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Others Other churches became autocephalous largely from governmental declaration, eventually recognized by other portions of the Church:
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* The [[Church of Serbia]] was ''de facto'' autocephalous in 1832, but not recognized by the [[Church of Constantinople]] until 1879. Some claim that Serbia's autocephaly goes back to 1219.
* The [[Church of Bulgaria]] was declared independent by the decree of the Sultan, creating a canonical mess condemned at a council in Jerusalem in 1872 (by way of condemning [[phyletism]]), eventually sorted out and reconciled by 1945.
In othersother cases, it was granted by an [[Ecumenical Council]]:
* The [[Church of Cyprus]] was granted autocephaly at the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] (431).
* The [[Church of Jerusalem]] was declared a [[patriarchate]] with primacy in its are (over the claims of the bishop of Caesarea) at the [[Quinisext Council]] (the council "in Trullo" 692), which established the canons of the [[Sixth Ecumenical Council]] .
In still others, it was granted by one mother church to a daughter church:
* The [[Orthodox Church in America]] received autocephaly from the [[Church of Russia]] in 1970 (though that action is still not recognized by many of the older autocephalous churches).
* The [[Church of Ethiopia]] received autocephaly from the [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Orthodox Church]] in 1950.