Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Church History (Modern Era (1821-1917))"

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*1829 Treaty of Adrianople ends Greek War of Independence, culminating in the creation of the modern Greek state.   
 
*1829 Treaty of Adrianople ends Greek War of Independence, culminating in the creation of the modern Greek state.   
 
*ca. 1830 [[Slavophile movement]] begins in Russia.   
 
*ca. 1830 [[Slavophile movement]] begins in Russia.   
*1831 Return of 3,000,000 [[Uniate]]s with the [[Orthodox Church]] at Vilnius in 1831.   
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*1831 Return of 3,000,000 [[Uniate]]s to the [[Orthodox Church]] at Vilnius in 1831.   
 
*1832 [[Church of Serbia]] becomes ''de facto'' [[autocephaly|autocephalous]].   
 
*1832 [[Church of Serbia]] becomes ''de facto'' [[autocephaly|autocephalous]].   
 
*1833 [[Church of Greece]] declares [[autocephaly]], making it independent of the [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]; death of [[Seraphim of Sarov]].   
 
*1833 [[Church of Greece]] declares [[autocephaly]], making it independent of the [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]; death of [[Seraphim of Sarov]].   
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*1838 Oxford theologian Sir [[w:William Palmer (theologian)|William Palmer]] was the principal originator of the heretical [[Branch theory|Branch Theory]], in his two-volume ''Treatise on the Church of Christ.''
 
*1838 Oxford theologian Sir [[w:William Palmer (theologian)|William Palmer]] was the principal originator of the heretical [[Branch theory|Branch Theory]], in his two-volume ''Treatise on the Church of Christ.''
 
*1839 Synod of Polotsk abolishes [[Union of Brest-Litovsk]] in all areas under Russian rule as Greek Catholic dioceses in Lithuania and Belarus re-enter the Orthodox Church (with the exception of the eparchy of Chelm, in Polish territory, which was itself integrated into the Russian Orthodox Church in 1875).   
 
*1839 Synod of Polotsk abolishes [[Union of Brest-Litovsk]] in all areas under Russian rule as Greek Catholic dioceses in Lithuania and Belarus re-enter the Orthodox Church (with the exception of the eparchy of Chelm, in Polish territory, which was itself integrated into the Russian Orthodox Church in 1875).   
*1840s Correspondence of Anglican William Palmer with [[Alexei Khomakiov]], and [[Philaret (Drozdov) of Moscow |Philaret of Moscow]] towards establishment of [[Western Rite]] church in England.   
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*1840s Correspondence of Anglican William Palmer with [[Alexei Stepanovich Khomiakov|Alexei Khomakiov]], and [[Philaret (Drozdov) of Moscow |Philaret of Moscow]] towards establishment of [[Western Rite]] church in England.   
 
*ca.1840s Emergence of the [[Neo-Byzantine architecture|Neo-Byzantine]] architectural revival style in the Russian Empire and Western Europe.
 
*ca.1840s Emergence of the [[Neo-Byzantine architecture|Neo-Byzantine]] architectural revival style in the Russian Empire and Western Europe.
 
*1843-46 Massacre of over 10,000 Assyrian Christians (''Nestorian, Jacobite, Chaldean'') in Tiyare and Hakkari, near Nineveh in Kurdistan, by Beder Khan-bey.
 
*1843-46 Massacre of over 10,000 Assyrian Christians (''Nestorian, Jacobite, Chaldean'') in Tiyare and Hakkari, near Nineveh in Kurdistan, by Beder Khan-bey.
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*1858 The Russian Empire bought the [[w:Russian Compound|Russian Compound]] district in central Jerusalem (outside the walls), to offer Russian pilgrims spiritual supervision, provide assistance, and sponsor charitable and educational work among the Orthodox Arab population of Palestine and Syria.
 
*1858 The Russian Empire bought the [[w:Russian Compound|Russian Compound]] district in central Jerusalem (outside the walls), to offer Russian pilgrims spiritual supervision, provide assistance, and sponsor charitable and educational work among the Orthodox Arab population of Palestine and Syria.
 
*1859 [[w:Constantin von Tischendorf|Constantin von Tischendorf]] discovers [[w:Codex Sinaiticus|Codex Sinaiticus]] at [[St. Catherine's Monastery (Sinai)|St. Catherine's Monastery]]; Charles Darwin's ''[[w:On the Origin of Species|On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection]]'' published; Christian quarter of Damascus sacked by a Muslim mob also involving Turkish troops.     
 
*1859 [[w:Constantin von Tischendorf|Constantin von Tischendorf]] discovers [[w:Codex Sinaiticus|Codex Sinaiticus]] at [[St. Catherine's Monastery (Sinai)|St. Catherine's Monastery]]; Charles Darwin's ''[[w:On the Origin of Species|On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection]]'' published; Christian quarter of Damascus sacked by a Muslim mob also involving Turkish troops.     
*1860 Death of [[Alexei Khomiakov]], co-founder of the [[Slavophile movement]].   
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*1860 Death of [[Alexei Stepanovich Khomiakov|Alexei Khomiakov]], co-founder of the [[Slavophile movement]].   
 
*1864 First Orthodox [[parish]] established on American soil in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Greeks; death of [[Jacob Netsvetov]]; Pope Pius IX presented his [[w:Syllabus of Errors|Syllabus of Errors]].
 
*1864 First Orthodox [[parish]] established on American soil in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Greeks; death of [[Jacob Netsvetov]]; Pope Pius IX presented his [[w:Syllabus of Errors|Syllabus of Errors]].
 
*1865 [[Church of Romania]] declares its [[autocephaly|independence]] from the [[Church of Constantinople]].   
 
*1865 [[Church of Romania]] declares its [[autocephaly|independence]] from the [[Church of Constantinople]].   
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*1891 Death of [[Ambrose of Optina]].   
 
*1891 Death of [[Ambrose of Optina]].   
 
*1892 Pastoral visit of Bp. [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] to Western Rite parish in Wisconsin.   
 
*1892 Pastoral visit of Bp. [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] to Western Rite parish in Wisconsin.   
*1894 ''[[w:Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae|Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae]]'' (''on the Reunion of Christendom''), an Encyclical Letter of Pope Leo XIII promulgated on [[June 20]], called for the reunion of Eastern and Western churches into the "Unity of the Faith", while also condemning Freemasonry; criticized by Ecumenical Patriarch Anthimus VII in 1895.
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* 1894 ''[[w:Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae|Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae]]'' (''on the Reunion of Christendom''), an Encyclical Letter of Pope Leo XIII promulgated on [[June 20]], called for the reunion of Eastern and Western churches into the "Unity of the Faith", while also condemning Freemasonry; criticized by Ecumenical Patriarch Anthimus VII in 1895.
*1895 Reply of Synod of Constantinople to Pope Leo XIII.   
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* 1895 Reply of Synod of Constantinople to Pope Leo XIII.   
*1896 Pope Leo XIII issues the bull ''Apostolicae Curae'' which declares Anglican Orders "absolutely null and utterly void".     
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* 1896 Pope Leo XIII issues the bull ''Apostolicae Curae'' which declares Anglican Orders "absolutely null and utterly void".     
*1896-1906 [[w:Oxyrhynchus|Oxyrhynchus]] papyri discovered in Egypt dating from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, including portions of the New Testament.   
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* 1896-1906 [[w:Oxyrhynchus|Oxyrhynchus]] papyri discovered in Egypt dating from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, including portions of the New Testament.   
*1898 Last ethnically Greek patriarch of [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]] deposed; [[Western Rite]] diocese organized in Czechoslovakia by [[Church of Russia]]; Russia established a missionary station in [[w:Urmia|Urmia]], Iran, resulting in a group of Nestorians, headed by a bishop, being received into the communion of the Russian Orthodox Church.
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* 1898 Last ethnically Greek patriarch of [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]] deposed; [[Western Rite]] diocese organized in Czechoslovakia by [[Church of Russia]]; Russian Church established a [[Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Urmia|missionary station]] in [[w:Urmia|Urmia]], Iran, resulting in a group of Nestorians, headed by a bishop Yuhanna, being received into the communion of the Russian Orthodox Church. 29th May 1898, the foundations of the first Greek Orthodox Church on the Australian continent, the Holy Trinity, were laid in Sydney.
*1899 Restoration of Arabs to the [[Church of Antioch|Patriarchal throne of Antioch]].   
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* 1899 Restoration of Arabs to the [[Church of Antioch|Patriarchal throne of Antioch]].   
*1900 [[Martyrs of China|Martyrdom of Orthodox Christians]] in Chinese Boxer (Yihetuan Movement) Rebellion.   
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* 1900 [[Martyrs of China|Martyrdom of Orthodox Christians]] in Chinese Boxer (Yihetuan Movement) Rebellion.   
*1901 [[Evangelakia Events (Athens, 1901)|"Evangelakia" riots]] in Athens Greece in November, over translations of [[New Testament]] into [[w:Dimotiki|Demotic (modern) Greek]], resulting in fall of both government and Metropolitan of Athens.   
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* 1901 [[Evangelakia Events (Athens, 1901)|"Evangelakia" riots]] in Athens Greece in November, over translations of [[New Testament]] into [[w:Dimotiki|Demotic (modern) Greek]], resulting in fall of both government and Metropolitan of Athens.   
*1903 Uncovering of the relics of [[Seraphim of Sarov]].   
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* 1903 Uncovering of the relics of [[Seraphim of Sarov]].   
*1904 [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] publishes the [http://kainh.homestead.com/files/noteptxt.pdf "Patriarchal" Text of the Greek New Testament], based on about twenty Byzantine manuscripts; petition to Russian synod by Abp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]], Bp. [[Raphael of Brooklyn|Raphael (Hawaweeny)]], and Fr. [[John Kochurov]] to permit adaption of services taken from Anglican Book of Common Prayer for use by Orthodox people.   
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* 1904 [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] publishes the [http://kainh.homestead.com/files/noteptxt.pdf "Patriarchal" Text of the Greek New Testament], based on about twenty Byzantine manuscripts; petition to Russian synod by Abp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]], Bp. [[Raphael of Brooklyn|Raphael (Hawaweeny)]], and Fr. [[John Kochurov]] to permit adaption of services taken from Anglican Book of Common Prayer for use by Orthodox people.   
*1904-1905 German scholar and sociologist [[w:Max Weber|Max Weber]] published ''[[w:The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism|The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]],'' dealing with the [[w:Sociology of religion|Sociology of religion]] and stressing that particular characteristics of ascetic Protestantism (particularly Calvanism) influenced the development of capitalism, bureaucracy and the rational-legal state in the West.
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* 1904-1905 German scholar and sociologist [[w:Max Weber|Max Weber]] published ''[[w:The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism|The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]],'' dealing with the [[w:Sociology of religion|Sociology of religion]] and stressing that particular characteristics of ascetic Protestantism (particularly Calvanism) influenced the development of capitalism, bureaucracy and the rational-legal state in the West.
*1905 Death of [[Apostolos Makrakis]]; Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas Romanov's]] decree on freedom of religion results in about 250,000 [[w:Ruthenians|Ruthenians]] returning to [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniatism]]; seat of Russian Orthodox bishop in America moved from San Francisco to New York, as immigration from Eastern Europe and the reception of ex-[[Uniate]]s shifts the balance of Orthodox population to eastern North America.   
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* 1905 Death of [[Apostolos Makrakis]]; Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas Romanov's]] decree on freedom of religion results in about 250,000 [[w:Ruthenians|Ruthenians]] returning to [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniatism]]; seat of Russian Orthodox bishop in America moved from San Francisco to New York, as immigration from Eastern Europe and the reception of ex-[[Uniate]]s shifts the balance of Orthodox population to eastern North America.   
*1906 Rev. Henry Joy Fynes-Clinton (1875-1959) founds the [[Anglican and Eastern Churches Association]], becomes General Secretary of the Association from 1906-1920.
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* 1906 Rev. Henry Joy Fynes-Clinton (1875-1959) founds the [[Anglican and Eastern Churches Association]], becomes General Secretary of the Association from 1906-1920.
*1907 Archim. [[Eusebius Matthopoulos]] founds [[Brotherhood of Theologians Zoe|Zoe Brotherhood]]; Papal Bull ''Ea Semper'' issued, effectively subordinating Greek Catholic clergy in the United States to local Roman Catholic bishops; Commission on Anglican and Old Catholic Affairs of Russian synod reports in favor of adaptation of services from Book of Common Prayer and sets out criteria; ordination in Constantinople of first African-American Orthodox priest, the Very Rev. Fr. [[Raphael Morgan]], ''Priest-Apostolic'' to America and the West Indies.  
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* 1907 Archim. [[Eusebius Matthopoulos]] founds [[Brotherhood of Theologians Zoe|Zoe Brotherhood]]; Papal Bull ''Ea Semper'' issued, effectively subordinating Greek Catholic clergy in the United States to local Roman Catholic bishops; Commission on Anglican and Old Catholic Affairs of Russian synod reports in favor of adaptation of services from Book of Common Prayer and sets out criteria; ordination in Constantinople of first African-American Orthodox priest, the Very Rev. Fr. [[Raphael Morgan]], ''Priest-Apostolic'' to America and the West Indies.  
*1908 Fr. Nikodemos Sarikas sent to Johannesburg, Transvaal, by Ecumenical Patriarchate as first Orthodox priest there, leaving after a short time for German East Africa (later Tanzania) because of the opposition of Johannesburg Greeks to mission among Africans.   
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* 1908 Fr. [[Nikodemos Sarikas]] sent to Johannesburg, Transvaal, by Ecumenical Patriarchate as first Orthodox priest there, leaving after a short time for German East Africa (later Tanzania) because of the opposition of Johannesburg Greeks to mission among Africans.   
*1908 Death of [[John of Kronstadt]].   
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* 1908 Death of [[John of Kronstadt]].   
*1910 [[w:1910 World Missionary Conference|Edinburgh Missionary Conference]] is the formal beginning of the modern Protestant Christian ecumenical movement, a precursor to the World Council of Churches.   
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* 1910 [[w:1910 World Missionary Conference|Edinburgh Missionary Conference]] is the formal beginning of the modern Protestant Christian ecumenical movement, a precursor to the World Council of Churches.   
*1912 Death of [[Nicholas of Japan]]; [[Kyriopascha]] occurs.
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* 1912 Death of [[Nicholas of Japan]]; [[Kyriopascha]] occurs.
*1913 In a decree on August 27 the [[Church of Russia|Holy Synod of Russia]] declared the Onomatodoxy/[[w:Imiaslavie|Imiaslavie]] movement a heresy.
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* 1913 In a decree on August 27 the [[Church of Russia|Holy Synod of Russia]] declared the Onomatodoxy/[[w:Imiaslavie|Imiaslavie]] movement a heresy.
*1914 Martyrdom of Fr. [[Maxim Sandovich]], Protomartyr of the [[w:Lemkos|Lemko]] people; [[w:Christmas truce|Christmas Truce]] between British and German troops stationed along the Western Front during [[Nativity|Christmas]] 1914.
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* 1914 Martyrdom of Fr. [[Maxim Sandovich]], Protomartyr of the [[w:Lemkos|Lemko]] people; [[w:Christmas truce|Christmas Truce]] between British and German troops stationed along the Western Front during [[Nativity|Christmas]] 1914.
*1915-18 [[w:Armenian Genocide|Armenian Genocide]] in Turkey.
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* 1915-1918 [[w:Armenian Genocide|Armenian Genocide]] in Turkey.
  
 
==Notes==   
 
==Notes==   

Latest revision as of 11:36, June 24, 2013

Timeline of Church History
Eras Timeline of Church History (Abridged article)
Eras New Testament Era | Apostolic Era (33-100) | Ante-Nicene Era (100-325) | Nicene Era (325-451) | Byzantine Era (451-843) | Late Byzantine Era (843-1054) | Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453) | Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821) | Modern Era (1821-1917) | Communist Era (1917-1991) | Post-Communist Era (1991-Present) |
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This article forms part of the series
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The History of the Church is a vital part of the Orthodox Christian faith. Orthodox Christians are defined significantly by their continuity with all those who have gone before, those who first received and preached the truth of Jesus Christ to the world, those who helped to formulate the expression and worship of our faith, and those who continue to move forward in the unchanging yet ever-dynamic Holy Tradition of the Orthodox Church.

Modern era (1821-1917)

Notes

  • Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
  • The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
  • This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the Orthodox Church, though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

See also

Published works

The following are published writings that provide an overview of Church history:

From an Orthodox perspective

From a Heterodox perspective

  • Cairns, Earle E. Christianity Through the Centuries: A History of the Christian Church. (ISBN 0310208122)
  • Collins, Michael, ed.; Price, Matthew Arlen. Story of Christianity: A Celebration of 2000 Years of Faith. (ISBN 0789446057)
  • Gonzalez, Justo L. A History of Christian Thought, Volume 3: From the Protestant Reformation to the Twentieth Century. (ISBN 0687171849)
  • Gonzalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity, Volume 2: Reformation to the Present Day. (ISBN 0060633166)
  • Hastings, Adrian, ed. A World History of Christianity. (ISBN 0802848753)
  • Jones, Timothy P. Christian History Made Easy. (ISBN 1890947105)
  • Noll, Mark A. Turning Points: Decisive Moments in the History of Christianity. (ISBN 080106211X)
  • Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Volume 5: Christian Doctrine and Modern Culture (since 1700). (ISBN 0226653803)
  • Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church. (ISBN 156563196X)
  • Walton, Robert C. Chronological and Background Charts of Church History. (ISBN 0310362814)

External links