer to one of two distinct entities:<br />
<br />
* The [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)|Orthodox Church of Estonia]], an autonomous entity under the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]]<br />
* The [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|Estonian Orthodox Church]], an autonomous entity under the [[Church of Russia]]<br />
<br />
{{disambig}}</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=104688Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2011-10-29T22:20:28Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=The Orthodox Church of Estonia|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]]|<br />
population=28,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Orthodox Church of Estonia''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Its official name in English is the '''Orthodox Church of Estonia'''.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
This autonomous church should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|church of the similar name]] which is an [[exarchate]] of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Orthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to [[Pskov]], in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox [[congregation]] in Estonia was in 1030 in Tartu. Around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians erected a fortress named Tarbatu. In 1030 the Kievan prince, Jaroslav the Wise, raided Tarbatu and built his own fort in this place as well as the congregation in a [[cathedral]] dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who [[martyr]]ed their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian [[clergy]]. The St. [[Alexander Nevsky]] Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pühtitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and installed as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:AlexeyII.jpg|right|thumb|125px|Patr. [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II of Moscow]]]]<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc "The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"] in ''The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey'' (2008) by Ronald Roberson, on the CNEWA website.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]<br />
<br />
[[el:Εκκλησία της Εσθονίας]]<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat œcuménique)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Estoniei]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=104687Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2011-10-29T22:19:21Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=The Orthodox Church of Estonia|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]]|<br />
population=20,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Orthodox Church of Estonia''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Its official name in English is the '''Orthodox Church of Estonia'''.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
This autonomous church should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|church of the similar name]] which is an [[exarchate]] of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Orthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to [[Pskov]], in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox [[congregation]] in Estonia was in 1030 in Tartu. Around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians erected a fortress named Tarbatu. In 1030 the Kievan prince, Jaroslav the Wise, raided Tarbatu and built his own fort in this place as well as the congregation in a [[cathedral]] dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who [[martyr]]ed their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian [[clergy]]. The St. [[Alexander Nevsky]] Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pühtitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and installed as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:AlexeyII.jpg|right|thumb|125px|Patr. [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II of Moscow]]]]<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc "The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"] in ''The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey'' (2008) by Ronald Roberson, on the CNEWA website.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]<br />
<br />
[[el:Εκκλησία της Εσθονίας]]<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat œcuménique)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Estoniei]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=104686Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2011-10-29T22:18:20Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=The Orthodox Church of Estonia|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]]|<br />
population=20,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Orthodox Church of Estonia''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Its official name in English is the '''Orthodox Church of Estonia'''.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
This autonomous church should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)|church of the same name]] which is an [[exarchate]] of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Orthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to [[Pskov]], in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox [[congregation]] in Estonia was in 1030 in Tartu. Around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians erected a fortress named Tarbatu. In 1030 the Kievan prince, Jaroslav the Wise, raided Tarbatu and built his own fort in this place as well as the congregation in a [[cathedral]] dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who [[martyr]]ed their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian [[clergy]]. The St. [[Alexander Nevsky]] Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pühtitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and installed as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:AlexeyII.jpg|right|thumb|125px|Patr. [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II of Moscow]]]]<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=33&IndexView=toc "The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"] in ''The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey'' (2008) by Ronald Roberson, on the CNEWA website.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]<br />
<br />
[[el:Εκκλησία της Εσθονίας]]<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat œcuménique)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Estoniei]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Moscow_Patriarchate)&diff=104685Church of Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)2011-10-29T22:15:04Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{diocese|<br />
name=Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate|<br />
jurisdiction=[[Church of Russia|Russia]]|<br />
type=Semi-autonomous|<br />
founded=1920|<br />
bishop=[[Cornelius (Yacobs) of Tallinn|Cornelius (Yacobs)]]|<br />
see=Tallinn|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Estonia|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], Estonian|<br />
music=[[Russian Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=170,000<ref>[http://www.orthodox.ee/index.php?d=novost&myID=520 Communique of the Department of External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate concerning the ordination of bishops for the so-called Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church (Russian)]</ref>|<br />
website=[http://www.orthodox.ee/ Official website]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate''' (Estonian: Moskva Patriarhaadi Eesti Őigeusu Kirik, Russian: Эстонская Православная Церковь Московского Патриархата) is a semi-autonomous part of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] with jurisdiction in Estonia. Its current primate is [[Cornelius (Yacobs) of Tallinn|Cornelius (Yacobs)]], with the title of ''Metropolitan of Tallinn and all Estonia''.<br />
<br />
The Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate should not be confused with the [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)|Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church]], an autonomous part of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]] in Estonia. The [[Russian Orthodox Church]] does not recognize the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church, and its establishment in 1996 led to rupture of communion between the Moscow and Constantinople Patriarchates. Though communion was restored, relations between the two Patriarchates remain tense over the Estonian issue. In particular, the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church ruled in 2000 that the Moscow Patriarchate will not participate in any pan-Orthodox gathering where delegates from the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church are present.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 1917, the vicariate of Revel (the historical name of Tallinn, the current Estonian capital), was established within the [[diocese]] of Riga. In 1920, the Holy Synod of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] decided to establish the autonomous Estonian Orthodox Church on the territory of the independent state of Estonia. The Russian Orthodox Church confirmed the autonomous status of the Estonian Orthodox Church in 1993.<br />
<br />
==Estonian Orthodoxy today==<br />
The Estonian Orthodox Church today consists of 31 parishes, served by 40 priests and 16 deacons, and one convent.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/81243.html Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate]</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.ee/ Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Estonie (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Paschal_greeting&diff=25966Paschal greeting2006-02-04T12:19:51Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Pascha.jpg|right|frame|The Resurrection of Christ]]<br />
The '''Paschal greeting''' is a custom among Orthodox Christians, consisting of a greeting and response. Instead of "hello" or its equivalent, one is to greet another person with "Christ is Risen!" The response is "Indeed, He is Risen!" (or "Truly, He is risen!"). This greeting is used during liturgical services and informally at other times, starting with the [[feast]] of [[Pascha]] and lasting until [[Ascension]], the period known as ''Paschaltide''.<br />
<br />
In practice, this custom is usually restricted in use with people that one already knows are Orthodox. In some cultures (e.g., in Russia), it was also customary to exchange a triple kiss after the greeting. It is not uncommon for Orthodox Christians to compile lists of the greeting as it is used around the world, as an act of Orthodox unity across languages and cultures.<br />
<br />
<br />
==The Paschal greeting around the world==<br />
*Indo-European languages<br />
**Germanic languages<br />
***West Germanic languages<br />
****Anglic languages<br />
*****English - Christ is Risen! Indeed, He is Risen!<br />
******Old English (Anglo-Saxon) - Crist aras! Crist sodhlice aras! (Lit: Christ arose! Christ surely arose!)<br />
******Middle English - Crist is arisen! Arisen he sothe!<br />
*****Iyaric Patwa - Krestos a uprisin! Seen, him a uprisin fe tru!<br />
****Frisian - Kristus is opstien! Wis is er opstien!<br />
****High German<br />
*****German - Christus ist auferstanden! Er ist wahrhaftig auferstanden!<br />
*****Yiddish - Der Meschiache undzer iz geshtanen! Avade er iz ufgeshtanen!<br />
****Low German<br />
*****Dutch - Christus is opgestaan! Hij is waarlijk opgestaan!<br />
*****Afrikaans - Kristus het opgestaan! Hom het waarlik opgestaan!<br />
***North Germanic languages<br />
****Danish - Kristus er opstanden! Sandelig Han er Opstanden!<br />
****Icelandic - Kristur er upprisinn! Hann er vissulega upprisinn!<br />
****Norwegian - Kristus er oppstanden! Han er sannelig oppstanden!<br />
****Swedish - Kristus är uppstånden! Ja, Han är verkligen uppstånden!<br />
**Italic languages<br />
***Latin - Christus resurrexit! Resurrexit vere!<br />
***Romance languages<br />
****Italian - Cristo è risorto! È veramente risorto!<br />
****Catalan - Crist ha ressuscitat! Veritablement ha ressuscitat!<br />
****French - Le Christ est ressuscité! Vraiment Il est ressuscité!<br />
****Portuguese - Cristo ressuscitou! Verdadeiramente ressuscitou!<br />
****Romanian - Hristos a înviat! Adev&#259;rat a înviat!<br />
****Spanish - Cristo ha resucitado! Verdaderamente, ha resucitado!<br />
**Slavic languages<br />
***Church Slavonic - (Christos Voskrese! Voistinu Voskrese!)<br />
***East<br />
****Russian - &#1061;&#1088;&#1080;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086;&#1089; &#1042;&#1086;&#1089;&#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;&#1077;! &#1042;&#1086;&#1080;&#1089;&#1090;&#1080;&#1085;&#1091; &#1042;&#1086;&#1089;&#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;&#1077;! (Christos Voskrese! Voistinu Voskrese!)<br />
****Belarusian - &#1061;&#1088;&#1099;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086;&#1089; &#1091;&#1074;&#1072;&#1089;&#1082;&#1088;&#1086;&#1089;! &#1057;&#1072;&#1087;&#1088;&#1072;&#1118;&#1076;&#1099; &#1118;&#1074;&#1072;&#1089;&#1082;&#1088;&#1086;&#1089;! (Khrystos Uvaskros! Saprawdy Wvaskros!) <br />
****Ukrainian - &#1061;&#1088;&#1080;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086;&#1089; &#1042;&#1086;&#1089;&#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;! &#1042;&#1086;&#1110;&#1089;&#1090;&#1080;&#1085;&#1091; &#1042;&#1086;&#1089;&#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;! (Christos Voskres! Voistinu Voskres!)<br />
***South<br />
****Bulgarian - &#1061;&#1088;&#1080;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086;&#1089; &#1042;&#1086;&#1079;&#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;&#1077;! &#1042;&#1086;&#1080;&#1089;&#1090;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072; &#1042;&#1086;&#1079;&#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;&#1077;! (Christos Vozkrese! Voistina Vozkrese!)<br />
****Serbian - &#1061;&#1088;&#1080;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086;&#1089; &#1042;&#1086;&#1089;&#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;&#1077;! &#1042;&#1072;&#1080;&#1089;&#1090;&#1080;&#1085;&#1091; &#1042;&#1086;&#1089;&#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;&#1077;! (Christos Voskrese! Vaistinu Voskrese!)<br />
***West<br />
****Czech - Kristus Vstal A Mrtvych! Opravdi Vstoupil!<br />
****Slovak - Kristus vstal zm&#341;tvych! Skuto&#269;ne vstal!<br />
****Polish - Chrystus Zmartwychwsta&#322;! Prawdziwie Zmartwychwsta&#322;!<br />
**Baltic languages<br />
***Lithuanian - Kristus prisik&#279;l&#279;! Tikrai prisik&#279;l&#279;!<br />
**Celtic languages<br />
***Goidelic languages<br />
****Old Irish - Asréracht Críst! Asréracht Hé-som co dearb!<br />
****Irish - Tá Críost éirithe! Go deimhin, tá sé éirithe!<br />
****Manx - Taw Creest Ereen! Taw Shay Ereen Guhdyne!<br />
****Scots Gaelic - Tha Crìosd air èiridh! Gu dearbh, tha e air èiridh!<br />
***Brythonic languages<br />
****Breton - Dassoret eo Krist! E wirionez dassoret eo!<br />
****Welsh - Atgyfododd Crist! Yn wir atgyfododd!<br />
**Indo-Iranian languages<br />
***Indic languages<br />
****Sanskrit - (Kristo'pastitaha! Satvam Upastitaha!)<br />
****Southern Zone<br />
*****Marathi - (Yeshu Khrist uthla ahe! Kharokhar uthla ahe!)<br />
**Albanian (Tosk) - Krishti u ngjall! Vërtet u ngjall!<br />
**Armenian - &#1364;&#1408;&#1387;&#1405;&#1407;&#1400;&#1405; &#1397;&#1377;&#1408;&#1381;&#1377;&#1410; &#1387; &#1396;&#1381;&#1404;&#1381;&#1388;&#1400;&#1409;&#1372; &#1365;&#1408;&#1392;&#1398;&#1381;&#1377;&#1388; &#1383; &#1397;&#1377;&#1397;&#1407;&#1398;&#1400;&#1410;&#1385;&#1387;&#1410;&#1398;&#1398; &#1364;&#1408;&#1387;&#1405;&#1407;&#1400;&#1405;&#1387;&#1372; (Christos harjav i merelotz! Orhniale harutjun Christosi! -- Christ is risen! Blessed is the resurrection of Christ!)<br />
**Greek - &#935;&#961;&#953;&#963;&#964;&#959;&#962; A&#957;&#949;&#963;&#964;&#951;! A&#955;&#951;&#952;&#969;&#962; A&#957;&#949;&#963;&#964;&#951;! (Christos Anesti! Aleithos Anesti!)<br />
*Altaic languages<br />
**Turkish - Hristós diril-Dí! Hakíkatén diril-Dí!<br />
*Austronesian languages<br />
**Malayo-Polynesian<br />
***Western<br />
****Chamorro - La'la'i i Kristo! Magahet na luma'la' i Kristo!<br />
****Filipino (Tagalog) - Si Cristo ay nabuhay! Siya nga ay nabuhay!<br />
****Indonesian - Kr</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=List_of_autocephalous_and_autonomous_churches&diff=24979List of autocephalous and autonomous churches2006-01-11T20:11:08Z<p>Heauskne: /* Autonomous churches */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{churches}}<br />
<br />
The '''[[autocephaly|autocephalous]] and [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox churches''' are those churches which have self-government.<br />
<br />
There is not currently unanimous agreement on which churches are autocephalous or autonomous. There is, however, an order which is followed in international Inter-Orthodox gatherings, which is included here first. There is an expanded order which is recognized by some churches, most notably the [[Church of Russia]] and its dependencies and historical daughter churches. Despite the disagreement on which churches have autocephalous or autonomous status, all these churches maintain [[full communion]] with one another.<br />
<br />
==Inter-Orthodox order==<br />
===Autocephalous churches===<br />
*[[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]<br />
*[[Church of Alexandria|Patriarchate of Alexandria]]<br />
*[[Church of Antioch|Patriarchate of Antioch]]<br />
*[[Church of Jerusalem|Patriarchate of Jerusalem]]<br />
*[[Church of Russia|Patriarchate of Moscow]]<br />
*[[Church of Serbia|Patriarchate of Serbia]]<br />
*[[Church of Romania|Patriarchate of Romania]]<br />
*[[Church of Bulgaria|Patriarchate of Bulgaria]]<br />
*[[Church of Georgia|Patriarchate of Georgia]]<br />
*[[Church of Cyprus]]<br />
*[[Church of Greece]]<br />
*[[Church of Poland]]<br />
*[[Church of Albania]]<br />
*[[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia]]<br />
<br />
===Autonomous churches===<br />
*[[Church of Sinai]]<br />
*[[Church of Finland]]<br />
*[[Church of Estonia]]<br />
<br />
==Expanded order==<br />
===Autocephalous churches===<br />
*[[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]<br />
*[[Church of Alexandria|Patriarchate of Alexandria]]<br />
*[[Church of Antioch|Patriarchate of Antioch]]<br />
*[[Church of Jerusalem|Patriarchate of Jerusalem]]<br />
*[[Church of Russia|Patriarchate of Moscow]]<br />
*[[Church of Serbia|Patriarchate of Serbia]]<br />
*[[Church of Romania|Patriarchate of Romania]]<br />
*[[Church of Bulgaria|Patriarchate of Bulgaria]]<br />
*[[Church of Georgia|Patriarchate of Georgia]]<br />
*[[Church of Cyprus]]<br />
*[[Church of Greece]]<br />
*[[Church of Poland]]<br />
*[[Church of Albania]]<br />
*[[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia]]<br />
*[[Orthodox Church in America]] (autocephaly recognized only by Moscow, Bulgaria, Georgia, Poland, and the Czech Lands and Slovakia)<br />
<br />
===Autonomous churches===<br />
*[[Church of Sinai]]<br />
*[[Church of Finland]]<br />
*[[Church of Estonia]] (autonomy recognized by Constantinople but not Moscow)<br />
*[[Church of Japan]] (autonomy recognized by Moscow but not Constantinople)<br />
*[[Church of China]] (virtually non-existent, autonomy recognized by Moscow but not Constantinople)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine]] (autonomy recognized by Moscow but not Constantinople)<br />
<br />
==Formerly independent churches==<br />
These churches were either formerly autocephalous or autonomous, or in some cases no longer exist.<br />
<br />
*[[Church of Carthage]]<br />
*[[Church of Latvia]]<br />
*[[Church of Lithuania]]<br />
<br />
==Unrecognized independent churches==<br />
The following churches are variously unrecognized by the mainstream churches as independent and/or canonical.<br />
<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]]<br />
*[[Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Montenegrin Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Autocephaly]]<br />
*[[Autonomy]]<br />
*[[List of Patriarchs]]<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'' (ISBN 0631232036)<br />
*Fitzgerald, Thomas E. ''The Orthodox Church''. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998, p. 151.<br />
*[http://www.oca.org/OCworldindex.asp?SID=2 World Orthodox Churches], from the [[OCA]] website<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|*]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=24964Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2006-01-11T17:56:27Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=Estonian Orthodox Church|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|<br />
population=20,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Estonian Orthodox Church''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]].<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Orthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to Pskov, in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox congregation in Estonia was in 1030 in Tartu. Ca 600 AD On the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians erected a fortress - Tarbatu. In 1030 The Kievan prince, Jaroslav the Wise, raids Tarbatu and builds his own fort in this place as well as the congregation in a cathedral dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who martyred their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian clergy. The St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pukhitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was ordained Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and ordained as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents&mdash;in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:AlexeyII.jpg|right|thumb|125px|Patr. [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II of Moscow]]]]<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambides)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33 The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Estonian Orthodox Church - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=24963Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2006-01-11T17:45:29Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tallinn.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Churches in Tallinn, capital of Estonia]]<br />
{{church|<br />
name=Estonian Orthodox Church|<br />
founder=&mdash;|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Republic of Estonia|<br />
possessions=&mdash;|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=[[Byzantine chant|Byzantine]] and [[Estonian chant|Estonian]]|<br />
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|<br />
population=20,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/ Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Constantinople]].<br />
<br />
The current primate of the church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Ortthodox missionaries were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to Pskov, in the 10th through 12th centuries. The first mention of an Orthodox congregation in Estonia was in 1030, when Yuryev (or Tartu) was founded as a Russian trading center around a cathedral dedicated to St. [[George the Trophy-bearer]]. Orthodox Christians were later expelled from the city by the Germans in 1472, who martyred their [[priest]], Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on [[January 8]]).<br />
<br />
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many [[Old Believers]] fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch [[Nikon of Moscow]].<br />
<br />
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire, having been conquered by Tsar [[Peter the Great]]. A large number of Estonians, particularly rural people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the [[Church of Russia]] and many Estonian Orthodox believers included. In the late 19th century, a wave of [[Russification]] was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by local Estonian clergy. The St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pukhitsa Dormition [[Stavropigial|Stavropegic]] Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia were also built around this time.<br />
<br />
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was ordained Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Two years later, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon and his [[deacon]] for political reasons. 81 years later, in 2000, Bp. Platon was [[glorification|proclaimed a saint]] by the Churches of Constantinople and Russia, commemorated on [[January 14]].<br />
<br />
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]], in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and ordained as the head of the Estonian church. In 1923 Abp. Aleksander turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive [[autonomy]].<br />
<br />
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the 16th century occupation of Estonia by Sweden) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a [[monastery]] in Petseri, two convents&mdash;in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a [[seminary]] in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the [[primate]] of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksandr established his community as an [[exarchate]] under Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church organized from Sweden.<br />
<br />
[[Image:AlexeyII.jpg|right|thumb|125px|Patr. [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II of Moscow]]]]<br />
[[Image:Ecum. Patriarch Bartholomew.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]]]<br />
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on [[February 20]], 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]] renewed the [[tomos]] granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This action brought immediate protest from Patriarch [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexei II]] of the Moscow Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory, and the Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the [[diptychs]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|125px|right|thumb|Metr. [[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambites)]]]]<br />
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 14% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful remaining under Moscow. As of a government report of November 2003, about 20,000 believers in 60 parishes are part of the autonomous church, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of Pukhitsa, paying allegiance to Moscow.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the church gained a resident hierarch (it had been under the Archbishop of [[Church of Finland|Finland]] as ''[[locum tenens]]''), Metropolitan [[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Stephanos (Charalambites)]], who had formerly been an [[auxiliary bishop]] under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 183-4<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33 The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.eoc.ee/ Estonian Orthodox Church - Official Site]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxa.org/ Orthodox Estonia]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Stephanos_(Charalambides)_of_Tallinn&diff=24962Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn2006-01-11T17:35:06Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Stefanos of Tallinn.jpg|frame|right|Metropolitan Stephanos of Tallinn and All Estonia]]<br />
His Eminence [[Metropolitan]] '''Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn''' and All Estonia is the current [[primate]] of the [[autonomous]] [[Church of Estonia]]. He has held this position since 1999.<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?<!-- Kornilii 1990 consecrated, listed Archbishop of Tallinn and All Estonia at the Orthodox Research Institute - I think this was the seat under Moscow --->|<br />
title=[[Church of Estonia|Metropolitan of Tallinn]]|<br />
years=1999-present|<br />
after=&mdash;}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/constantinople/estonia/current.htm#stephanos_charalambites_metr_tallinn His Eminence Stephanos] at the Orthodox Research Institute<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bishops]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=24942Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2006-01-11T08:58:59Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name=Estonian Orthodox Church|<br />
founder=—|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Estonia|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=traditions of Byzantine and Estonia<br />
number of parishes=60[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.eoc.ee/index.html Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Estonian Orthodox Church''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the Church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<b>1030</b> – The first mention of Orthodox congregations in Estonia. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>17 th- 18 th centuries</b> – The Old Believers fled from Russia to Estonia to avoid the changes in the Orthodox Church and persecution by the officials. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1850</b> – The Riga Diocese was established and Estonian Orthodox believers were also included. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>18th-19th centuries</b> – Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire. A large number of Estonians, particularly country people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. <br />
<br />
<br />
The end of the 19th century – A wave of Russification supported by the Orthodox Church (but not by most of the Estonian clergy). Building of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pukhtitsa Dormition Stavropegic Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1917</b> – The first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was ordained Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Later in 1919, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon for political reasons. (In 2000, Bishop Platon was declared as a saint both by the Patriarchy of Constantinople and the Moscow Patriarchy.) <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1920</b> – After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, Tikhon, recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and ordained for life as the head of the OCE. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1923</b> – Archbishop Aleksander Paulus turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive autonomy. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Until 1941</b> – One-fifth of the total Estonian population was Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. <br />
There were 158 parishes in Estonia, 183 clerics in the OCE. There was a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a monastery in Petseri, two convents – in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a seminary in Petseri. <br />
<br />
The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1940-1945</b> – In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. In 1945, an authorised representative of the Patriarchy of Moscow dismissed the members of the OCE Synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation – the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were now subordinated to a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church. <br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944, the Head of the Church, Metropolitan Aleksander went into exile, along with 21 clergymen and about 8 thousand Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with Synod in Sweden continued its activity by the Statute until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1993</b> – The Synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1996</b> – Bartholomeos, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, renewed the tomos granted to the OCE in 1923 by which the OCE restored its canonical subordination to the Patriarchy of Constantinople. <br />
<br />
<br />
The Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) is an autonomous Church i.e. a local independent Orthodox Church. It has existed in Estonia as such since it was given autonomy by the Ecumenical Patriarchy of Constantinople in 1923. It was dissolved during the Stalinist occupation in 1945 and was restored legally in 1993 and canonically in 1996.<br />
<br />
== Estonian Orthodoxy Today ==<br />
<br />
== Church structure ==<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.eoc.ee/index.html Estonian Orthodox Church - Official Site]<br />
* [http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33 The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=24940Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2006-01-11T08:53:45Z<p>Heauskne: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name=Estonian Orthodox Church|<br />
founder=—|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Estonia|<br />
possessions=—|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=—|<br />
calendar=—|<br />
population=20,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.orthodoxa.org/index.html Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Estonian Orthodox Church''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the Church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<b>1030</b> – The first mention of Orthodox congregations in Estonia. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>17 th- 18 th centuries</b> – The Old Believers fled from Russia to Estonia to avoid the changes in the Orthodox Church and persecution by the officials. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1850</b> – The Riga Diocese was established and Estonian Orthodox believers were also included. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>18th-19th centuries</b> – Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire. A large number of Estonians, particularly country people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. <br />
<br />
<br />
The end of the 19th century – A wave of Russification supported by the Orthodox Church (but not by most of the Estonian clergy). Building of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pukhtitsa Dormition Stavropegic Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1917</b> – The first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was ordained Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Later in 1919, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon for political reasons. (In 2000, Bishop Platon was declared as a saint both by the Patriarchy of Constantinople and the Moscow Patriarchy.) <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1920</b> – After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, Tikhon, recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and ordained for life as the head of the OCE. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1923</b> – Archbishop Aleksander Paulus turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive autonomy. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Until 1941</b> – One-fifth of the total Estonian population was Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. <br />
There were 158 parishes in Estonia, 183 clerics in the OCE. There was a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a monastery in Petseri, two convents – in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a seminary in Petseri. <br />
<br />
The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1940-1945</b> – In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. In 1945, an authorised representative of the Patriarchy of Moscow dismissed the members of the OCE Synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation – the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were now subordinated to a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church. <br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944, the Head of the Church, Metropolitan Aleksander went into exile, along with 21 clergymen and about 8 thousand Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with Synod in Sweden continued its activity by the Statute until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1993</b> – The Synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1996</b> – Bartholomeos, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, renewed the tomos granted to the OCE in 1923 by which the OCE restored its canonical subordination to the Patriarchy of Constantinople. <br />
<br />
<br />
The Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) is an autonomous Church i.e. a local independent Orthodox Church. It has existed in Estonia as such since it was given autonomy by the Ecumenical Patriarchy of Constantinople in 1923. It was dissolved during the Stalinist occupation in 1945 and was restored legally in 1993 and canonically in 1996.<br />
<br />
== Estonian Orthodoxy Today ==<br />
<br />
== Church structure ==<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.orthodoxa.org/index.html Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
* [http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33 The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=24938Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2006-01-11T08:49:14Z<p>Heauskne: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name=Estonian Orthodox Church|<br />
founder=—|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Estonia|<br />
possessions=—|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=—|<br />
calendar=—|<br />
population=20,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.orthodoxa.org/index.html Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Estonian Orthodox Church''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the Church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
1030 – The first mention of Orthodox congregations in Estonia. <br />
<br />
<br />
17 th- 18 th centuries – The Old Believers fled from Russia to Estonia to avoid the changes in the Orthodox Church and persecution by the officials. <br />
<br />
<br />
1850 – The Riga Diocese was established and Estonian Orthodox believers were also included. <br />
<br />
<br />
18th-19th centuries – Estonia was a part of the Tsarist Russian Empire. A large number of Estonians, particularly country people, were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land. Numerous Orthodox churches were built. <br />
<br />
<br />
The end of the 19th century – A wave of Russification supported by the Orthodox Church (but not by most of the Estonian clergy). Building of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tallinn and the Pukhtitsa Dormition Stavropegic Convent (Kuremäe) in East Estonia. <br />
<br />
<br />
1917 – The first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was ordained Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn. Later in 1919, the Bolsheviks murdered Platon for political reasons. (In 2000, Bishop Platon was declared as a saint both by the Patriarchy of Constantinople and the Moscow Patriarchy.) <br />
<br />
<br />
1920 – After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, Tikhon, recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent. Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and ordained for life as the head of the OCE. <br />
<br />
<br />
1923 – Archbishop Aleksander Paulus turned to the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive canonical recognition. The same year the OCE was canonically subordinated to the Patriarchy of Constantinople and gained extensive autonomy. <br />
<br />
<br />
Until 1941 – One-fifth of the total Estonian population was Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople. <br />
There were 158 parishes in Estonia, 183 clerics in the OCE. There was a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu. There was a monastery in Petseri, two convents – in Narva and Kuremäe, a priory in Tallinn and a seminary in Petseri. <br />
<br />
The ancient monastery in Petseri (Pechory, which used to belong to the Estonian Republic, now belongs to Russia) was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia. <br />
<br />
<br />
1940-1945 – In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. In 1945, an authorised representative of the Patriarchy of Moscow dismissed the members of the OCE Synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation – the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were now subordinated to a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church. <br />
<br />
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944, the Head of the Church, Metropolitan Aleksander went into exile, along with 21 clergymen and about 8 thousand Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with Synod in Sweden continued its activity by the Statute until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991. <br />
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<br />
1993 – The Synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia. <br />
<br />
<br />
1996 – Bartholomeos, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, renewed the tomos granted to the OCE in 1923 by which the OCE restored its canonical subordination to the Patriarchy of Constantinople. <br />
<br />
<br />
The Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) is an autonomous Church i.e. a local independent Orthodox Church. It has existed in Estonia as such since it was given autonomy by the Ecumenical Patriarchy of Constantinople in 1923. It was dissolved during the Stalinist occupation in 1945 and was restored legally in 1993 and canonically in 1996.<br />
<br />
== Estonian Orthodoxy Today ==<br />
<br />
== Church structure ==<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.orthodoxa.org/index.html Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
* [http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33 The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Estonia_(Ecumenical_Patriarchate)&diff=24937Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)2006-01-11T08:42:36Z<p>Heauskne: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name=Estonian Orthodox Church|<br />
founder=—|<br />
independence=1917|<br />
recognition=1923, 1996 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|<br />
primate=[[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Metr. Stephanos]]|<br />
hq=Tallinn, Estonia|<br />
territory=Estonia|<br />
possessions=—|<br />
language=Estonian|<br />
music=—|<br />
calendar=—|<br />
population=20,000[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33]|<br />
website=[http://www.orthodoxa.org/index.html Church of Estonia]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Estonia''' or '''Estonian Orthodox Church''' ('''Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik''') is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church.<br />
<br />
The current primate of the Church is His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambites) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], [[Metropolitan]] of Tallinn and all Estonia (elected 1999).<br />
<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
== Estonian Orthodoxy Today ==<br />
<br />
== Church structure ==<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.orthodoxa.org/index.html Orthodox Church of Estonia - Official Site]<br />
* [http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=33 The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Estonia]]</div>Heausknehttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=List_of_autocephalous_and_autonomous_churches&diff=24935List of autocephalous and autonomous churches2006-01-11T08:37:19Z<p>Heauskne: /* Expanded order */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{churches}}<br />
<br />
The '''[[autocephaly|autocephalous]] and [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox churches''' are those churches which have self-government.<br />
<br />
There is not currently unanimous agreement on which churches are autocephalous or autonomous. There is, however, an order which is followed in international Inter-Orthodox gatherings, which is included here first. There is an expanded order which is recognized by some churches, most notably the [[Church of Russia]] and its dependencies and historical daughter churches. Despite the disagreement on which churches have autocephalous or autonomous status, all these churches maintain [[full communion]] with one another.<br />
<br />
==Inter-Orthodox order==<br />
===Autocephalous churches===<br />
*[[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]<br />
*[[Church of Alexandria|Patriarchate of Alexandria]]<br />
*[[Church of Antioch|Patriarchate of Antioch]]<br />
*[[Church of Jerusalem|Patriarchate of Jerusalem]]<br />
*[[Church of Russia|Patriarchate of Moscow]]<br />
*[[Church of Serbia|Patriarchate of Serbia]]<br />
*[[Church of Romania|Patriarchate of Romania]]<br />
*[[Church of Bulgaria|Patriarchate of Bulgaria]]<br />
*[[Church of Georgia|Patriarchate of Georgia]]<br />
*[[Church of Cyprus]]<br />
*[[Church of Greece]]<br />
*[[Church of Poland]]<br />
*[[Church of Albania]]<br />
*[[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia]]<br />
<br />
===Autonomous churches===<br />
*[[Church of Sinai]]<br />
*[[Church of Finland]]<br />
<br />
==Expanded order==<br />
===Autocephalous churches===<br />
*[[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]<br />
*[[Church of Alexandria|Patriarchate of Alexandria]]<br />
*[[Church of Antioch|Patriarchate of Antioch]]<br />
*[[Church of Jerusalem|Patriarchate of Jerusalem]]<br />
*[[Church of Russia|Patriarchate of Moscow]]<br />
*[[Church of Serbia|Patriarchate of Serbia]]<br />
*[[Church of Romania|Patriarchate of Romania]]<br />
*[[Church of Bulgaria|Patriarchate of Bulgaria]]<br />
*[[Church of Georgia|Patriarchate of Georgia]]<br />
*[[Church of Cyprus]]<br />
*[[Church of Greece]]<br />
*[[Church of Poland]]<br />
*[[Church of Albania]]<br />
*[[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia]]<br />
*[[Orthodox Church in America]] (autocephaly recognized only by Moscow, Bulgaria, Georgia, Poland, and the Czech Lands and Slovakia)<br />
<br />
===Autonomous churches===<br />
*[[Church of Sinai]]<br />
*[[Church of Finland]]<br />
*[[Church of Estonia]] <br />
*[[Church of Japan]] (autonomy recognized by Moscow but not Constantinople)<br />
*[[Church of China]] (virtually non-existent, autonomy recognized by Moscow but not Constantinople)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine]] (autonomy recognized by Moscow but not Constantinople)<br />
<br />
==Formerly independent churches==<br />
These churches were either formerly autocephalous or autonomous, or in some cases no longer exist.<br />
<br />
*[[Church of Carthage]]<br />
*[[Church of Latvia]]<br />
*[[Church of Lithuania]]<br />
<br />
==Unrecognized independent churches==<br />
The following churches are variously unrecognized by the mainstream churches as independent and/or canonical.<br />
<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]]<br />
*[[Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Montenegrin Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Autocephaly]]<br />
*[[Autonomy]]<br />
*[[List of Patriarchs]]<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'' (ISBN 0631232036)<br />
*Fitzgerald, Thomas E. ''The Orthodox Church''. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998, p. 151.<br />
*[http://www.oca.org/OCworldindex.asp?SID=2 World Orthodox Churches], from the [[OCA]] website<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|*]]</div>Heauskne