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In 1893== Rebirth of Orthodoxy ==[[Image:korchinsky.gif|left|frame|A photo of Fr. Jacob Korchinsky from the Pacific Commercial Advertiser, January 23, 1916]] On [[November 27]], Queen Lili'uokalani was deposed by U1910 ([[Julian Calendar|O.S. Marines and American sugar plantation owners]], who were mostly the children Feast Day of the Znamenny-[[Kursk Root Icon]] of American Calvinist missionaries, and a provisional government under the protection Sign of the United States was installed[[Theotokos|Mother of God]]), [[Reader|reader services]] were organized and served by Vasily Pasderin. In 18981915, an official request by the Russian Orthodox community in Hawaii and the Episcopal Bishop of Hawaii , Henry B. Restarick to the Holy Synod in St. Petersburg; a priest was incorporated into dispatched that same year to Hawaii (with the United States despite near universal opposition from native Hawaiians. In blessing of Archbishop [[Evdokim (Meschersky) of the early 1900s, Aleutians]]) to pastor the large population of Orthodox Russian ambassador was recalledfaithful. He established permanent liturgical services in Hawaii and on [[Christmas]] [[December 25]] (O.S.) / [[January 7]] (N.S.) 1916, Protopresbyter Jacob Korchinsky celebrated the [[Divine Liturgy]] in the embassy was moved to a small office, and Holy Trinity Chapel of the Russian chapel Saint Andrew's Episcopal Cathedral in Honolulu. Thus Orthodoxy was closedre-established in Hawaii.
=== Rebirth of Orthodoxy ===
[[Image:korchinsky.gif|left|frame|A photo of Fr. Yakov Korchinsky from the Pacific Commercial Advertiser, January 23, 1916]]
On [[November 27]], 1910 ([[Julian Calendar]]), with the blessing of the [[bishop]]s of Vladivostok and in America, the first Russian Orthodox reader services were held by Reader Vasily Pasderin. November 27 was, and is, the "Feast Day of the Znamenny-[[Kursk Root Icon]] of the Sign of the [[Mother of God]]."
In 1915Since that time, at the petition Miracle-working Icon has visited over 1000 churches and monasteries throughout North America, Europe, and Asia, and has been venerated by millions of the Russian Orthodox community to the [[Holy Synod]] faithful. The holy Icon has been a constant source of the [[Church a growing number of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]]miraculous occurrences, a Russian Orthodox priest was dispatched to Hawaii to pastor including the large population healing of [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] faithful. On Orthodox Christmas (Dec.25/Jan. 7)cancer, blindness, Protopresbyter Yakov Korchinsky celebrated the Divine Liturgy at Saint Andrew's Episcopal Cathedral in Honoluludemonic possession, and he established permanent liturgical servicesvarious types of physical and spiritual infirmities. Thus Orthodoxy was re-established in Hawaii. Fr. Yakov, People have felt a well-known [[missionary]] priestdeep spiritual connection to this Icon, established churches in Canadaeven spending hours on end simply standing before "Her", and watching the United States, Alaska, myrrh flow from the hands and Australia. He was murdered in [[Odessa]] shortly after stars on the [[October Revolution]] in Russiaimage.
In subsequent yearsAs She travels, the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] Church Holy Icon has been lovingly called in Hawaii shipped or flew priests to Hawaii to care for the dwindling Orthodox population. [[Archimandrite]] Innokenty Dronov of HiloGreek, "The Wandering Panaghia" since She does not have a contemporary of St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]] and St. [[John Maximovitch|John of Shanghai and San Francisco]] and Metropolitan [[Meletius of Harbin]], served the entire Orthodox Christian flock on all the Hawaiian Islands throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Fr. Innokenty had a large following of [[Church of Japan|Japanese Orthodox]] Christians. He frequently returned to the [http://www.wadioceseiveron.com Diocese in San Franciscoorg memorial church shrine] to report call Her own. When resources become available, plans are underway to Archbishops [[Appolinary of San Francisco|Appolinary]] build a proper chapel and [[Tikhon (Troitsky) retreat center in Hawaii to house the Mother of San Francisco|Tikhon of San Francisco]] and for medical reasonsGod's Wonderworking Iveron Icon. He is now purportedly buried on It has also been affectionately referred to as the Big Island "Protectress of Hawaii" by some of the Orthodox Christian faithful in Hawaii, since Orthodox Christians from all the Hawaiiparishes have come to love and have grown very close to this miracle from God.
- [[Image:innokenty.jpg|left|frame|Fr. Innokenty in front May She forever protect the Christian faithful of the Old Apostles Episcopal church in Hilo in 1937]] Hawaii!
In the 1960s a [[Greek]] community established a separate Greek ==Parishes in Hawaii==*Holy Theotokos of Iveron Russian Orthodox parish under the auspices of the Church (Honolulu) - [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]http://www.orthodoxhawaii.org Official website]*Ss. This community became known as the Saints [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]] and [[Helen]] [[Church of Constantinople|Greek Orthodox Church]Cathedral (Honolulu) - [http://www.ssconhelhi.goarch.org Official Website]*St. Also in the 1960s, a group of Russian Juvenaly Orthodox faithful joined the Russian Orthodox Church in Hawaii and formed the StMission (Kona) - [http://oca. [[Mark of Ephesus]] Russian Orthodox Communityorg/DIRlisting. This community was later re[[consecrateasp?SID=9&KEY=OCA-WE-KONOCX OCA listing]]d under the heavenly protection of the , [[Mother of Godhttp://stjuvenaly.org Mission website]] and is now known as the *Holy Ascension Orthodox Church (Honomou) - [[Theotokoshttp://www.holyascensionhilo.org/ Official Website]] of [[Iveron]] Russian Orthodox Church*St. In the early 1990s, a Lazar Serbian community established an Orthodox mission dedicated to Saint Mission Parish (Oahu) - [[Lazar of Serbia|Lazar of Kosovohttp://www.westsrbdio.org/info/showarticle.php?article=church_hawaii Contact Information]]. The Serbian mission later became inactive, and its remaining members joined the local (No resident clergy or regular services)*Maui Greek and Russian Orthodox churchesMission - [http://www. In early 2004 a new Orthodox community mauigreekorthodoxmission.com Official Website] (currently regrouping under the jurisdiction leadership of the [[OCA]] was established in Kona, HawaiiSs. This new mission has no association with Constantine & Helen)*Our Lady of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] mission established by Archimandrite Innokenty Dronov of Hilo Angels Western-Rite Community at Na Pua Li'i Hermitage (+1940sROCOR)- [https://www. pualii.org/ Official website]
In ==Orthodox Clergy Assigned in Hawaii==*Priest Alexander Leong, Dean of Ss. Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox Cathedral, Honolulu, HI.*Priest Nectarios Yangson, Rector of the late 1990sHoly Theotokos of Iveron Russian Orthodox Church, Honolulu, HI.*Priest Columba Stephen Lally, Rector of Our Lady of the current pastor Angels Western-Rite Community, Kapaau, HI.*Priest Benjamin Huggins, Rector of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Holy Ascension Orthodox Mission, Honomou, HI.*Archpriest George Gray, St. Juvenaly Orthodox]] communityMission, Honalo, Father HI.*Archpriest Anatole V. Lyovin, one Holy Theotokos of the few [[Iveron Russian Orthodox Church , Honolulu, HI.*Archpriest Konstantin Sorrell, Holy Theotokos of Russia|Iveron Russian Orthodox]] priests since Archimandrite InnokentyChurch, Honolulu, was [[ordination|ordained]] to serve the Orthodox faithful in HawaiiHI. Currently there are plans to build the first [[Church *Priest George Hill, Chaplain, US Army Garrison, Schofield Barracks, HI*Deacon Seraphim Stojance Andov, Holy Theotokos of Russia|Iveron Russian Orthodox]] [[church]] in Church, Honolulu, HI.
*[http://www.orthodoxhawaii.org/ Official website of the Russian Orthodox Church in Hawaii]==External links==
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[[Image:hawaiiorthodox.jpg|right|frame| The Main Altar Cross of the Russian Orthodox Church of Hawaii in Honolulu]]
'''Orthodox Christianity in Hawaii''' has a history beginning with the early Russian missions of the 19th century and continuing to the work of multiple Orthodox churches on the various islands that make up the Aloha State.
==History of Hawaiian Orthodoxy==
{{orthodoxyinamerica}}
=== Christianity in Hawaii ===
The first liturgical Christian service held in Hawaii was a [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] [[Pascha]]l service. Somewhere Sometime between 1792 and 1750 - 1793*, while traveling from the Far East to what was then Russian America, a Russian trading ship stopped over in the Hawaiian Islands. The Russian Orthodox [[priest]], not wanting to celebrate Holy [[Pascha]] (Easter) at sea, instructed the captain to disembark. The captain then told the priest that he feared the "natives" but was then told, "They will not harm us, for we are Orthodox, and we bear the Light of Christ to illumine their hearts." They disembarked and blessed a temporary [[altar]] under a newly built temple made out of palms and bamboo and adorned with a Znammeny icon of the Mother of God and the Christ Child. It was rumored that as they departed the Orthodox priest left the icon used in the Paschal Liturgy. The ship's priest promised that, "We shall return and baptize these natives to the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church]]." The first Protestant service was a lay funeral service conducted by Capt. James Cook for an English sailor at Napo‘opo‘o (Kealakekua) on the Big Island of Hawaii in 1779. <i>*Exact dates differ from 1750, 1792, and 1793</i>
=== First Orthodox Chapels ===
[[Image:Fortelizabeth.jpg|rightleft|frame|Russian Fort Elizabeth as it was in 1815 on the Island of Kauai]]In 1815, Russians built Hawaii's first [[Orthodox Church]]church; the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox]] chapel at [http[w://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Fort_Elizabeth Russian Fort Elizabeth|Fort Elizabeth]]. On the Island of Kaua'i, three Russian forts were built: Fort Alexander, Fort Barclay, and Fort Elizabeth. Fort Alexander also housed a small Orthodox chapel, but Fort Elizabeth was the trading base for the new Russian-American Company in Hawaii. When King Kaumuali'i of Kaua'i ceded his kingdom to King Kamehameha the Great in 1816 following the tsar's refusal to annex Kaua'i due to political troubles in Russia, the forts were also ceded, and the Hawaiian Islands become one unified kingdom. The chapels ultimately fell into disrepair after Calvinist missionaries from the United States landed in 1820 after the death of King Kamehameha I.
[[Image:kamehameha.jpg|left|frame|Russian Artist's Sketch of King Kamehameha the Great of Hawaii]]
In 1882, the Hawaiian Kingdom sent a diplomatic delegation to St. Petersburg, Russia, to witness the coronation of Tsar Alexander III. The reports of the Hawaiian Hawaii's special envoy to the Russian court, Colonel Curtis I'Iaukeaaukea, about Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of Hawaii, regarding the Russian Orthodox [[liturgy|liturgical]] services were widely published in Hawaiian-language newspapers. Two years later, Tsar Alexander III sent King Kalakaua the Imperial Order of St. [[Alexander Nevsky|Alexander of Nevsky]], the highest Russian award, and established a permanent Russian embassy in Hawaii, along with a very small Orthodox chapel. Subsequently, 200 Ukrainians were imported by American sugar planters. In 1893, Queen Lili'uokalani was deposed by U.S. Marines and American sugar plantation owners, who were mostly the children of American Calvinist missionaries, and a provisional government under the protection of the United States was installed. In 1898, Hawaii was incorporated into the United States despite near universal opposition from native Hawaiians. In the early 1900s, the Russian ambassador to Hawaii was recalled, the embassy was moved to a small office, and the Russian Orthodox chapel was forever closed.
St. [[Innocent of Moscow]] also made a brief stop-over in Hawaii during his travels from Asia to Western America.
[[Image:episcopal.jpg|right|thumb|100px|St. Andrew's Episcopal as it appears today in downtown Honolulu]]
Fr. Jacob, a well-known [[missionary]] priest, established churches in Canada, the United States, Alaska, Australia and the Phillipines. He was arrested in [[Wikipedia:Odessa|Odessa]] on [[June 23]], 1941 and shot (murdered) two months later.<ref>[http://www.rusvera.mrezha.ru/515/14.htm Газета "Вера" (Newspaper ''Faith'')]</ref>. He has not yet been officially recognized as a martyred saint. St. [[Tikhon of Moscow]] once quoted Fr. Jacob's missionary exploits this way, "He did much to convert the heathens to the Christian Faith and returned many [[Uniate]]s to the Orthodox Church. He set the foundation for parish life in many places, built churches and assisted the unfortunate with his acquired medical knowledge." ''<br>
(Report by Bishop (Saint) Tikhon Belavin to the Holy Synod. No. 155 Nov. 26, 1906)''
Following the departure of Fr. Jacob Korchinsky to Australia in March of 1916, he was subsequently replaced by Archpriest John Dorosh in that same year, who remained in Hawaii until his departure in the 1920s.
In subsequent years, the Russian Orthodox Church in Hawaii shipped or flew temporary priests to the Hawaiian Islands to care for the dwindling Orthodox population, becoming part of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] (ROCOR). A permanent priest was not stationed in Hawaii until 1921, when [[Archimandrite]] Innokenty Dronov of Hilo, a contemporary of St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]], St. [[John Maximovitch|John of Shanghai and San Francisco]] and Metropolitan [[Meletius (Zaborosky) of Harbin and Manchuria|Meletius of Harbin]], was dispatched and served the entire Orthodox Christian flock on all the Hawaiian Islands. Fr. Innokentiy had a large following of [[Church of Japan|Japanese Orthodox]] Christians. He frequently returned to the [http://www.wadiocese.com Diocese in San Francisco] to report to Archbishops [[Apollinary (Koshevoy) of San Francisco|Apollinary (Koshevoy)]] and [[Tikhon (Troitsky) of San Francisco|Tikhon (Troitsky)]] and for medical reasons. He is now purportedly buried on the Big Island of Hawaii. Until the assignment of Archpriest Anatole Lyovin, Fr. Innokenty was the longest serving priest in the history of the Orthodox Church in Hawaii.
[[Image:innokenty.jpg|left|frame|Fr. Innokenty in front of the Old Apostles Episcopal church in Hilo in 1937]]
== Multiple jurisdictions ==
Up until the 1960s, the Russian Orthodox Church was the only Orthodox jurisdiction in the Hawaiian Islands. Following the 1960s, parishes from three separate Orthodox jurisdictions established themselves in the Islands: [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek]], [[Serbian Orthodox Church in the USA and Canada|Serbian]], and [[OCA]]. At one point there were as many as five different Orthodox jurisdictions in the Hawaiian Islands. Despite this multiplicity of jurisdictions, all Orthodox churches in Hawaii are in communion with one another and have friendly relations. (See also: [[Orthodoxy in America]], [[Diaspora]].)
===The Russian Orthodox Church (ROCOR)===
In the late 1960s, a group of Russian Orthodox Christians parted ways with the local Greek community and joined the Russian Orthodox Church in Hawaii under the Omophorion of Archbishop Anthony of Los Angeles; they formed the St. [[Mark of Ephesus]] Russian Orthodox Mission Parish. In the early 1980s, this mission parish was later re-[[consecrate|consecrated]] under the heavenly protection of the [[Mother of God]] and is now known as the Holy [[Theotokos]] of [[Panagia Portaitissa|Iveron]] Russian Orthodox Church. In the late 1990s, the Council President of the Russian Orthodox community in Hawaii, Anatole Lyovin, was [[ordination|ordained]] to serve the Orthodox faithful in Hawaii. After many years of prayer, hard work and dedication, this community recently purchased a new Church complex in Kailua, Oahu. This church is also where the Miracleworking "Hawaiian" Iveron Icon of the Theotokos is brought on most Saturdays and Sundays for veneration, when not travelling to other churches. This community is under the spiritual care of Archbishop +[[Kyrill (Dmitrieff) of San Francisco]] ([[ROCOR]]). Four clergy are assigned to this parish; Priest Nectarios Yangson, the Rector, Archpriest Anatole V. Lyovin, Pastor Emeritus, Archpriest Konstantin Sorrell, and Deacon Seraphim Stojance Andov.
In the mid to late 1990's, a separate Russian Orthodox mission community was established on the Big Island of Hawaii. It later became inactive.
In 2017, a new Western-Rite ROCOR Orthodox Religious Hermitage was established on the Big Island of Hawaii in Kapaau. This community is [[Stavropegial]] and is under the Omophorion of His Eminence Metropolitan [[Nicholas (Olhovsky) of Manhattan]], First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. The priest in charge is Fr. Columba Stephen Lally, two nuns also live and worship at the hermitage.
===The Greek Orthodox Church (GOARCH)===
In the mid 1960s, a Greek Orthodox community established a Greek Orthodox mission under the auspices of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]]. This community became known as [http://www.schgoc.hi.goarch.org/ Ss. Constantine Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox Church]. The current Dean of the Cathedral is Fr. Alexander Leong, who was assigned to the parish in Honolulu in 2013. The community is under the omophorion of Metr. [[Gerasimos (Michaleas) of San Francisco]] ([[GOARCH]]). This community is well-known for its annual Greek Festival held at Ala Moana Beach Park near Waikiki.
In the 1990s, a Greek Orthodox mission was established on the Island of Maui. It later became inactive, but there are efforts underway to revive it. The mission has been served by clergy from Ss. Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox Cathedral in Honolulu.
===The Serbian Orthodox Church===
In the early 1990s, a Serbian community established an Orthodox mission dedicated to St. [[Lazar of Serbia|Lazar of Kosovo]]. The Serbian mission later became inactive, and its remaining members joined the local Russian and Greek churches. There has been a recent interest within the Serbian Orthodox community in Hawaii to re-establish this mission. In recent years, visiting clergy (including Bishop [[Maxim (Vasilijevic) of Western America]]) have come from the mainland to minister to them. This mission is now active and under the spiritual direction of Protopresbyter Blasko Paraklis.
[[Image:Bishop Benjamin.jpg|thumb|145px|right|Bishop Benjamin visits the OCA Kona Mission in 2004]]
===The Antiochian Orthodox Church===
In 2003, the short-lived St. Paul the Apostle [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Orthodox]] Mission was established in Honolulu at Fort Shafter Army Base. The rector of this mission was Fr. Isaiah Gillette, a chaplain with the military. Following Fr. Isaiah's transfer to Texas, the mission was disbanded.
===The Orthodox Church in America (OCA)===
In early 2004, a new Orthodox community under the jurisdiction of the Orthodox Church in America ([[OCA]]) was established on the Big Island of Hawai`i, in Kailua-Kona. In 2007 this was named [http://stjuvenaly.org St. Juvenaly Orthodox Mission].
In 2013, this community purchased a building in [[w:Honomu|Honomu]], on the east side of Hawaiʻi. The east-side mission is now known as [http://ascensionhilo.org Holy Ascension Orthodox Church].
The administrator of these mission parishes is Fr. Matthew Tate, and they are under the Omophorion of His Eminence, Archbishop [[Benjamin (Peterson) of San Francisco]] of the [[Diocese of the West (OCA)|Diocese of the West]]. Archpriest George Gray, is attached to the St Juvenaly Church, and Priest Benjamin Huggins is Rector of the Holy Ascension Mission.
==A Miracle in the Islands==
During the month of October in the year 2007, a great miracle occurred in the State of Hawaii when the Miracleworking and Myrrh-streaming "Hawaiian" Iveron Icon of the Theotokos began streaming myrrh in the home of an Orthodox Christian couple in Honolulu.
[[Image:IveronIcon.jpg|left|frame|The Wonderworking "Hawaiian" Myrrh-streaming Iveron Icon]]
The Iveron Icon, a small mounted print, (a copy of the Montreal [[Panagia Portaitissa|Iveron]] Icon), originally purchased at the Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Cathedral's small church kiosk in Toronto by Archpriest Anatole V. Lyovin, was given to the Reader Nectarios in Hawaii as a gift for the aforementioned name's day. This Icon was in the Reader's possession for eight years before it, along with a small hand-painted cross, began exuding a fragrant oil-like substance traditionally referred to as "myrrh" by the Orthodox Church. It was decided by Archbishop [[Kyrill (Dmitrieff) of San Francisco|Kyrill]] of San Francisco that this Icon of the Mother of God was to be taken to the Holy Virgin Russian Orthodox Cathedral in San Francisco where it underwent investigation and testing and was carefully examined by the Archbishop and a commission of priests to verify the Icon's miraculous attributes.
In June of 2008, the "Hawaiian" Iveron Icon of the Mother of God was declared by the Russian Orthodox Church to be a genuine and miraculous Icon, which was in fact exuding myrrh on a continuing basis. It was decided by Episcopal proclamation ([[Ukaz]]) that the Reader Nectarios, the Icon's original owner, be "Her" guardian and was to escort the Icon to the various churches and monasteries of Holy Orthodoxy, in effect, to provide for the veneration of all Orthodox Christian faithful.
==External LinksReferences==<references/>
*[http://www.iveron.org/hawaii Orthodox Christianity in the Hawaiian Islands]
*[http://enwww.wikipediaohiia.orgThe Orthodox Hawaiian Iveron Icon Association "OHIIA"]*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/orthodoxinhawaii/ A Yahoogroup dedicated to Orthodox Christianity in Hawaii]*[http://www.orthodoxhawaii.org/book.html TWO HUNDRED YEARS ON THE ROAD: A History of the Orthodox Church in Hawaii] by Amir A. Khisamutdinov and Rev. Anatole V. Lyovin. The book chronicles the history of the Orthodox Christian Church in the Hawaiian Islands from the 1700s to the present day. Containing rare photos and historical articles not seen before.*[[Wikipedia:Russian Fort Elizabeth]]*[http://wikiwww.fortelizabeth.org/Russian_Fort_Elizabeth Fort Elizabeth/ Pāʻulaʻula]*[http://www.orthodoxhawaii.org/dronoff.html "From Island to Island with the Word of God on His Lips - How the Only Orthodox Priest on the Islands Lives and Works"] An article about Fr. Innokentiy Dronoff of Hilo from 1937, translated by Rev. Anatole V. Lyovin.*[http://orthodoxhistory.org/2010/01/06/fr-jacob-korchinsky-missionary-and-martyr/ Fr. Jacob Korchinsky: Missionary and Martyr] A historical account of slain Protopresbyter Jacob Korchinsky.*[http://starbulletin.com/2001/08/25/features/story1.html "A Spiritual Connection" Greek Orthodox Church in Hawaii honors Chinese Martyrs] (Aug 25, 2001)*[http://starbulletin.com/2007/06/02/features/adamski.html Honolulu Star Bulletin article on Fr. Anatole Lyovin of the Russian Orthodox Church] (June 2, 2007)*[http://www.westsrbdio.org/latest_news/Visits_Fall2007/Hawaii.html News from the Serbian Orthodox community in Hawaii][http://serbianorthodoxnews.blogspot.com/2007/11/serbian-hierarchal-liturgy-at-russian.html](Nov 10-11, 2007)
==Sources==
* Archimandrite Avgustin (Nikitin); "Gavraiskie ostrova i Rossiia (Obzor tserkovnykh sviazei i kontaktov" - (Saint-Petersburg; Minneapolis 2002)
* V. Rev. Fr [[Michael Protopopov]]; ''[https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/7a6f29d5f4ab0a9d13ba30eced67fe15b6b07e63c698a776224464e4706f77bb/2271032/%2065054_downloaded_stream_279.pdf A History of the Russian Orthodox Presence in Australia]'' - Submitted Thesis
* Pacific Commercial Advertiser, January 23, 1916
* ''[https://orthodoxhawaii.org/book TWO HUNDRED YEARS ON THE ROAD: A History of the Orthodox Church in Hawaii]'' by Amir A. Khisamutdinov and Rev. Anatole V. Lyovin. (Honolulu, HI., 2011)
[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Church History]]