OrthodoxWiki - User contributions [en]

The Way of a Pilgrim

2013-02-06T02:48:41Z

Stmitrophan: /* External links */

'''''The Way of a Pilgrim''''' is the English title of a 19th century anonymous Russian, seemingly autobiographical, work, possibly by an [[Mount Athos|Athonite]] monk, detailing the narrator's journey across the country while practicing the [[Jesus Prayer]] devoutly, with the help of a [[prayer rope]] and the study of the ''[[Philokalia]]''. The Russian title of the book is actually much longer than its English translation: "Откровенные рассказы странника духовному своему отцу" - literally, "Candid tales of a pilgrim to his spiritual father'.

The book as a whole is often interpreted as an allegory of both the life of [[Jesus Christ]] and the struggle of Orthodox spirituality. It details the gradual spiritual development and struggles of the narrator, and the effect the narrator's spirituality has on those around him (to quote St. [[Seraphim of Sarov]], "Acquire the spirit of peace, and a thousand souls around you will be saved"), as well as the effects upon the narrator of the struggles of those whom he encounters and the stories they tell him.

There are two books in this series, ''The Way of the Pilgrim'' and ''The Pilgrim Continues his Way'' (often included together as one volume). Many have benefited greatly from their reading.

==Editions==
*''The Way of a Pilgrim and the Pilgrim Continues His Way'' by Walter J. Ciszek (Foreword), Helen Bacovcin (Translator) (ISBN 0385468148)
*''The Way of a Pilgrim and the Pilgrim Continues His Way'' by Fr. [[Thomas Hopko]] (Foreword), Olga Savin (Translator) (ISBN 1-57062-807-6)
*''The Way of a Pilgrim and the Pilgrim Continues His Way'' by R. M. French (Translator) (ISBN 978-0060630171)
*''The Pilgrim's Tale'' by Aleksei Pentkovsky (Editor), T. Allan Smith (Editor, Translator), [[Jaroslav Pelikan]] (Author) (ISBN 978-0809137091)

==See also==
*[[Hesychasm]]
*[[Jesus Prayer]]
*[[Philokalia]]

==External links==
*[http://desertfathers.webs.com/thewayofthepilgrim.htm The Way of a Pilgrim] (English by R.M. French, full-text)
*[http://www.antiochair.com/library/spirituallife/Russian_Pilgrim_on_the_Road_to_God/index.htm The Way of a Pilgrim] (Arabic, full-text)
*[http://www.ccel.org/contrib/ru/Strannik/Strannik.htm The Way of a Pilgrim] (Russian, full-text)
*[http://prieteniisfmunteathos.wordpress.com/2007/12/28/pelerinul-rus/ The Way of a Pilgrim] (Romanian, text)

[[Category:Asceticism]]
[[Category:Hesychasm]]
[[Category:Book Reviews]]
[[Category:Texts]]

[[ro:Pelerinul rus]]

Lectionary

2013-01-20T15:22:14Z

Stmitrophan: /* External links */

A '''lectionary''' is a book containing [[Holy Scripture|Scripture]] readings ([[pericope]]s) that are appointed to be read in Church services according to the cycles of the liturgical year. The lectionary goes back at least to the fourth century, and some of the oldest Greek manuscripts of the [[New Testament]] that have survived are [http://www.skypoint.com/~waltzmn/Lectionary.html Byzantine lectionaries].

==History==

The oldest form of the lectionary had the Scripture text with the beginning and ending of each pericope noted in the margin. This is still essentially the format of the Slavic [[Gospel Book|Gospel]] and [[Apostolos|Apostol]]. Contemporary Byzantine lectionaries reflect a further development, in which each pericope is printed in the order in which it is read in the church year. Its beginning is included in the text, and the ending is a clear break.

==Lectionary texts==

In the Orthodox Church, the lectionary is traditionally found in three books: the [[Gospel Book|Gospel]], the [[Apostolos|Epistle]], and the [[Prophetologion]]. Of these three texts, only the [[Prophetologion]] has not been published in a single text in English. [[Old Testament]] readings are typically taken from the [[Menaion]] or other texts that contain these readings. There have also been texts containing the [[Lent]]en lectionary which have been published in English. One classic text that contains the most commonly used portions of the entire lectionary is [http://www.light-n-life.com/shopping/order_product.asp?ProductNum=BOOK110 "Divine Prayers and Services of the Catholic Orthodox Church of Christ", by Fr. Seraphim Nassar]—commonly known as "The Nassar Five-Pounder."

==Epistle and Gospel==
The readings for the [[Divine Liturgy]] are normally found in a [[Gospel Book]] (''Evangélion'') and an [[Epistle|Epistle Book]] (''Apostól''). In the Byzantine practice, the readings are in the form of [[pericope]]s (selections from scripture containing only the portion actually chanted during the service), and are arranged according to the order in which they occur in the church year, beginning with the Sunday of [[Pascha]] (Easter), and continuing throughout the entire year, concluding with [[Holy Week]]. Then follows a section of readings for the commemorations of [[Saints]] and readings for special occasions ([[Baptism]], [[Funeral]], etc.). In the Slavic practice, the biblical books are reproduced in their entirety and arranged in the canonical order in which they appear in the [[Bible]].

The annual cycle of the Gospels is composed of four series:

*1. '''The Gospel of St. John'''—read from Pascha until [[Pentecost]] Sunday
*2. '''The Gospel of St. Matthew'''—divided over seventeen weeks beginning with the Monday of the Holy Spirit (the day after Pentecost). From the twelfth week, it is read on Saturdays and Sundays while the Gospel of St. Mark is read on the remaining weekdays
*3. '''The Gospel of St. Luke'''—divided over nineteen weeks beginning on the Monday after the [[Elevation of the Holy Cross]]. From the thirteenth week, it is only read on Saturdays and Sundays, while St. Mark's Gospel is read on the remaining weekdays
*4. '''The Gospel of St. Mark'''—read during the Lenten period on Saturdays and Sundays — with the exception of the [[Sunday of Orthodoxy]].

The interruption of the reading of the Gospel of Matthew after the Elevation of the Holy Cross is known as the [http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/lukan-jump.html "Lukan Jump"] The jump occurs only in the Gospel readings, there is no corresponding jump in the Epistle. From this point on the Epistle and Gospel readings do not exactly correspond, the Epistles continuing to be determined according to the moveable Paschal cycle and the Gospels being influenced by the fixed cycle.

The Lukan Jump is related to the chronological proximity of the Elevation of the Cross to the Conception of the Forerunner (St. [[John the Baptist]]), celebrated on September 23rd. In late Antiquity, this feast marked the beginning of the ecclesiastical New Year. Thus, beginning the reading of the Lukan Gospel toward the middle of September can be understood. The reasoning is theological, and is based on a vision of Salvation History: the Conception of the Forerunner constitutes the first step of the New Economy, as mentioned in the [[sticheron|stikhera]] of the matins of this feast. The [[Apostle Luke|Evangelist Luke]] is the only one to mention this Conception (Luke 1:5-24).

In Russia, the use of the Lukan Jump vanished; however in recent decades, the Russian Church has begun the process of returning to the use of the Lukan Jump.

==Old Testament readings==
There are also readings from the [[Old Testament]], called "parables" (''Paroemia''), which are read at [[Vespers]] on feast days. These parables are found in the [[Menaion]], [[Triodion]] or [[Pentecostarion]]. During Great Lent, parables are read every day at Vespers and at the [[Sixth Hour]]. These parables are found in the Triodion.

== See also ==
*[[Wikipedia:Lectionary]]

== External links==
*[http://www.byzcath.org/index.php/resources-mainmenu-63/lectionary-mainmenu-114 Lectionary of the Byzantine Church] - Includes an overview of the lectionary and lists the minor differences between Slav and Greek usage.
*[http://www.holoviak.com/acatalog/Holoviaks_Gospels_and_Epistles_41.html Holoviak Gospels (King James and New King James Text, Slavic style Lectionary)]
*[http://ctosonline.org/liturgical/GL.html Gospel Lectionary (Byzantine Style) with the King James text]
*[http://www.ctosonline.org/liturgical/EL.html The Epistle Lectionary] - The Apostolos of the Greek Orthodox Church According to the King James Version (Byzantine Style Lectionary)
*[http://www.stspress.com/detail.aspx?ID=509 The Apostol] (Slavic Style Apostolos, Traditional English translation)
*[http://www.monachos.net/library/Lectionary_of_Lenten_Readings_for_Weekday_Services Lenten Lectionary]
*[http://www.anastasis.org.uk/prophetologion.htm Prophetologion (Arch. Ephrem (Lash))]
*[http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/lectionary-explained.html Orthodox Christian Scripture Lectionary] - An Examination of how the Gospel and Apostolos Lectionary is used throughout the year
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/library.htm Practical Tips on How To Build a Liturgical Library]
*[http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/578/1/Jordan10PhD.pdf The Textual Tradition of the Gospel of John in Greek Gospel Lectionaries from the Middle Byzantine Period] (8th-11th Century)
*[http://www.cspmt.org/?q=node/19 CSPMT and the Two Greek Lectionary Text Types]

[[Category:Scripture]]
[[Category:Texts]]
[[Category:New Testament]]
[[Category:Liturgics]]

Lectionary

2013-01-20T13:49:19Z

Stmitrophan: /* External links */

A '''lectionary''' is a book containing [[Holy Scripture|Scripture]] readings ([[pericope]]s) that are appointed to be read in Church services according to the cycles of the liturgical year. The lectionary goes back at least to the fourth century, and some of the oldest Greek manuscripts of the [[New Testament]] that have survived are [http://www.skypoint.com/~waltzmn/Lectionary.html Byzantine lectionaries].

==History==

The oldest form of the lectionary had the Scripture text with the beginning and ending of each pericope noted in the margin. This is still essentially the format of the Slavic [[Gospel Book|Gospel]] and [[Apostolos|Apostol]]. Contemporary Byzantine lectionaries reflect a further development, in which each pericope is printed in the order in which it is read in the church year. Its beginning is included in the text, and the ending is a clear break.

==Lectionary texts==

In the Orthodox Church, the lectionary is traditionally found in three books: the [[Gospel Book|Gospel]], the [[Apostolos|Epistle]], and the [[Prophetologion]]. Of these three texts, only the [[Prophetologion]] has not been published in a single text in English. [[Old Testament]] readings are typically taken from the [[Menaion]] or other texts that contain these readings. There have also been texts containing the [[Lent]]en lectionary which have been published in English. One classic text that contains the most commonly used portions of the entire lectionary is [http://www.light-n-life.com/shopping/order_product.asp?ProductNum=BOOK110 "Divine Prayers and Services of the Catholic Orthodox Church of Christ", by Fr. Seraphim Nassar]—commonly known as "The Nassar Five-Pounder."

==Epistle and Gospel==
The readings for the [[Divine Liturgy]] are normally found in a [[Gospel Book]] (''Evangélion'') and an [[Epistle|Epistle Book]] (''Apostól''). In the Byzantine practice, the readings are in the form of [[pericope]]s (selections from scripture containing only the portion actually chanted during the service), and are arranged according to the order in which they occur in the church year, beginning with the Sunday of [[Pascha]] (Easter), and continuing throughout the entire year, concluding with [[Holy Week]]. Then follows a section of readings for the commemorations of [[Saints]] and readings for special occasions ([[Baptism]], [[Funeral]], etc.). In the Slavic practice, the biblical books are reproduced in their entirety and arranged in the canonical order in which they appear in the [[Bible]].

The annual cycle of the Gospels is composed of four series:

*1. '''The Gospel of St. John'''—read from Pascha until [[Pentecost]] Sunday
*2. '''The Gospel of St. Matthew'''—divided over seventeen weeks beginning with the Monday of the Holy Spirit (the day after Pentecost). From the twelfth week, it is read on Saturdays and Sundays while the Gospel of St. Mark is read on the remaining weekdays
*3. '''The Gospel of St. Luke'''—divided over nineteen weeks beginning on the Monday after the [[Elevation of the Holy Cross]]. From the thirteenth week, it is only read on Saturdays and Sundays, while St. Mark's Gospel is read on the remaining weekdays
*4. '''The Gospel of St. Mark'''—read during the Lenten period on Saturdays and Sundays — with the exception of the [[Sunday of Orthodoxy]].

The interruption of the reading of the Gospel of Matthew after the Elevation of the Holy Cross is known as the [http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/lukan-jump.html "Lukan Jump"] The jump occurs only in the Gospel readings, there is no corresponding jump in the Epistle. From this point on the Epistle and Gospel readings do not exactly correspond, the Epistles continuing to be determined according to the moveable Paschal cycle and the Gospels being influenced by the fixed cycle.

The Lukan Jump is related to the chronological proximity of the Elevation of the Cross to the Conception of the Forerunner (St. [[John the Baptist]]), celebrated on September 23rd. In late Antiquity, this feast marked the beginning of the ecclesiastical New Year. Thus, beginning the reading of the Lukan Gospel toward the middle of September can be understood. The reasoning is theological, and is based on a vision of Salvation History: the Conception of the Forerunner constitutes the first step of the New Economy, as mentioned in the [[sticheron|stikhera]] of the matins of this feast. The [[Apostle Luke|Evangelist Luke]] is the only one to mention this Conception (Luke 1:5-24).

In Russia, the use of the Lukan Jump vanished; however in recent decades, the Russian Church has begun the process of returning to the use of the Lukan Jump.

==Old Testament readings==
There are also readings from the [[Old Testament]], called "parables" (''Paroemia''), which are read at [[Vespers]] on feast days. These parables are found in the [[Menaion]], [[Triodion]] or [[Pentecostarion]]. During Great Lent, parables are read every day at Vespers and at the [[Sixth Hour]]. These parables are found in the Triodion.

== See also ==
*[[Wikipedia:Lectionary]]

== External links==
*[http://www.byzcath.org/index.php/resources-mainmenu-63/lectionary-mainmenu-114 Lectionary of the Byzantine Church] - Includes an overview of the lectionary and lists the minor differences between Slav and Greek usage.
*[http://www.holoviak.com/acatalog/Holoviaks_Gospels_and_Epistles_41.html Holoviak Gospels (King James and New King James Text, Slavic style Lectionary)]
*[http://ctosonline.org/liturgical/GL.html Gospel Lectionary (Byzantine Style) with the King James text]
*[http://www.ctosonline.org/liturgical/EL.html The Epistle Lectionary] - The Apostolos of the Greek Orthodox Church According to the King James Version (Byzantine Style Lectionary)
*[http://www.stspress.com/detail.aspx?ID=509 The Apostol] (Slavic Style Apostolos, Traditional English translation)
*[http://www.monachos.net/library/Lectionary_of_Lenten_Readings_for_Weekday_Services Lenten Lectionary]
*[http://www.anastasis.org.uk/prophetologion.htm Prophetologion (Arch. Ephrem (Lash))]
*[http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/lectionary-explained.html Orthodox Christian Scripture Lectionary] - An Examination of how the Gospel and Apostolos Lectionary is used throughout the year
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/library.htm Practical Tips on How To Build a Liturgical Library]
*[http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/578/1/Jordan10PhD.pdf The Textual Tradition of the Gospel of John in Greek Gospel Lectionaries from the Middle Byzantine Period] (8th-11th Century)

[[Category:Scripture]]
[[Category:Texts]]
[[Category:New Testament]]
[[Category:Liturgics]]

Nikolai Velimirovic

2010-12-18T02:25:20Z

Stmitrophan: /* Articles */

[[Image:StNikolaiVelimirovich.jpg|thumb|right|St. Nikolai Velimirovich (1880-1956)]]
{{orthodoxyinamerica}}
Our father among the saints, [[Bishop]] '''Nikolaj Velimirović''' (Николај Велимировић, [[January 5]], 1880 - [[March 18]], 1956, also rendered ''Nicholas'') was bishop of Žiča in Serbia and the author of several Orthodox books. His most widely-known work is the ''[[Prologue from Ohrid]]''. His first name is pronounced and sometimes written ''Nikolai''.

==Life==
Nikolaj Velimirović was born in the small village of Lelich in Western Serbia. He attended the Seminary of St. Sava in Belgrade and graduated in 1905. He obtained doctorates from the University of Berne (1908), while the thesis was published in German in 1910, whereas the doctor's degree in philosophy was prepared at Oxford and defended in Geneva (''Filosofija Berklija'' - ''Berkeley's Philosophy'', in French) in 1909. At the end of 1909 he entered a [[monasticism|monastic]] order. In 1919, then [[Archimandrite]] Nikolai was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Žiča in the [[Church of Serbia]].

In April 1915 (during WWI) he was delegated to England and America by the Serbian Church, where he held numerous lectures, fighting for the unison of the Serbs and South Slavic peoples. At the beginning of 1919 he returned to Serbia, and in 1920 was posted to the Ohrid archbishopric in Macedonia, where in 1935, in Bitola he reconstructed the cemetery of the killed German soldiers.

During the Second World War in 1941 Bp. Nikolai was arrested by the Nazis in the [[Monastery]] of Žiča (which was soon afterwards robbed and ruined), after which he was confined in the Monastery of Ljubostinja (where, on the occasion of mass deaths by firing squad, he reacted saying: "Is this the German culture, to shoot hundred innocent Serbs, for one dead German soldier! The Turks have always proved to be more just..."). Later, this "new [[John Chrysostom|Chrysostom]]" was transferred to the Monastery of Vojlovica (near Pančevo) in which he was confined together with the Serbian patriarch, [[Gabriel (Dozic) of Serbia|Gavrilo (Dožić)]] until the end of 1944.

On [[December 14]], 1944 he was sent to Dachau, together with Serbian [[Patriarch]] Gavrilo, where some sources, especially the standard Church references, record that he suffered both imprisonment and torture.[http://www.serfes.org/lives/holyhierarchsaintnicholai.htm]

After the War he left Communist Yugoslavia and immigrated as a refugee to the United States in 1946 where he taught at several Orthodox Christian [[seminary|seminaries]] such as [[St. Sava's Serbian Orthodox Seminary (Libertyville, Illinois)|St. Sava's Serbian Orthodox Seminary]] in Libertyville, Illinois and [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary]] and Monastery in South Canaan, Pennsylvania (where he was [[rector]] and also where he died) and [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary]] now in Crestwood, New York. He died on [[March 18]], 1956.

==Alleged Anti-Semitism==
Although recently [[Glorification|glorified]] as a saint by the [[Church of Serbia]], his writings remain highly controversial. Nikolaj Velimirovic was allegedly anti-semitic. (See Bishop Nikolaj Velimirovic: ''Addresses to the Serbian People—Through the Prison Window''. Himmelsthur, Germany: Serbian Orthodox Eparchy for Western Europe, 1985, pp. 161-162).

Others regard his address from Dachau as having been under duress[http://www.balkan-archive.org.yu/kosta/pisma/l-serbs.are.new.jews.html][http://www.balkan-archive.org.yu/kosta/pisma/l-a.little.more.truth.html] and point to the lack of other anti-semitic statements in the rest of his large corpus of writings. He is recorded variously to have said that the Jews "crucified [[Christ]]," but such a statement is historically no different from that in the [[Bible]] or what [[Christians]] have been saying for centuries.

==Glorification==
On [[May 19]], 2003, the Holy Assembly of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church, with one heart and one voice, unanimously decided to enter Bishop Nicholai (Velimirovic) of Ohrid and Ziča into the calendar of saints of our Holy Orthodox Church.

St. Nikolai Velimirovich is often referred to as Serbia's New Chrysostom. St. [[John Maximovitch]], who had been a young instructor at a seminary in Bishop Nikolai's [[diocese]] of Ohrid, called him "a great saint and Chrysostom of our day [whose] significance for Orthodoxy in our time can be compared only with that of Metropolitan [[Anthony (Khrapovitsky) of Kiev|Anthony (Khrapovitsky)]]. ... They were both universal teachers of the Orthodox Church."

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=Sava (Barać)|
title=Bishop of Žiča|
years=1919-1920|
after=Jefrem (Bojović)}}
{{succession|
before=Chrysostom (Kavourides), Metropolitan of Pelagonia|
title=Bishop of Ohrid|
years=1920-1929|
after=[[Platon of Banja Luka|St. Platon]]}}
{{succession|
before=Jefrem (Bojović)|
title=Bishop of Žiča|
years=1937-1956|
after=[[German of Serbia|German]]}}

{{end box}}

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 8)

:O golden-tongued preacher proclaiming the risen Christ,
:Everlasting guide of the cross-bearing Serbian people,
:Resounding harp of the Holy Spirit, and dear to monastics who rejoice in you,
:Pride and boast of the priesthood, teacher of repentance, master for all nations,
:Guide of those in the army of Christ as they pray to God,
:Holy Nicholas teacher in America and pride of the Serbian people,
:With all the saints, implore the only Lover of mankind
:To grant us peace and joy in his heavenly kingdom!

[[Kontakion]] (Tone 3)

:Born at Lelich in Serbia,
:You served as archpastor at the church of Saint Nahum in Ochrid.
:Taking your place on the throne of Saint Sabbas at Zhicha,
:You taught God's people and enlightened them with the Gospel.
:You brought people to repentance and the love of Christ,
:And for Christ you endured suffering at Dachau.
:Therefore we glorify you, a new Nicholas well–pleasing to God.

==Works==
===Prayers===
*[http://www.sv-luka.org/praylake/index.htm '''Prayers by the Lake'''] (1922), One hundred prayers by St Nikolai <ref>Copyright ©2004 [http://store.holycrossbookstore.com/prbylabbiniv.html Holy Cross Bookstore Online]</ref>.

===Books===
*''Beyond Sin and Death'' (1914)
*''The Spiritual Rebirth of Europe'' (1917)
*''Orations on the Universal Man'' (1920)
*''Thoughts on Good and Evil'' (1923)
*''Homilias, volumes I and II'' (1925)
*''[[Prologue from Ohrid]]'' (1926)
*''The Faith of Educated People'' (1928)
*''The War and the Bible'' (1931)
*''The Symbols and Signs'' (1932)
*''"Immanuel"'' (1937)
*''The Religion of Njegos''
*''Speeches under the Mount''
*''The Faith of the Saints'' (1949) (an Orthodox [[Catechism]] in English)
*''Cassiana - the Science on Love'' (1952)
*''The Only Love of Mankind'' (1958)
*''The First Gods Law and the Pyramid of Paradise'' (1959)
*''The Life of St. Sava''. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1989. ISBN 0881410659

===Articles===
*"[http://s3.amazonaws.com/orthodox/WhyVigilLampsLitBeforeIcons.pdf Why are Vigil Lamps lit before Icons?]" (PDF)
* [http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles/VelimirovichBlessEnemies.shtml Quotation: Bless My Enemies O Lord -- by Bp. Nikolai Velimirovich]
* [http://orthodox.cn/saints/nikolaivelimirovich/1934-38littlemissionary_en.htm The Chinese Martyrs by Saint Nikolai Velimirovich] (Little Missionary, 1934 — 1938)

==Notes==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Velimirovic Wikipedia on Nikolai Velimirovic]
*[http://manybooks.net/authors/velimirovicn.html Works online] (''The New Ideal in Education'' and ''The Religious Spirit of the Slavs (1916)'')
*[http://www.roca.org/oa/158/158f.htm A detailed biography]
*[http://www.orthodoxphotos.com/Holy_Fathers/St._Nikolai_Velimirovich/index.shtml#_ftn3 The New Chrysostom, Bishop of Ochrid and Zhicha]
* [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/general/stnikolai.aspx Life of St. Nikolai Velimirovich, The New Chrysostom, Bishop of Ochrid and Zhicha -- OrthodoxInfo.com])
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/author/Nikolai_Velimirovic Works by Nikolai Velimirovic] from Project Gutenberg
*[http://www.rferl.org/reports/eepreport/2004/02/4-180204.asp East European Perspectives, Article by J. Byford]
* Life of Bishop Nicholai (Velimirovich) in ''Portraits of American Saints'', Compiled and Edited by George A. Gray and Jan V. Bear, Diocese Council and Department of Missions Diocese of the West Orthodox Church in America, 650 Micheltorena Street, Los Angeles, California, 1994, pp. 74-77 (Quoted at [http://www.serfes.org/lives/holyhierarchsaintnicholai.htm Serfes.org])

[[Category:American Saints]]
[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Žiča]]
[[Category:Bishops of Ohrid-Bitola]]
[[Category:Modern Writers]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Serbian Saints]]
[[Category:Modern Saints]]

[[ro:Nicolae (Velimirovici)]]

Template:Saints20

2010-10-31T22:47:02Z

Stmitrophan: /* 1919 - 1936 */

===1901-1917===
*1901 Gabriel, abbot of St. Elias Skete, Mt. Athos, [[October 19]];
*1902 [[Jonah of Holy Trinity Monastery|Jonah]] (Peter in schema), founder of Holy Trinity Monastery in Kiev, [[January 9]]
*1903 Arethas of Verkhoturye and Valaam, Venerable, [[May 15]]; [[Cornelius of Krypets|Cornelius]], monk of Krypets Monastery in Pskov, [[December 28]].
*1905 Parthenios Koudouma Monastery, [[July 10]]; [[Apostolos Makrakis]], [[December 25]].
*1906 [[Barnabas of the Gethsemane Skete| Barnabas]], elder of the Gethsemane Skete of St. Sergius Lavra, [[February 17]];
*1907 [[Ilia the Righteous]], [[July 20]]; [[Alexander (Okropiridze) of Guria and Samegrelo]], <ref>[[Alexander (Okropiridze) of Guria and Samegrelo]], saint of the [[Church of Georgia]]</ref>[[October 27]].
*1908 Methodia of Cimola Island, Greece, b. 1865, Venerable, [[October 5]]; [[John of Kronstadt| John]] the Righteous, Wonderworker of Kronstadt, b. 1829, [[October 19]];
*1909 [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]], [[May 7]];
* 1911 [[Joseph of Optina]], Venerable, [[May 9]]
*1912 [[Nicholas of Japan|Nicholas]] Kassatkin, enlightener of Japan [[February 3]].
*1913 Barsanuphius, Venerable of [[Optina Monastery|Optina]], [[April 1]]; Philaret of Ichalka, Ivanovo, saint, [[August 8]];
*1914 [[Maxim Sandovich]], martyred missionary priest, who suffered under the Latins, protomartyr of the Lemkos People, Poland, [[August 6]]
*1915 [[Raphael of Brooklyn]]; Parasceve, Blessed of Diveevo, [[September 22]]; Gabriel, of Pskov-Eleazar Monastery and Kazan, [[September 24]];
*1917-40 [[w:Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union|Persecution of the Orthodox Church in Russia]] begins, with 130,000 priests arrested, 95,000 of whom were executed by firing squad.
*1917 [[Alexis of Goloseyevsky|Alexis]], Venerable of Goloseyevsky Skete, Kiev Caves, [[March 11]], John (Gashkevich), archpriest of Korma, [[May 18]]; [[John Kochurov |John Kochurov of Chicago and St. Petersburg]], priest hieromonk, missionary, and hieromartyr, [[October 31]]; Sergius, Hieromartyr New, [[December 7]];

===1918===
*'''January:''' Jeremiah, Hieromartyr, [[January 1|1]]; John Piankov and Nicholas Yakhontov priests, [[January 5]]; [[Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky) of Kiev and Gallich|St. Vladimir]]; [[January 25]];

*'''February:''' [[Peter of Petrograd |Peter]] (Skipetrov) of Petrograd, Archpriest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 1]]; Michael Lisitsyn , the priest of Ust-Labinskaya, Russia, Joseph Smirnov the protoierey, John Kastorsky the deacon, Vladimir Ilinsky the priest, hieromartyrs and John Perebaskin the martyr, [[February 22]];

*'''April:''' Peter and Prokhor the Martyrs, [[April 11]]; Sergius (Trofimov) of Nizhni-Novgorod, the New Martyr, and one with him, [[April 14]]; John, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 17]]; Bessarion the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 18]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 21]]; Eustaphius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 22]]; Egor (George), Priest of Spas Chekriak village, Russia, New Hieromartyr, [[April 23]]; John the priest and the new hieromartyr, and his childrens, Martyrs Nicholas and Peter, [[April 26]];

*'''May:''' Archpriest Philosoph Ornatsky with his sons Boris and Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, in St. Petersburg, [[May 31]]

*'''June:''' [[Andronik of Perm|Andronicus]], archbishop of Perm, [[Basil of Chernigov|Basil]] Archbishop of Chernigov and Peter the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 4]]; Alexander, Alexis, Alexander, Valentine, Benjamin, Viktor, Alexander, Paul, Vladimir, Ignatius, Michael, Nicholas, Paul, Alexander, Nicholas the priests, Gregory the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, and Athanasius and Alexsander the martyrs, [[June 7]]; Joseph the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 14]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 13]]; Amos the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 15]]; Hermogenes (Germogen), bishop of Tobolsk, Euphremius, Michael and Peter priests, hieromartyrs, and Martyr Constantine, [[June 16]]; Aberkius priest and Nicander, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 17]]; Sergius Florinsky, priest in Estonia, New Hieromartyr, [[June 19]]; John the New Hieromartyr, [[June 21]]; Gennadius, priest, new hieromartyr, [[June 22]]; Alexander, Alexis, Peter priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 23]]; Nicholas and Basil the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 25]]; Gregory, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 26]]; Gregory Nikolsky Priest of Kuban, Alexander and Vladimir priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 27]]; [[Kirion II (Sadzaglishvili) of Georgia|Kirion II]], (b. 1855), catholicos-patriarch of Georgia, New Hieromartyr, [[June 27]]; Basil, deacon and New Hieromartyr, [[June 28]]; Timothy, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 30]]

*'''July:''' Arcadius the priest, new hieromartyr, [[July 1]]; Nilus of Poltava, Hieromonk, New Hieromartyr, [[July 4]]; [[Elizabeth the New Martyr|Grand Duchess Elizabeth]], and Nun Barbara, [[July 5]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 7]]; Alexander and Theodore priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 8]]; Constantine the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 9]]; Peter and Stephen priests, Gregory and Nestor deacons, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 10]]; Constantine, priest, new hieromartyr, [[July 14]]; Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia]] murdered together with his wife [[Alexandra Romanov|Alexandra]] and his childrens, [[July 17]]; Appolinarius the new hieromartyrs, [[July 18]]; Constantine the and Nicholas priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 20]], Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 22]]; Ambrose, bishop of Sarapul, priests Plato and Panteleimon the new hieromartyrs, [[July 27]]; Nicholas the deacon, new hieromartyr, [[July 28]]; John the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[July 30]]

*'''August:''' Viacheslav the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[August 3]]; Joseph, New Hieromartyr, [[August 8]]; Viacheslav, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 10]]; Barlaam, abbot of ,,Belogor St. Nicholas” monastery, and brotherhood: hieromonks Sergius, Ilia, Viacheslav, Iosaph, John, Anoty, hierodeacons Mikhey, Bessarion, Mathew, Euphemia, monks Barnabas, Demetrius, Sabbas, Hermogenus, Arcadius, Euphemia, btothers John, Jacob, Peter, another Jacob, Alexander, Theodore, another Peter, Sergius, Alexis, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 12]]; John, Ioasph and Constantine, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 13]]; Mathew and Alexis the Martyrs, [[August 14]]; Stephen the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 16]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 17]]; Augustine, Archimandrite of Orans Monastery, Nicholas of Nizhni-Novgorod, the Proto-priest, and 15 people with them New Martyrs, [[August 18]]; Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 21]]; Ephraim (Kuznetsov), bishop of Selenginsk, Macarius, bishop of Orlov, John, Alexis, and John Vostorgov, the priests, new hieromartyrs, [[August 22]]; Aristoclius, elder of Moscow, Venerable, [[August 24]]; Michael Voskresensky and Stephen Nemkov, priests, and those with them, in Nizhni-Novgorod, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 27]]; Archimandrite Sergius (Zaytsev) and hieromonks Laurecnce (Nikitin), Seraphim (Kuz'min), hierodeacon Theodosius (Alexandrov), monks Leontius (Kariagin), Stephen, brothers Gregory (Timofeev), Hylarion (Pravdin), John (Sretensky), Sergius (Galin), of Zilantov Monastery of Kazan, [[August 28]]; Peter priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 30]]; Alexander priest and Vladimir deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 31]]

*'''September:''' Barsunuphius, bishop of Kyrilov, John priest, Seraphima, Abbess of Therapontov Convent, and Anatole, Nicholas, Michael and Philip, hieromartyrs, [[September 2]]; Pimen (Belolikov) bishop of Vernensk and Semirechensk, Sergius, Basil, Philip, Vladimir priests, New Hieromartyr, Meletius the martyr, [[September 3]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 6]]; Peter and Michael, priests, Alexander the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 7]]; Gregory the priest and Aleksander the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 9]]; Nicholas and Victor priests, Hieromartyrs, [[September 11]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 14]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, and Eudocia the martyr, [[September 15]]; Paul, Theodosius, Nicodemus and Seraphim, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 17]]; Alexis and Peter, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 18]]; Constantine (Golubev), priest in Bogorodsk, and two others with him, New Martyrs, [[September 19]]; Alexander, Alexis, Constantine, John priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 21]]; Basil, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[September 24]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 27]]; Prokopius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 30]];

*'''October:''' Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 4]]; Constantine and Peter the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 9]]; Philaret and Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 11]]; Simeon, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 15]]; Eugine the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 16]]; Neophit priest, New Hieromartyr, Hyacinth and Callistus the Martyrs, [[October 17]]; Alexis (Stavrovsky), priest in Petrograd, New Martyr, [[October 19]]; Nicholas (Liubomudrov). priest of Latskoye village, Yaroslavl, New Martyr, [[October 20]]; Euphrosyne (Mezenova) the Faster, schema-abbess of Siberia, [[October 12]]; Laurence bishop of Balakhninsk, Alexis priest and Alexis the Martyr. New Hieromartyrs, [[October 24]]; John the priest New, Hieromartyr, [[October 28]]; Nicholas the priest, Cosma, Victor, Naum, Philip, John, Paul, Andrew, Paul, Basil, Alexis, John, New Hieromartyrs, and Agaphia the martyr, [[October 29]]; Leonid the New Hieromartyr, [[October 31]];

*'''November:''' Alexander and Theodore priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 1]]; Bishop Victorin and Priest Basil Luzgin of Glazomicha, Constantine and Anania, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 2]];

*'''December:''' Alexis, John, Alexander and Nicholas priests, Basil deacon and with him 10 Martyrs, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 4]]; Antonius priest, Andronic, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 7]]; Jacob and Alexander priests, Eugraph and his son, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 10]]; [[Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk|Theophanes]], bishop of Solokamsk, (b. 1867), hieromartyrs of the Bolshevik Yoke, and with him 2 Hieromartyrs and 5 Martyrs, [[December 11]]; Vladimir, Priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 16]]; Alexander, Nicholas and Sergius priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 17]]; Michael the priest, [[December 21]]; Saints of Ivangorod: Dimitry (Chistoserdov) and Alexander (Volkov) [[December 26]]; Alexander and Demetrius priests, [[December 26]]; Nikodim, bishop of Belgorod and Arcadius deacon, [[December 28]]; Sergy (Florinsky) of Rakvere, [[December 30]];

===1919 - 1936===
*1919 Death of Saints of Tartu: Platon (Kulbush) bishop of Tallinn, Michael (Bleive) and Nicholas (Bezhanitsky) [[January 1]]; Andrew (Zimin), Archpriest, his wife Lydia, his mother-in-law Domnica, his two daughters and his servant Maria, of Ussurisk [[January 6]]; Nicholas, Theodore and Vladimir priests, Hieromartyrs, [[January 11]]; John priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 16]]; Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 18]]; Basil and Gabriel the priests, [[February 13]]; Nicholas, Saint [[May 5]]; Nicholas and Peter the priests, new hieromartyrs, [[June 7]]; Nicolas, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Alexander, the New Hieromartyr and priest, [[March 17]]; Paul (Voinarsky) the Priest and brothers Paul and Alexis Kiryan, of the Crimea, new martyrs, [[March 29]]; Mitrophan, archbishop of Astrakhan, Leonty, bishop of Enotaeva, and those with him, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 23]]; Juvenal the deacon, [[July 20]]; Eudocia (Shikova) and Novices Daria (Timolina), Dar'ia (Siushinskaya), and Maria of Diveyevo, New Martyrs, [[August 5]] Basil and Parthenius priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 3]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 19]]; Herman, bishop of Volsk, and Michael the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 27]]; Eugraphus, New Hieromartyr, [[November 24]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 2]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 9]]; Tikhon, archbishop of Voronezh and with him 160 martyred priests, [[December 27]]; Nicolas the priest, New Hieromartyr,

*1919-1922 [[w:Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)|Greco-Turkish War]]; [[w:Pontic Greek Genocide|Pontic Greek Genocide]] eliminates the Christian population of Trebizond.
*1920 Zenobius priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 10]]; John and Leontius priests, new hieromartyrs, Constantine deacon and with them 5 Martyrs, [[January 29]]; [[ Silvester of Omsk and Pavlodar|Silvester]] (Olshevsky), bishop of Omsk and Pavlodar, New Hieromartyr, [[February 13]], Methodius the new hieromartyr and Anastasia Andreyevna, fool-for-Christ [[March 1]], Vladimir the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 24]]; [[Nektarios of Aegina]]; Evmenios of Koudouma Monastery, [[July 10]]; Martyr Alexander the priest, [[December 28]]; Michael, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[May 11]]; Vladimir, priest New Hieromartyr, [[August 14]], Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 2]]; Andrew and Theophan, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 3]]; Michael, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Michael Lektorsky Archpriest in Kuban, New Hieromartyr, [[October 28]]; Andrew, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 3]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, and Ephrosia, Virgin-martyr, [[December 9]]; Alexander, priest, new hieromartyr, and John, Martyr, [[December 13]];
*1921 Joseph Hieromartyr and with him 37 Martyrs, [[January 5]]; [[Methodius of Petropavlovsk|Methodius]] bishop of Petropavlovsk, New Hieromartyr, [[February 4]]; Demetrius priest and Anatolius the Martyrs [[February 6]]; [[Lyubov of Ryazan]], fool-for Christ, [[February 8]]; Gregory, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Simon Shleev, bishop of Ufa, New Hieromartyr, [[July 6]]; Seraphim Bogoslovsky, Theognostus, and others of Alma-Ata, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 16]]; Archimandrite Sergius, and those with them, New-Martyrs, [[August 13]]; Vladimir amd Michael priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 3]]; Priest John Maslovsky of Verkhne-Poltavka, Amur, New Hieromartyr, [[September 7]]; Andrew, Gregory, Gregory, John priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 15]]; Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 14]]; Mathew, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 2]];
*1922 Paul and John priests, New Hieromartyrs, Peter, Nicholas, Auksentius, Sergius and Anastasia the Martyrs, [[April 27]]; Basil, Alexander and Christopher and Macarius, New Hieromartyrs and Martyr Sergius, [[May 13]]; [[Benjamin (Kazansky) of Petrograd and Gdovsk|Benjamin (Kazansky)]], Metropolitan of Petrograd and Gdovsk, b. 1873, [[July 31]]; Anatole II (Potapov, the "Younger"), of Optina, New Hiero-confessor, [[July 30]]; Sergius the Archimandrite, George and John of Petrograd, new hieromartyrs, [[July 31]]; Mtr. [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]], ethnomartyr <ref>Metropolitan and ethnomartyr [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]] was canonise in 1993</ref> tortured, d.[[September 9]] (fd. [[August 27]]); Michael the Blessed of Chernigov, New Martyr, [[November 8]];
*1923 [[Alexis of Teklati|Alexis]] (Shushania), hieromonk of Teklati, Georgia, venerable, [[January 18]]; John, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 8]], Seraphim Nikolsky, Hieroschemamonk, new hieromartyr, [[May 31]]; [[Alexei Mechev|Alexius Mechev]], priest of Moscow, [[June 9]]; Agafangel (Preobrazhensky) of Yaroslavl, [[October 3]], Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]];
*1924 Antonina, Abbess of Kizliar, New Hieromartyr, [[March 1]]; Jonah Atamansk, priest of Odessa, [[May 17]]; Nazarius, metropolitan of Kutaisi, Georgia, with Priest-martyrs Herman, Hierotheus, and Simon, and Archdeacon Bessarion, new hieromartyrs, [[August 14]]; Euthymius priest, New Hieromartyr, with 4 martyrs, [[September 3]]; [[Arsenios the Cappadocian]], [[November 10]];
*1925 [[Tikhon of Moscow]], (b. 1865), [[March 25]]; [[Gregory of metropolis of Thessaloniki and Heraclea|Gregory]] (Kallidis) metropolis of Thessaloniki and Heraclea, [[July 25]]; Anatole (Kamensky), archbishop of Irkutsk, New Hieromartyr, [[September 20]]; Anna the Martyr, [[September 28]]; St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]], Bishop of Hankou (b. 1922), [[October 7]];
*1926 [[Macarius of Moscow|Macarius]], metropolitan of Moscow, apostle to the Altai, [[February 16]]
*1927 [[Ambrose (Khelaia) of Georgia|Ambrose]] the Confessor, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, [[March 16]]; Matthew, Hieromonk of Yaramsk in Vyatka, [[May 14]] Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 25]]; Victor the hegumen, with brotherhood, Martyrs of Zelenetsk, [[November 11]];
*1928 Benjamin (Kononov) the Archimandrite and Nicephorus (Kuchin) the Hieromonk of Solovki, New Hieromartyrs, [[April 4]]; Nektarius Venerable of [[Optina Monastery]], [[April 29]]; Hierotheus, bishop of Nikolsk, New Hieromartyr, [[May 31]]; Innocentius the Hieromartyr [[December 24]], Lydia, and with her, soldiers Alexei and Cyril, New Martyrs, [[July 20]]; Maximus the martyr, [[July 31]]; Alexis, venerable hiero-schemamonk of Zosima Hermitage, [[September 19]]; Rachel, schem-anun of Borodino Convent, [[September 27]];
*1929 [[Peter of Voronezh|Peter]] archbishop of Voronezh, New Hieromartyr, [[January 25]]; Romanus, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]]; Theodore Korolev priest, New Hieromartyrs, Ananius Boykov and Michael Boldakov, the Martyrs, [[November 16]];
*1930 Peter priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 10]]; [[Benjamin of Romanov |Benjamin]], bishop of Romanov, New Hieromartyr [[January 15]]; Eugine the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 18]]; Nicholas priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 19]]; [[Basil of Priluksk |Basil]] bishop of Priluksk, new hieromartyr, [[January 25]]; Maria of Gatchina, New Martyr, [[January 26]], Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 6]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 9]]; Peter and Valerian the, priests New Hieromartyrs, [[February 10]]; [[Alexius of Voronezh|Alexius]] (Buy), bishop of Voronezh, New Hieromartyr, [[February 12]]; [[Michael Piataev]] and [[John Kumin]] the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[February 15]]; Alexander, Daniel and Gregory priests and New Hieromartyrs, [[February 21]]; Peter the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 26]]; Nicholas priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 7]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 5]]; Alexander, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 15]]; Basil Derzhavin, priest and hieromartyr, and lay people of the city of Gorodets, Nizhni-Novgorod, [[April 18]]; Maxim, bishop of Serpukhov, new hieromartyr, [[June 23]]; Alexander, George, John, John, Sergius and Theodore priests, Hieromartyrs, Tykhon, George, Cosmas, Euphimius and Peter the Martyrs, [[July 20]]; Anatole the New Hieromartyr, [[July 29]]; Nicholas Prozgrov, New Hieromartyr, [[August 4]]; Nicholas Prozorov the Priest, new hieromartyr, [[August 19]]; Alexander Jacobson, in Solovki, New Martyr, [[September 8]]; Benjamin, bishop of Romanovsk, New Martyr, [[September 22]]; John, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]]; Valerian Novitsky, priest of Telyadovich, New Hieromartyr, [[October 15]]; John the priest , New Hieromartyr, [[October 29]]; Boris the deacon, confessor, Nicholas and Anna, the Martyrs, [[November 10]]; Michael the priest [[December 25]], Hieromartyrs Nicolas priests and Michael deacon [[December 26]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 3]]; Michael, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 25]];
*1931 Victor priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 17]]; [[Athanasia of Zosima Hermitage|Athanasia]], (Lepeshkin) Abbess of Zosima Hermitage, New Martyr, [[January 25]]; Mitrophan, archpriest and New Martyr, [[February 12]]; [[Peter Lagov]], priest in Moscow, New Hieromartyr, [[February 16]]; Mitrophan Buchnoff, Archpriest in Voronezh, New Hieromartyr, [[March 9]]; Vladimir the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 21]]; Nicolas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 28]]; Michael, saint, fool-for-Christ, [[April 1]]; [[Nicholas (Siimo) of Kronstadt|Nicholas]], priest of Kronstadt, [[April 5]]; Athanasia, the Abbess of the Smolensk Hodigitria Convent, near Moscow, New Martyr, [[May 12]]; Macarius, Dyonisius and deacon Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, Martyrs Ignatius and Peter, [[May 28]]; Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 5]]; Nikon the Confessor, Venerable of [[Optina Monastery|Optina]], [[June 25]]; Anthony, archbishop of Archangelsk, New Hieromartyr, [[July 3]]; Euthymius the new martyr, [[July 6]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 22]]; Vladimir, priest, and his brother Boris, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 16]]; Moses, Hieromartyr, [[August 25]]; Mary, Blessed of Diveyevo, [[August 26]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 28]]; Irene, the Virgin-martyr, [[September 17]]; Valentine Sventsitsky, Priest in Moscow Nicholas Kazansky the Priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 7]]; Gregory the confessor, priest, [[October 16]]; Nicholas confessor and priest, [[November 4]]; Niphont the New Hieromartyr and Alexander the Martyr, [[November 10]]; Seraphim the New Hieromartyr, [[November 23]];
*1932 Vladimir the confessor, priest, [[January 11]]; Alexander (Medvedsky) the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[February 18]]; Vladimir, priest and Hieromartyr, [[February 18]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 27]]; [[Papa-Nicholas (Planas) of Athens]], [[March 2]]; John the confessor, [[March 19]]; Nicholas bishop of Velsk, the New Hieromartyr and the martyr Mary, [[April 4]]; George (Lavrov) the Confessor, venerable archimandrite of Kaluga, [[June 21]]; Ignatius, Venerable confessor, [[September 15]]; Aretha the Venerable, [[October 24]]; Vladimir the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 22]]; John, confessor, [[November 23]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, and Vera, Venarable confessor, [[December 2]]; Elias, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 5]]; Ambrosius confessor, bishop of Kamenets-Podolsk, (b. 1878), [[December 7]];
*1933 Alexander, Stephen and Philippe priests, Hieromartyrs, [[January 4]]; Eugenia, the Virgin-martyr, [[January 5]]; Theodore the confessor, priest , [[January 28]]; Vladimir priest, new hieromartyr, [[January 30]]; Sergius priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 26]]; Dimitry Ivanov, Archpriest in Kiev, New Hieromartyr, [[March 4]]; Patrikius the confessor, venerable, [[March 11]]; Alexander the confessor and priest, [[March 12]]; [[Stephen of Izhevsk|Stephen]] (Bekh), bishop of Izhevsk, New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Micael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 29]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 4]]; Arcadius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 7]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 8]]; [[Stephen of Izhevsk|Stephen]] (Bekh) bishop of Izhevsk, New Hieromartyr, [[April 13]]; Nicholas the confessor, priest, [[April 21]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 14]]; Nicholas,. saint priest, [[August 19]];
*1934 Sergius priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 5]]; [[Elias Chetverukhin]], priest of Moscow, New Hieromartyr, [[February 16]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 6]]; [[Victor of Glazov|Victor]], bishop of Glazov, New Hieromartyr, [[April 19]]; Cyprian the New Hieromartyr, [[June 3]]; Magdalena, schema-abbess of New Tikhvin Convent in Siberia, new hieromartyr, [[July 16]]; Alexis Medvedkov, archpriest of Uzine, new hieromartyr, [[July 20]]; John Pommer, archbishop of Riga in Latvia, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]];
*1935 Michael, priest and confessor, new hieromartyr, [[April 17]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 15]]; Eugene (Zernov), metropolitan of Nizhni Novgorod, New Hieromartyr, [[October 30]]; Damascene, bishop of Glukhov (1935) and his father, priest Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 4]];
*1936 [[Theoktista of Voronezh|Theoktista]] Michailovna, fool-for-Christ of Voronezh, the New Martyr, [[February 22]]; Nicholas Kedrov the Priest, new hieromartyr, [[May 15]], Heraclius the confessor, New Hieromartyr, [[May 28]]; Agapitus the confessor, Venerable, [[July 5]]; Matrona Belyakova, fool-for-Christ of Anemnyasevo, New Confessor, [[July 16]]; Peter, metropolitan of Krutitsa, New Hieromartyr, [[August 29]]; Gregory the Cross-bearer, New Martyr, [[November 6]]; Victor, the Martyr, [[December 18]];
*1936-37 Many Russian Orthodox Clerics die in Joseph Stalin's [[w:Great Purge|Great Purge]].

===1937===
*'''January:''' Victor the priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 8]]; [[Cyril of Kazan|Cyril]], metropolitan of Kazan, new hieromartyr, [[January 26]];

*'''February:''' Basil Nadezhnin, Priest in Moscow, New Hieromartyr, [[February 6]]; [[Barlaam of Perm|Barlaam]] archbishop of Perm, New Hieromartyr, [[February 7]]; [[Onisimus of Tula|Onisimus]], bishop of Tula, New Hieromartyr, [[February 14]]; Anna the martyr, [[February 26]];

*'''March:''' Olga the New Hieromartyr, [[March 1]]; Vyacheslav (Leontiev) of Nizhegorod, Priest and new hieromartyr, [[March 4]]; Basil, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 11]],

*'''April:''' Nicholas, Priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 18]]; Theodosius, bishop of Kolomensk, New Hieromartyr, [[April 20]];

*'''May:''' Peter the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 12]]; Abercius, archbishop of Zhitomir, Vladimir Zagarsky, Priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[May 15]]; Victor the New Hieromartyr, [[May 19]];

*'''June:''' Herman Riaschentsov, New Hieromartyr, [[June 8]]; Alexander Kharkovsky the bishop, Anthony, Barsanuphius and Joseph, new hieromartyrs, [[June 12]]; Parthenius the bishop, New Martyr, [[June 19]];

*'''July:''' Demetrius the priest, new hieromartyr, [[July 4]]; James archbishop of Barnaul and with him Peter and John priests, new hieromartyrs, Theodore and John the martyrs, [[July 16]]; Alpheus the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[July 24]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 26]] Basil, Anastasia, Hellen, Aretha, John, John, John and Mavra the martyrs, [[July 28]]; Vladimir, John, Constantine, priests, hieromartyrs, and Anna and Elizabeth the martyrs, [[July 31]];

*'''August:''' Demetrius, the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 1]]; Platon the New Hieromartyr, [[August 2]]; Michael the New Hieromartyr, Simeon and Demetrius the Martyrs, [[August 4]]; Alexander, Peter, Michael, John, Demetrius and Alexis priests, Elisey deacon, New Hieromartyrs, and Athanasius, Hieromartyr, [[August 7]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 8]]; Athanasius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 10]]; Basil, Leonidas, John and Nicholas the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 12]]; Seraphim (Zvezdinsky), bishop of Dmitrov, Nicholas, Jacob the priests and Alexis the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[August 13]]; Eleutherius of Chimkent (Kazakhstan), the Schema-archimandrite, Vladimir and Nicholas priests, New Hieromartyrs, Eleupheria, Eudokia and Theodore, the martyrs, [[August 14]]; Alexander the priest, Anna and Jacob the martyrs, [[August 16]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 17]]; Gregory, priest, New Hieromartyr, and Eugene and Michael new martyrs, [[August 18]]; Paul, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 21]]; Alexis archbishop of Omsk, Theodore bishop of Penza, John bishop of Velikoluk, and with them, Basil, Gabriel, Alexander, Michael, Hilarion, John, Hierotheus and Theodore priests, hieromartyrs, [[August 22]] Paul and John priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 23]]; Nectarius (Trezvinsky), bishop of Yaransk, Victor, Peter and Roman Medved of Moscow, New Hiero-confessor, priests and new hieromartyrs, Demetrius the Martyr, , [[August 26]]; John, John priest and Methodius, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 27]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 28]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, Theodore and Elizaveta, the Martyrs, [[August 30]]; Michael and Myron priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 31]];

*'''September:''' Tatiana and Natalia, Virgin-martyrs, [[September 1]]; Damascene, bishop of Starodub, Herman, bishop of Vyaznikov, Ephimius, John, John, Vladimir, Victor, Basil, Theodore, Peter, Stephen, Stephen, the priests, New Hieromartyrs, Paul and Ksenia the martyrs, [[September 2]]; Alexis and Elias, priests, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]]; Gregory (Lebedev) Bishop of Shliserburg, Sergius (Druzhinin) Bishop of Narva, New Hieromartyrs, Paul, John, Nicholas, Nicholas, John, Nicholas, Alexander, Peter and Michael priests, New Hieromartyrs, Stephen, Martyrs Basil, Peter, Stephen and Alexander the Hieromartyrs, [[September 4]]; Alexis, archbishop of Velikoustiuzh, New Hieromartyr, Euthymius the Martyr, [[September 5]]; Constantine, John and Vsevolod, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 6]]; Eugine, metropolitan of Gorky, Stephan, Eugine, Nicholas and Pakhomius, Gregory, Basil priests, and Leo, New Hieromartyrs [[September 7]]; Demetrius, New Martyr, priest, [[September 8]]; Zaharias, archbishop of Voronezh, Basil, Sergius, Joseph, Alexis priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Basil the Martyr, [[September 9]]; Ismail, Eugine, John, Constantine, Peter, Basil, Gleb, Basil, John, Nicholas, Palladius priests, Meletius and Gabriel, New Hieromartyrs, Symeon and Tatiana, the martyrs, [[September 10]]; Karp (Elb), Priest, hieromartyr, [[September 11]]; Blessed Alexis of Elnat and Zharki, near Kineshma, Theodore, John, Nicolas priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Martyr Alexis [[September 12]]; Stephan, Alexander priests and Nicholas deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 13]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 14]]; John, Jacob, Peter priests and Nicholas deacon, New Hieromartyrs, Mary and Ludmila the Martyrs, [[September 15]]; Gregory Raevsky, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 16]]; Amphilius, bishop of Krasnoiarsk, John, Boris, Michael, Vladimir, Benjamin, Constantine, priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Sergius the Martyr, [[September 18]]; Nilus priest, new hieromartyr and Mary the Virgin-martyr, [[September 19]]; Theoktist and Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 20]]; Theophan, (Tuliakov), metropolitan of Lipetsk and Belo-Russia, Mavrikius, Valentin, Alexander, John, Andrew, Peter, John, priest, New Hieromartyr, Basil and Vladimir the Martyrs, [[September 21]]; Arsenius the archbishop, John the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 23]]; Andrew and Paul priests, New Hieromartyrs, Hieromartyr Vitaly and Martyrs Basil, Sergius and Spiridon, [[September 24]]; Athanasius, Alexander, Demetrius priests, New Hieromartyrs, John and Nicolas the martyrs, [[September 26]]; Peter, metropolitan of Krutitsa, Theodore the priest, new hieromartyrs, [[September 27]]; Hilarion and Michaela the Martyrs, [[September 28]]; Peter, Viacheslav, Peter, Symeon, Basil priests, New Hieromartyrs, Seraphim deacon, Alexandra, Alexis, Matthew, Apollinaris, the martyrs, [[September 30]];

*'''October:''' Alexander, Gregory, Nicolas priests, New Hieromartyrs, John the martyr, [[October 1]]; Demetrius, Nicholas, Micael, Jacob and Tikhon priests, New Hieromartyrs, Basil the Martyr, [[October 4]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 6]]; Demetrius archbishop of Mozhaysk, Jonah bishop of Velizhsk, Hieromartyrs, Seraphim. Peter, Basil, Paul, Peter, Vladimir, Ambrosius, and Pakhomius priests, John the deacon, Victor, John, Nicolas, Elizabeth, Tatiana, Mary and Nadezhda, Nicholas, the martyrs, [[October 8]]; Constantine, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 9]]; Theodore (Pozdeev), archbishop of Volokolamsk, New Hieromartyr, [[October 10]]; Juvenalius (Maslovsky), bishop of Riazan, New Hieromartyr, [[October 11]]; Laurence the Venarable, [[October 12]]; Innocent and Nicolas, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 13]]; Peter, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 14]]; Alexander (Shchukin) Archbishop of Semipalatinsk, New Hieromartyr, [[October 17]]; Andrew, Serius, Nicolas and Sergius priests, New Hieromartyrs, Elizabeth the martyr, [[October 18]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 19]]; Herman, bishop of Alatyr, Zosima, John, John, John, Nicholas, Leonid, John and Alexander priests, Michael and Peter deacons, New Hieromartyrs, and Paul the Martyr, [[October 20]]; Paulinus, bishop of Mogilev, Arkadius, bishop of Ekaterinburg, and with them Anatolius, Nicander, Constantine, Sergius, Basil, Theodore, Vladimir, Nicholas, John, Basil, Alexander, Demetrius and Alexis the priests, Sergius and John the deacons, New Hieromartyrs, and Cyprian the Martyr, [[October 21]]; Seraphim archbishop of Uglich, German the archimandrite, Vladimir, Alexander, Basil, Alexander, Nicholas, Nicholas, priests, New Hieromartyrs, Herman, Gregory and Menas the Martyrs, [[October 22]]; Vladimir Ambartsumov, Archpriest in Moscow, Nicholas, Vladimir, Alexander, Nicholas, Emilian and Sozont, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 23]]; John and Nicholas priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 24]]; Eugine priest, New Hieromartyr, and Anastasia the martyr, [[October 29]]; Vsevolod, Alexander, Sergius, Alexis, Basil priests, Anatolius, Euphrosynus, New Hieromartyrs, and James the Martyr, [[October 31]];

*'''November:''' Sergius, archbishop of Eletsk, Alexander and Demetrius priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Elizabeth the martyr, [[November 1]]; Basil, Peter, Basil, Alexander, Vladimir, Sergius, Nicholas, Vicentius, John, Peter, Alexander, Paul, Cosmas the priests and Simeon the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 3]]; Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 4]]; Gabriel, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 5]]; Nicitas bishop of Orekhovo-Zuev, Anatoly, Arsenius, Nicholas, Nicolas, Constantine priests, Barlaam, Gabriel, Gabriel, New Hieromartyrs, Nina and Seraphima the Hieromartyrs, [[November 6]]; Cyril (Smirnov) metropolitan of Kazan, Michael, Alexander, Aleksander, Michael, Aleksander, Nicolas, Alexis, Paul, Basil, Nicolas, Paulinus priests, John and Benjamin deacons, hieromartyrs, Nicolas, Gregory and Elisabeth the Martyrs, [[November 7]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 8]]; Parthenius bishop of Ananiev, Constantine, Demetrius, Nestor, Theodore, Constantine, Victor, Elias priests, Joseph deacon and Alexis, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 9]]; Prokopius (Titov) archbishop of Odessa, Augustine (Belyaev), archbishop of Kaluga, Dionisius, John, John Peter and Ioanicius, the priests, New Hieromartyrs, Alexis, Appolon, Michael the Martyrs [[November 10]]; Eugene, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 11]]; Constantine, Vladimir, Alexander, Matthew, Demetrius priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 12]]; Demetrius, Alexander, Victor, Alexis, Michael, Michael, Theodore, Peter, Alexis, Sergius, Nicholas, Basil, Alexander, Nicholas, Demetrius, Demetrius, Porphirius, Basil, George, Basil, Sergius the priests, Nicholas the deacon, Aristrah, New Hieromartyrs, Gabriel and Anna, the Martyrs, [[November 14]]; Nicholas and Peter priests, Gregory and Nicitas deacons, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 15]]; John, Nicholas, Victor, Basil, Makarius and Michael priests, Panteleimon, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 16]]; Porphirius (Gulevich) bishop of Simpheropol an Crimeria, Ioasaph (Udalov) bishop of Chistopol, Barpholomeus (Ratnykh), monk, Vladimir Pischulin, Demetrius Kiranov, John Bliumovich, Nicholas Mezentsev, priest Thimoty Izotov, priests, Sergius, Michael, , John, Constantine, Alexander, Ignatius, Simeon, John, John, Demetrius, Jacob, Jacob priests, Ioasaph, Peter, Gregory, Benjamin, Gerasim, Michael, deacon Antonius (Korzh), New Hieromartyrs, Alexandra Valentine, Peter, Leonid, Thimoty the Martyrs, [[November 19]]; Macarius bishop of Ecaterinoslav, Alexis, Alexander, Vladimir, John, Alexis, Basil, Nicholas, John, Emilian, Nocolos priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Arsenius, Eutihius and Hillarion, Ioanicus the hegumen, Tatiana, Hieromartyrs, [[November 20]]; Alexander Khotovitsky of New York and Alexis Benemansky of Tver, priests and New Martyrs, [[November 21]]; Iosaph bishop of Mogilev, John, Basil, Paul, Jacob, Theodore, John, Ilia, Alexis, Aphanasius priests and Gerasimus the New Hieromartyrs, [[November 22]]; Boris bishop of Ivanonsk, Eleazar Spyridonov of Eupatoria priest, Crimea and Martyr Alexander, New Hieromartyr, [[November 23]]; Eugine, Michael, Alexander, Alexis, John, Cornelius, and Metrophanes priests, New Hieromartyrs , and Virgin-martyr Anysia, [[November 24]]; Seraphim archbishop of Smolensk, Gregory, John, Basil, Cosmas, John, Simeon, Hilarion, Iaroslav, Alexander, John, Victor, Andrew priests and Martyr Paul, [[November 25]]; Nicholas, John, Gregory and Nazarius, Basil, Basil, Ilia, Basil, Daniel, Michael, Nicholas priests, Tikhon, Piter, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 26]]; Nicholas archbishop of Vladimir, Basil, Boris, Theodore, Nicholas, Alexis, John, Sergius, John, Sergius, Nicholas priests, , Ioasaf, Cronides, Nicholas, Xenophon, Alexis, Appolos, Seraphim, Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, and John the Martyr, [[November 27]]; [[Seraphim (Chichagov) of Leningrad and Gdovsk |Seraphim (Chichagov)]], metropolitan of of Leningrad and Gdovsk, St. Petersburg, New Hieromartyr, Peter, Alexis, Alexis priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 28]]; John ,priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 30]];

*'''December:''' Constantine, Nicholas, Sergius, Vladimir, John, Theodore, Nicholas, John, Nicholas priests, Danact, Cosmas, New Hieromartyrs, Theuromia, Tamara, Antonina, and Mary, Mary and Matrona the martyrs, [[December 2]]; [[Alexander Hotovitzky]], missionary of America, hieromartyr of the Bolshevik yoke, (b. 1872 ), [[December 4]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr and Ecaterine and Cyra, Virgin-martyrs, [[December 4]]; Sergius, Michael and Sergius priests, Nicephore deacon and Galaction, New Hieromartyrs, and John the Martyr, [[December 7]]; Sergius, New Hieromartyr, [[December 8]]; Basil and Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 9]]; Anatolius, Alexander, Eugine, Constantine, Michael, Nicholas priests, Peter, Michael, Dorotheus, Laurentius, Gregory, and Alexandra, Tatiana and, Eudocia, new hieromatyrs, [[December 10]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 11]]; Vladimir, Alexander, Jacob priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 13]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 14]]; Arcadius, bishop of Bezhetsk, and Elias, Paul, Theodosius, Vladimir, and Alexander, Peter priests, New Hieromartyrs, Makarius the Martyr, [[December 16]]; Peter and John, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 17]]; Thaddeus (Uspensky), archbishop of Tver, Nicholas archbishop of Velikoustiuzh, James, John, Vladimir, and Nicolas the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 18]];Sergius the Hieromartyr, [[December 21]]; Leonidas bishop of Mariysk, Andrew (Ukhtomsky), bishop of Ufa, Alexander priest, Anthisa, Makaria and Valentina [[December 26]]; Martyr Antonina, [[December 27]]; Hieromartyrs Theoctistus, Leonid priests, [[December 28]]; Michael Hieromartyr priest [[December 31]];

===1938===
*'''January:''' [[Alexander archbishop of Samara |Alexander]], archbishop of Samara and with him John, Alexander, John, Alexander, Trophime, Viacheslav, Basil and James priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[January 1]]; Matthew, Martyr [[January 5]]; Paphnutius, Martyr, [[January 7]]; Demetrius, Vladimir priests hieromartyrs, Michael Martyr [[January 8]]; [[Anatolius, Metropolitan of Odessa |Anatolius]], Metropolitan of Odessa, New Hieromartyr, [[January 10]]; Paul the priest, hieromartyr, [[January 17]], Vladimir, Nicholas, Sergius Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[January 18]]; Elias the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 21]]; John, Nicholas, Jacob, Peter, John, John, John and Euthymius priest, new hieromartyrs, [[January 22]]; Seraphim the new mieromartyr, martyrs Evdokia, Ecaterine and Militsa, [[January 23]]; Stephen priest, martyr Boris, [[January 25]]; [[Ignatius of Skopinsk |Ignatius]] bishop of Skopinsk, Arcadius, Vladimir and Bartholomeus the hieromartyrs, and John and Olga the Martyrs, [[January 28]];

*'''February:''' Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 1]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, and Michael the Martyr, [[February 2]]; John, Timothy priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Vladimir, Martyr, [[February 3]]; Eustaphius, John, Alexander, Sergius, John, Theodora, Aleksander, Nicholas, Alexis, Nicholas, Alexis, Alexander, Arcadius, Boris, Michael, Nicholas, Alexis, Andrew, Demetrius, John, Peter priests, the New Hieromartyrs, Martyrs Seraphim, Rafaila, Anna, Catherine, John, Basil, Demetrius, Theodore, and Demetrius, [[February 4]]; Matushka Agatha of Bielorussia, New Martyrs, [[February 5]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 6]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 7]]; Simeon, Andrew, Sergius and Peter, priests and the New Hieromartyrs, [[February 8]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 9]]; [[Anatole of Odessa|Anatole]] (Greesiuk), metropolitan of Odessa, the New Martyr, [[February 10]]; Hieromartyr Theodosius priest, [[January 11]]; Zosimas, Nicholas, Basil, John, Leontius, Vladimir, Parthenius, John, John, Michael priests hieromartyrs, and Martyrs Paul, Anna, Vera and Irina, [[February 13]]; Tryphon the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[February 14]]; Nicholas, Alexis, Alexis the priests and Simeon the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, Paul and Sophia the martyrs, [[February 15]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 16]]; Michael and Paul the priests and New Hieromartyrs, [[February 17]]; Benjamin the hieromonk, Hieromartyr, [[February 18]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 20]]; Constantine priest, Paul deacon the Hieromartyrs and Olga the Martyr, [[February 21]]; Michael, John, Victor, John, Sergius, Andrew priests, Sergius and Antipa the New Hieromartyrs, Parasceva, Stephen, Elizabeth, Irina and Barbara the martyrs, [[February 22]]; Alexis, Nicholas priests and New Hieromartyrs, and Sergius Martyr, [[February 23]]; Alexander, the priest, Mstislava, the martyrs, [[February 25]]; [[John of Rylsk|John]], bishop of Rylsk and John the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[February 26]]; Peter the priest and Hieromartyr, Martyr Michael, [[February 27]];

*'''March:''' Basil, Peter, John, Benjamin, Michael priests and New Hieromartyrs, Anthony, Anna, Daria, Eudokia, Alexandra, Basil, Nadezhda the martyrs, [[March 1]]; Martha and Michael the martyrs, [[March 3]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 4]]; John the priest, Mardarius and Theopanethe New Hieromartyrs, [[March 5]]; Nilus, Matrona, Mary, Eudocia, Ecaterina, Antonina, Nadezhda, Xenia, and Anna the martyrs, [[March 7]]; Michael, Alexis, Demetrius, Sergius, Sergius priests and Nicholas deacon, Iosaph, New Hieromartyrs and Natalia and Alexandra the martyrs, [[March 9]]; Demetrius, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 10]]; John the priest and Vladimir the New Hieromartyrs, [[March 12]]; Michael priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Demetrius, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 15]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, Natalia the Virgin-martyr, [[March 18]]; Matrona, saint, [[March 19]]; Basil the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[March 20]]; Theodore Pozdeyev, Archbishop, New Martyr, [[March 21]]; Basil, Stephen priests, the New Hieromartyr, Anastasia, Alexis, James, the New Martyrs, [[March 23]]; Basil, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 28]]; John, priest New Hieromartyr, [[March 31]];

*'''April:''' Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 1]]; Flegont the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 10]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 11]]; Sergius the New Hieromartyr, priest, [[April 12]]; Alexis, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 21]]; Sergius the Martyr, [[April 24]], Sergius the Martyr, [[April 25]]; Mary the martyr, [[April 27]]; Anna the martyr, [[April 28]];

*'''May:''' Nina the martyr, [[May 1]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 9]]; [[Pachomius of Chernigov|Pachomius]], archbishop of Chernigov, New Hieromartyrs, [[May 15]]; Onuphrius, archbishop of Kursk; Anthony, bishop of Belgorod, and with him priests Metrophan, Alexander, Michael, Matthew, Hippolytus, Nicholas, Basil, Nicholas, Maxim, Alexander, Paul, and Paul, the New Hieromartyrs and Martyrs Michael and Gregory, [[May 19]]; John the deacon, New Hieromartyr, and martyr Andrew, [[May 29]];

*'''June:''' Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 3]]; Onuphrius the bishop, New hieromartyr, [[June 12]]; Nicholas, Alexander, Paul priests and Nicholas deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 14]]; Nicanor, Basil, Alexander, Basil and Sergius the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 18]]; Alexis, Paul and Nicholas priests, Ionna, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 21]]; Theodore and Gabriel the New Hieromartyrs, [[June 22]]; Sebastiana, the martyr, [[June 28]];

*'''July:''' Peter the deacon, new hieromartyr, [[July 15]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 20]]; Peter, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 21]]; Andrew the martyr, [[ July 23]]; Alexis priest, and Pachomius, New Hieromartyr, [[July 29]];

*'''August:''' Nicholas, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[August 3]]; John, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[August 5]] Dimitry (Lyubimov), archbishop of Gdov, Sergius (Tikhomirov), the priest, New Hieromartyrs [[August 6]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 7]]; Nicodemus (Krotov), archbishop of Kostroma and Galich, New Hieromartyr, [[August 8]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 20]]; Vladimir Moschansky, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 25]]; Peter, priest, and Gregory, priest confessor, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 26]]; Ignatius (Lebedev), Schema-archimandrite of St. Peter's Monastery, New Hieromartyr, [[August 30]]; Demetrius, New Hieromartyr, [[August 31]];

*'''September:''' Andronicus, New Hieromartyr, [[September 9]], Warus, bishop of Lipetsk, New Hieromartyr, [[September 10]]; [[Silouan the Athonite]], Venerable monk at the [[St. Panteleimon's Monastery (Athos)|Monastery of St. Panteleimon]], [[September 11]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 21]]; Leonidas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 30]];

*'''October:''' Ismael Rozhdestvensky, Archpriest in Strelna (St. Petersburg), New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Maximilian the New Hieromartyr, [[October 14]]; Alexis, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 16]]; Peter the priest, New Martyr, [[October 24]]; Innocent the New Hieromartyr, [[October 31]];

*'''November:''' Evdokia the Virgin-martyr, [[November 3]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 6]]; Demetrius, Martyr, [[November 16]]; Nicholas the Martyr, [[November 25]]; Paraskeva, Virgin-Martyr, [[November 28]];

*'''December:''' Mary, Virgin-martyr, [[December 2]]; Nicholas and Alexis priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 10]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 13]]; Hieromartyrs Demetrius and Theodore priests [[December 22]]; Hieromartyr Nicetas bishop of Belevsk, [[December 21]]; Hieromartyrs Basil priest, Macarius and John, [[December 23]]; [[Isaac of Optina|Isaac]] II (Bobrikov, the Younger), venerable archimandrite of [[Optina Monastery]], [[December 26]]; Gregory priest, Hieromartyr, and martyrs Augusta and Mary, Agrippina, [[December 26]]; Hieromartyr Aretha priest, [[December 28]]; Peter, Martyr, [[December 31]];

===1939-1944===
*1939 Nicholas the priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 4]]; Basil, priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 7]]; Eugene the Schemamonk of Bielorussia, [[February 5]]; Parasceva, Martyr, [[March 26]]; John the Martyr, [[March 28]]; Eudocia the Martyr, [[April 7]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 9]]; Peter, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[May 14]]; Tavrion the New Hieromartyr, [[May 25]]; Peter the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 27]]; Theogenes, New Hieromartyr, [[June 30]]; Aleksander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 27]]; Nicander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 24]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 26]];
*1940 John, Martyr [[January 7]]; Theodore the Martyr, [[January 19]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 20]]; Michael, New Hieromartyr and priest, [[March 15]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 23]]; Alexander archbishop of Kharkov, New Hieromartyr, [[May 11]]; Damjan (Damian) Strbac of Grahovo, Serbia, New Hieromartyr, [[May 18]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, and martyr Vera, [[June 1]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 13]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 25]]; Gregory the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[June 28]]; Milan Popovic of Rmanj, Serbia, New Hieromartyr, [[June 30]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 27]]; Theodore, New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Leontius the deacon, Hieromartyr, [[December 21]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]]; Theodore, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 14]]; Bassian confessor, archbishop of Tambov, [[December 14]];

*1941 Paul priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 4]]; Michael the confessor, priest, [[January 8]]; Paramon, Righteous of Belorussia, [[February 5]]; Andrew the Martyr, [[February 22]]; Sophia Schema-abbess in Kiev, New Martyr, [[March 22]], Martha the martyr, [[April 13]]; Alexander the confessor, priest, [[April 14]]; [[Sava of Gornji Karlovac]], Serbia, [[]]; Branko of Veljusa, Serbia, hieromartyr, [[April 24]]; John, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 27]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 3]]; [[Gorazd (Pavlik) of Prague]], martyred by Nazis; [[Platon of Banja Luka]], [[May 5]]; Vukasin, Martyr of Serbia, [[May 16]]; Valentine the New Hieromartyr, [[May 19]]; Milan Banjac and Milan Golubovic of Drvar, Serbia, New Hieromartyrs, [[May 26]]; [[Sava of Upper Karlovci|Sava]], bishop of Upper Karlovci, new Hieromartyr, [[June 4]]; George of Serbia, new hieromartyr, [[July 4]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 27]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 31]]; Raphael of Sisatovac, Serbia, Hieromartyr, [[August 21]]; [[Petar (Zimonjić) of Dabar-Bosna]], [[September 4]]; John the Martyr, [[September 17]]; Nicholas the confessor, priest, [[September 25]]; Leonid the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 29]]; Leonidthe priest New Hieromartyr, [[October 30]] (?); Peter the Martyr, [[November 1]]; Ismail, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 4]]; Olga the Virgin-martyr, [[November 10]]; Sergius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 14]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 28]]; Sergius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[ November 29]]; [[Dositheus of Zagreb| Dositheus]], Metropolitan of Zagreb, Confessor, [[December 31]]; Gennadius, New Hieromartyr, [[December 5]]; Peter and Basil priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 7]]; Sergius Mechev of Moscow, Priest, New Martyr, [[December 9]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 11]]; Emilian and Basil, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 13]]; Hieromartyr [[Djordje Bogic|Đorđe (George) Bogić]], a parish priest of Našice

*1941-45 Croatian [[w:Ustaše|Ustasa]] terrorists kill 500,000 Orthodox Serbs, expel 250,000 and force 250,000 to convert to [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]]; Momcilo Grgurevic, Dobroslav Blazenovic, Milan Bozic, Mihailo Djusic, Jovan Zecevic, Bozidar Jovic, Bogdan Lalic, Trifun Maksimovic, Velimir Mijatovic, Bozidar Minic, Miladin Minic, Marko Popovic, Dimitrije Rajanovic, Budimir Sokolovic, Relja Spahic, Lazar Culibrk, Savo Siljac, Savo Skaljka, Milorad Vukojicic, Ratomir Jankovic, Mihailo Jevdjevic, Dusan Prijovic, Dobrosav Sokovic, Nestor Trkulja, Serafim Dzaric, Andrija Siljak, Slobodan Siljak, and Jovan Rapajic, New Hieromartyrs of Serbia, [[July 11]]; Simo Banjac and Milan Stojisavljevic and his son Martyr Milan of Glamoc, Serbia, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 21]]; Vukosav Milanovic and Rodoljub Samardzic of Kulen Bakufa, New Hieromartyrs, Serbia, [[July 25]]; New Martyrs of Jasenovac (Serbia), [[August 31]];

*1942 John, [[January 6]]; Michael, priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 15]]; Alexandra and Michael the martyrs, [[February 5]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 7]], Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 8]]; Philaret the New Hieromartyr, [[February 22]]; Alexander, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 1]]; Vladimir the Martyr, [[March 8]]; Victor the priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 17]]; Gabriel the New Martyr, [[April 9]]; Demetrius the Martyr, [[April 10]]; Theodore, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 17]]; Tamara the martyr, [[April 18]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 19]]; Demetrius the Martyr, [[April 22]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 4]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 18]]; Michael, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[May 22]]; Hermogenas the Martyr, [[May 28]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 30]]; Barlaam Riaschentsov the priest, new hieromartyr, [[June 8]]; [[Joanikije (Lipovac) of Montenegro]], [[July 20]]; Nicetas the new martyr, [[June 21]]; Alexis, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[July 1]]; Nicholas the confessors, priest, [[July 24]]; Theodore Tonkovid, priest of Lovets (Pskov), New Hieromartyr, [[July 25]], Ignatius of Jablechna (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), new hieromartyr, [[July 28]]; Basil (Preobrazhensky), bishop of Kineshma, New Hieromartyr, [[August 13]]; Ignatius, New Martyr, [[August 21]]; Gorazd of Prague, Bohemia and Moravo-Cilezsk, Martyr, [[August 22]], Helen, the Virgin-Martyr, [[September 4]]; Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 9]]; Nicolas, deacon, Hieromartyr, [[September 11]] Sergius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 16]] Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 21]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 7]]; Barlaam, the New Hieromartyr, [[October 8]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 15]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 16]]; Euphrosyne the Venerable, [[October 23]]; Mathew the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 30]]; Sergius, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[November 3]]; [[Maria Skobtsova |Elias Fondaminskii]], priest, murdered by Nazis, [[November 6]]; Theoctista, the Virgin-martyr, [[November 10]]; Boris, New Hieromartyr, [[November 12]]; Gregory (Peradze) of Georgia, Archimandrite, who suffered in Auschwitz, Poland; (b 1899), New Martyr, [[November 23]]; Boris, Marty, [[December 2]]; Sergius, deacon, New Hieromartyr, and Virgin-martyr Vera, [[December 18]]; Hieromartyr Sergius priest [[December 24]].

*1943 Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 9]]; Sergius the priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 12]]; John the Martyr, [[April 4]]; James the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 6]]; Sergius Zacharczuk Priest of Nabroz (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[April 23]]; Nicolas the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[May 4]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 5]]; Pelagia the Martyr, [[June 17]]; Theodore the New martyr, [[July 6]] Paul Szwajko the Priest and Joanna the Presbytera, of Graboviec (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), [[August 15]]; Alexandra, Virgin-martyr, [[September 17]]; Seraphim (Zagorovsky), confessor Hieromonk of Kharkov, Martyr, [[September 30]];

*1943-44 Hundreds of Orthodox priests of the [[Church of Ukraine|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] eliminated, tortured and drowned by Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists - [[w:Ukrainian Insurgent Army|Ukrainian Rebel Army]], aided by [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniate]] Metr. Josyf Slipyj who was a spiritual leader of Nazi military units that were later condemned by the Nuremberg tribunal, and who was imprisoned by Soviet authorities for aiding the UPA.

===1944-2000===
*1944 [[Ekvtime (Kereselidze) Confessor of Georgia]], [[January 20]]; [[Demetrius Klepinine]], priest in Paris, died at Ravensbruck prison camp, Germany, hieromartyr, [[January 27]]; Leo Korobczuk, priest in Laskov (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[February 25]]; [[Nicholas Holz]], Priest in Novosiolki (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[March 20]]; Peter Ochryzko, Priest in Chartoviec (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[March 28]]; Macarius the schema-bishop of ‘’St. Macarius the Roman’’ Monastery, near Lezna, New Hieromartyr, [[April 1]]; Pelagea the martyr, [[June 13]]; Joh the Martyr, [[June 30]]; George Skobtsov, martyr, son of St. [[Maria Skobtsova]], [[July 20]]; Pelagia, New Hieromartyr, [[October 21]]

*1945-90 Persecution of the [[Church of Albania|Orthodox Church in Albania]].

*1945 Mary, Virgin-martyr, [[January 12]]; [[Dositheus (Vasich) of Zagreb|Dositheus]], Metropolitan of Zagreb, [[January 13]]; Stephen the Martyr, [[January 30]]; [[Maria Skobtsova]], venerable nun, who suffered at Ravensbruck, in northern Germany, [[March 18]]; Basil Martysz, Protopresbyter in Teratyn (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[April 21]]; [[Joanikije_(Lipovac)_of_Montenegro|Ioannicus]], metropolitan of Montenegro and Littoral [[June 4]]; [[Arseny (Chagovtsov) of Winnipeg]], [[October 4]]; Basil, bishop of Kineshma, New Hieromartyr, [[July 31]]; Khionia the confessor, [[October 4]];

*1946 Seraphim, New Hieromartyr, [[August 24]];

*1947 [[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia|Alexei Kabalyiuk]], <ref>Saint [[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia]] was glorified by the [[Church of Ukraine]] ([[Moscow Patriarchate]]) in 2001. His relics are in Iza of the Ukraine.</ref> Apostle and 1st Saint of Carpatho-Russia [[December 2]].

*1948 Sergius Serebriansky, archbishop and confessor, [[March 23]]; [[Savvas the New of Kalymnos]], [[April 7]]; Nicholas, confessor, priest, [[November 18]]; Anna and Tatiana, confessors, [[December 10]];

*1949 [[Seraphim of Viritsa]], [[March 21]].

*1950 Venerable Laurence of Chernigov, [[January 11]], Sergius, priest confessor, [[December 5]];

*1951 John the confessors, priest, [[July 24]];

*1952 Matrona the Blind of Moscow, born in 1885, [[April 19]]; Demetrius, confessor, priest, [[August 27]]; Paraskeva, Venerable confessor, [[November 22]];

*1953 [[Euthymius of Tbilisi| Euthymius]] (Taqaishvili) the Man of God of Tbilisi, [[January 3]]; Peter the Deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]];

*1954 Thecla the confessor, [[December 10]];

*1955 Nicholas, mitropolitan confessor of Alma-Ata, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]]

*1956 [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], [[March 18]].

*1957 John (Maisuradze), confessor of Georgia, [[January 21]], Raphael the confessor, Venerable, [[June 6]];

*1958 Anna, Venerable confessor, [[December 10]];

*1959 Elder [[Joseph the Hesychast]] (1898-1959); Elder [[George (Karslidis) of Drama]] (1901-1959), [[November 4]]; Gabriel the venarable confessor, [[October 5]];

*1960 [[Symeon of Pskov| Symeon]] of the Pskov Caves, Venerable, [[January 5]]; George-John (Mkheidze) of [[Georgia]], [[January 21]]; [[Anthimos of Chios]] [[February 15]]; John (Iacob) the Romanian (the Chozebite) [[August 5]]; Gregory, confessor, [[December 3]];

*1961 John the confessor, venerable, [[January 14]]; [[Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) of Simferopol and Crimea|Luke]], hierarch-surgeon of Simferopol and Crimea, confessor, (b. 1877), [[May 29]], Alexander, Venerable, confessor, [[August 14]];

*1962 Athanasius (Sakharov) the Confessor, bishop of Kovrov, [[October 15]];

*1963 Matrona the Confessor of Diveyevo, [[October 25]];

*1964 Kuksha of Odessa, (b. 1875), venerable confessor, [[December 11]]; [[Varnava Nastic]] of Bosnia, New Hiero-confessor, [[November 12]]; Elder [[Gervasius of Patras]] (1877-1964) ,

*1966 [[Sebastian of Optina |Sebastian]], Elder of Optina and Karaganda, [[April 6]]; [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker]], Archbishop of Shanghai and San Fransisco, [[July 2]]. [[Ieronymos of Aegina]], (b. 1883), blessed, [[October 3]];

*1967 Iraida the confessor, [[July 25]];

*1970 Elder [[Amphilochios (Makris) of Patmos]] (+1970); Archpriest [[Stefan Wu Zhiquan]] .<ref>http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/harbin/stefanwu_en.htm</ref>, the new martyr.

*1971 Venerable [[Amphilochius of Pochaev]], schema-monk dies [[January 1]] (FD:[[April 29]]).

*1972 [[Leonty of Ivanovo|Leonty]] (Stasevich) of Ivanovo, Venerable, [[January 27]]; [[Leontius of Tarnopol and Jablechna| Leontius]] of Tarnopol and Jablechna (Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[January 27]]; Peter Cheltsov, Archpriest in Smolensk, Hiero-confessor, [[August 30]];

*1975 Papa-[[Dimitris (Gagastathis)]]; Elder [[Demetrius of Trikala]] (1902-1975)

*1979 [[Mathushka|matushka]] [[Olga Michael]], [[November 8]]; [[Justin Popovich]], [[March 25]]; Archimandrite Philoumenos, [[November 16]];

*1980 Elder [[Philotheos (Zervakos) of Paros]] (1884-1980).

*1982 [[Seraphim Rose]] (''not glorified yet'')

*1983 Elder [[Arsenios the cave-dweller of Mt. Athos]].

*1989 Hieromonk [[Kosmas of Zaire]] (1942-1989); Elder [[Epiphanius of Athens]] (+1989)

*1991 Elder [[Porphyrios (Bairaktaris) the Kapsokalivite]]; (Evangelos (Bairaktaris)), [[February 7]]; Elder [[Iacovos (Tsalikis) of Euboea]] (1920-1991)
*1992 [[Gabrielia (Papayannis)]] and [[Chrysanthi of Andros]].
*1993 [[New Martyrs of Optina Pustyn]]; Canonization of [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]].
*1994 Elder [[Paisios (Eznepidis)]] of Mt. [[Athos]], [[July 12]].
*1995 Eldress [[Macrina of Volos]] (1921-1995); [[Gerasimos (Papadopoulos) of Abydos]], [[June 12]].
*1998 Elder [[Ephraim of Katounakia]].
*2000 Fr. [[Grigory Zhu]], September; Blessed [[Stavritsa the Missionary]] (1916-2000)
<noinclude>[[Category:OrthodoxWiki Templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Saints20

2010-09-26T00:11:42Z

Stmitrophan: /* 1944-2000 */

===1901-1917===
*1901 Gabriel, abbot of St. Elias Skete, Mt. Athos, [[October 19]];
*1902 [[Jonah of Holy Trinity Monastery|Jonah]] (Peter in schema), founder of Holy Trinity Monastery in Kiev, [[January 9]]
*1903 Arethas of Verkhoturye and Valaam, Venerable, [[May 15]]; [[Cornelius of Krypets|Cornelius]], monk of Krypets Monastery in Pskov, [[December 28]].
*1905 Parthenios Koudouma Monastery, [[July 10]]; [[Apostolos Makrakis]], [[December 25]].
*1906 [[Barnabas of the Gethsemane Skete| Barnabas]], elder of the Gethsemane Skete of St. Sergius Lavra, [[February 17]];
*1907 [[Ilia the Righteous]], [[July 20]]; [[Alexander (Okropiridze) of Guria and Samegrelo]], <ref>[[Alexander (Okropiridze) of Guria and Samegrelo]], saint of the [[Church of Georgia]]</ref>[[October 27]].
*1908 Methodia of Cimola Island, Greece, b. 1865, Venerable, [[October 5]]; [[John of Kronstadt| John]] the Righteous, Wonderworker of Kronstadt, b. 1829, [[October 19]];
*1909 [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]], [[May 7]];
* 1911 [[Joseph of Optina]], Venerable, [[May 9]]
*1912 [[Nicholas of Japan|Nicholas]] Kassatkin, enlightener of Japan [[February 3]].
*1913 Barsanuphius, Venerable of [[Optina Monastery|Optina]], [[April 1]]; Philaret of Ichalka, Ivanovo, saint, [[August 8]];
*1914 [[Maxim Sandovich]], martyred missionary priest, who suffered under the Latins, protomartyr of the Lemkos People, Poland, [[August 6]]
*1915 [[Raphael of Brooklyn]]; Parasceve, Blessed of Diveevo, [[September 22]]; Gabriel, of Pskov-Eleazar Monastery and Kazan, [[September 24]];
*1917-40 [[w:Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union|Persecution of the Orthodox Church in Russia]] begins, with 130,000 priests arrested, 95,000 of whom were executed by firing squad.
*1917 [[Alexis of Goloseyevsky|Alexis]], Venerable of Goloseyevsky Skete, Kiev Caves, [[March 11]], John (Gashkevich), archpriest of Korma, [[May 18]]; [[John Kochurov |John Kochurov of Chicago and St. Petersburg]], priest hieromonk, missionary, and hieromartyr, [[October 31]]; Sergius, Hieromartyr New, [[December 7]];

===1918===
*'''January:''' Jeremiah, Hieromartyr, [[January 1|1]]; John Piankov and Nicholas Yakhontov priests, [[January 5]]; [[Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky) of Kiev and Gallich|St. Vladimir]]; [[January 25]];

*'''February:''' [[Peter of Petrograd |Peter]] (Skipetrov) of Petrograd, Archpriest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 1]]; Michael Lisitsyn , the priest of Ust-Labinskaya, Russia, Joseph Smirnov the protoierey, John Kastorsky the deacon, Vladimir Ilinsky the priest, hieromartyrs and John Perebaskin the martyr, [[February 22]];

*'''April:''' Peter and Prokhor the Martyrs, [[April 11]]; Sergius (Trofimov) of Nizhni-Novgorod, the New Martyr, and one with him, [[April 14]]; John, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 17]]; Bessarion the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 18]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 21]]; Eustaphius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 22]]; Egor (George), Priest of Spas Chekriak village, Russia, New Hieromartyr, [[April 23]]; John the priest and the new hieromartyr, and his childrens, Martyrs Nicholas and Peter, [[April 26]];

*'''May:''' Archpriest Philosoph Ornatsky with his sons Boris and Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, in St. Petersburg, [[May 31]]

*'''June:''' [[Andronik of Perm|Andronicus]], archbishop of Perm, [[Basil of Chernigov|Basil]] Archbishop of Chernigov and Peter the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 4]]; Alexander, Alexis, Alexander, Valentine, Benjamin, Viktor, Alexander, Paul, Vladimir, Ignatius, Michael, Nicholas, Paul, Alexander, Nicholas the priests, Gregory the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, and Athanasius and Alexsander the martyrs, [[June 7]]; Joseph the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 14]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 13]]; Amos the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 15]]; Hermogenes (Germogen), bishop of Tobolsk, Euphremius, Michael and Peter priests, hieromartyrs, and Martyr Constantine, [[June 16]]; Aberkius priest and Nicander, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 17]]; Sergius Florinsky, priest in Estonia, New Hieromartyr, [[June 19]]; John the New Hieromartyr, [[June 21]]; Gennadius, priest, new hieromartyr, [[June 22]]; Alexander, Alexis, Peter priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 23]]; Nicholas and Basil the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 25]]; Gregory, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 26]]; Gregory Nikolsky Priest of Kuban, Alexander and Vladimir priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 27]]; [[Kirion II (Sadzaglishvili) of Georgia|Kirion II]], (b. 1855), catholicos-patriarch of Georgia, New Hieromartyr, [[June 27]]; Basil, deacon and New Hieromartyr, [[June 28]]; Timothy, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 30]]

*'''July:''' Arcadius the priest, new hieromartyr, [[July 1]]; Nilus of Poltava, Hieromonk, New Hieromartyr, [[July 4]]; [[Elizabeth the New Martyr|Grand Duchess Elizabeth]], and Nun Barbara, [[July 5]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 7]]; Alexander and Theodore priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 8]]; Constantine the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 9]]; Peter and Stephen priests, Gregory and Nestor deacons, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 10]]; Constantine, priest, new hieromartyr, [[July 14]]; Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia]] murdered together with his wife [[Alexandra Romanov|Alexandra]] and his childrens, [[July 17]]; Appolinarius the new hieromartyrs, [[July 18]]; Constantine the and Nicholas priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 20]], Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 22]]; Ambrose, bishop of Sarapul, priests Plato and Panteleimon the new hieromartyrs, [[July 27]]; Nicholas the deacon, new hieromartyr, [[July 28]]; John the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[July 30]]

*'''August:''' Viacheslav the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[August 3]]; Joseph, New Hieromartyr, [[August 8]]; Viacheslav, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 10]]; Barlaam, abbot of ,,Belogor St. Nicholas” monastery, and brotherhood: hieromonks Sergius, Ilia, Viacheslav, Iosaph, John, Anoty, hierodeacons Mikhey, Bessarion, Mathew, Euphemia, monks Barnabas, Demetrius, Sabbas, Hermogenus, Arcadius, Euphemia, btothers John, Jacob, Peter, another Jacob, Alexander, Theodore, another Peter, Sergius, Alexis, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 12]]; John, Ioasph and Constantine, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 13]]; Mathew and Alexis the Martyrs, [[August 14]]; Stephen the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 16]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 17]]; Augustine, Archimandrite of Orans Monastery, Nicholas of Nizhni-Novgorod, the Proto-priest, and 15 people with them New Martyrs, [[August 18]]; Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 21]]; Ephraim (Kuznetsov), bishop of Selenginsk, Macarius, bishop of Orlov, John, Alexis, and John Vostorgov, the priests, new hieromartyrs, [[August 22]]; Aristoclius, elder of Moscow, Venerable, [[August 24]]; Michael Voskresensky and Stephen Nemkov, priests, and those with them, in Nizhni-Novgorod, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 27]]; Archimandrite Sergius (Zaytsev) and hieromonks Laurecnce (Nikitin), Seraphim (Kuz'min), hierodeacon Theodosius (Alexandrov), monks Leontius (Kariagin), Stephen, brothers Gregory (Timofeev), Hylarion (Pravdin), John (Sretensky), Sergius (Galin), of Zilantov Monastery of Kazan, [[August 28]]; Peter priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 30]]; Alexander priest and Vladimir deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 31]]

*'''September:''' Barsunuphius, bishop of Kyrilov, John priest, Seraphima, Abbess of Therapontov Convent, and Anatole, Nicholas, Michael and Philip, hieromartyrs, [[September 2]]; Pimen (Belolikov) bishop of Vernensk and Semirechensk, Sergius, Basil, Philip, Vladimir priests, New Hieromartyr, Meletius the martyr, [[September 3]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 6]]; Peter and Michael, priests, Alexander the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 7]]; Gregory the priest and Aleksander the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 9]]; Nicholas and Victor priests, Hieromartyrs, [[September 11]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 14]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, and Eudocia the martyr, [[September 15]]; Paul, Theodosius, Nicodemus and Seraphim, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 17]]; Alexis and Peter, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 18]]; Constantine (Golubev), priest in Bogorodsk, and two others with him, New Martyrs, [[September 19]]; Alexander, Alexis, Constantine, John priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 21]]; Basil, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[September 24]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 27]]; Prokopius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 30]];

*'''October:''' Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 4]]; Constantine and Peter the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 9]]; Philaret and Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 11]]; Simeon, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 15]]; Eugine the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 16]]; Neophit priest, New Hieromartyr, Hyacinth and Callistus the Martyrs, [[October 17]]; Alexis (Stavrovsky), priest in Petrograd, New Martyr, [[October 19]]; Nicholas (Liubomudrov). priest of Latskoye village, Yaroslavl, New Martyr, [[October 20]]; Euphrosyne (Mezenova) the Faster, schema-abbess of Siberia, [[October 12]]; Laurence bishop of Balakhninsk, Alexis priest and Alexis the Martyr. New Hieromartyrs, [[October 24]]; John the priest New, Hieromartyr, [[October 28]]; Nicholas the priest, Cosma, Victor, Naum, Philip, John, Paul, Andrew, Paul, Basil, Alexis, John, New Hieromartyrs, and Agaphia the martyr, [[October 29]]; Leonid the New Hieromartyr, [[October 31]];

*'''November:''' Alexander and Theodore priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 1]]; Bishop Victorin and Priest Basil Luzgin of Glazomicha, Constantine and Anania, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 2]];

*'''December:''' Alexis, John, Alexander and Nicholas priests, Basil deacon and with him 10 Martyrs, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 4]]; Antonius priest, Andronic, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 7]]; Jacob and Alexander priests, Eugraph and his son, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 10]]; [[Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk|Theophanes]], bishop of Solokamsk, (b. 1867), hieromartyrs of the Bolshevik Yoke, and with him 2 Hieromartyrs and 5 Martyrs, [[December 11]]; Vladimir, Priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 16]]; Alexander, Nicholas and Sergius priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 17]]; Michael the priest, [[December 21]]; Saints of Ivangorod: Dimitry (Chistoserdov) and Alexander (Volkov) [[December 26]]; Alexander and Demetrius priests, [[December 26]]; Nikodim, bishop of Belgorod and Arcadius deacon, [[December 28]]; Sergy (Florinsky) of Rakvere, [[December 30]];

===1919 - 1936===
*1919 Death of Saints of Tartu: Platon (Kulbush) bishop of Tallinn, Michael (Bleive) and Nicholas (Bezhanitsky) [[January 1]]; Andrew (Zimin), Archpriest, his wife Lydia, his mother-in-law Domnica, his two daughters and his servant Maria, of Ussurisk [[January 6]]; Nicholas, Theodore and Vladimir priests, Hieromartyrs, [[January 11]]; John priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 16]]; Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 18]]; Basil and Gabriel the priests, [[February 13]]; Nicholas, Saint [[May 5]]; Nicholas and Peter the priests, new hieromartyrs, [[June 7]]; Nicolas, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Alexander, the New Hieromartyr and priest, [[March 17]]; Paul (Voinarsky) the Priest and brothers Paul and Alexis Kiryan, of the Crimea, new martyrs, [[March 29]]; Mitrophan, archbishop of Astrakhan, Leonty, bishop of Enotaeva, and those with him, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 23]]; Juvenal the deacon, [[July 20]]; Eudocia (Shikova) and Novices Daria (Timolina), Dar'ia (Siushinskaya), and Maria of Diveyevo, New Martyrs, [[August 5]] Basil and Parthenius priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 3]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 19]]; Herman, bishop of Volsk, and Michael the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 27]]; Eugraphus, New Hieromartyr, [[November 24]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 2]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 9]]; Tikhon, archbishop of Voronezh and with him 160 martyred priests, [[December 27]]; Nicolas the priest, New Hieromartyr,

*1919-1922 [[w:Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)|Greco-Turkish War]]; [[w:Pontic Greek Genocide|Pontic Greek Genocide]] eliminates the Christian population of Trebizond.
*1920 Zenobius priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 10]]; John and Leontius priests, new hieromartyrs, Constantine deacon and with them 5 Martyrs, [[January 29]]; [[ Silvester of Omsk and Pavlodar|Silvester]] (Olshevsky), bishop of Omsk and Pavlodar, New Hieromartyr, [[February 13]], Methodius the new hieromartyr and Anastasia Andreyevna, fool-for-Christ [[March 1]], Vladimir the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 24]]; [[Nektarios of Aegina]]; Evmenios of Koudouma Monastery, [[July 10]]; Martyr Alexander the priest, [[December 28]]; Michael, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[May 11]]; Vladimir, priest New Hieromartyr, [[August 14]], Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 2]]; Andrew and Theophan, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 3]]; Michael, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Michael Lektorsky Archpriest in Kuban, New Hieromartyr, [[October 28]]; Andrew, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 3]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, and Ephrosia, Virgin-martyr, [[December 9]]; Alexander, priest, new hieromartyr, and John, Martyr, [[December 13]];
*1921 Joseph Hieromartyr and with him 37 Martyrs, [[January 5]]; [[Methodius of Petropavlovsk|Methodius]] bishop of Petropavlovsk, New Hieromartyr, [[February 4]]; Demetrius priest and Anatolius the Martyrs [[February 6]]; [[Lyubov of Ryazan]], fool-for Christ, [[February 8]]; Gregory, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Simon Shleev, bishop of Ufa, New Hieromartyr, [[July 6]]; Seraphim Bogoslovsky, Theognostus, and others of Alma-Ata, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 16]]; Archimandrite Sergius, and those with them, New-Martyrs, [[August 13]]; Vladimir amd Michael priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 3]]; Priest John Maslovsky of Verkhne-Poltavka, Amur, New Hieromartyr, [[September 7]]; Andrew, Gregory, Gregory, John priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 15]]; Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 14]]; Mathew, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 2]];
*1922 Paul and John priests, New Hieromartyrs, Peter, Nicholas, Auksentius, Sergius and Anastasia the Martyrs, [[April 27]]; Basil, Alexander and Christopher and Macarius, New Hieromartyrs and Martyr Sergius, [[May 13]]; Alexius Mechev, priest of Moscow, [[June 9]]; [[Benjamin (Kazansky) of Petrograd and Gdovsk|Benjamin (Kazansky)]], Metropolitan of Petrograd and Gdovsk, b. 1873, [[July 31]]; Anatole II (Potapov, the "Younger"), of Optina, New Hiero-confessor, [[July 30]]; Sergius the Archimandrite, George and John of Petrograd, new hieromartyrs, [[July 31]]; Mtr. [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]], ethnomartyr <ref>Metropolitan and ethnomartyr [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]] was canonise in 1993</ref> tortured, d.[[September 9]] (fd. [[August 27]]); Michael the Blessed of Chernigov, New Martyr, [[November 8]];
*1923 [[Alexis of Teklati|Alexis]] (Shushania), hieromonk of Teklati, Georgia, venerable, [[January 18]]; John, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 8]], Seraphim Nikolsky, Hieroschemamonk, new hieromartyr, [[May 31]]; Agafangel (Preobrazhensky) of Yaroslavl, [[October 3]], Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]];
*1924 Antonina, Abbess of Kizliar, New Hieromartyr, [[March 1]]; Jonah Atamansk, priest of Odessa, [[May 17]]; Nazarius, metropolitan of Kutaisi, Georgia, with Priest-martyrs Herman, Hierotheus, and Simon, and Archdeacon Bessarion, new hieromartyrs, [[August 14]]; Euthymius priest, New Hieromartyr, with 4 martyrs, [[September 3]]; [[Arsenios the Cappadocian]], [[November 10]];
*1925 [[Tikhon of Moscow]], (b. 1865), [[March 25]]; [[Gregory of metropolis of Thessaloniki and Heraclea|Gregory]] (Kallidis) metropolis of Thessaloniki and Heraclea, [[July 25]]; Anatole (Kamensky), archbishop of Irkutsk, New Hieromartyr, [[September 20]]; Anna the Martyr, [[September 28]]; St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]], Bishop of Hankou (b. 1922), [[October 7]];
*1926 [[Macarius of Moscow|Macarius]], metropolitan of Moscow, apostle to the Altai, [[February 16]]
*1927 [[Ambrose (Khelaia) of Georgia|Ambrose]] the Confessor, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, [[March 16]]; Matthew, Hieromonk of Yaramsk in Vyatka, [[May 14]] Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 25]]; Victor the hegumen, with brotherhood, Martyrs of Zelenetsk, [[November 11]];
*1928 Benjamin (Kononov) the Archimandrite and Nicephorus (Kuchin) the Hieromonk of Solovki, New Hieromartyrs, [[April 4]]; Nektarius Venerable of [[Optina Monastery]], [[April 29]]; Hierotheus, bishop of Nikolsk, New Hieromartyr, [[May 31]]; Innocentius the Hieromartyr [[December 24]], Lydia, and with her, soldiers Alexei and Cyril, New Martyrs, [[July 20]]; Maximus the martyr, [[July 31]]; Alexis, venerable hiero-schemamonk of Zosima Hermitage, [[September 19]]; Rachel, schem-anun of Borodino Convent, [[September 27]];
*1929 [[Peter of Voronezh|Peter]] archbishop of Voronezh, New Hieromartyr, [[January 25]]; Romanus, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]]; Theodore Korolev priest, New Hieromartyrs, Ananius Boykov and Michael Boldakov, the Martyrs, [[November 16]];
*1930 Peter priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 10]]; [[Benjamin of Romanov |Benjamin]], bishop of Romanov, New Hieromartyr [[January 15]]; Eugine the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 18]]; Nicholas priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 19]]; [[Basil of Priluksk |Basil]] bishop of Priluksk, new hieromartyr, [[January 25]]; Maria of Gatchina, New Martyr, [[January 26]], Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 6]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 9]]; Peter and Valerian the, priests New Hieromartyrs, [[February 10]]; [[Alexius of Voronezh|Alexius]] (Buy), bishop of Voronezh, New Hieromartyr, [[February 12]]; [[Michael Piataev]] and [[John Kumin]] the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[February 15]]; Alexander, Daniel and Gregory priests and New Hieromartyrs, [[February 21]]; Peter the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 26]]; Nicholas priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 7]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 5]]; Alexander, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 15]]; Basil Derzhavin, priest and hieromartyr, and lay people of the city of Gorodets, Nizhni-Novgorod, [[April 18]]; Maxim, bishop of Serpukhov, new hieromartyr, [[June 23]]; Alexander, George, John, John, Sergius and Theodore priests, Hieromartyrs, Tykhon, George, Cosmas, Euphimius and Peter the Martyrs, [[July 20]]; Anatole the New Hieromartyr, [[July 29]]; Nicholas Prozgrov, New Hieromartyr, [[August 4]]; Nicholas Prozorov the Priest, new hieromartyr, [[August 19]]; Alexander Jacobson, in Solovki, New Martyr, [[September 8]]; Benjamin, bishop of Romanovsk, New Martyr, [[September 22]]; John, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]]; Valerian Novitsky, priest of Telyadovich, New Hieromartyr, [[October 15]]; John the priest , New Hieromartyr, [[October 29]]; Boris the deacon, confessor, Nicholas and Anna, the Martyrs, [[November 10]]; Michael the priest [[December 25]], Hieromartyrs Nicolas priests and Michael deacon [[December 26]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 3]]; Michael, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 25]];
*1931 Victor priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 17]]; [[Athanasia of Zosima Hermitage|Athanasia]], (Lepeshkin) Abbess of Zosima Hermitage, New Martyr, [[January 25]]; Mitrophan, archpriest and New Martyr, [[February 12]]; [[Peter Lagov]], priest in Moscow, New Hieromartyr, [[February 16]]; Mitrophan Buchnoff, Archpriest in Voronezh, New Hieromartyr, [[March 9]]; Vladimir the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 21]]; Nicolas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 28]]; Michael, saint, fool-for-Christ, [[April 1]]; [[Nicholas (Siimo) of Kronstadt|Nicholas]], priest of Kronstadt, [[April 5]]; Athanasia, the Abbess of the Smolensk Hodigitria Convent, near Moscow, New Martyr, [[May 12]]; Macarius, Dyonisius and deacon Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, Martyrs Ignatius and Peter, [[May 28]]; Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 5]]; Nikon the Confessor, Venerable of [[Optina Monastery|Optina]], [[June 25]]; Anthony, archbishop of Archangelsk, New Hieromartyr, [[July 3]]; Euthymius the new martyr, [[July 6]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 22]]; Vladimir, priest, and his brother Boris, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 16]]; Moses, Hieromartyr, [[August 25]]; Mary, Blessed of Diveyevo, [[August 26]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 28]]; Irene, the Virgin-martyr, [[September 17]]; Valentine Sventsitsky, Priest in Moscow Nicholas Kazansky the Priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 7]]; Gregory the confessor, priest, [[October 16]]; Nicholas confessor and priest, [[November 4]]; Niphont the New Hieromartyr and Alexander the Martyr, [[November 10]]; Seraphim the New Hieromartyr, [[November 23]];
*1932 Vladimir the confessor, priest, [[January 11]]; Alexander (Medvedsky) the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[February 18]]; Vladimir, priest and Hieromartyr, [[February 18]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 27]]; [[Papa-Nicholas (Planas) of Athens]], [[March 2]]; John the confessor, [[March 19]]; Nicholas bishop of Velsk, the New Hieromartyr and the martyr Mary, [[April 4]]; George (Lavrov) the Confessor, venerable archimandrite of Kaluga, [[June 21]]; Ignatius, Venerable confessor, [[September 15]]; Aretha the Venerable, [[October 24]]; Vladimir the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 22]]; John, confessor, [[November 23]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, and Vera, Venarable confessor, [[December 2]]; Elias, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 5]]; Ambrosius confessor, bishop of Kamenets-Podolsk, (b. 1878), [[December 7]];
*1933 Alexander, Stephen and Philippe priests, Hieromartyrs, [[January 4]]; Eugenia, the Virgin-martyr, [[January 5]]; Theodore the confessor, priest , [[January 28]]; Vladimir priest, new hieromartyr, [[January 30]]; Sergius priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 26]]; Dimitry Ivanov, Archpriest in Kiev, New Hieromartyr, [[March 4]]; Patrikius the confessor, venerable, [[March 11]]; Alexander the confessor and priest, [[March 12]]; [[Stephen of Izhevsk|Stephen]] (Bekh), bishop of Izhevsk, New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Micael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 29]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 4]]; Arcadius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 7]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 8]]; [[Stephen of Izhevsk|Stephen]] (Bekh) bishop of Izhevsk, New Hieromartyr, [[April 13]]; Nicholas the confessor, priest, [[April 21]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 14]]; Nicholas,. saint priest, [[August 19]];
*1934 Sergius priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 5]]; [[Elias Chetverukhin]], priest of Moscow, New Hieromartyr, [[February 16]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 6]]; [[Victor of Glazov|Victor]], bishop of Glazov, New Hieromartyr, [[April 19]]; Cyprian the New Hieromartyr, [[June 3]]; Magdalena, schema-abbess of New Tikhvin Convent in Siberia, new hieromartyr, [[July 16]]; Alexis Medvedkov, archpriest of Uzine, new hieromartyr, [[July 20]]; John Pommer, archbishop of Riga in Latvia, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]];
*1935 Michael, priest and confessor, new hieromartyr, [[April 17]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 15]]; Eugene (Zernov), metropolitan of Nizhni Novgorod, New Hieromartyr, [[October 30]]; Damascene, bishop of Glukhov (1935) and his father, priest Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 4]];
*1936 [[Theoktista of Voronezh|Theoktista]] Michailovna, fool-for-Christ of Voronezh, the New Martyr, [[February 22]]; Nicholas Kedrov the Priest, new hieromartyr, [[May 15]], Heraclius the confessor, New Hieromartyr, [[May 28]]; Agapitus the confessor, Venerable, [[July 5]]; Matrona Belyakova, fool-for-Christ of Anemnyasevo, New Confessor, [[July 16]]; Peter, metropolitan of Krutitsa, New Hieromartyr, [[August 29]]; Gregory the Cross-bearer, New Martyr, [[November 6]]; Victor, the Martyr, [[December 18]];
*1936-37 Many Russian Orthodox Clerics die in Joseph Stalin's [[w:Great Purge|Great Purge]].
===1937===
*'''January:''' Victor the priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 8]]; [[Cyril of Kazan|Cyril]], metropolitan of Kazan, new hieromartyr, [[January 26]];

*'''February:''' Basil Nadezhnin, Priest in Moscow, New Hieromartyr, [[February 6]]; [[Barlaam of Perm|Barlaam]] archbishop of Perm, New Hieromartyr, [[February 7]]; [[Onisimus of Tula|Onisimus]], bishop of Tula, New Hieromartyr, [[February 14]]; Anna the martyr, [[February 26]];

*'''March:''' Olga the New Hieromartyr, [[March 1]]; Vyacheslav (Leontiev) of Nizhegorod, Priest and new hieromartyr, [[March 4]]; Basil, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 11]],

*'''April:''' Nicholas, Priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 18]]; Theodosius, bishop of Kolomensk, New Hieromartyr, [[April 20]];

*'''May:''' Peter the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 12]]; Abercius, archbishop of Zhitomir, Vladimir Zagarsky, Priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[May 15]]; Victor the New Hieromartyr, [[May 19]];

*'''June:''' Herman Riaschentsov, New Hieromartyr, [[June 8]]; Alexander Kharkovsky the bishop, Anthony, Barsanuphius and Joseph, new hieromartyrs, [[June 12]]; Parthenius the bishop, New Martyr, [[June 19]];

*'''July:''' Demetrius the priest, new hieromartyr, [[July 4]]; James archbishop of Barnaul and with him Peter and John priests, new hieromartyrs, Theodore and John the martyrs, [[July 16]]; Alpheus the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[July 24]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 26]] Basil, Anastasia, Hellen, Aretha, John, John, John and Mavra the martyrs, [[July 28]]; Vladimir, John, Constantine, priests, hieromartyrs, and Anna and Elizabeth the martyrs, [[July 31]];

*'''August:''' Demetrius, the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 1]]; Platon the New Hieromartyr, [[August 2]]; Michael the New Hieromartyr, Simeon and Demetrius the Martyrs, [[August 4]]; Alexander, Peter, Michael, John, Demetrius and Alexis priests, Elisey deacon, New Hieromartyrs, and Athanasius, Hieromartyr, [[August 7]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 8]]; Athanasius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 10]]; Basil, Leonidas, John and Nicholas the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 12]]; Seraphim (Zvezdinsky), bishop of Dmitrov, Nicholas, Jacob the priests and Alexis the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[August 13]]; Eleutherius of Chimkent (Kazakhstan), the Schema-archimandrite, Vladimir and Nicholas priests, New Hieromartyrs, Eleupheria, Eudokia and Theodore, the martyrs, [[August 14]]; Alexander the priest, Anna and Jacob the martyrs, [[August 16]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 17]]; Gregory, priest, New Hieromartyr, and Eugene and Michael new martyrs, [[August 18]]; Paul, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 21]]; Alexis archbishop of Omsk, Theodore bishop of Penza, John bishop of Velikoluk, and with them, Basil, Gabriel, Alexander, Michael, Hilarion, John, Hierotheus and Theodore priests, hieromartyrs, [[August 22]] Paul and John priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 23]]; Nectarius (Trezvinsky), bishop of Yaransk, Victor, Peter and Roman Medved of Moscow, New Hiero-confessor, priests and new hieromartyrs, Demetrius the Martyr, , [[August 26]]; John, John priest and Methodius, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 27]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 28]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, Theodore and Elizaveta, the Martyrs, [[August 30]]; Michael and Myron priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 31]];

*'''September:''' Tatiana and Natalia, Virgin-martyrs, [[September 1]]; Damascene, bishop of Starodub, Herman, bishop of Vyaznikov, Ephimius, John, John, Vladimir, Victor, Basil, Theodore, Peter, Stephen, Stephen, the priests, New Hieromartyrs, Paul and Ksenia the martyrs, [[September 2]]; Alexis and Elias, priests, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]]; Gregory (Lebedev) Bishop of Shliserburg, Sergius (Druzhinin) Bishop of Narva, New Hieromartyrs, Paul, John, Nicholas, Nicholas, John, Nicholas, Alexander, Peter and Michael priests, New Hieromartyrs, Stephen, Martyrs Basil, Peter, Stephen and Alexander the Hieromartyrs, [[September 4]]; Alexis, archbishop of Velikoustiuzh, New Hieromartyr, Euthymius the Martyr, [[September 5]]; Constantine, John and Vsevolod, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 6]]; Eugine, metropolitan of Gorky, Stephan, Eugine, Nicholas and Pakhomius, Gregory, Basil priests, and Leo, New Hieromartyrs [[September 7]]; Demetrius, New Martyr, priest, [[September 8]]; Zaharias, archbishop of Voronezh, Basil, Sergius, Joseph, Alexis priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Basil the Martyr, [[September 9]]; Ismail, Eugine, John, Constantine, Peter, Basil, Gleb, Basil, John, Nicholas, Palladius priests, Meletius and Gabriel, New Hieromartyrs, Symeon and Tatiana, the martyrs, [[September 10]]; Karp (Elb), Priest, hieromartyr, [[September 11]]; Blessed Alexis of Elnat and Zharki, near Kineshma, Theodore, John, Nicolas priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Martyr Alexis [[September 12]]; Stephan, Alexander priests and Nicholas deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 13]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 14]]; John, Jacob, Peter priests and Nicholas deacon, New Hieromartyrs, Mary and Ludmila the Martyrs, [[September 15]]; Gregory Raevsky, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 16]]; Amphilius, bishop of Krasnoiarsk, John, Boris, Michael, Vladimir, Benjamin, Constantine, priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Sergius the Martyr, [[September 18]]; Nilus priest, new hieromartyr and Mary the Virgin-martyr, [[September 19]]; Theoktist and Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 20]]; Theophan, (Tuliakov), metropolitan of Lipetsk and Belo-Russia, Mavrikius, Valentin, Alexander, John, Andrew, Peter, John, priest, New Hieromartyr, Basil and Vladimir the Martyrs, [[September 21]]; Arsenius the archbishop, John the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 23]]; Andrew and Paul priests, New Hieromartyrs, Hieromartyr Vitaly and Martyrs Basil, Sergius and Spiridon, [[September 24]]; Athanasius, Alexander, Demetrius priests, New Hieromartyrs, John and Nicolas the martyrs, [[September 26]]; Peter, metropolitan of Krutitsa, Theodore the priest, new hieromartyrs, [[September 27]]; Hilarion and Michaela the Martyrs, [[September 28]]; Peter, Viacheslav, Peter, Symeon, Basil priests, New Hieromartyrs, Seraphim deacon, Alexandra, Alexis, Matthew, Apollinaris, the martyrs, [[September 30]];

*'''October:''' Alexander, Gregory, Nicolas priests, New Hieromartyrs, John the martyr, [[October 1]]; Demetrius, Nicholas, Micael, Jacob and Tikhon priests, New Hieromartyrs, Basil the Martyr, [[October 4]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 6]]; Demetrius archbishop of Mozhaysk, Jonah bishop of Velizhsk, Hieromartyrs, Seraphim. Peter, Basil, Paul, Peter, Vladimir, Ambrosius, and Pakhomius priests, John the deacon, Victor, John, Nicolas, Elizabeth, Tatiana, Mary and Nadezhda, Nicholas, the martyrs, [[October 8]]; Constantine, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 9]]; Theodore (Pozdeev), archbishop of Volokolamsk, New Hieromartyr, [[October 10]]; Juvenalius (Maslovsky), bishop of Riazan, New Hieromartyr, [[October 11]]; Laurence the Venarable, [[October 12]]; Innocent and Nicolas, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 13]]; Peter, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 14]]; Alexander (Shchukin) Archbishop of Semipalatinsk, New Hieromartyr, [[October 17]]; Andrew, Serius, Nicolas and Sergius priests, New Hieromartyrs, Elizabeth the martyr, [[October 18]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 19]]; Herman, bishop of Alatyr, Zosima, John, John, John, Nicholas, Leonid, John and Alexander priests, Michael and Peter deacons, New Hieromartyrs, and Paul the Martyr, [[October 20]]; Paulinus, bishop of Mogilev, Arkadius, bishop of Ekaterinburg, and with them Anatolius, Nicander, Constantine, Sergius, Basil, Theodore, Vladimir, Nicholas, John, Basil, Alexander, Demetrius and Alexis the priests, Sergius and John the deacons, New Hieromartyrs, and Cyprian the Martyr, [[October 21]]; Seraphim archbishop of Uglich, German the archimandrite, Vladimir, Alexander, Basil, Alexander, Nicholas, Nicholas, priests, New Hieromartyrs, Herman, Gregory and Menas the Martyrs, [[October 22]]; Vladimir Ambartsumov, Archpriest in Moscow, Nicholas, Vladimir, Alexander, Nicholas, Emilian and Sozont, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 23]]; John and Nicholas priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 24]]; Eugine priest, New Hieromartyr, and Anastasia the martyr, [[October 29]]; Vsevolod, Alexander, Sergius, Alexis, Basil priests, Anatolius, Euphrosynus, New Hieromartyrs, and James the Martyr, [[October 31]];

*'''November:''' Sergius, archbishop of Eletsk, Alexander and Demetrius priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Elizabeth the martyr, [[November 1]]; Basil, Peter, Basil, Alexander, Vladimir, Sergius, Nicholas, Vicentius, John, Peter, Alexander, Paul, Cosmas the priests and Simeon the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 3]]; Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 4]]; Gabriel, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 5]]; Nicitas bishop of Orekhovo-Zuev, Anatoly, Arsenius, Nicholas, Nicolas, Constantine priests, Barlaam, Gabriel, Gabriel, New Hieromartyrs, Nina and Seraphima the Hieromartyrs, [[November 6]]; Cyril (Smirnov) metropolitan of Kazan, Michael, Alexander, Aleksander, Michael, Aleksander, Nicolas, Alexis, Paul, Basil, Nicolas, Paulinus priests, John and Benjamin deacons, hieromartyrs, Nicolas, Gregory and Elisabeth the Martyrs, [[November 7]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 8]]; Parthenius bishop of Ananiev, Constantine, Demetrius, Nestor, Theodore, Constantine, Victor, Elias priests, Joseph deacon and Alexis, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 9]]; Prokopius (Titov) archbishop of Odessa, Augustine (Belyaev), archbishop of Kaluga, Dionisius, John, John Peter and Ioanicius, the priests, New Hieromartyrs, Alexis, Appolon, Michael the Martyrs [[November 10]]; Eugene, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 11]]; Constantine, Vladimir, Alexander, Matthew, Demetrius priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 12]]; Demetrius, Alexander, Victor, Alexis, Michael, Michael, Theodore, Peter, Alexis, Sergius, Nicholas, Basil, Alexander, Nicholas, Demetrius, Demetrius, Porphirius, Basil, George, Basil, Sergius the priests, Nicholas the deacon, Aristrah, New Hieromartyrs, Gabriel and Anna, the Martyrs, [[November 14]]; Nicholas and Peter priests, Gregory and Nicitas deacons, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 15]]; John, Nicholas, Victor, Basil, Makarius and Michael priests, Panteleimon, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 16]]; Porphirius (Gulevich) bishop of Simpheropol an Crimeria, Ioasaph (Udalov) bishop of Chistopol, Barpholomeus (Ratnykh), monk, Vladimir Pischulin, Demetrius Kiranov, John Bliumovich, Nicholas Mezentsev, priest Thimoty Izotov, priests, Sergius, Michael, , John, Constantine, Alexander, Ignatius, Simeon, John, John, Demetrius, Jacob, Jacob priests, Ioasaph, Peter, Gregory, Benjamin, Gerasim, Michael, deacon Antonius (Korzh), New Hieromartyrs, Alexandra Valentine, Peter, Leonid, Thimoty the Martyrs, [[November 19]]; Macarius bishop of Ecaterinoslav, Alexis, Alexander, Vladimir, John, Alexis, Basil, Nicholas, John, Emilian, Nocolos priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Arsenius, Eutihius and Hillarion, Ioanicus the hegumen, Tatiana, Hieromartyrs, [[November 20]]; Alexander Khotovitsky of New York and Alexis Benemansky of Tver, priests and New Martyrs, [[November 21]]; Iosaph bishop of Mogilev, John, Basil, Paul, Jacob, Theodore, John, Ilia, Alexis, Aphanasius priests and Gerasimus the New Hieromartyrs, [[November 22]]; Boris bishop of Ivanonsk, Eleazar Spyridonov of Eupatoria priest, Crimea and Martyr Alexander, New Hieromartyr, [[November 23]]; Eugine, Michael, Alexander, Alexis, John, Cornelius, and Metrophanes priests, New Hieromartyrs , and Virgin-martyr Anysia, [[November 24]]; Seraphim archbishop of Smolensk, Gregory, John, Basil, Cosmas, John, Simeon, Hilarion, Iaroslav, Alexander, John, Victor, Andrew priests and Martyr Paul, [[November 25]]; Nicholas, John, Gregory and Nazarius, Basil, Basil, Ilia, Basil, Daniel, Michael, Nicholas priests, Tikhon, Piter, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 26]]; Nicholas archbishop of Vladimir, Basil, Boris, Theodore, Nicholas, Alexis, John, Sergius, John, Sergius, Nicholas priests, , Ioasaf, Cronides, Nicholas, Xenophon, Alexis, Appolos, Seraphim, Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, and John the Martyr, [[November 27]]; [[Seraphim (Chichagov) of Leningrad and Gdovsk |Seraphim (Chichagov)]], metropolitan of of Leningrad and Gdovsk, St. Petersburg, New Hieromartyr, Peter, Alexis, Alexis priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 28]]; John ,priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 30]];

*'''December:''' Constantine, Nicholas, Sergius, Vladimir, John, Theodore, Nicholas, John, Nicholas priests, Danact, Cosmas, New Hieromartyrs, Theuromia, Tamara, Antonina, and Mary, Mary and Matrona the martyrs, [[December 2]]; [[Alexander Hotovitzky]], missionary of America, hieromartyr of the Bolshevik yoke, (b. 1872 ), [[December 4]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr and Ecaterine and Cyra, Virgin-martyrs, [[December 4]]; Sergius, Michael and Sergius priests, Nicephore deacon and Galaction, New Hieromartyrs, and John the Martyr, [[December 7]]; Sergius, New Hieromartyr, [[December 8]]; Basil and Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 9]]; Anatolius, Alexander, Eugine, Constantine, Michael, Nicholas priests, Peter, Michael, Dorotheus, Laurentius, Gregory, and Alexandra, Tatiana and, Eudocia, new hieromatyrs, [[December 10]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 11]]; Vladimir, Alexander, Jacob priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 13]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 14]]; Arcadius, bishop of Bezhetsk, and Elias, Paul, Theodosius, Vladimir, and Alexander, Peter priests, New Hieromartyrs, Makarius the Martyr, [[December 16]]; Peter and John, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 17]]; Thaddeus (Uspensky), archbishop of Tver, Nicholas archbishop of Velikoustiuzh, James, John, Vladimir, and Nicolas the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 18]];Sergius the Hieromartyr, [[December 21]]; Leonidas bishop of Mariysk, Andrew (Ukhtomsky), bishop of Ufa, Alexander priest, Anthisa, Makaria and Valentina [[December 26]]; Martyr Antonina, [[December 27]]; Hieromartyrs Theoctistus, Leonid priests, [[December 28]]; Michael Hieromartyr priest [[December 31]];

===1938===
*'''January:''' [[Alexander archbishop of Samara |Alexander]], archbishop of Samara and with him John, Alexander, John, Alexander, Trophime, Viacheslav, Basil and James priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[January 1]]; Matthew, Martyr [[January 5]]; Paphnutius, Martyr, [[January 7]]; Demetrius, Vladimir priests hieromartyrs, Michael Martyr [[January 8]]; [[Anatolius, Metropolitan of Odessa |Anatolius]], Metropolitan of Odessa, New Hieromartyr, [[January 10]]; Paul the priest, hieromartyr, [[January 17]], Vladimir, Nicholas, Sergius Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[January 18]]; Elias the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 21]]; John, Nicholas, Jacob, Peter, John, John, John and Euthymius priest, new hieromartyrs, [[January 22]]; Seraphim the new mieromartyr, martyrs Evdokia, Ecaterine and Militsa, [[January 23]]; Stephen priest, martyr Boris, [[January 25]]; [[Ignatius of Skopinsk |Ignatius]] bishop of Skopinsk, Arcadius, Vladimir and Bartholomeus the hieromartyrs, and John and Olga the Martyrs, [[January 28]];

*'''February:''' Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 1]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, and Michael the Martyr, [[February 2]]; John, Timothy priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Vladimir, Martyr, [[February 3]]; Eustaphius, John, Alexander, Sergius, John, Theodora, Aleksander, Nicholas, Alexis, Nicholas, Alexis, Alexander, Arcadius, Boris, Michael, Nicholas, Alexis, Andrew, Demetrius, John, Peter priests, the New Hieromartyrs, Martyrs Seraphim, Rafaila, Anna, Catherine, John, Basil, Demetrius, Theodore, and Demetrius, [[February 4]]; Matushka Agatha of Bielorussia, New Martyrs, [[February 5]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 6]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 7]]; Simeon, Andrew, Sergius and Peter, priests and the New Hieromartyrs, [[February 8]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 9]]; [[Anatole of Odessa|Anatole]] (Greesiuk), metropolitan of Odessa, the New Martyr, [[February 10]]; Hieromartyr Theodosius priest, [[January 11]]; Zosimas, Nicholas, Basil, John, Leontius, Vladimir, Parthenius, John, John, Michael priests hieromartyrs, and Martyrs Paul, Anna, Vera and Irina, [[February 13]]; Tryphon the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[February 14]]; Nicholas, Alexis, Alexis the priests and Simeon the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, Paul and Sophia the martyrs, [[February 15]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 16]]; Michael and Paul the priests and New Hieromartyrs, [[February 17]]; Benjamin the hieromonk, Hieromartyr, [[February 18]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 20]]; Constantine priest, Paul deacon the Hieromartyrs and Olga the Martyr, [[February 21]]; Michael, John, Victor, John, Sergius, Andrew priests, Sergius and Antipa the New Hieromartyrs, Parasceva, Stephen, Elizabeth, Irina and Barbara the martyrs, [[February 22]]; Alexis, Nicholas priests and New Hieromartyrs, and Sergius Martyr, [[February 23]]; Alexander, the priest, Mstislava, the martyrs, [[February 25]]; [[John of Rylsk|John]], bishop of Rylsk and John the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[February 26]]; Peter the priest and Hieromartyr, Martyr Michael, [[February 27]];

*'''March:''' Basil, Peter, John, Benjamin, Michael priests and New Hieromartyrs, Anthony, Anna, Daria, Eudokia, Alexandra, Basil, Nadezhda the martyrs, [[March 1]]; Martha and Michael the martyrs, [[March 3]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 4]]; John the priest, Mardarius and Theopanethe New Hieromartyrs, [[March 5]]; Nilus, Matrona, Mary, Eudocia, Ecaterina, Antonina, Nadezhda, Xenia, and Anna the martyrs, [[March 7]]; Michael, Alexis, Demetrius, Sergius, Sergius priests and Nicholas deacon, Iosaph, New Hieromartyrs and Natalia and Alexandra the martyrs, [[March 9]]; Demetrius, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 10]]; John the priest and Vladimir the New Hieromartyrs, [[March 12]]; Michael priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Demetrius, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 15]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, Natalia the Virgin-martyr, [[March 18]]; Matrona, saint, [[March 19]]; Basil the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[March 20]]; Theodore Pozdeyev, Archbishop, New Martyr, [[March 21]]; Basil, Stephen priests, the New Hieromartyr, Anastasia, Alexis, James, the New Martyrs, [[March 23]]; Basil, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 28]]; John, priest New Hieromartyr, [[March 31]];

*'''April:''' Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 1]]; Flegont the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 10]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 11]]; Sergius the New Hieromartyr, priest, [[April 12]]; Alexis, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 21]]; Sergius the Martyr, [[April 24]], Sergius the Martyr, [[April 25]]; Mary the martyr, [[April 27]]; Anna the martyr, [[April 28]];

*'''May:''' Nina the martyr, [[May 1]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 9]]; [[Pachomius of Chernigov|Pachomius]], archbishop of Chernigov, New Hieromartyrs, [[May 15]]; Onuphrius, archbishop of Kursk; Anthony, bishop of Belgorod, and with him priests Metrophan, Alexander, Michael, Matthew, Hippolytus, Nicholas, Basil, Nicholas, Maxim, Alexander, Paul, and Paul, the New Hieromartyrs and Martyrs Michael and Gregory, [[May 19]]; John the deacon, New Hieromartyr, and martyr Andrew, [[May 29]];

*'''June:''' Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 3]]; Onuphrius the bishop, New hieromartyr, [[June 12]]; Nicholas, Alexander, Paul priests and Nicholas deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 14]]; Nicanor, Basil, Alexander, Basil and Sergius the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 18]]; Alexis, Paul and Nicholas priests, Ionna, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 21]]; Theodore and Gabriel the New Hieromartyrs, [[June 22]]; Sebastiana, the martyr, [[June 28]];

*'''July:''' Peter the deacon, new hieromartyr, [[July 15]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 20]]; Peter, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 21]]; Andrew the martyr, [[ July 23]]; Alexis priest, and Pachomius, New Hieromartyr, [[July 29]];

*'''August:''' Nicholas, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[August 3]]; John, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[August 5]] Dimitry (Lyubimov), archbishop of Gdov, Sergius (Tikhomirov), the priest, New Hieromartyrs [[August 6]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 7]]; Nicodemus (Krotov), archbishop of Kostroma and Galich, New Hieromartyr, [[August 8]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 20]]; Vladimir Moschansky, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 25]]; Peter, priest, and Gregory, priest confessor, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 26]]; Ignatius (Lebedev), Schema-archimandrite of St. Peter's Monastery, New Hieromartyr, [[August 30]]; Demetrius, New Hieromartyr, [[August 31]];

*'''September:''' Andronicus, New Hieromartyr, [[September 9]], Warus, bishop of Lipetsk, New Hieromartyr, [[September 10]]; [[Silouan the Athonite]], Venerable monk at the [[St. Panteleimon's Monastery (Athos)|Monastery of St. Panteleimon]], [[September 11]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 21]]; Leonidas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 30]];

*'''October:''' Ismael Rozhdestvensky, Archpriest in Strelna (St. Petersburg), New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Maximilian the New Hieromartyr, [[October 14]]; Alexis, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 16]]; Peter the priest, New Martyr, [[October 24]]; Innocent the New Hieromartyr, [[October 31]];

*'''November:''' Evdokia the Virgin-martyr, [[November 3]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 6]]; Demetrius, Martyr, [[November 16]]; Nicholas the Martyr, [[November 25]]; Paraskeva, Virgin-Martyr, [[November 28]];

*'''December:''' Mary, Virgin-martyr, [[December 2]]; Nicholas and Alexis priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 10]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 13]]; Hieromartyrs Demetrius and Theodore priests [[December 22]]; Hieromartyr Nicetas bishop of Belevsk, [[December 21]]; Hieromartyrs Basil priest, Macarius and John, [[December 23]]; [[Isaac of Optina|Isaac]] II (Bobrikov, the Younger), venerable archimandrite of [[Optina Monastery]], [[December 26]]; Gregory priest, Hieromartyr, and martyrs Augusta and Mary, Agrippina, [[December 26]]; Hieromartyr Aretha priest, [[December 28]]; Peter, Martyr, [[December 31]];

===1939-1944===
*1939 Nicholas the priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 4]]; Basil, priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 7]]; Eugene the Schemamonk of Bielorussia, [[February 5]]; Parasceva, Martyr, [[March 26]]; John the Martyr, [[March 28]]; Eudocia the Martyr, [[April 7]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 9]]; Peter, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[May 14]]; Tavrion the New Hieromartyr, [[May 25]]; Peter the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 27]]; Theogenes, New Hieromartyr, [[June 30]]; Aleksander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 27]]; Nicander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 24]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 26]];
*1940 John, Martyr [[January 7]]; Theodore the Martyr, [[January 19]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 20]]; Michael, New Hieromartyr and priest, [[March 15]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 23]]; Alexander archbishop of Kharkov, New Hieromartyr, [[May 11]]; Damjan (Damian) Strbac of Grahovo, Serbia, New Hieromartyr, [[May 18]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, and martyr Vera, [[June 1]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 13]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 25]]; Gregory the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[June 28]]; Milan Popovic of Rmanj, Serbia, New Hieromartyr, [[June 30]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 27]]; Theodore, New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Leontius the deacon, Hieromartyr, [[December 21]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]]; Theodore, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 14]]; Bassian confessor, archbishop of Tambov, [[December 14]];

*1941 Paul priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 4]]; Michael the confessor, priest, [[January 8]]; Paramon, Righteous of Belorussia, [[February 5]]; Andrew the Martyr, [[February 22]]; Sophia Schema-abbess in Kiev, New Martyr, [[March 22]], Martha the martyr, [[April 13]]; Alexander the confessor, priest, [[April 14]]; [[Sava of Gornji Karlovac]], Serbia, [[]]; Branko of Veljusa, Serbia, hieromartyr, [[April 24]]; John, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 27]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 3]]; [[Gorazd (Pavlik) of Prague]], martyred by Nazis; [[Platon of Banja Luka]], [[May 5]]; Vukasin, Martyr of Serbia, [[May 16]]; Valentine the New Hieromartyr, [[May 19]]; Milan Banjac and Milan Golubovic of Drvar, Serbia, New Hieromartyrs, [[May 26]]; [[Sava of Upper Karlovci|Sava]], bishop of Upper Karlovci, new Hieromartyr, [[June 4]]; George of Serbia, new hieromartyr, [[July 4]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 27]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 31]]; Raphael of Sisatovac, Serbia, Hieromartyr, [[August 21]]; [[Petar (Zimonjić) of Dabar-Bosna]], [[September 4]]; John the Martyr, [[September 17]]; Nicholas the confessor, priest, [[September 25]]; Leonid the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 29]]; Leonidthe priest New Hieromartyr, [[October 30]] (?); Peter the Martyr, [[November 1]]; Ismail, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 4]]; Olga the Virgin-martyr, [[November 10]]; Sergius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 14]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 28]]; Sergius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[ November 29]]; [[Dositheus of Zagreb| Dositheus]], Metropolitan of Zagreb, Confessor, [[December 31]]; Gennadius, New Hieromartyr, [[December 5]]; Peter and Basil priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 7]]; Sergius Mechev of Moscow, Priest, New Martyr, [[December 9]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 11]]; Emilian and Basil, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 13]]; Hieromartyr [[Djordje Bogic|Đorđe (George) Bogić]], a parish priest of Našice

*1941-45 Croatian [[w:Ustaše|Ustasa]] terrorists kill 500,000 Orthodox Serbs, expel 250,000 and force 250,000 to convert to [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]]; Momcilo Grgurevic, Dobroslav Blazenovic, Milan Bozic, Mihailo Djusic, Jovan Zecevic, Bozidar Jovic, Bogdan Lalic, Trifun Maksimovic, Velimir Mijatovic, Bozidar Minic, Miladin Minic, Marko Popovic, Dimitrije Rajanovic, Budimir Sokolovic, Relja Spahic, Lazar Culibrk, Savo Siljac, Savo Skaljka, Milorad Vukojicic, Ratomir Jankovic, Mihailo Jevdjevic, Dusan Prijovic, Dobrosav Sokovic, Nestor Trkulja, Serafim Dzaric, Andrija Siljak, Slobodan Siljak, and Jovan Rapajic, New Hieromartyrs of Serbia, [[July 11]]; Simo Banjac and Milan Stojisavljevic and his son Martyr Milan of Glamoc, Serbia, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 21]]; Vukosav Milanovic and Rodoljub Samardzic of Kulen Bakufa, New Hieromartyrs, Serbia, [[July 25]]; New Martyrs of Jasenovac (Serbia), [[August 31]];

*1942 John, [[January 6]]; Michael, priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 15]]; Alexandra and Michael the martyrs, [[February 5]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 7]], Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 8]]; Philaret the New Hieromartyr, [[February 22]]; Alexander, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 1]]; Vladimir the Martyr, [[March 8]]; Victor the priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 17]]; Gabriel the New Martyr, [[April 9]]; Demetrius the Martyr, [[April 10]]; Theodore, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 17]]; Tamara the martyr, [[April 18]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 19]]; Demetrius the Martyr, [[April 22]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 4]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 18]]; Michael, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[May 22]]; Hermogenas the Martyr, [[May 28]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 30]]; Barlaam Riaschentsov the priest, new hieromartyr, [[June 8]]; [[Joanikije (Lipovac) of Montenegro]], [[July 20]]; Nicetas the new martyr, [[June 21]]; Alexis, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[July 1]]; Nicholas the confessors, priest, [[July 24]]; Theodore Tonkovid, priest of Lovets (Pskov), New Hieromartyr, [[July 25]], Ignatius of Jablechna (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), new hieromartyr, [[July 28]]; Basil (Preobrazhensky), bishop of Kineshma, New Hieromartyr, [[August 13]]; Ignatius, New Martyr, [[August 21]]; Gorazd of Prague, Bohemia and Moravo-Cilezsk, Martyr, [[August 22]], Helen, the Virgin-Martyr, [[September 4]]; Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 9]]; Nicolas, deacon, Hieromartyr, [[September 11]] Sergius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 16]] Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 21]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 7]]; Barlaam, the New Hieromartyr, [[October 8]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 15]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 16]]; Euphrosyne the Venerable, [[October 23]]; Mathew the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 30]]; Sergius, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[November 3]]; [[Maria Skobtsova |Elias Fondaminskii]], priest, murdered by Nazis, [[November 6]]; Theoctista, the Virgin-martyr, [[November 10]]; Boris, New Hieromartyr, [[November 12]]; Gregory (Peradze) of Georgia, Archimandrite, who suffered in Auschwitz, Poland; (b 1899), New Martyr, [[November 23]]; Boris, Marty, [[December 2]]; Sergius, deacon, New Hieromartyr, and Virgin-martyr Vera, [[December 18]]; Hieromartyr Sergius priest [[December 24]].

*1943 Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 9]]; Sergius the priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 12]]; John the Martyr, [[April 4]]; James the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 6]]; Sergius Zacharczuk Priest of Nabroz (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[April 23]]; Nicolas the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[May 4]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 5]]; Pelagia the Martyr, [[June 17]]; Theodore the New martyr, [[July 6]] Paul Szwajko the Priest and Joanna the Presbytera, of Graboviec (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), [[August 15]]; Alexandra, Virgin-martyr, [[September 17]]; Seraphim (Zagorovsky), confessor Hieromonk of Kharkov, Martyr, [[September 30]];

*1943-44 Hundreds of Orthodox priests of the [[Church of Ukraine|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] eliminated, tortured and drowned by Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists - [[w:Ukrainian Insurgent Army|Ukrainian Rebel Army]], aided by [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniate]] Metr. Josyf Slipyj who was a spiritual leader of Nazi military units that were later condemned by the Nuremberg tribunal, and who was imprisoned by Soviet authorities for aiding the UPA.

===1944-2000===
*1944 [[Ekvtime (Kereselidze) Confessor of Georgia]], [[January 20]]; [[Demetrius Klepinine]], priest in Paris, died at Ravensbruck prison camp, Germany, hieromartyr, [[January 27]]; Leo Korobczuk, priest in Laskov (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[February 25]]; [[Nicholas Holz]], Priest in Novosiolki (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[March 20]]; Peter Ochryzko, Priest in Chartoviec (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[March 28]]; Macarius the schema-bishop of ‘’St. Macarius the Roman’’ Monastery, near Lezna, New Hieromartyr, [[April 1]]; Pelagea the martyr, [[June 13]]; Joh the Martyr, [[June 30]]; George Skobtsov, martyr, son of St. [[Maria Skobtsova]], [[July 20]]; Pelagia, New Hieromartyr, [[October 21]]

*1945-90 Persecution of the [[Church of Albania|Orthodox Church in Albania]].

*1945 Mary, Virgin-martyr, [[January 12]]; [[Dositheus (Vasich) of Zagreb|Dositheus]], Metropolitan of Zagreb, [[January 13]]; Stephen the Martyr, [[January 30]]; [[Maria Skobtsova]], venerable nun, who suffered at Ravensbruck, in northern Germany, [[March 18]]; Basil Martysz, Protopresbyter in Teratyn (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[April 21]]; [[Joanikije_(Lipovac)_of_Montenegro|Ioannicus]], metropolitan of Montenegro and Littoral [[June 4]]; [[Arseny (Chagovtsov) of Winnipeg]], [[October 4]]; Basil, bishop of Kineshma, New Hieromartyr, [[July 31]]; Khionia the confessor, [[October 4]];

*1946 Seraphim, New Hieromartyr, [[August 24]];

*1947 [[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia|Alexei Kabalyiuk]], <ref>Saint [[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia]] was glorified by the [[Church of Ukraine]] ([[Moscow Patriarchate]]) in 2001. His relics are in Iza of the Ukraine.</ref> Apostle and 1st Saint of Carpatho-Russia [[December 2]].

*1948 Sergius Serebriansky, archbishop and confessor, [[March 23]]; [[Savvas the New of Kalymnos]], [[April 7]]; Nicholas, confessor, priest, [[November 18]]; Anna and Tatiana, confessors, [[December 10]];

*1949 [[Seraphim of Viritsa]], [[March 21]].

*1950 Venerable Laurence of Chernigov, [[January 11]], Sergius, priest confessor, [[December 5]];

*1951 John the confessors, priest, [[July 24]];

*1952 Matrona the Blind of Moscow, born in 1885, [[April 19]]; Demetrius, confessor, priest, [[August 27]]; Paraskeva, Venerable confessor, [[November 22]];

*1953 [[Euthymius of Tbilisi| Euthymius]] (Taqaishvili) the Man of God of Tbilisi, [[January 3]]; Peter the Deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]];

*1954 Thecla the confessor, [[December 10]];

*1955 Nicholas, mitropolitan confessor of Alma-Ata, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]]

*1956 [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], [[March 18]].

*1957 John (Maisuradze), confessor of Georgia, [[January 21]], Raphael the confessor, Venerable, [[June 6]];

*1958 Anna, Venerable confessor, [[December 10]];

*1959 Elder [[Joseph the Hesychast]] (1898-1959); Elder [[George (Karslidis) of Drama]] (1901-1959), [[November 4]]; Gabriel the venarable confessor, [[October 5]];

*1960 [[Symeon of Pskov| Symeon]] of the Pskov Caves, Venerable, [[January 5]]; George-John (Mkheidze) of [[Georgia]], [[January 21]]; [[Anthimos of Chios]] [[February 15]]; John (Iacob) the Romanian (the Chozebite) [[August 5]]; Gregory, confessor, [[December 3]];

*1961 John the confessor, venerable, [[January 14]]; [[Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) of Simferopol and Crimea|Luke]], hierarch-surgeon of Simferopol and Crimea, confessor, (b. 1877), [[May 29]], Alexander, Venerable, confessor, [[August 14]];

*1962 Athanasius (Sakharov) the Confessor, bishop of Kovrov, [[October 15]];

*1963 Matrona the Confessor of Diveyevo, [[October 25]];

*1964 Kuksha of Odessa, (b. 1875), venerable confessor, [[December 11]]; [[Varnava Nastic]] of Bosnia, New Hiero-confessor, [[November 12]]; Elder [[Gervasius of Patras]] (1877-1964) ,

*1966 [[Sebastian of Optina |Sebastian]], Elder of Optina and Karaganda, [[April 6]]; [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker]], Archbishop of Shanghai and San Fransisco, [[July 2]]. [[Ieronymos of Aegina]], (b. 1883), blessed, [[October 3]];

*1967 Iraida the confessor, [[July 25]];

*1970 Elder [[Amphilochios (Makris) of Patmos]] (+1970); Archpriest [[Stefan Wu Zhiquan]] .<ref>http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/harbin/stefanwu_en.htm</ref>, the new martyr.

*1971 Venerable [[Amphilochius of Pochaev]], schema-monk dies [[January 1]] (FD:[[April 29]]).

*1972 [[Leonty of Ivanovo|Leonty]] (Stasevich) of Ivanovo, Venerable, [[January 27]]; [[Leontius of Tarnopol and Jablechna| Leontius]] of Tarnopol and Jablechna (Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[January 27]]; Peter Cheltsov, Archpriest in Smolensk, Hiero-confessor, [[August 30]];

*1975 Papa-[[Dimitris (Gagastathis)]]; Elder [[Demetrius of Trikala]] (1902-1975)

*1979 [[Mathushka|matushka]] [[Olga Michael]], [[November 8]]; [[Justin Popovich]], [[March 25]]; Archimandrite Philoumenos, [[November 16]];

*1980 Elder [[Philotheos (Zervakos) of Paros]] (1884-1980).

*1982 [[Seraphim Rose]] (''not glorified yet'')

*1983 Elder [[Arsenios the cave-dweller of Mt. Athos]].

*1989 Hieromonk [[Kosmas of Zaire]] (1942-1989); Elder [[Epiphanius of Athens]] (+1989)

*1991 Elder [[Porphyrios (Bairaktaris) the Kapsokalivite]]; (Evangelos (Bairaktaris)), [[February 7]]; Elder [[Iacovos (Tsalikis) of Euboea]] (1920-1991)
*1992 [[Gabrielia (Papayannis)]] and [[Chrysanthi of Andros]].
*1993 [[New Martyrs of Optina Pustyn]]; Canonization of [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]].
*1994 Elder [[Paisios (Eznepidis)]] of Mt. [[Athos]], [[July 12]].
*1995 Eldress [[Macrina of Volos]] (1921-1995); [[Gerasimos (Papadopoulos) of Abydos]], [[June 12]].
*1998 Elder [[Ephraim of Katounakia]].
*2000 Fr. [[Grigory Zhu]], September; Blessed [[Stavritsa the Missionary]] (1916-2000)
<noinclude>[[Category:OrthodoxWiki Templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Saints20

2010-09-26T00:09:15Z

Stmitrophan: /* 1939-1944 */

===1901-1917===
*1901 Gabriel, abbot of St. Elias Skete, Mt. Athos, [[October 19]];
*1902 [[Jonah of Holy Trinity Monastery|Jonah]] (Peter in schema), founder of Holy Trinity Monastery in Kiev, [[January 9]]
*1903 Arethas of Verkhoturye and Valaam, Venerable, [[May 15]]; [[Cornelius of Krypets|Cornelius]], monk of Krypets Monastery in Pskov, [[December 28]].
*1905 Parthenios Koudouma Monastery, [[July 10]]; [[Apostolos Makrakis]], [[December 25]].
*1906 [[Barnabas of the Gethsemane Skete| Barnabas]], elder of the Gethsemane Skete of St. Sergius Lavra, [[February 17]];
*1907 [[Ilia the Righteous]], [[July 20]]; [[Alexander (Okropiridze) of Guria and Samegrelo]], <ref>[[Alexander (Okropiridze) of Guria and Samegrelo]], saint of the [[Church of Georgia]]</ref>[[October 27]].
*1908 Methodia of Cimola Island, Greece, b. 1865, Venerable, [[October 5]]; [[John of Kronstadt| John]] the Righteous, Wonderworker of Kronstadt, b. 1829, [[October 19]];
*1909 [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]], [[May 7]];
* 1911 [[Joseph of Optina]], Venerable, [[May 9]]
*1912 [[Nicholas of Japan|Nicholas]] Kassatkin, enlightener of Japan [[February 3]].
*1913 Barsanuphius, Venerable of [[Optina Monastery|Optina]], [[April 1]]; Philaret of Ichalka, Ivanovo, saint, [[August 8]];
*1914 [[Maxim Sandovich]], martyred missionary priest, who suffered under the Latins, protomartyr of the Lemkos People, Poland, [[August 6]]
*1915 [[Raphael of Brooklyn]]; Parasceve, Blessed of Diveevo, [[September 22]]; Gabriel, of Pskov-Eleazar Monastery and Kazan, [[September 24]];
*1917-40 [[w:Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union|Persecution of the Orthodox Church in Russia]] begins, with 130,000 priests arrested, 95,000 of whom were executed by firing squad.
*1917 [[Alexis of Goloseyevsky|Alexis]], Venerable of Goloseyevsky Skete, Kiev Caves, [[March 11]], John (Gashkevich), archpriest of Korma, [[May 18]]; [[John Kochurov |John Kochurov of Chicago and St. Petersburg]], priest hieromonk, missionary, and hieromartyr, [[October 31]]; Sergius, Hieromartyr New, [[December 7]];

===1918===
*'''January:''' Jeremiah, Hieromartyr, [[January 1|1]]; John Piankov and Nicholas Yakhontov priests, [[January 5]]; [[Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky) of Kiev and Gallich|St. Vladimir]]; [[January 25]];

*'''February:''' [[Peter of Petrograd |Peter]] (Skipetrov) of Petrograd, Archpriest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 1]]; Michael Lisitsyn , the priest of Ust-Labinskaya, Russia, Joseph Smirnov the protoierey, John Kastorsky the deacon, Vladimir Ilinsky the priest, hieromartyrs and John Perebaskin the martyr, [[February 22]];

*'''April:''' Peter and Prokhor the Martyrs, [[April 11]]; Sergius (Trofimov) of Nizhni-Novgorod, the New Martyr, and one with him, [[April 14]]; John, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 17]]; Bessarion the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 18]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 21]]; Eustaphius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 22]]; Egor (George), Priest of Spas Chekriak village, Russia, New Hieromartyr, [[April 23]]; John the priest and the new hieromartyr, and his childrens, Martyrs Nicholas and Peter, [[April 26]];

*'''May:''' Archpriest Philosoph Ornatsky with his sons Boris and Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, in St. Petersburg, [[May 31]]

*'''June:''' [[Andronik of Perm|Andronicus]], archbishop of Perm, [[Basil of Chernigov|Basil]] Archbishop of Chernigov and Peter the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 4]]; Alexander, Alexis, Alexander, Valentine, Benjamin, Viktor, Alexander, Paul, Vladimir, Ignatius, Michael, Nicholas, Paul, Alexander, Nicholas the priests, Gregory the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, and Athanasius and Alexsander the martyrs, [[June 7]]; Joseph the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 14]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 13]]; Amos the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 15]]; Hermogenes (Germogen), bishop of Tobolsk, Euphremius, Michael and Peter priests, hieromartyrs, and Martyr Constantine, [[June 16]]; Aberkius priest and Nicander, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 17]]; Sergius Florinsky, priest in Estonia, New Hieromartyr, [[June 19]]; John the New Hieromartyr, [[June 21]]; Gennadius, priest, new hieromartyr, [[June 22]]; Alexander, Alexis, Peter priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 23]]; Nicholas and Basil the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 25]]; Gregory, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 26]]; Gregory Nikolsky Priest of Kuban, Alexander and Vladimir priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 27]]; [[Kirion II (Sadzaglishvili) of Georgia|Kirion II]], (b. 1855), catholicos-patriarch of Georgia, New Hieromartyr, [[June 27]]; Basil, deacon and New Hieromartyr, [[June 28]]; Timothy, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 30]]

*'''July:''' Arcadius the priest, new hieromartyr, [[July 1]]; Nilus of Poltava, Hieromonk, New Hieromartyr, [[July 4]]; [[Elizabeth the New Martyr|Grand Duchess Elizabeth]], and Nun Barbara, [[July 5]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 7]]; Alexander and Theodore priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 8]]; Constantine the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 9]]; Peter and Stephen priests, Gregory and Nestor deacons, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 10]]; Constantine, priest, new hieromartyr, [[July 14]]; Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia]] murdered together with his wife [[Alexandra Romanov|Alexandra]] and his childrens, [[July 17]]; Appolinarius the new hieromartyrs, [[July 18]]; Constantine the and Nicholas priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 20]], Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 22]]; Ambrose, bishop of Sarapul, priests Plato and Panteleimon the new hieromartyrs, [[July 27]]; Nicholas the deacon, new hieromartyr, [[July 28]]; John the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[July 30]]

*'''August:''' Viacheslav the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[August 3]]; Joseph, New Hieromartyr, [[August 8]]; Viacheslav, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 10]]; Barlaam, abbot of ,,Belogor St. Nicholas” monastery, and brotherhood: hieromonks Sergius, Ilia, Viacheslav, Iosaph, John, Anoty, hierodeacons Mikhey, Bessarion, Mathew, Euphemia, monks Barnabas, Demetrius, Sabbas, Hermogenus, Arcadius, Euphemia, btothers John, Jacob, Peter, another Jacob, Alexander, Theodore, another Peter, Sergius, Alexis, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 12]]; John, Ioasph and Constantine, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 13]]; Mathew and Alexis the Martyrs, [[August 14]]; Stephen the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 16]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 17]]; Augustine, Archimandrite of Orans Monastery, Nicholas of Nizhni-Novgorod, the Proto-priest, and 15 people with them New Martyrs, [[August 18]]; Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 21]]; Ephraim (Kuznetsov), bishop of Selenginsk, Macarius, bishop of Orlov, John, Alexis, and John Vostorgov, the priests, new hieromartyrs, [[August 22]]; Aristoclius, elder of Moscow, Venerable, [[August 24]]; Michael Voskresensky and Stephen Nemkov, priests, and those with them, in Nizhni-Novgorod, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 27]]; Archimandrite Sergius (Zaytsev) and hieromonks Laurecnce (Nikitin), Seraphim (Kuz'min), hierodeacon Theodosius (Alexandrov), monks Leontius (Kariagin), Stephen, brothers Gregory (Timofeev), Hylarion (Pravdin), John (Sretensky), Sergius (Galin), of Zilantov Monastery of Kazan, [[August 28]]; Peter priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 30]]; Alexander priest and Vladimir deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 31]]

*'''September:''' Barsunuphius, bishop of Kyrilov, John priest, Seraphima, Abbess of Therapontov Convent, and Anatole, Nicholas, Michael and Philip, hieromartyrs, [[September 2]]; Pimen (Belolikov) bishop of Vernensk and Semirechensk, Sergius, Basil, Philip, Vladimir priests, New Hieromartyr, Meletius the martyr, [[September 3]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 6]]; Peter and Michael, priests, Alexander the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 7]]; Gregory the priest and Aleksander the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 9]]; Nicholas and Victor priests, Hieromartyrs, [[September 11]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 14]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, and Eudocia the martyr, [[September 15]]; Paul, Theodosius, Nicodemus and Seraphim, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 17]]; Alexis and Peter, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 18]]; Constantine (Golubev), priest in Bogorodsk, and two others with him, New Martyrs, [[September 19]]; Alexander, Alexis, Constantine, John priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 21]]; Basil, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[September 24]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 27]]; Prokopius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 30]];

*'''October:''' Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 4]]; Constantine and Peter the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 9]]; Philaret and Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 11]]; Simeon, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 15]]; Eugine the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 16]]; Neophit priest, New Hieromartyr, Hyacinth and Callistus the Martyrs, [[October 17]]; Alexis (Stavrovsky), priest in Petrograd, New Martyr, [[October 19]]; Nicholas (Liubomudrov). priest of Latskoye village, Yaroslavl, New Martyr, [[October 20]]; Euphrosyne (Mezenova) the Faster, schema-abbess of Siberia, [[October 12]]; Laurence bishop of Balakhninsk, Alexis priest and Alexis the Martyr. New Hieromartyrs, [[October 24]]; John the priest New, Hieromartyr, [[October 28]]; Nicholas the priest, Cosma, Victor, Naum, Philip, John, Paul, Andrew, Paul, Basil, Alexis, John, New Hieromartyrs, and Agaphia the martyr, [[October 29]]; Leonid the New Hieromartyr, [[October 31]];

*'''November:''' Alexander and Theodore priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 1]]; Bishop Victorin and Priest Basil Luzgin of Glazomicha, Constantine and Anania, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 2]];

*'''December:''' Alexis, John, Alexander and Nicholas priests, Basil deacon and with him 10 Martyrs, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 4]]; Antonius priest, Andronic, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 7]]; Jacob and Alexander priests, Eugraph and his son, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 10]]; [[Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk|Theophanes]], bishop of Solokamsk, (b. 1867), hieromartyrs of the Bolshevik Yoke, and with him 2 Hieromartyrs and 5 Martyrs, [[December 11]]; Vladimir, Priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 16]]; Alexander, Nicholas and Sergius priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 17]]; Michael the priest, [[December 21]]; Saints of Ivangorod: Dimitry (Chistoserdov) and Alexander (Volkov) [[December 26]]; Alexander and Demetrius priests, [[December 26]]; Nikodim, bishop of Belgorod and Arcadius deacon, [[December 28]]; Sergy (Florinsky) of Rakvere, [[December 30]];

===1919 - 1936===
*1919 Death of Saints of Tartu: Platon (Kulbush) bishop of Tallinn, Michael (Bleive) and Nicholas (Bezhanitsky) [[January 1]]; Andrew (Zimin), Archpriest, his wife Lydia, his mother-in-law Domnica, his two daughters and his servant Maria, of Ussurisk [[January 6]]; Nicholas, Theodore and Vladimir priests, Hieromartyrs, [[January 11]]; John priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 16]]; Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 18]]; Basil and Gabriel the priests, [[February 13]]; Nicholas, Saint [[May 5]]; Nicholas and Peter the priests, new hieromartyrs, [[June 7]]; Nicolas, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Alexander, the New Hieromartyr and priest, [[March 17]]; Paul (Voinarsky) the Priest and brothers Paul and Alexis Kiryan, of the Crimea, new martyrs, [[March 29]]; Mitrophan, archbishop of Astrakhan, Leonty, bishop of Enotaeva, and those with him, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 23]]; Juvenal the deacon, [[July 20]]; Eudocia (Shikova) and Novices Daria (Timolina), Dar'ia (Siushinskaya), and Maria of Diveyevo, New Martyrs, [[August 5]] Basil and Parthenius priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 3]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 19]]; Herman, bishop of Volsk, and Michael the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 27]]; Eugraphus, New Hieromartyr, [[November 24]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 2]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 9]]; Tikhon, archbishop of Voronezh and with him 160 martyred priests, [[December 27]]; Nicolas the priest, New Hieromartyr,

*1919-1922 [[w:Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)|Greco-Turkish War]]; [[w:Pontic Greek Genocide|Pontic Greek Genocide]] eliminates the Christian population of Trebizond.
*1920 Zenobius priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 10]]; John and Leontius priests, new hieromartyrs, Constantine deacon and with them 5 Martyrs, [[January 29]]; [[ Silvester of Omsk and Pavlodar|Silvester]] (Olshevsky), bishop of Omsk and Pavlodar, New Hieromartyr, [[February 13]], Methodius the new hieromartyr and Anastasia Andreyevna, fool-for-Christ [[March 1]], Vladimir the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 24]]; [[Nektarios of Aegina]]; Evmenios of Koudouma Monastery, [[July 10]]; Martyr Alexander the priest, [[December 28]]; Michael, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[May 11]]; Vladimir, priest New Hieromartyr, [[August 14]], Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 2]]; Andrew and Theophan, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 3]]; Michael, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Michael Lektorsky Archpriest in Kuban, New Hieromartyr, [[October 28]]; Andrew, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 3]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, and Ephrosia, Virgin-martyr, [[December 9]]; Alexander, priest, new hieromartyr, and John, Martyr, [[December 13]];
*1921 Joseph Hieromartyr and with him 37 Martyrs, [[January 5]]; [[Methodius of Petropavlovsk|Methodius]] bishop of Petropavlovsk, New Hieromartyr, [[February 4]]; Demetrius priest and Anatolius the Martyrs [[February 6]]; [[Lyubov of Ryazan]], fool-for Christ, [[February 8]]; Gregory, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Simon Shleev, bishop of Ufa, New Hieromartyr, [[July 6]]; Seraphim Bogoslovsky, Theognostus, and others of Alma-Ata, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 16]]; Archimandrite Sergius, and those with them, New-Martyrs, [[August 13]]; Vladimir amd Michael priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 3]]; Priest John Maslovsky of Verkhne-Poltavka, Amur, New Hieromartyr, [[September 7]]; Andrew, Gregory, Gregory, John priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 15]]; Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 14]]; Mathew, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 2]];
*1922 Paul and John priests, New Hieromartyrs, Peter, Nicholas, Auksentius, Sergius and Anastasia the Martyrs, [[April 27]]; Basil, Alexander and Christopher and Macarius, New Hieromartyrs and Martyr Sergius, [[May 13]]; Alexius Mechev, priest of Moscow, [[June 9]]; [[Benjamin (Kazansky) of Petrograd and Gdovsk|Benjamin (Kazansky)]], Metropolitan of Petrograd and Gdovsk, b. 1873, [[July 31]]; Anatole II (Potapov, the "Younger"), of Optina, New Hiero-confessor, [[July 30]]; Sergius the Archimandrite, George and John of Petrograd, new hieromartyrs, [[July 31]]; Mtr. [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]], ethnomartyr <ref>Metropolitan and ethnomartyr [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]] was canonise in 1993</ref> tortured, d.[[September 9]] (fd. [[August 27]]); Michael the Blessed of Chernigov, New Martyr, [[November 8]];
*1923 [[Alexis of Teklati|Alexis]] (Shushania), hieromonk of Teklati, Georgia, venerable, [[January 18]]; John, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 8]], Seraphim Nikolsky, Hieroschemamonk, new hieromartyr, [[May 31]]; Agafangel (Preobrazhensky) of Yaroslavl, [[October 3]], Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]];
*1924 Antonina, Abbess of Kizliar, New Hieromartyr, [[March 1]]; Jonah Atamansk, priest of Odessa, [[May 17]]; Nazarius, metropolitan of Kutaisi, Georgia, with Priest-martyrs Herman, Hierotheus, and Simon, and Archdeacon Bessarion, new hieromartyrs, [[August 14]]; Euthymius priest, New Hieromartyr, with 4 martyrs, [[September 3]]; [[Arsenios the Cappadocian]], [[November 10]];
*1925 [[Tikhon of Moscow]], (b. 1865), [[March 25]]; [[Gregory of metropolis of Thessaloniki and Heraclea|Gregory]] (Kallidis) metropolis of Thessaloniki and Heraclea, [[July 25]]; Anatole (Kamensky), archbishop of Irkutsk, New Hieromartyr, [[September 20]]; Anna the Martyr, [[September 28]]; St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]], Bishop of Hankou (b. 1922), [[October 7]];
*1926 [[Macarius of Moscow|Macarius]], metropolitan of Moscow, apostle to the Altai, [[February 16]]
*1927 [[Ambrose (Khelaia) of Georgia|Ambrose]] the Confessor, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, [[March 16]]; Matthew, Hieromonk of Yaramsk in Vyatka, [[May 14]] Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 25]]; Victor the hegumen, with brotherhood, Martyrs of Zelenetsk, [[November 11]];
*1928 Benjamin (Kononov) the Archimandrite and Nicephorus (Kuchin) the Hieromonk of Solovki, New Hieromartyrs, [[April 4]]; Nektarius Venerable of [[Optina Monastery]], [[April 29]]; Hierotheus, bishop of Nikolsk, New Hieromartyr, [[May 31]]; Innocentius the Hieromartyr [[December 24]], Lydia, and with her, soldiers Alexei and Cyril, New Martyrs, [[July 20]]; Maximus the martyr, [[July 31]]; Alexis, venerable hiero-schemamonk of Zosima Hermitage, [[September 19]]; Rachel, schem-anun of Borodino Convent, [[September 27]];
*1929 [[Peter of Voronezh|Peter]] archbishop of Voronezh, New Hieromartyr, [[January 25]]; Romanus, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]]; Theodore Korolev priest, New Hieromartyrs, Ananius Boykov and Michael Boldakov, the Martyrs, [[November 16]];
*1930 Peter priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 10]]; [[Benjamin of Romanov |Benjamin]], bishop of Romanov, New Hieromartyr [[January 15]]; Eugine the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 18]]; Nicholas priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 19]]; [[Basil of Priluksk |Basil]] bishop of Priluksk, new hieromartyr, [[January 25]]; Maria of Gatchina, New Martyr, [[January 26]], Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 6]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 9]]; Peter and Valerian the, priests New Hieromartyrs, [[February 10]]; [[Alexius of Voronezh|Alexius]] (Buy), bishop of Voronezh, New Hieromartyr, [[February 12]]; [[Michael Piataev]] and [[John Kumin]] the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[February 15]]; Alexander, Daniel and Gregory priests and New Hieromartyrs, [[February 21]]; Peter the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 26]]; Nicholas priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 7]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 5]]; Alexander, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 15]]; Basil Derzhavin, priest and hieromartyr, and lay people of the city of Gorodets, Nizhni-Novgorod, [[April 18]]; Maxim, bishop of Serpukhov, new hieromartyr, [[June 23]]; Alexander, George, John, John, Sergius and Theodore priests, Hieromartyrs, Tykhon, George, Cosmas, Euphimius and Peter the Martyrs, [[July 20]]; Anatole the New Hieromartyr, [[July 29]]; Nicholas Prozgrov, New Hieromartyr, [[August 4]]; Nicholas Prozorov the Priest, new hieromartyr, [[August 19]]; Alexander Jacobson, in Solovki, New Martyr, [[September 8]]; Benjamin, bishop of Romanovsk, New Martyr, [[September 22]]; John, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]]; Valerian Novitsky, priest of Telyadovich, New Hieromartyr, [[October 15]]; John the priest , New Hieromartyr, [[October 29]]; Boris the deacon, confessor, Nicholas and Anna, the Martyrs, [[November 10]]; Michael the priest [[December 25]], Hieromartyrs Nicolas priests and Michael deacon [[December 26]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 3]]; Michael, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 25]];
*1931 Victor priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 17]]; [[Athanasia of Zosima Hermitage|Athanasia]], (Lepeshkin) Abbess of Zosima Hermitage, New Martyr, [[January 25]]; Mitrophan, archpriest and New Martyr, [[February 12]]; [[Peter Lagov]], priest in Moscow, New Hieromartyr, [[February 16]]; Mitrophan Buchnoff, Archpriest in Voronezh, New Hieromartyr, [[March 9]]; Vladimir the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 21]]; Nicolas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 28]]; Michael, saint, fool-for-Christ, [[April 1]]; [[Nicholas (Siimo) of Kronstadt|Nicholas]], priest of Kronstadt, [[April 5]]; Athanasia, the Abbess of the Smolensk Hodigitria Convent, near Moscow, New Martyr, [[May 12]]; Macarius, Dyonisius and deacon Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, Martyrs Ignatius and Peter, [[May 28]]; Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 5]]; Nikon the Confessor, Venerable of [[Optina Monastery|Optina]], [[June 25]]; Anthony, archbishop of Archangelsk, New Hieromartyr, [[July 3]]; Euthymius the new martyr, [[July 6]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 22]]; Vladimir, priest, and his brother Boris, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 16]]; Moses, Hieromartyr, [[August 25]]; Mary, Blessed of Diveyevo, [[August 26]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 28]]; Irene, the Virgin-martyr, [[September 17]]; Valentine Sventsitsky, Priest in Moscow Nicholas Kazansky the Priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 7]]; Gregory the confessor, priest, [[October 16]]; Nicholas confessor and priest, [[November 4]]; Niphont the New Hieromartyr and Alexander the Martyr, [[November 10]]; Seraphim the New Hieromartyr, [[November 23]];
*1932 Vladimir the confessor, priest, [[January 11]]; Alexander (Medvedsky) the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[February 18]]; Vladimir, priest and Hieromartyr, [[February 18]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 27]]; [[Papa-Nicholas (Planas) of Athens]], [[March 2]]; John the confessor, [[March 19]]; Nicholas bishop of Velsk, the New Hieromartyr and the martyr Mary, [[April 4]]; George (Lavrov) the Confessor, venerable archimandrite of Kaluga, [[June 21]]; Ignatius, Venerable confessor, [[September 15]]; Aretha the Venerable, [[October 24]]; Vladimir the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 22]]; John, confessor, [[November 23]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, and Vera, Venarable confessor, [[December 2]]; Elias, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 5]]; Ambrosius confessor, bishop of Kamenets-Podolsk, (b. 1878), [[December 7]];
*1933 Alexander, Stephen and Philippe priests, Hieromartyrs, [[January 4]]; Eugenia, the Virgin-martyr, [[January 5]]; Theodore the confessor, priest , [[January 28]]; Vladimir priest, new hieromartyr, [[January 30]]; Sergius priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 26]]; Dimitry Ivanov, Archpriest in Kiev, New Hieromartyr, [[March 4]]; Patrikius the confessor, venerable, [[March 11]]; Alexander the confessor and priest, [[March 12]]; [[Stephen of Izhevsk|Stephen]] (Bekh), bishop of Izhevsk, New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Micael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 29]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 4]]; Arcadius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 7]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 8]]; [[Stephen of Izhevsk|Stephen]] (Bekh) bishop of Izhevsk, New Hieromartyr, [[April 13]]; Nicholas the confessor, priest, [[April 21]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 14]]; Nicholas,. saint priest, [[August 19]];
*1934 Sergius priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 5]]; [[Elias Chetverukhin]], priest of Moscow, New Hieromartyr, [[February 16]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 6]]; [[Victor of Glazov|Victor]], bishop of Glazov, New Hieromartyr, [[April 19]]; Cyprian the New Hieromartyr, [[June 3]]; Magdalena, schema-abbess of New Tikhvin Convent in Siberia, new hieromartyr, [[July 16]]; Alexis Medvedkov, archpriest of Uzine, new hieromartyr, [[July 20]]; John Pommer, archbishop of Riga in Latvia, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]];
*1935 Michael, priest and confessor, new hieromartyr, [[April 17]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 15]]; Eugene (Zernov), metropolitan of Nizhni Novgorod, New Hieromartyr, [[October 30]]; Damascene, bishop of Glukhov (1935) and his father, priest Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 4]];
*1936 [[Theoktista of Voronezh|Theoktista]] Michailovna, fool-for-Christ of Voronezh, the New Martyr, [[February 22]]; Nicholas Kedrov the Priest, new hieromartyr, [[May 15]], Heraclius the confessor, New Hieromartyr, [[May 28]]; Agapitus the confessor, Venerable, [[July 5]]; Matrona Belyakova, fool-for-Christ of Anemnyasevo, New Confessor, [[July 16]]; Peter, metropolitan of Krutitsa, New Hieromartyr, [[August 29]]; Gregory the Cross-bearer, New Martyr, [[November 6]]; Victor, the Martyr, [[December 18]];
*1936-37 Many Russian Orthodox Clerics die in Joseph Stalin's [[w:Great Purge|Great Purge]].
===1937===
*'''January:''' Victor the priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 8]]; [[Cyril of Kazan|Cyril]], metropolitan of Kazan, new hieromartyr, [[January 26]];

*'''February:''' Basil Nadezhnin, Priest in Moscow, New Hieromartyr, [[February 6]]; [[Barlaam of Perm|Barlaam]] archbishop of Perm, New Hieromartyr, [[February 7]]; [[Onisimus of Tula|Onisimus]], bishop of Tula, New Hieromartyr, [[February 14]]; Anna the martyr, [[February 26]];

*'''March:''' Olga the New Hieromartyr, [[March 1]]; Vyacheslav (Leontiev) of Nizhegorod, Priest and new hieromartyr, [[March 4]]; Basil, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 11]],

*'''April:''' Nicholas, Priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 18]]; Theodosius, bishop of Kolomensk, New Hieromartyr, [[April 20]];

*'''May:''' Peter the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 12]]; Abercius, archbishop of Zhitomir, Vladimir Zagarsky, Priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[May 15]]; Victor the New Hieromartyr, [[May 19]];

*'''June:''' Herman Riaschentsov, New Hieromartyr, [[June 8]]; Alexander Kharkovsky the bishop, Anthony, Barsanuphius and Joseph, new hieromartyrs, [[June 12]]; Parthenius the bishop, New Martyr, [[June 19]];

*'''July:''' Demetrius the priest, new hieromartyr, [[July 4]]; James archbishop of Barnaul and with him Peter and John priests, new hieromartyrs, Theodore and John the martyrs, [[July 16]]; Alpheus the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[July 24]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 26]] Basil, Anastasia, Hellen, Aretha, John, John, John and Mavra the martyrs, [[July 28]]; Vladimir, John, Constantine, priests, hieromartyrs, and Anna and Elizabeth the martyrs, [[July 31]];

*'''August:''' Demetrius, the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 1]]; Platon the New Hieromartyr, [[August 2]]; Michael the New Hieromartyr, Simeon and Demetrius the Martyrs, [[August 4]]; Alexander, Peter, Michael, John, Demetrius and Alexis priests, Elisey deacon, New Hieromartyrs, and Athanasius, Hieromartyr, [[August 7]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 8]]; Athanasius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 10]]; Basil, Leonidas, John and Nicholas the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 12]]; Seraphim (Zvezdinsky), bishop of Dmitrov, Nicholas, Jacob the priests and Alexis the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[August 13]]; Eleutherius of Chimkent (Kazakhstan), the Schema-archimandrite, Vladimir and Nicholas priests, New Hieromartyrs, Eleupheria, Eudokia and Theodore, the martyrs, [[August 14]]; Alexander the priest, Anna and Jacob the martyrs, [[August 16]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 17]]; Gregory, priest, New Hieromartyr, and Eugene and Michael new martyrs, [[August 18]]; Paul, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 21]]; Alexis archbishop of Omsk, Theodore bishop of Penza, John bishop of Velikoluk, and with them, Basil, Gabriel, Alexander, Michael, Hilarion, John, Hierotheus and Theodore priests, hieromartyrs, [[August 22]] Paul and John priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 23]]; Nectarius (Trezvinsky), bishop of Yaransk, Victor, Peter and Roman Medved of Moscow, New Hiero-confessor, priests and new hieromartyrs, Demetrius the Martyr, , [[August 26]]; John, John priest and Methodius, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 27]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 28]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, Theodore and Elizaveta, the Martyrs, [[August 30]]; Michael and Myron priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 31]];

*'''September:''' Tatiana and Natalia, Virgin-martyrs, [[September 1]]; Damascene, bishop of Starodub, Herman, bishop of Vyaznikov, Ephimius, John, John, Vladimir, Victor, Basil, Theodore, Peter, Stephen, Stephen, the priests, New Hieromartyrs, Paul and Ksenia the martyrs, [[September 2]]; Alexis and Elias, priests, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]]; Gregory (Lebedev) Bishop of Shliserburg, Sergius (Druzhinin) Bishop of Narva, New Hieromartyrs, Paul, John, Nicholas, Nicholas, John, Nicholas, Alexander, Peter and Michael priests, New Hieromartyrs, Stephen, Martyrs Basil, Peter, Stephen and Alexander the Hieromartyrs, [[September 4]]; Alexis, archbishop of Velikoustiuzh, New Hieromartyr, Euthymius the Martyr, [[September 5]]; Constantine, John and Vsevolod, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 6]]; Eugine, metropolitan of Gorky, Stephan, Eugine, Nicholas and Pakhomius, Gregory, Basil priests, and Leo, New Hieromartyrs [[September 7]]; Demetrius, New Martyr, priest, [[September 8]]; Zaharias, archbishop of Voronezh, Basil, Sergius, Joseph, Alexis priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Basil the Martyr, [[September 9]]; Ismail, Eugine, John, Constantine, Peter, Basil, Gleb, Basil, John, Nicholas, Palladius priests, Meletius and Gabriel, New Hieromartyrs, Symeon and Tatiana, the martyrs, [[September 10]]; Karp (Elb), Priest, hieromartyr, [[September 11]]; Blessed Alexis of Elnat and Zharki, near Kineshma, Theodore, John, Nicolas priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Martyr Alexis [[September 12]]; Stephan, Alexander priests and Nicholas deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 13]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 14]]; John, Jacob, Peter priests and Nicholas deacon, New Hieromartyrs, Mary and Ludmila the Martyrs, [[September 15]]; Gregory Raevsky, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 16]]; Amphilius, bishop of Krasnoiarsk, John, Boris, Michael, Vladimir, Benjamin, Constantine, priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Sergius the Martyr, [[September 18]]; Nilus priest, new hieromartyr and Mary the Virgin-martyr, [[September 19]]; Theoktist and Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 20]]; Theophan, (Tuliakov), metropolitan of Lipetsk and Belo-Russia, Mavrikius, Valentin, Alexander, John, Andrew, Peter, John, priest, New Hieromartyr, Basil and Vladimir the Martyrs, [[September 21]]; Arsenius the archbishop, John the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[September 23]]; Andrew and Paul priests, New Hieromartyrs, Hieromartyr Vitaly and Martyrs Basil, Sergius and Spiridon, [[September 24]]; Athanasius, Alexander, Demetrius priests, New Hieromartyrs, John and Nicolas the martyrs, [[September 26]]; Peter, metropolitan of Krutitsa, Theodore the priest, new hieromartyrs, [[September 27]]; Hilarion and Michaela the Martyrs, [[September 28]]; Peter, Viacheslav, Peter, Symeon, Basil priests, New Hieromartyrs, Seraphim deacon, Alexandra, Alexis, Matthew, Apollinaris, the martyrs, [[September 30]];

*'''October:''' Alexander, Gregory, Nicolas priests, New Hieromartyrs, John the martyr, [[October 1]]; Demetrius, Nicholas, Micael, Jacob and Tikhon priests, New Hieromartyrs, Basil the Martyr, [[October 4]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 6]]; Demetrius archbishop of Mozhaysk, Jonah bishop of Velizhsk, Hieromartyrs, Seraphim. Peter, Basil, Paul, Peter, Vladimir, Ambrosius, and Pakhomius priests, John the deacon, Victor, John, Nicolas, Elizabeth, Tatiana, Mary and Nadezhda, Nicholas, the martyrs, [[October 8]]; Constantine, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 9]]; Theodore (Pozdeev), archbishop of Volokolamsk, New Hieromartyr, [[October 10]]; Juvenalius (Maslovsky), bishop of Riazan, New Hieromartyr, [[October 11]]; Laurence the Venarable, [[October 12]]; Innocent and Nicolas, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 13]]; Peter, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 14]]; Alexander (Shchukin) Archbishop of Semipalatinsk, New Hieromartyr, [[October 17]]; Andrew, Serius, Nicolas and Sergius priests, New Hieromartyrs, Elizabeth the martyr, [[October 18]]; Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 19]]; Herman, bishop of Alatyr, Zosima, John, John, John, Nicholas, Leonid, John and Alexander priests, Michael and Peter deacons, New Hieromartyrs, and Paul the Martyr, [[October 20]]; Paulinus, bishop of Mogilev, Arkadius, bishop of Ekaterinburg, and with them Anatolius, Nicander, Constantine, Sergius, Basil, Theodore, Vladimir, Nicholas, John, Basil, Alexander, Demetrius and Alexis the priests, Sergius and John the deacons, New Hieromartyrs, and Cyprian the Martyr, [[October 21]]; Seraphim archbishop of Uglich, German the archimandrite, Vladimir, Alexander, Basil, Alexander, Nicholas, Nicholas, priests, New Hieromartyrs, Herman, Gregory and Menas the Martyrs, [[October 22]]; Vladimir Ambartsumov, Archpriest in Moscow, Nicholas, Vladimir, Alexander, Nicholas, Emilian and Sozont, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 23]]; John and Nicholas priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[October 24]]; Eugine priest, New Hieromartyr, and Anastasia the martyr, [[October 29]]; Vsevolod, Alexander, Sergius, Alexis, Basil priests, Anatolius, Euphrosynus, New Hieromartyrs, and James the Martyr, [[October 31]];

*'''November:''' Sergius, archbishop of Eletsk, Alexander and Demetrius priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Elizabeth the martyr, [[November 1]]; Basil, Peter, Basil, Alexander, Vladimir, Sergius, Nicholas, Vicentius, John, Peter, Alexander, Paul, Cosmas the priests and Simeon the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 3]]; Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 4]]; Gabriel, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 5]]; Nicitas bishop of Orekhovo-Zuev, Anatoly, Arsenius, Nicholas, Nicolas, Constantine priests, Barlaam, Gabriel, Gabriel, New Hieromartyrs, Nina and Seraphima the Hieromartyrs, [[November 6]]; Cyril (Smirnov) metropolitan of Kazan, Michael, Alexander, Aleksander, Michael, Aleksander, Nicolas, Alexis, Paul, Basil, Nicolas, Paulinus priests, John and Benjamin deacons, hieromartyrs, Nicolas, Gregory and Elisabeth the Martyrs, [[November 7]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 8]]; Parthenius bishop of Ananiev, Constantine, Demetrius, Nestor, Theodore, Constantine, Victor, Elias priests, Joseph deacon and Alexis, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 9]]; Prokopius (Titov) archbishop of Odessa, Augustine (Belyaev), archbishop of Kaluga, Dionisius, John, John Peter and Ioanicius, the priests, New Hieromartyrs, Alexis, Appolon, Michael the Martyrs [[November 10]]; Eugene, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 11]]; Constantine, Vladimir, Alexander, Matthew, Demetrius priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 12]]; Demetrius, Alexander, Victor, Alexis, Michael, Michael, Theodore, Peter, Alexis, Sergius, Nicholas, Basil, Alexander, Nicholas, Demetrius, Demetrius, Porphirius, Basil, George, Basil, Sergius the priests, Nicholas the deacon, Aristrah, New Hieromartyrs, Gabriel and Anna, the Martyrs, [[November 14]]; Nicholas and Peter priests, Gregory and Nicitas deacons, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 15]]; John, Nicholas, Victor, Basil, Makarius and Michael priests, Panteleimon, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 16]]; Porphirius (Gulevich) bishop of Simpheropol an Crimeria, Ioasaph (Udalov) bishop of Chistopol, Barpholomeus (Ratnykh), monk, Vladimir Pischulin, Demetrius Kiranov, John Bliumovich, Nicholas Mezentsev, priest Thimoty Izotov, priests, Sergius, Michael, , John, Constantine, Alexander, Ignatius, Simeon, John, John, Demetrius, Jacob, Jacob priests, Ioasaph, Peter, Gregory, Benjamin, Gerasim, Michael, deacon Antonius (Korzh), New Hieromartyrs, Alexandra Valentine, Peter, Leonid, Thimoty the Martyrs, [[November 19]]; Macarius bishop of Ecaterinoslav, Alexis, Alexander, Vladimir, John, Alexis, Basil, Nicholas, John, Emilian, Nocolos priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Arsenius, Eutihius and Hillarion, Ioanicus the hegumen, Tatiana, Hieromartyrs, [[November 20]]; Alexander Khotovitsky of New York and Alexis Benemansky of Tver, priests and New Martyrs, [[November 21]]; Iosaph bishop of Mogilev, John, Basil, Paul, Jacob, Theodore, John, Ilia, Alexis, Aphanasius priests and Gerasimus the New Hieromartyrs, [[November 22]]; Boris bishop of Ivanonsk, Eleazar Spyridonov of Eupatoria priest, Crimea and Martyr Alexander, New Hieromartyr, [[November 23]]; Eugine, Michael, Alexander, Alexis, John, Cornelius, and Metrophanes priests, New Hieromartyrs , and Virgin-martyr Anysia, [[November 24]]; Seraphim archbishop of Smolensk, Gregory, John, Basil, Cosmas, John, Simeon, Hilarion, Iaroslav, Alexander, John, Victor, Andrew priests and Martyr Paul, [[November 25]]; Nicholas, John, Gregory and Nazarius, Basil, Basil, Ilia, Basil, Daniel, Michael, Nicholas priests, Tikhon, Piter, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 26]]; Nicholas archbishop of Vladimir, Basil, Boris, Theodore, Nicholas, Alexis, John, Sergius, John, Sergius, Nicholas priests, , Ioasaf, Cronides, Nicholas, Xenophon, Alexis, Appolos, Seraphim, Nicholas, New Hieromartyrs, and John the Martyr, [[November 27]]; [[Seraphim (Chichagov) of Leningrad and Gdovsk |Seraphim (Chichagov)]], metropolitan of of Leningrad and Gdovsk, St. Petersburg, New Hieromartyr, Peter, Alexis, Alexis priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[November 28]]; John ,priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 30]];

*'''December:''' Constantine, Nicholas, Sergius, Vladimir, John, Theodore, Nicholas, John, Nicholas priests, Danact, Cosmas, New Hieromartyrs, Theuromia, Tamara, Antonina, and Mary, Mary and Matrona the martyrs, [[December 2]]; [[Alexander Hotovitzky]], missionary of America, hieromartyr of the Bolshevik yoke, (b. 1872 ), [[December 4]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr and Ecaterine and Cyra, Virgin-martyrs, [[December 4]]; Sergius, Michael and Sergius priests, Nicephore deacon and Galaction, New Hieromartyrs, and John the Martyr, [[December 7]]; Sergius, New Hieromartyr, [[December 8]]; Basil and Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 9]]; Anatolius, Alexander, Eugine, Constantine, Michael, Nicholas priests, Peter, Michael, Dorotheus, Laurentius, Gregory, and Alexandra, Tatiana and, Eudocia, new hieromatyrs, [[December 10]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 11]]; Vladimir, Alexander, Jacob priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 13]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 14]]; Arcadius, bishop of Bezhetsk, and Elias, Paul, Theodosius, Vladimir, and Alexander, Peter priests, New Hieromartyrs, Makarius the Martyr, [[December 16]]; Peter and John, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 17]]; Thaddeus (Uspensky), archbishop of Tver, Nicholas archbishop of Velikoustiuzh, James, John, Vladimir, and Nicolas the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 18]];Sergius the Hieromartyr, [[December 21]]; Leonidas bishop of Mariysk, Andrew (Ukhtomsky), bishop of Ufa, Alexander priest, Anthisa, Makaria and Valentina [[December 26]]; Martyr Antonina, [[December 27]]; Hieromartyrs Theoctistus, Leonid priests, [[December 28]]; Michael Hieromartyr priest [[December 31]];

===1938===
*'''January:''' [[Alexander archbishop of Samara |Alexander]], archbishop of Samara and with him John, Alexander, John, Alexander, Trophime, Viacheslav, Basil and James priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[January 1]]; Matthew, Martyr [[January 5]]; Paphnutius, Martyr, [[January 7]]; Demetrius, Vladimir priests hieromartyrs, Michael Martyr [[January 8]]; [[Anatolius, Metropolitan of Odessa |Anatolius]], Metropolitan of Odessa, New Hieromartyr, [[January 10]]; Paul the priest, hieromartyr, [[January 17]], Vladimir, Nicholas, Sergius Alexander priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[January 18]]; Elias the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 21]]; John, Nicholas, Jacob, Peter, John, John, John and Euthymius priest, new hieromartyrs, [[January 22]]; Seraphim the new mieromartyr, martyrs Evdokia, Ecaterine and Militsa, [[January 23]]; Stephen priest, martyr Boris, [[January 25]]; [[Ignatius of Skopinsk |Ignatius]] bishop of Skopinsk, Arcadius, Vladimir and Bartholomeus the hieromartyrs, and John and Olga the Martyrs, [[January 28]];

*'''February:''' Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 1]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, and Michael the Martyr, [[February 2]]; John, Timothy priests, New Hieromartyrs, and Vladimir, Martyr, [[February 3]]; Eustaphius, John, Alexander, Sergius, John, Theodora, Aleksander, Nicholas, Alexis, Nicholas, Alexis, Alexander, Arcadius, Boris, Michael, Nicholas, Alexis, Andrew, Demetrius, John, Peter priests, the New Hieromartyrs, Martyrs Seraphim, Rafaila, Anna, Catherine, John, Basil, Demetrius, Theodore, and Demetrius, [[February 4]]; Matushka Agatha of Bielorussia, New Martyrs, [[February 5]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 6]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 7]]; Simeon, Andrew, Sergius and Peter, priests and the New Hieromartyrs, [[February 8]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 9]]; [[Anatole of Odessa|Anatole]] (Greesiuk), metropolitan of Odessa, the New Martyr, [[February 10]]; Hieromartyr Theodosius priest, [[January 11]]; Zosimas, Nicholas, Basil, John, Leontius, Vladimir, Parthenius, John, John, Michael priests hieromartyrs, and Martyrs Paul, Anna, Vera and Irina, [[February 13]]; Tryphon the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[February 14]]; Nicholas, Alexis, Alexis the priests and Simeon the deacon, New Hieromartyrs, Paul and Sophia the martyrs, [[February 15]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 16]]; Michael and Paul the priests and New Hieromartyrs, [[February 17]]; Benjamin the hieromonk, Hieromartyr, [[February 18]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 20]]; Constantine priest, Paul deacon the Hieromartyrs and Olga the Martyr, [[February 21]]; Michael, John, Victor, John, Sergius, Andrew priests, Sergius and Antipa the New Hieromartyrs, Parasceva, Stephen, Elizabeth, Irina and Barbara the martyrs, [[February 22]]; Alexis, Nicholas priests and New Hieromartyrs, and Sergius Martyr, [[February 23]]; Alexander, the priest, Mstislava, the martyrs, [[February 25]]; [[John of Rylsk|John]], bishop of Rylsk and John the priest, New Hieromartyrs, [[February 26]]; Peter the priest and Hieromartyr, Martyr Michael, [[February 27]];

*'''March:''' Basil, Peter, John, Benjamin, Michael priests and New Hieromartyrs, Anthony, Anna, Daria, Eudokia, Alexandra, Basil, Nadezhda the martyrs, [[March 1]]; Martha and Michael the martyrs, [[March 3]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[March 4]]; John the priest, Mardarius and Theopanethe New Hieromartyrs, [[March 5]]; Nilus, Matrona, Mary, Eudocia, Ecaterina, Antonina, Nadezhda, Xenia, and Anna the martyrs, [[March 7]]; Michael, Alexis, Demetrius, Sergius, Sergius priests and Nicholas deacon, Iosaph, New Hieromartyrs and Natalia and Alexandra the martyrs, [[March 9]]; Demetrius, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 10]]; John the priest and Vladimir the New Hieromartyrs, [[March 12]]; Michael priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 13]]; Demetrius, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 15]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, Natalia the Virgin-martyr, [[March 18]]; Matrona, saint, [[March 19]]; Basil the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[March 20]]; Theodore Pozdeyev, Archbishop, New Martyr, [[March 21]]; Basil, Stephen priests, the New Hieromartyr, Anastasia, Alexis, James, the New Martyrs, [[March 23]]; Basil, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 28]]; John, priest New Hieromartyr, [[March 31]];

*'''April:''' Sergius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 1]]; Flegont the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 10]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 11]]; Sergius the New Hieromartyr, priest, [[April 12]]; Alexis, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 21]]; Sergius the Martyr, [[April 24]], Sergius the Martyr, [[April 25]]; Mary the martyr, [[April 27]]; Anna the martyr, [[April 28]];

*'''May:''' Nina the martyr, [[May 1]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 9]]; [[Pachomius of Chernigov|Pachomius]], archbishop of Chernigov, New Hieromartyrs, [[May 15]]; Onuphrius, archbishop of Kursk; Anthony, bishop of Belgorod, and with him priests Metrophan, Alexander, Michael, Matthew, Hippolytus, Nicholas, Basil, Nicholas, Maxim, Alexander, Paul, and Paul, the New Hieromartyrs and Martyrs Michael and Gregory, [[May 19]]; John the deacon, New Hieromartyr, and martyr Andrew, [[May 29]];

*'''June:''' Michael the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 3]]; Onuphrius the bishop, New hieromartyr, [[June 12]]; Nicholas, Alexander, Paul priests and Nicholas deacon, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 14]]; Nicanor, Basil, Alexander, Basil and Sergius the priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 18]]; Alexis, Paul and Nicholas priests, Ionna, New Hieromartyrs, [[June 21]]; Theodore and Gabriel the New Hieromartyrs, [[June 22]]; Sebastiana, the martyr, [[June 28]];

*'''July:''' Peter the deacon, new hieromartyr, [[July 15]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 20]]; Peter, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 21]]; Andrew the martyr, [[ July 23]]; Alexis priest, and Pachomius, New Hieromartyr, [[July 29]];

*'''August:''' Nicholas, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[August 3]]; John, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[August 5]] Dimitry (Lyubimov), archbishop of Gdov, Sergius (Tikhomirov), the priest, New Hieromartyrs [[August 6]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 7]]; Nicodemus (Krotov), archbishop of Kostroma and Galich, New Hieromartyr, [[August 8]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 20]]; Vladimir Moschansky, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 25]]; Peter, priest, and Gregory, priest confessor, New Hieromartyrs, [[August 26]]; Ignatius (Lebedev), Schema-archimandrite of St. Peter's Monastery, New Hieromartyr, [[August 30]]; Demetrius, New Hieromartyr, [[August 31]];

*'''September:''' Andronicus, New Hieromartyr, [[September 9]], Warus, bishop of Lipetsk, New Hieromartyr, [[September 10]]; [[Silouan the Athonite]], Venerable monk at the [[St. Panteleimon's Monastery (Athos)|Monastery of St. Panteleimon]], [[September 11]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 21]]; Leonidas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 30]];

*'''October:''' Ismael Rozhdestvensky, Archpriest in Strelna (St. Petersburg), New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Maximilian the New Hieromartyr, [[October 14]]; Alexis, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 16]]; Peter the priest, New Martyr, [[October 24]]; Innocent the New Hieromartyr, [[October 31]];

*'''November:''' Evdokia the Virgin-martyr, [[November 3]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 6]]; Demetrius, Martyr, [[November 16]]; Nicholas the Martyr, [[November 25]]; Paraskeva, Virgin-Martyr, [[November 28]];

*'''December:''' Mary, Virgin-martyr, [[December 2]]; Nicholas and Alexis priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 10]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 13]]; Hieromartyrs Demetrius and Theodore priests [[December 22]]; Hieromartyr Nicetas bishop of Belevsk, [[December 21]]; Hieromartyrs Basil priest, Macarius and John, [[December 23]]; [[Isaac of Optina|Isaac]] II (Bobrikov, the Younger), venerable archimandrite of [[Optina Monastery]], [[December 26]]; Gregory priest, Hieromartyr, and martyrs Augusta and Mary, Agrippina, [[December 26]]; Hieromartyr Aretha priest, [[December 28]]; Peter, Martyr, [[December 31]];

===1939-1944===
*1939 Nicholas the priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 4]]; Basil, priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 7]]; Eugene the Schemamonk of Bielorussia, [[February 5]]; Parasceva, Martyr, [[March 26]]; John the Martyr, [[March 28]]; Eudocia the Martyr, [[April 7]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 9]]; Peter, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[May 14]]; Tavrion the New Hieromartyr, [[May 25]]; Peter the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 27]]; Theogenes, New Hieromartyr, [[June 30]]; Aleksander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 27]]; Nicander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 24]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 26]];
*1940 John, Martyr [[January 7]]; Theodore the Martyr, [[January 19]]; Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 20]]; Michael, New Hieromartyr and priest, [[March 15]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 23]]; Alexander archbishop of Kharkov, New Hieromartyr, [[May 11]]; Damjan (Damian) Strbac of Grahovo, Serbia, New Hieromartyr, [[May 18]]; Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, and martyr Vera, [[June 1]]; Demetrius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 13]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 25]]; Gregory the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[June 28]]; Milan Popovic of Rmanj, Serbia, New Hieromartyr, [[June 30]]; Vladimir, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[August 27]]; Theodore, New Hieromartyr, [[October 1]]; Leontius the deacon, Hieromartyr, [[December 21]]; Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]]; Theodore, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 14]]; Bassian confessor, archbishop of Tambov, [[December 14]];

*1941 Paul priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 4]]; Michael the confessor, priest, [[January 8]]; Paramon, Righteous of Belorussia, [[February 5]]; Andrew the Martyr, [[February 22]]; Sophia Schema-abbess in Kiev, New Martyr, [[March 22]], Martha the martyr, [[April 13]]; Alexander the confessor, priest, [[April 14]]; [[Sava of Gornji Karlovac]], Serbia, [[]]; Branko of Veljusa, Serbia, hieromartyr, [[April 24]]; John, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[April 27]]; Nicholas the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 3]]; [[Gorazd (Pavlik) of Prague]], martyred by Nazis; [[Platon of Banja Luka]], [[May 5]]; Vukasin, Martyr of Serbia, [[May 16]]; Valentine the New Hieromartyr, [[May 19]]; Milan Banjac and Milan Golubovic of Drvar, Serbia, New Hieromartyrs, [[May 26]]; [[Sava of Upper Karlovci|Sava]], bishop of Upper Karlovci, new Hieromartyr, [[June 4]]; George of Serbia, new hieromartyr, [[July 4]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 27]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[July 31]]; Raphael of Sisatovac, Serbia, Hieromartyr, [[August 21]]; [[Petar (Zimonjić) of Dabar-Bosna]], [[September 4]]; John the Martyr, [[September 17]]; Nicholas the confessor, priest, [[September 25]]; Leonid the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 29]]; Leonidthe priest New Hieromartyr, [[October 30]] (?); Peter the Martyr, [[November 1]]; Ismail, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 4]]; Olga the Virgin-martyr, [[November 10]]; Sergius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 14]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[November 28]]; Sergius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[ November 29]]; [[Dositheus of Zagreb| Dositheus]], Metropolitan of Zagreb, Confessor, [[December 31]]; Gennadius, New Hieromartyr, [[December 5]]; Peter and Basil priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 7]]; Sergius Mechev of Moscow, Priest, New Martyr, [[December 9]]; John, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[December 11]]; Emilian and Basil, priests, New Hieromartyrs, [[December 13]]; Hieromartyr [[Djordje Bogic|Đorđe (George) Bogić]], a parish priest of Našice

*1941-45 Croatian [[w:Ustaše|Ustasa]] terrorists kill 500,000 Orthodox Serbs, expel 250,000 and force 250,000 to convert to [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]]; Momcilo Grgurevic, Dobroslav Blazenovic, Milan Bozic, Mihailo Djusic, Jovan Zecevic, Bozidar Jovic, Bogdan Lalic, Trifun Maksimovic, Velimir Mijatovic, Bozidar Minic, Miladin Minic, Marko Popovic, Dimitrije Rajanovic, Budimir Sokolovic, Relja Spahic, Lazar Culibrk, Savo Siljac, Savo Skaljka, Milorad Vukojicic, Ratomir Jankovic, Mihailo Jevdjevic, Dusan Prijovic, Dobrosav Sokovic, Nestor Trkulja, Serafim Dzaric, Andrija Siljak, Slobodan Siljak, and Jovan Rapajic, New Hieromartyrs of Serbia, [[July 11]]; Simo Banjac and Milan Stojisavljevic and his son Martyr Milan of Glamoc, Serbia, New Hieromartyrs, [[July 21]]; Vukosav Milanovic and Rodoljub Samardzic of Kulen Bakufa, New Hieromartyrs, Serbia, [[July 25]]; New Martyrs of Jasenovac (Serbia), [[August 31]];

*1942 John, [[January 6]]; Michael, priest, Hieromartyr, [[January 15]]; Alexandra and Michael the martyrs, [[February 5]]; Alexis the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 7]], Alexander the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[February 8]]; Philaret the New Hieromartyr, [[February 22]]; Alexander, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 1]]; Vladimir the Martyr, [[March 8]]; Victor the priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 17]]; Gabriel the New Martyr, [[April 9]]; Demetrius the Martyr, [[April 10]]; Theodore, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 17]]; Tamara the martyr, [[April 18]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 19]]; Demetrius the Martyr, [[April 22]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 4]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 18]]; Michael, priest and New Hieromartyr, [[May 22]]; Hermogenas the Martyr, [[May 28]]; Basil the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[May 30]]; Barlaam Riaschentsov the priest, new hieromartyr, [[June 8]]; [[Joanikije (Lipovac) of Montenegro]], [[July 20]]; Nicetas the new martyr, [[June 21]]; Alexis, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[July 1]]; Nicholas the confessors, priest, [[July 24]]; Theodore Tonkovid, priest of Lovets (Pskov), New Hieromartyr, [[July 25]], Ignatius of Jablechna (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), new hieromartyr, [[July 28]]; Basil (Preobrazhensky), bishop of Kineshma, New Hieromartyr, [[August 13]]; Ignatius, New Martyr, [[August 21]]; Gorazd of Prague, Bohemia and Moravo-Cilezsk, Martyr, [[August 22]], Helen, the Virgin-Martyr, [[September 4]]; Alexander, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 9]]; Nicolas, deacon, Hieromartyr, [[September 11]] Sergius, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 16]] Basil, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[September 21]]; Nicholas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 7]]; Barlaam, the New Hieromartyr, [[October 8]]; Demetrius the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 15]]; John the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 16]]; Euphrosyne the Venerable, [[October 23]]; Mathew the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[October 30]]; Sergius, deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[November 3]]; [[Maria Skobtsova |Elias Fondaminskii]], priest, murdered by Nazis, [[November 6]]; Theoctista, the Virgin-martyr, [[November 10]]; Boris, New Hieromartyr, [[November 12]]; Gregory (Peradze) of Georgia, Archimandrite, who suffered in Auschwitz, Poland; (b 1899), New Martyr, [[November 23]]; Boris, Marty, [[December 2]]; Sergius, deacon, New Hieromartyr, and Virgin-martyr Vera, [[December 18]]; Hieromartyr Sergius priest [[December 24]].

*1943 Paul the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[January 9]]; Sergius the priest and New Hieromartyr, [[March 12]]; John the Martyr, [[April 4]]; James the priest, New Hieromartyr, [[April 6]]; Sergius Zacharczuk Priest of Nabroz (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[April 23]]; Nicolas the deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[May 4]]; Nicolas, priest, New Hieromartyr, [[June 5]]; Pelagia the Martyr, [[June 17]]; Theodore the New martyr, [[July 6]] Paul Szwajko the Priest and Joanna the Presbytera, of Graboviec (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), [[August 15]]; Alexandra, Virgin-martyr, [[September 17]]; Seraphim (Zagorovsky), confessor Hieromonk of Kharkov, Martyr, [[September 30]];

*1943-44 Hundreds of Orthodox priests of the [[Church of Ukraine|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] eliminated, tortured and drowned by Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists - [[w:Ukrainian Insurgent Army|Ukrainian Rebel Army]], aided by [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniate]] Metr. Josyf Slipyj who was a spiritual leader of Nazi military units that were later condemned by the Nuremberg tribunal, and who was imprisoned by Soviet authorities for aiding the UPA.

===1944-2000===
*1944 [[Ekvtime (Kereselidze) Confessor of Georgia]], [[January 20]]; [[Demetrius Klepinine]], priest in Paris, died at Ravensbruck prison camp, Germany, hieromartyr, [[January 27]]; Leo Korobczuk, priest in Laskov (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[February 25]]; [[Nicholas Holz]], Priest in Novosiolki (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[March 20]]; Peter Ochryzko, Priest in Chartoviec (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[March 28]]; Macarius the schema-bishop of ‘’St. Macarius the Roman’’ Monastery, near Lezna, New Hieromartyr, [[April 1]]; Pelagea the martyr, [[June 13]]; Joh the Martyr, [[June 30]]; George Skobtsov, martyr, son of St. [[Maria Skobtsova]], [[July 20]]; Pelagia, New Hieromartyr, [[October 21]]

*1945-90 Persecution of the [[Church of Albania|Orthodox Church in Albania]].

*1945 Mary, Virgin-martyr, [[January 12]]; [[Dositheus (Vasich) of Zagreb|Dositheus]], Metropolitan of Zagreb, [[January 13]]; Stephen the Martyr, [[January 30]]; [[Maria Skobtsova]], venerable nun, who suffered at Ravensbruck, in northern Germany, [[March 18]]; Basil Martysz, Protopresbyter in Teratyn (Chelm and Podlasie, Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[April 21]]; [[Arseny (Chagovtsov) of Winnipeg]], [[October 4]]; Basil, bishop of Kineshma, New Hieromartyr, [[July 31]]; Khionia the confessor, [[October 4]];

*1946 Seraphim, New Hieromartyr, [[August 24]];

*1947 [[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia|Alexei Kabalyiuk]], <ref>Saint [[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia]] was glorified by the [[Church of Ukraine]] ([[Moscow Patriarchate]]) in 2001. His relics are in Iza of the Ukraine.</ref> Apostle and 1st Saint of Carpatho-Russia [[December 2]].

*1948 Sergius Serebriansky, archbishop and confessor, [[March 23]]; [[Savvas the New of Kalymnos]], [[April 7]]; Nicholas, confessor, priest, [[November 18]]; Anna and Tatiana, confessors, [[December 10]];

*1949 [[Seraphim of Viritsa]], [[March 21]].

*1950 Venerable Laurence of Chernigov, [[January 11]], Sergius, priest confessor, [[December 5]];

*1951 John the confessors, priest, [[July 24]];

*1952 Matrona the Blind of Moscow, born in 1885, [[April 19]]; Demetrius, confessor, priest, [[August 27]]; Paraskeva, Venerable confessor, [[November 22]];

*1953 [[Euthymius of Tbilisi| Euthymius]] (Taqaishvili) the Man of God of Tbilisi, [[January 3]]; Peter the Deacon, New Hieromartyr, [[September 3]];

*1954 Thecla the confessor, [[December 10]];

*1955 Nicholas, mitropolitan confessor of Alma-Ata, New Hieromartyr, [[October 12]]

*1956 [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], [[March 18]].

*1957 John (Maisuradze), confessor of Georgia, [[January 21]], Raphael the confessor, Venerable, [[June 6]];

*1958 Anna, Venerable confessor, [[December 10]];

*1959 Elder [[Joseph the Hesychast]] (1898-1959); Elder [[George (Karslidis) of Drama]] (1901-1959), [[November 4]]; Gabriel the venarable confessor, [[October 5]];

*1960 [[Symeon of Pskov| Symeon]] of the Pskov Caves, Venerable, [[January 5]]; George-John (Mkheidze) of [[Georgia]], [[January 21]]; [[Anthimos of Chios]] [[February 15]]; John (Iacob) the Romanian (the Chozebite) [[August 5]]; Gregory, confessor, [[December 3]];

*1961 John the confessor, venerable, [[January 14]]; [[Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) of Simferopol and Crimea|Luke]], hierarch-surgeon of Simferopol and Crimea, confessor, (b. 1877), [[May 29]], Alexander, Venerable, confessor, [[August 14]];

*1962 Athanasius (Sakharov) the Confessor, bishop of Kovrov, [[October 15]];

*1963 Matrona the Confessor of Diveyevo, [[October 25]];

*1964 Kuksha of Odessa, (b. 1875), venerable confessor, [[December 11]]; [[Varnava Nastic]] of Bosnia, New Hiero-confessor, [[November 12]]; Elder [[Gervasius of Patras]] (1877-1964) ,

*1966 [[Sebastian of Optina |Sebastian]], Elder of Optina and Karaganda, [[April 6]]; [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker]], Archbishop of Shanghai and San Fransisco, [[July 2]]. [[Ieronymos of Aegina]], (b. 1883), blessed, [[October 3]];

*1967 Iraida the confessor, [[July 25]];

*1970 Elder [[Amphilochios (Makris) of Patmos]] (+1970); Archpriest [[Stefan Wu Zhiquan]] .<ref>http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/harbin/stefanwu_en.htm</ref>, the new martyr.

*1971 Venerable [[Amphilochius of Pochaev]], schema-monk dies [[January 1]] (FD:[[April 29]]).

*1972 [[Leonty of Ivanovo|Leonty]] (Stasevich) of Ivanovo, Venerable, [[January 27]]; [[Leontius of Tarnopol and Jablechna| Leontius]] of Tarnopol and Jablechna (Poland), New Hieromartyr, [[January 27]]; Peter Cheltsov, Archpriest in Smolensk, Hiero-confessor, [[August 30]];

*1975 Papa-[[Dimitris (Gagastathis)]]; Elder [[Demetrius of Trikala]] (1902-1975)

*1979 [[Mathushka|matushka]] [[Olga Michael]], [[November 8]]; [[Justin Popovich]], [[March 25]]; Archimandrite Philoumenos, [[November 16]];

*1980 Elder [[Philotheos (Zervakos) of Paros]] (1884-1980).

*1982 [[Seraphim Rose]] (''not glorified yet'')

*1983 Elder [[Arsenios the cave-dweller of Mt. Athos]].

*1989 Hieromonk [[Kosmas of Zaire]] (1942-1989); Elder [[Epiphanius of Athens]] (+1989)

*1991 Elder [[Porphyrios (Bairaktaris) the Kapsokalivite]]; (Evangelos (Bairaktaris)), [[February 7]]; Elder [[Iacovos (Tsalikis) of Euboea]] (1920-1991)
*1992 [[Gabrielia (Papayannis)]] and [[Chrysanthi of Andros]].
*1993 [[New Martyrs of Optina Pustyn]]; Canonization of [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]].
*1994 Elder [[Paisios (Eznepidis)]] of Mt. [[Athos]], [[July 12]].
*1995 Eldress [[Macrina of Volos]] (1921-1995); [[Gerasimos (Papadopoulos) of Abydos]], [[June 12]].
*1998 Elder [[Ephraim of Katounakia]].
*2000 Fr. [[Grigory Zhu]], September; Blessed [[Stavritsa the Missionary]] (1916-2000)
<noinclude>[[Category:OrthodoxWiki Templates]]</noinclude>

Adrian and Natalia

2010-09-02T23:14:39Z

Stmitrophan: /* Martyrdom */

The holy and glorious [[Martyr]]s '''Adrian and Natalia''' (also ''Hadrian'' and ''Natalie'') were husband and wife who lived during the fourth century. Their [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[August 26]].

==Martyrdom==
During the [[Great Persecution]] of the early 4th century, Adrian encountered a group of martyrs (23 of them, according to the account in the [[Menaion]]; other sources based on the St Herman of Alaska Monastery calendar say 33, of which will be corrected for next year's printing) and asked them why they were willing to endure such tortures for their faith. They replied that they were suffering in order to gain the good things prepared by God for those who suffered for his sake, "which neither eye has seen nor ear heard, nor have entered into the heart of man" ([[I Corinthians|I Cor.]] 2:9). Upon hearing these words, Adrian was struck by divine grace and told the Roman officials who were present to write his own name with the rest of the martyrs. When his wife Natalia heard that he had been imprisoned with the martyrs, she ran with joy to the gaol and lauded his resolve while embracing his chains. After imploring the other martyrs to pray for her husband to God, she returned home.

Right before the time appointed for martyrdom, Adrian bribed the guards to release him temporarily and then went to his house to tell Natalia that the time had come. When she saw him coming, she assumed that he had denied Christ and thus had been released, and she refused to open the door, rebuking him as a coward. When she finally learned the true nature of his release, she changed her tone to one of encouragement and accompanied him to the tribunal.

When Adrian appeared before the emperor and confessed Christ, he underwent a first beating, and then was stretched on the ground and suffered a second beating on his stomach, which lacerated his stomach so that his intestines were visible. His hands and feet were then cut off. It is not clear if he died from these tortures, or was beheaded to finish him off more quickly.

The bodies of the martyrs were then taken up to be burned, but Natalie managed to steal one of her husband's severed hands from the pile. Guarding it as a precious [[relic]], she kept it in her cloak and even anointed herself with the blood. The fire that was supposed to burn the relics was miraculously put out by a sudden shower of rain, and a Christian named Eusebius was able to retrieve the relics, place them on a ship, and transport them for burial to Argyroupolis, a town near [[Byzantium]]. Some time later, Natalia visited the tomb where she gave up her soul to God and was herself subsequently buried.

==Historical clarifications==
St. [[Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain|Nicodemus]] bases his account in the [[Synaxarion]] on a Greek life from a manuscript in the [[Great Lavra (Athos)|Great Lavra]] on [[Mount Athos]]. He places the martyrdom in A.D. 298 and attributes it to the Emperor Maximianus during his second period. The identification and chronology present some difficulties. Firstly, although there may have been limited harassment of Christians this early, the Great Persecution did not begin until A.D. 303. Secondly, the martyrdom is said to have occurred at [[Wikipedia:Nicomedia|Nicomedia]], in Asia Minor; in that case the emperor responsible was probably the Caesar of the East, [[Wikipedia:Galerius|Galerius]], whose full name was Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus, rather than the emperor more commonly known as [[Wikipedia:Maximian|Maximian]], the Augustus Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus who ruled in the western part of the Roman Empire during the same period. Thirdly, St. Nicodemus says that the martyrdom occurred in the second period of Maximian, which could conceivably mean after Galerius was promoted from Caesar (junior emperor) to Augustus (senior emperor) when [[Wikipedia:Diocletian|Diocletian]] retired in 305. It is, however, also possible that the date of 298 is correct: Galerius was appointed Caesar in 293, publicly disgraced by Diocletian after his failure in a campaign against the [[Wikipedia:Sassanids|Sassanids]] on the Eastern border of the Empire, and then redeemed himself with a victorious campaign against them in 297. The "second period" mentioned by St. Nicodemus would then be the time after his triumph over the Sassanids. His influence with Diocletian then increased, and it is possible that he had already began to persecute Christians in 298.

It is unclear from the accounts in the Synaxarion and Menaion whether Adrian was already a Christian when he encountered the martyrs. His [[apolytikion]] may suggest that he was still a [[pagan]].

Another St. Adrian is commemorated the same day. St. Nicodemus says that he was a son of the emperor Probus (d. 276) and brother of the bishop of Byzantium Dometius. He was martyred in 313 under the emperor [[Wikipedia:Licinius|Licinius]] in [[Nicomedia]], then buried by his brother in Argyroupolis, where his namesake Adrian already lay buried.

==Hymnography==
The [[hymn]]s of the [[saint]]s emphasize the cooperation of Adrian and Natalia and exalt them as a model married couple. In some hymns, e.g., the third [[sticheron]] of [[Vespers]], Natalia is contrasted favorably with [[Eve]], as exhorting her husband to godliness rather than tempting him to sin. She is also likened to the wise pilot of a storm-tossed ship (her husband), bringing him safely into the heavenly harbor (fourth sticheron of [[Lauds]]).

[[Troparion]] ([[Tone]] 4) [http://www.oca.org/FStropars.asp?SID=13&ID=102398]
:Your holy martyrs Adrian and Natalia, O Lord,
:Through their sufferings have received incorruptible crowns from You, our God.
:For having Your strength, they laid low their adversaries,
:And shattered the powerless boldness of demons.
:Through their intercessions, save our souls!

[[Kontakion]] - (Tone 4)
:Martyr of Christ, Adrian,
:You kept the words of your godly and devoted wife Natalia in your heart.
:With her you accepted every kind of suffering and obtained the crown of victory!

==External links==
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=102398 Martyr Adrian of Nicomedia] ([[OCA]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=102399 Martyr Natalia of Nicomedia] (OCA)
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=102400 33 Martyred Companions of Natalia and Adrian, of Nicomedia] (OCA)
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=179 Adrian & Natalia the Martyrs & their 33 Companion Martyrs in Nicomedea] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://www.roca.org/OA/12/12g.htm Holy Martyrs Adrian and Natalie] ''Orthodox America''
*[http://home.iprimus.com.au/xenos/adrian.html Sts Adrian and Natalia the Martyrs, and their thirty three Companion Martyrs in Nicomedea] ([[GOAA]])
*[[w:Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia|''Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia'' at Wikipedia]]

[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]

[[ro:Adrian şi Natalia]]

John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker

2010-07-27T23:57:19Z

Stmitrophan: /* Life */

[[Image:John Maximovitch.jpg|right|thumb|200px||St. John Maximovitch]]
[[Image:John_mx.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Photo of St. John Maximovitch]]
[[Image:JohnMaximovitch.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Relics of the Saint, USA]]
Our father among the saints '''John (Maximovitch), Archbishop of Shanghai and San Francisco''' (1896-1966), was a [[diocese|diocesan]] [[bishop]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] (ROCOR) who served widely from China to France to the United States.

He departed this life on [[June 19]] ([[Julian Calendar|O.S.]]) / [[July 2]] ([[Revised Julian Calendar|N.S.]]), 1966, and was officially [[glorification|glorified]] by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad on [[July 2]], 1994. His glorification was later recognized for universal veneration by the Patriarchate of Moscow on July 2, 2008.

==Life==
The future St. John was born on [[June 4]], 1896, in the southern Russian village (current day Ukraine) of Adamovka in Kharkiv province to pious aristocrats, Boris and Glafira Maximovitch. He was given the [[baptism]]al name of Michael. In his youth, Michael was sickly and had a poor appetite, but he displayed an intense religious interest. He was educated at the Poltava Military School (1907-14), Kharkiv Imperial University, from which he received a law degree (in 1918), and the University of Belgrade (where he completed his theological education in 1925).

He and his family fled their country as the Bolshevik revolutionaries descended on the country, emigrating to Yugoslavia. There, he enrolled in the Department of Theology of the University of Belgrade. He was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] in 1926 by [[Metropolitan]] [[Anthony (Khrapovitsky) of Kiev|Anthony (Khrapovitsky) of Kharkov]] (later the first [[primate]] of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia). Metr. Anthony later in 1926 [[ordination|ordained]] him hierodeacon. Bishop Gabriel of Chelyabinsk ordained him [[hieromonk]] on [[November 21]], 1926. Subsequent to his ordination he began an active life of teaching in a Serbian high school and serving, at the request of local Greeks and Macedonians, in the Greek language. With the growth of his popularity, the [[bishop]]s of the Russian Church Aboard resolved to elevate him to the [[episcopate]].

Hieromonk John was [[Consecration of a bishop|consecrate]]d [[bishop]] on [[May 28]], 1934, with Metr. Anthony serving as principal consecrator, after which he was assigned to the Diocese of Shanghai. Twelve years later he was named Archbishop of China. Upon his arrival in Shanghai, Bp. John began working to restore unity among the various Orthodox nationalities. In time, he worked to build a large [[cathedral]] [[church]] that was dedicated to ''Surety of Sinners [[Icon]] to the [[Mother of God]]'', with a bell tower and large [[parish]] house. Additionally, he inspired many activities: building of churches, hospitals, and orphanages among the Orthodox and Russians of Shanghai. He was intensely active, constantly praying and serving the daily cycle of services, while also visiting the sick with the [[Holy Gifts]]. He often would walk barefooted even in the coldest days. Yet to avoid the appearance of secular glory, he would pretend to act the fool.

With the end of World War II and the coming to power of the Communists in China, Bp. John led the exodus of his community from Shanghai in 1949. Initially, he helped some 5,000 refugees to a camp on the island of Tubabao in the Philippines, while he travelled successfully to Washington, D.C., to lobby to amending the law to allow these refugees to enter the United States. It was while on this trip that Bp. John took time to establish a [[parish]] in Washington dedicated to St. [[John the Forerunner]].

In 1951, Abp. John was assigned to the Archdiocese of Western Europe with his [[cathedra]] in Paris. During his time there, he also served as archpastor of the [[Orthodox Church of France]], whose restored [[Gallican Rite|Gallican liturgy]] he studied and then celebrated. He was the principal consecrator of the Orthodox Church of France's first modern bishop, [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis]], and ordained to the priesthood the man who would become its second bishop, [[Germain (Bertrand-Hardy) of Saint-Denis]].

In 1962, Abp. John was assigned to the Diocese of San Francisco, succeeding his long time friend Abp. Tikhon. Abp. John's days in San Francisco were to prove sorrowful as he attempted to heal the great disunity in his community. He was able to bring peace such that the new cathedral, dedicated to the ''Joy of all Who Sorrow Icon of the Mother of God'', was completed.

He reposed during a visit to Seattle on [[July 2]], 1966, while accompanying a tour of the Kursk-Root Icon of the Mother of God. He was laid to rest in a crypt [[chapel]] under the main altar of the new cathedral.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]]|
title=Bishop of Shanghai|
years=1934-1946|
after=[[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]]}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Archbishop of Shanghai (ROCOR)|
years=1946-1949|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=Nathanael (Lvov)|
title=Bishop of Western Europe (ROCOR)|
years=1951-1962|
after=Anthony (Bartosevich)}}
{{succession|
before=[[Tikhon (Troitsky) of San Francisco|Tikhon (Troitsky)]]|
title=Archbishop of San Francisco (ROCOR)|
years=1962-1966|
after=[[Anthony (Medvedev) of San Francisco|Anthony (Medvedev)]]}}
{{end box}}

==External links==
*[http://saintjohnwonderworker.org/ Saint John Maximovitch Eastern Orthodox Web Page]
*[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/johnmx1.htm Life and miracles of St. John Maximovich] - By Bishop [[Alexander (Mileant) of Buenos Aires|Alexander (Mileant)]]
*[http://www.zeitun-eg.net/stcyril6/stjohnmaximovitch.exe St. John Maximovich: e-book for Windows® with Internet Explorer]
*[http://www.serfes.org/lives/stjohn.htm Life of St. John Maximovitch the Wonderworker - Compiled by Fr Demetrios Serfes]
*[http://www.stmaryofegypt.org/library/st_john_maximovich/on_veneration_of_the_theotokos.htm ''Orthodox Veneration of Mary, the Mother of God''], written by St. John the Wonderworker himself, published with a foreword by [[Seraphim Rose]].
*[http://www.stmaryofegypt.org/library/st%5Fjohn%5Fmaximovich/ Homilies and Other Writings of Saint John the Wonderworker of Shanghai and San Francisco].
*[http://orthodox.cn/saints/johnmaximovitch_en.htm St John the Wonderworker, Archbishop of Shanghai]
*[http://www.saintjohnwonderworker.org/akathist.htm Akathist to our Holy Hierarch John]
*[http://www.roca.org/OA/108/108e.htm Remembering Vladika John, By Hieromonk Peter Loukianoff]
*[http://saintjohnwonderworker.org/trial1.htm A Saint's Final Golgotha: The Trial of St. John Maximovitch in Public Court (1963)]
*[http://orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/decline.aspx The Decline of the Patriarchate of Constantinople (from St. John Maximovitch's report to the 1938 All-Diaspora Sobor of the ROCOR)]

===YouTube and Other Videos===
Note: Videos are ''not'' necessarily in English
*[http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=s--yoov4knI Images and voice over of Saint John (Maximovitch) of Shanghai and San Francisco]
*[http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=LkZ9w5R7hyk Canonizarea Sfântului Ioan Maximovici]
*[http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=GkfdJtsj75w PS Ambrozie despre Sf. Ioan Maximovici şi Vlădica Averchie]
* [http://www.orthodox.cn/multimedia/stjohn_en.htm Video: St John Maximovich's church in downtown Shanghai]

[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:American Saints]]
[[Category:Serbian Saints]]
[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Shanghai]]
[[Category:Bishops of San Francisco]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in China]]
[[Category:Wonderworkers]]
[[Category:Modern Saints]]

[[ro:Ioan Maximovici]]

Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban

2010-07-27T23:43:09Z

Stmitrophan: /* Life */

His Eminence, Metropolitan '''Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban''' was the twentieth and last chief of the Russian Mission in China. He was part of the mission from 1922 for thirty three years. After the break in relations between China and the Soviet Union, in 1956 he returned to the Soviet Union where he was appointed Archbishop of Krasnodar and Kuban.

==Life==
Leonid Viktorovich Svyatin was born on [[August 2]], 1893, at the Karagana Station in the Upper Urals region of the Orenburg Province of the Russian Empire. His father was a [[deacon]]. Leonid began his theological education in the Orenburg Seminary, graduating in 1915. From Orenburg, he entered [[Kazan Theological Academy]]. In his second year of studies at Kazan he was mobilized and sent to the Tbilisi Military School, in Georgia. With the start of the Bolshevik revolution, he left the military school and returned home. Again mobilized he became an official on the staff of General Belova of the White army. As the army disintegrated from lack of material support and suffering a typhus epidemic, Leonid joined some survivors and entered China in 1919.

In Beijing he joined the Russian Mission where he entered the monastery on the center's grounds. On [[June 30]], 1921, Leonid was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Victor at the Holy Dormition Monastery of the Beijing mission. On [[July 3]], 1921, Victor was [[ordination|ordained]] a hierodeacon, followed by ordination as a [[hieromonk]] on [[July 7]]. In August 1921, he entered the Oriental Faculty of the Far East Institute in Vladivostok. On [[August 10]], 1922, Fr. Victor was assigned to the Holy Protection of the Theotokos Church in Tiajin (Tientsin), China.

On [[November 3]], 1929, Fr. Victor was elevated to the dignity of [[archimandrite]] by [[Innocent (Figurosky) of Beijing|Metr. Innocent]] of the Beijing mission. On [[November 6]], 1932, Fr. Victor was consecrated Bishop of Shanghai by Abp. Simon of the Beijing mission. Upon Abp. Simon’s repose in 1933, Bishop Victor was appointed in his place as Bishop of Beijing and China. In September 1938, Bp. Victor was raised to the dignity of Archbishop.

In 1945, after the end of World War II, Abp. Victor restored relations with the Moscow Patriarchate. On [[August 17]], 1950, he was named the Patriarchal [[Exarch]] of the Eastern Exarchate of the Moscow Patriarchate. With the establishment of a communist government in China, the Beijing mission and the Moscow Patriarchate began to consolidate the various eparchies and groups in northern China. Also, under pressures from the communist Chinese authorities, the expatriate Russian people living in China began to leave the country. Thus, the exarchate lost most of its [[congregation]] and funding in China. The Chinese governmental authorities were interested in forming the various Russian church entities into an autonomous Chinese Church. Bp. Victor, in coordination with the Moscow Patriarchate, endeavored to accomplish setting up the autonomous church.

By May 1956, all the church property had been transferred to the Chinese and Soviet embassy authorities. All Russian clergy had also emigrated, leaving the church in China to the Chinese [[clergy]]. As the last senior Russian clergyman, on [[May 26]], 1956, he left China for the Soviet Union where he was appointed Archbishop of Krasnodar and Kuban. On [[May 20]], 1961, Abp. Victor was raised to the rank of [[Metropolitan]].

He was awarded the St. Vladimir medal of the first rank in May 1963. After a short illness, Metr. Victor reposed on [[September 18]], 1966.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=—|
title=Bishop of Shanghai|
years=1932-1933|
after=[[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John (Maximovitch)]]}}
{{succession|
before=[[Simon (Vinogradov) of Beijing|Archbishop Simon (Vinogradov)]]|
title=Archbishop of Beijing and China|
years=1933-1950|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Exarch of the Eastern Exarchate of the Moscow Patriarchate|
years=1950-1956|
after=—}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Archbishop of Krasnodar and Kuban|
years=1956-1966|
after=?}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/victorsviatin_en.htm Victor Svyatin]
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/lastchiefvictor_en.txt Last Chief of the Russian Spiritual Mission in China - Archbishop Victor]

==External link==
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/pozdnyaev/4_en.htm The Chinese Orthodox Church on the Path to Autonomy]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Shanghai]]
[[Category: Bishops of Beijing ]]
[[Category: Bishops of Krasnodar]]
[[Category: Missionaries]]
[[Category:Kazan Theological Academy Graduate]]

Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing

2010-07-27T23:32:06Z

Stmitrophan: /* Life */

Metropolitan '''Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing''' and China led the Russian Orthodox Mission in China from 1896 to 1931 and as Bishop of Beijing was its ruling bishop from 1902 to 1931.

==Life==
Ivan Appolonovich Figurovsky was born on [[February 22]], 1863 into a family of a [[priest]], Apollo Iosifovich Figurovsky, in the village of Panovsky in Siberia, Russia. His mother was Matron Gavrilova, who died in 1911 as the [[nun]] Manefa. His father was a priest of the Church of Kiriko-Iulitinsk in the Diocese of Yeniseisk. His pre-theological education was at a church school in Kransoyarsk. Upon completing his pre-theological education in 1878, young Ivan entered the theological seminary in Tomsk. He only completed three years of study before leaving the seminary.

In 1883, Ivan was appointed to the position of chanter in the Church of the Presentation in the town of Blakhtinsk. There he met Anna Petrovna, the eldest daughter of the priest, Peter Simonov, of the Presentation Church. They were married on [[November 11]], 1883. In the following year, 1884, he was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[priest]] in the Yeniseisk eparchy ([[diocese]]) in Siberia.

After the death of his wife, Anna, probably in late 1885, Ivan left his parish, in 1886, and entered the fourth year class at the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. After completing his classes at the [[seminary]] in 1888, Ivan entered the St. Petersburg Theological Academy. In 1890, Ivan was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Innocent. Innocent completed his studies in the academy in 1892 and received the degree of candidate in theology. He was appointed inspector of the spiritual school of Alexander Nevsky.

Having been ordained to the priesthood, Fr. Innocent was elevated to [[archimandrite]] in 1894 and appointed [[rector]] of the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. During 1895, he was the priest-in-charge of the Holy Protection missionary monastery in Moscow. In 1896, Fr. Innocent was assigned as the eighteenth leader of the Orthodox mission to Beijing, China. Fr. Innocent traveled to China through western Europe visiting missionary groups to familiarizing himself with missionary activities. His travels included visits to [[Mount Athos]] and Palestine before continuing on to the Far East. He arrived in Beijing in March 1897. On arrival he found the mission disorganized and immediately set to establishing order in the organization, setting rules for missionary operations, establishing Chinese as the language for daily services, energizing preaching the [[Gospel]] in Beijing, organizing [[parish]] activities, and initiating charity efforts in Beijing.

In 1900, the Boxer (Yihetuan Movement) revolt brought serious problems to the Orthodox mission, as well as to other christian groups in China, as the Boxers destroyed the property of the mission. During the revolt over 200 Orthodox were killed by the Boxers. In 1901, Fr. Innocent was called to St. Petersburg to report to the Holy Synod on the state of the mission. With support from Metropolitan Anthony, the mission was continued and Fr. Innocent was elected Bishop of Beijing. His consecration was held in the Holy Trinity Cathedral at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra on [[June 3]], 1902 with the title bishop of Pereslavsk in honor of St. Innocent of Irkutsk who was the first to be assigned to lead the Russian Mission in Beijing in 1721 which unfortunately never materialized. In August 1902, Bp. Innocent returned to China. The area of Bp. Innocent’s jurisdiction was large, extending along the Chinese-Eastern Railway and all the churches in China including Mongolia and Manchuria.

As an after effect of the Boxer revolt, nearly all of China was opened to spreading of the Gospel. Under Bp. Innocent’s leadership missions and parishes were opened throughout the northern part of China. The first female monastery was organized in Beijing in 1903. By 1915, over 5,500 Chinese had been baptized. A translation commission actively produced translations of the Scriptures. Bp. Innocent himself was fluent in Chinese and had mastered some 62,000 Chinese characters.

In 1921, Bp. Innocent was elevated to [[Archbishop]] of Beijing and was placed as the ruling bishop of the Diocese of Beijing and China created by the Synod Abroad in 1922. In 1928, Abp. Innocent was awarded the dignity of [[Metropolitan]] of Beijing and China. He reposed on [[June 28]], 1931 and was buried in the Church of the All Holy Martyrs in Beijing.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Pereyaslav|
years=1902-1921|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Archbishop of Beijing and China|
years=1922-1928|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=—|
title=Metropolitan of Beijing and China|
years=1928-1931|
after=Archbishop [[Simon (Vinogradov) of Beijing]]}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/innoc-fig_en.htm Innokenty (Figurovsky]
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/0001figurovsky_en.htm Bishop Innocenty (Figurovsky)]
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/1610romc_en.htm Archimandrite Innocent]
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/krasnoyarsk_en.htm Krasnoyarsk Missionaries in Beijing]

==External link==
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/missionheads_en.htm Heads of the Russian Spiritual Mission in Beijing]
*[http://www.pravoslavie.ru/cgi-bin/sykon/client/display.pl?sid=852&did=1727 МИТРОПОЛИТ ПЕКИНСКИЙ И КИТАЙСКИЙ ИННОКЕНТИЙ (ФИГУРОВСКИЙ)]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Beijing]]
[[Category: Missionaries]]
[[Category: St. Petersburg Academy Graduates]]
[[Category: Orthodoxy in China]]

Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing

2010-07-27T23:26:14Z

Stmitrophan: /* Life */

Metropolitan '''Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing''' and China led the Russian Orthodox Mission in China from 1896 to 1931 and as Bishop of Beijing was its ruling bishop from 1902 to 1931.

==Life==
Ivan Appolonovich Figurovsky was born on [[February 22]], 1863 into a family of a [[priest]], Apollo Iosifovich Figurovsky, in the village of Panovsky in Siberia, Russia. His mother was Matron Gavrilova, who died in 1911 as the [[nun]] Manefa. His father was a priest of the Church of Kiriko-Iulitinsk in the Diocese of Yeniseisk. His pre-theological education was at a church school in Kransoyarsk. Upon completing his pre-theological education in 1878, young Ivan entered the theological seminary in Tomsk. He only completed three years of study before leaving the seminary.

In 1883, Ivan was appointed to the position of chanter in the Church of the Presentation in the town of Blakhtinsk. There he met Anna Petrovna, the eldest daughter of the priest, Peter Simonov, of the Presentation Church. They were married on [[November 11]], 1883. In the following year, 1884, he was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[priest]] in the Yeniseisk eparchy ([[diocese]]) in Siberia.

After the death of his wife, Anna, probably in late 1885, Ivan left his parish, in 1886, and entered the fourth year class at the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. After completing his classes at the [[seminary]] in 1888, Ivan entered the St. Petersburg Theological Academy. In 1890, Ivan was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Innocent. Innocent completed his studies in the academy in 1892 and received the degree of candidate in theology. He was appointed inspector of the spiritual school of Alexander Nevsky.

Having been ordained to the priesthood, Fr. Innocent was elevated to [[archimandrite]] in 1894 and appointed [[rector]] of the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. During 1895, he was the priest-in-charge of the Holy Protection missionary monastery in Moscow. In 1896, Fr. Innocent was assigned as the eighteenth leader of the Orthodox mission to Beijing, China. Fr. Innocent traveled to China through western Europe visiting missionary groups to familiarizing himself with missionary activities. His travels included visits to [[Mount Athos]] and Palestine before continuing on to the Far East. He arrived in Beijing in March 1897. On arrival he found the mission disorganized and immediately set to establishing order in the organization, setting rules for missionary operations, establishing Chinese as the language for daily services, energizing preaching the [[Gospel]] in Beijing, organizing [[parish]] activities, and initiating charity efforts in Beijing.

In 1900, the Boxer (Yihetuan Movement) revolt brought serious problems to the Orthodox mission, as well as to other christian groups in China, as the Boxers destroyed the property of the mission. During the revolt over 200 Orthodox were killed by the Boxers. In 1901, Fr. Innocent was called to St. Petersburg to report to the Holy Synod on the state of the mission. With support from Metropolitan Anthony, the mission was continued and Fr. Innocent was elected Bishop of Beijing. His consecration was held in the Holy Trinity Cathedral at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra on [[June 3]], 1902. In August 1902, Bp. Innocent returned to China. The area of Bp. Innocent’s jurisdiction was large, extending along the Chinese-Eastern Railway and all the churches in China including Mongolia and Manchuria.

As an after effect of the Boxer revolt, nearly all of China was opened to spreading of the Gospel. Under Bp. Innocent’s leadership missions and parishes were opened throughout the northern part of China. The first female monastery was organized in Beijing in 1903. By 1915, over 5,500 Chinese had been baptized. A translation commission actively produced translations of the Scriptures. Bp. Innocent himself was fluent in Chinese and had mastered some 62,000 Chinese characters.

In 1921, Bp. Innocent was elevated to [[Archbishop]] of Beijing and was placed as the ruling bishop of the Diocese of Beijing and China created by the Synod Abroad in 1922. In 1928, Abp. Innocent was awarded the dignity of [[Metropolitan]] of Beijing and China. He reposed on [[June 28]], 1931 and was buried in the Church of the All Holy Martyrs in Beijing.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Pereyaslav|
years=1902-1921|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Archbishop of Beijing and China|
years=1922-1928|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=—|
title=Metropolitan of Beijing and China|
years=1928-1931|
after=Archbishop [[Simon (Vinogradov) of Beijing]]}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/innoc-fig_en.htm Innokenty (Figurovsky]
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/0001figurovsky_en.htm Bishop Innocenty (Figurovsky)]
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/1610romc_en.htm Archimandrite Innocent]
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/krasnoyarsk_en.htm Krasnoyarsk Missionaries in Beijing]

==External link==
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/missionheads_en.htm Heads of the Russian Spiritual Mission in Beijing]
*[http://www.pravoslavie.ru/cgi-bin/sykon/client/display.pl?sid=852&did=1727 МИТРОПОЛИТ ПЕКИНСКИЙ И КИТАЙСКИЙ ИННОКЕНТИЙ (ФИГУРОВСКИЙ)]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Beijing]]
[[Category: Missionaries]]
[[Category: St. Petersburg Academy Graduates]]
[[Category: Orthodoxy in China]]

Template:Orthodoxyinasia

2010-07-27T22:42:11Z

Stmitrophan:

{| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" |This article forms part of the series [[Orthodoxy in East Asia]]
|-
| colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; background:#ccf"|'''History'''
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;"|[[Timeline of Orthodoxy in Japan|Japan timeline]] [[Timeline of Orthodoxy in China|China timeline]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; background:#ccf"|'''Countries'''
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;"|[[Church of Japan|Japan]] [[Church of China|China]] [[Orthodox Metropolis of Korea|Korea]] [[Eparchy of India|India]] [[Indonesian Orthodox Church|Indonesia]] [[Eparchy of the Philippines|The Philippines]] [[Eparchy of Singapore|Singapore]] [[Eparchy of Taiwan|Taiwan]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; background:#ccf"|'''Hierarchs'''
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;"|[[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan|Daniel of Japan]] [[Seraphim (Tsudzie) of Sendai|Seraphim of Sendai]] [[Nektarios (Tsilis) of Hong Kong|Nektarios of Hong Kong]] [[Sotirios (Trambas) of Korea|Sotirios of Korea]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; background:#ccf"|'''Institutions'''
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;"|[[Theotokos Orthodox Monastery (Masbate, The Philippines)|Theotokos, Masbate]] [[Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Savior (Gapyeong, Korea)|Transfiguration, Korea]] [[St. Nicholas Orthodox Theological Seminary (Korea)|St. Nicholas Seminary]] [[St. Emmeleia Fellowship of Presbyteres|Presbyteres Fellowship]] [[St. Sophia's Sisterhood|Charitable Organisation]]
|-
|style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc"|
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Template:Orthodoxyinasia&action=edit Edit this box]
|}

<noinclude>{{bigtemplate}}

This template displays the series box. It does not include the article in any category.
[[Category:Series templates|Orthodoxyinasia]]
</noinclude>

Jaroslav Pelikan

2010-06-08T08:36:03Z

Stmitrophan: /* External links */

[[Image:Pelikan.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Dr. Jaroslav Pelikan]]'''Jaroslav Jan Pelikan''' ([[December 17]], 1923 – [[May 13]], 2006) was one of the world's leading scholars in the history of Christianity and authored more than 30 books including the five-volume ''The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine'' (1971-1989). Pelikan gave the 1992–93 [[w:Gifford lectures|Gifford lectures]] at the University of Aberdeen, which yielded the book ''Christianity and Classical Culture''. He was the Sterling Professor Emeritus of History at Yale University where he served on the faculty from 1962 to 1996, and was the president of the [[w:American Academy of Arts and Sciences|American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] from 1994 to 1997.

Born in Akron, Ohio, as the son of a Slovak Lutheran pastor and a Serbian mother, Pelikan joined the [[Orthodox Church in America]] on [[March 25]], 1998.

In 2004, having received the [[w:Kluge Prize|John W. Kluge Prize for Lifetime Achievement in the Human Sciences]], Pelikan donated his award to [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary]], of which he is a trustee.

On May 13, 2006, Jaroslav Pelikan reposed, after a long battle with lung cancer. The funeral was May 17 in the seminary chapel of St. Vladimir's Seminary.

==Quotations==
:''What is the difference between [[Tradition]] and Traditionalism? Tradition is the living faith of the dead. Traditionalism is the dead faith of the living.'' from ''The Vindication of Tradition''

:''For those who believe that you don't need tradition because you have the [[Bible]], the Christian Tradition has sought to say, "You are not entitled to the beliefs you cherish about such things as the [[Holy Trinity]] without a sense of what you owe to those who worked this out for you." To circumvent Saint [[Athanasius the Great|Athanasius]] on the assumption that if you put me alone in a room with the [[New Testament]], I will come up with the doctrine of the Trinity, is naive. So for these readers I have tried to provide a degree of historical sophistication, which is, I believe, compatible with an affirmation of the central doctrines of Christian faith.''

==Bibliography==
*''Bach Among the Theologians''
*''Christianity and Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter with Hellenism'', Yale University, 1995, ISBN 0300062559
*''Confessor Between East and West: A Portrait of Ukrainian Cardinal Josyf Slipyj''
*''Credo: Historical and Theological Guide to Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition'' ISBN 0300093888
*''Development of Christian Doctrine: Some Historical Prolegomena''
*''The Excellent Empire: The Fall of Rome and the Triumph of the Church''
*''Faust the Theologian''
*''The Idea of the University: A Reexamination'' ISBN 0300058349
*''Interpreting the Bible and the Constitution'' (John W. Kluge Center Books) ISBN 0300102674
*''Jesus Through the Centuries: His Place in the History of Culture'' ISBN 0300079877
*''Luther's Works''
*''Martin Luther's Basic Theological Writings''
*''Mary Through the Centuries: Her Place in the History of Culture'' ISBN 0300076614
*''Mary: Images Of The Mother Of Jesus In Jewish And Christian Perspective''
*''The Melody of Theology: A Philosophical Dictionary''
*''The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century'' (Foreword) ISBN 0807013013
*''The Riddle of Roman Catholicism''
*''The Vindication of Tradition: The 1983 Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities'' ISBN 978-0300031546
*''The World Treasury of Modern Religious Thought''
*''What Has Athens to Do with Jerusalem?: Timaeus and Genesis in Counterpoint'' (Thomas Spencer Jerome Lectures) ISBN 0472108077
*''Whose Bible Is It? A History of the Scriptures Through the Ages'' ISBN 0670033855

==Source==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_Pelikan&oldid=28037842 ''Jaroslav Pelikan'' on Wikipedia]

==External links==
*[http://www.svots.edu/2006-0513-pelikan/ Dr Jaroslav Pelikan falls asleep in the Lord] by St Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary
*[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Pelikan Jaroslav Pelikan article in German]
*[http://www.yale.edu/history/faculty/pelikan.html Yale History Faculty: Jaroslav Pelikan]
*[http://www.thelutheran.org/article/article_buy.cfm?article_id=1897 Pelikan to Orthodox church] by Roger Kahle and Amy Sitze of ''thelutheran.org'' (subscription only)
*[http://www.loc.gov/loc/kluge/pelikan.html Announcement of Kluge Award]
*"[http://midwestdiocese.org/heritage/resources/the_future_of_our_past The Future of Our Past]" - originally published in ''The Orthodox Church'' (OCA newspaper)
*[http://www.ctinquiry.org/publications/pelikan.htm The Predicament of the Christian Historian] by Jaroslav Pelikan

[[Category:Modern Writers]]
[[Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity|Pelikan]]

Timeline of Orthodoxy in China

2009-05-02T00:24:16Z

Stmitrophan: /* Revival of the Church (1984-Present) */

The '''History of Orthodoxy in China''' is recent when compared to that of the Orthodox Church as a whole. While there is archaeological evidence of Christianity reaching western China in the seventh and eighth centuries in the form of the heretical [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] form, and even earlier speculative evidence to as early as the first to third centuries, historically the beginnings of Orthodox Christianity in China is traced from the seventeenth century.

==From Albazin to Beijing (1651-1715)==
*1644-1912 [[w:Qing Dynasty|Qing (Manchu) Dynasty]], the last ruling dynasty of China.
*1651 - Russian Cossack [[w:Yerofey Khabarov|Erofey (Geoffery) Khabarov]] founded the fort/town of [[w:Albazin|Albazin]] on the Amur River.
*1665 - Church of the Resurrection and monastery founded in Albazin (Russian fort/town).
*1685 - Chinese capture Albazin, razing Church of the Resurrection; Group of Albazin Russians, including [[Priest]] [[Maxim Leontiev]], are re-settled to Beijing by Chinese; Qing Dynasty [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] (1661-1722) ordered the Buddhist temple of Guangi Miao (Temple of the War God) in the northeast corner of the imperial city to be cleared for the Russian inhabitants, becoming the Church of Hagia Sophia<ref>The chapel was originally named the Nikolsky Church because of a wonderworking icon Fr. Maximus brought with him. However the church was consecrated in 1698 in the name of Hagia Sophia, or Divine Wisdom.</ref>, the first Orthodox Church in China.
*1689 - [[w:Treaty of Nerchinsk|Treaty of Nerchinsk]] established Amur River as boundary between Russia and China, recognzing Russia's sovereignty over eastern Siberia.
*1698 - Consecration of the first Orthodox church, in the name of Hagia Sophia, or Divine Wisdom, in Beijing, recognized by Ignatius, [[Metropolitan]] of Tobolsk; on this auspicious occasion many Chinese received [[Baptism|Holy Baptism]], and thus the consecration of the first Orthodox Church coincided with the introduction of Orthodoxy among the Chinese.
*1712 Death of Fr. [[Maxim Leontiev]]; Emperor Kangxi gives permission for a new priest to come.

==Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China (1715-1956)==
*1715 [[Archimandrite]] [[Ilarion (Lezhaisky)]], with staff, icons, sacred vessels, and service books arrives in Beijing as head of the first Russian Orthodox Mission; [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] had initiated the practice of receiving missions of Orthodox clergy and students of about ten-years each.
*1717 Archimandrite Ilarion (Lezhaisky) reposed in Beijing.
*1724 [[w:Yongzheng Emperor|Emperor Yongcheng]] issues edict promoting Confucianism as the proper way of life, and declaring Roman Catholicism, and to some degree Buddhism and Taoism as heterodox.
*1727 The first mission is recorded in the [[w:Treaty of Kyakhta|Russo-Chinese treaty]] of 1727, in ''Article V''<ref>The fifth article of the treaty provided for four priests and six students to live in Peking until they felt like returning to Russia, at which time they would be replaced by a new contingent. The mission was to be supported in various ways by both countries. In return, it answered a mutual need for continuous contact between the capitals of St. Petersburg and Peking. (Eric Widmer. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3ZjnRS1g6zkC The Russian ecclesiastical mission in Peking during the eighteenth century]. Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1976. p.4).</ref> allowing for the legal establishment of a Russian religious institution in Beijing, as well as defining official trade ties and demarcating the border.
 
*1729 Archimandrite Antony (Platkovsky) arrives as head of the second Mission.
*1730 The mission reported that there were more than 50 baptized persons among the Chinese and Manchus, excluding women; construction of the [[w:Siberian Route|Tea Road (Siberian Route)]] begun, starting in Moscow and terminating at [[w:Kyakhta|Kyakhta]], a trading point on the border between the Russian and Qing Empires.
 
*1736 Archimandrite Ilarion (Trusov) arrives in Beijing as head of the third Mission.
*1741 Archimandrite Ilarion (Trusov) reposed in Beijing.
 
*1745 Archimandrite Gervasy (Lintsevsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the fourth Mission.
 
*1755 Archimandrite Amvrosy (Yumatov) arrives in Beijing as head of the fifth Mission.
*1771 Archimandrite Amvrosy (Yumatov) reposed in Beijing.
 
*1771 Archimandrite Nikolai (Tsvet) arrives in Beijing as head of the sixth Mission.
 
*1781 Archimandrite Ioakim (Shishkovsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the seventh Mission.
 
*1794 Archimandrite Sofrony (Gribovsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the eighth Mission.
*1796-1805 Rebellion of the [[w:White Lotus Rebellion|White Lotus Society]], a secret Taoist society that forecast the advent of ''Maitreya''.
*1806 By 1806 eight separate missions had been sent to live in the Manchu capital and the Russian establishment included buildings that housed the mission proper (''Uspeniya Presvyatoi Bogoroditsu'') or "Conception of the Holiest Mother of God", the Nikolskii church, a school of Chinese and Manchu studies, and a Manchu school of Russian studies.
 
*1807 Archimandrite [[Iakinf (Bichurin) of Beijing|Iiakinf (Bichurin)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the ninth Mission, became an imminent sinologist.
*1812 Following Napoleon's invasion of Russia, all contact between the mission and the homeland was lost, and for a time the mission members had to survive by their own efforts and small allowances from the Chinese govemment.
*1813 Rebellion of the Eight Trigrams Society (Baguajiao), a secret Taoist society closely related to the millennarian White Lotus tradition, galvanized into revolt by their belief that the millennium had arrived.
 
*1821 Archimandrite Peter (Kamensky) arrives in Beijing as head of the tenth Mission.
 
*1830 Hieromonk Veniamin (Morachevich) arrives in Beijing as head of the eleventh Mission.
*1839-42 First Opium War; Hong Kong was ceded to Great Britain from China as part of the concessions from the Opium War.
 
*1840 Archimandrite Policarp (Tugarinov) arrives in Beijing as head of the twelfth Mission.
 
*1850 Archimandrite Pallady (Kafarov) arrives in Beijing as head of the thirteenth Mission.
*1850-65 [[w:Taiping Rebellion|Taiping Rebellion]], a Christian-inspired Chinese millenarian movement, described as the most destructive civil war in the history of the world.
*1856-60 Second Opium War.
 
*1858 Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the fourteenth Mission; after the [[w:Treaties of Tianjin|Treaty of Tianjin]] the status of the mission changed in that its diplomatic activities on behalf of Russia became obsolete.
*1860 About 150 priests worked in the mission; although it is estimated that there were not more than 200 Orthodox in Beijing, including the descendants of naturalized Russians; after the [[w:Convention of Peking|Treaty of Peking]] other countries as well as Russia were allowed to open diplomatic embassies; the old Russian presence in Beijing became known as the Northern Yard (''Beiguan'' - reserved for the Russian Orthodox priests), and a Southern Yard (''Nannguan'') was established for the Ambassador, both remaining important.
*1864 Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]] completes translation of the [[New Testament]] and church services into Chinese.
 
*1865 Archimandrite Pallady (Kafarov) returns in Beijing as head of the fifteenth Mission (1865-78), translating more works into Chinese including the ''Book of Psalms'' and ''Book of Services''.
 
*1879 Archimandrite Flavian (Gorodetsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the sixteenth Mission (1879-84); he conducts services in Chinese.
*1882 Fr. [[Mitrophan Ji]] ordained, in Tokyo, Japan, as first Chinese Orthodox [[priest]] by St [[Nicholas of Japan]].
 
*1884 Archimandrite Amfilohil (Lutovinov) arrives in Beijing as head of the seventeenth Mission (1894-1896), making little progress for lack of funds and training.
*1894-95 First Sino-Japanese War.
 
*1896 Archimandrite [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figurovsky)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the eighteenth Mission (1896-1931), spearheading many modern Chinese translations of Orthodox liturgical and catechetical books, and setting a more missionary spirit, revitalizing the mission.
*1898 The modern city of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] is founded, with the start of the construction of the [[w:Chinese Eastern Railway|Chinese Eastern Railway]] by Russia, an extension of the Trans-Siberian Railway, eventually becoming a major centre of [[w:White movement|White Russian]] émigrés; 200th anniversary of the consecration of the first Orthodox church in China.
*1900 Yihetuan (Boxer) revolt, an anti-Western and anti-missionary uprising in China, results in destruction of Orthodox Mission and death of [[Martyrs of China|222 Chinese Orthodox martyrs]]; the Guan Miao area where the Albazine community lived was laid to rubble, including destruction of its famous library.
*1902 Archimandrite [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figurovsky)]] consecrated Bishop in Russia and returned as first bishop in China.
*1903 Orthodox communities in [[w:Manchuria|Manchuria]] (Harbin) placed under Bp. Innocent, Bishop of Beijing; church of the [http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/churchofmartyrs_en.htm All Holy Martyrs of the Yihetuan Uprising] is built on the grounds of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing where many of the [[Martyrs of China|222 martyrs]] were slain (later destroyed in 1957 by the Soviets).
*1907 [[St. Sophia Cathedral (Harbin, China)|St. Sophia Cathedral]] is built in Harbin City.
*'''1912''' The [[w:Republic of China|Republic of China]] was established on [[January 1]], 1912, after over two thousand years of imperial rule.
*1910 Chinese Prayer book is compiled by Bishop [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innokenty (Figurovsky)]] of Beiguan, Beijing.
*1916 There were 32 Orthodox mission churches in various provinces with 5,587 Orthodox Chinese adherents, with a thriving and expanding mission; within twenty years that number was estimated at 10,000<ref>Stephen Uhalley and Xiaoxin Wu. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future]. M.E. Sharpe, 2001. p.22</ref>; the church also ran schools and orphanages.
*'''1917''' The [[w:Russian Revolution (1917)|Russian Revolution]] separated the Orthodox Church of China from its traditional support base in Russia, and the Chinese church had to fend for itself; the numbers of Orthodox faithful in China swelled in the wake of the Russian revolution, when anti-Bolshevik Russian emigres ([[w:White émigré|White émigrés]]) poured across the border into China, forming colonies in Harbin, Shanghai and Beijing; Harbin held the largest Russian population outside of the state of Russia.
*1922 Orthodox bishops in China came under the jurisdiction of the Synod of Russian Bishops Outside Russia [[ROCOR]] (1922-1945); [[Diocese of Harbin]], under [[ROCOR]], formed; St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]], Bishop of Hankou (1922-1925); [[w:Church of the Intercession in Harbin| Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church]] is founded in Harbin City.
*1927-1950 [[w:Chinese Civil War|Chinese Civil War]] ''(Nationalist-Communist Civil War).''
*ca.1930 There were more than 50,000 Orthodox in China, mostly Russians; Dioceses were established in Shanghai and Tianjin, in addition to Harbin and Beijing.
*1930 [[w:Church of the Intercession in Harbin| Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church]] in Harbin City is rebuilt of brick.
*1931-45 Japanese-dominated state of Manchukuo ("State of Manchuria") is formed by former Qing Dynasty officials with help from Imperial Japan.
 
*1931 Archbishop [[Simon (Vinogradov) of Beijing|Simon (Vinogradov)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the nineteenth Mission (1931-1933).
 
*1933 Bishop [[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the twentieth and last Mission (1933-1956).
*1934 [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/shanghai/cathedral_en.htm Shanghai cathedral] (''Cathedral of the "Surety of Sinners", or "Intercessions of Sinners"'') is completed, as the newly consecrated Bishop [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] arrives from Serbia.
*1934-46 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]], Bishop of Shanghai.
*1937-41 Second Sino-Japanese War.
*1945 [[Diocese]] of Harbin subordinated under Moscow Patriarchate after arrival of Soviet Army; short occupation of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] by the Soviet Army from August 1945 to April 1946, resulting in thousands of [[w:Harbin Russians|Russian emigres]] being forcibly removed to the Soviet Union; the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] resumed jurisdiction over the episcopate in China from [[ROCOR]].
*1946 ROCOR elevated [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] to Archbishop; since ROCOR and the MP were not in communion at this time, Abp. John (Maximovitch) was [http://saintjohnwonderworker.org/letters.htm Archbishop not only of Shanghai, but of all China] for the White Russian immigrants; Harbin and East Asia Diocese is transformed into the East Asia Exarchate, by Patriarchal Edict 664 of 11 June 1946.
*1946-49 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]], Archbishop of Shanghai and over all the Russian faithful in China.
*1948 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] blessed a revised edition of the 1910 Chinese prayer book of Bishop [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innokenty (Figurovsky)]], with more catechetical material.
*'''1949''' Establishment of the [[w:People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] in mainland China, by the victorious Communists, who end all Chrisitan missionary work; by this time 106 Orthodox churches had been opened in China, with the parishioners generally being Russian refugees, and the native Chinese element constituting at least 10,000 faithful; until 1949 there were more than 15 Russian Orthodox churches and two cemeteries in [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] alone; treaties were signed between the Soviet and Chinese governments that provided for the turning over of Russian churches to Chinese control; most of the Russians left for Australia, the United States and other places.
*1950 [[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]] consecrated Bishop of Tianjin in July, becoming the first Chinese Orthodox [[bishop]]. Later, in September, he was transferred to be Bishop of Shanghai (1950-1965).
*1954 East Asia Exarchate (''Diocese of Harbin'') abolished.
*1956 Archbishop [[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]], the last Russian bishop and leader of the 20th Spiritual Mission, returned to the Soviet Union, following agreements reached between Nikita Khruschev and Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), drawing to a close a variegated chapter in the history of Orthodoxy in China.

==Autonomy and Decline (1956-1984)==
*1956 - [[Church of China]] under Chinese administration is established under pressure from the Chinese authorities; all non-Chinese clergy leave China; on the orders of then-Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev, the Soviet Embassy took over the territory of the Russian Orthodox mission and tore down the church.
*1957 - [[Holy Synod]] of the [[Church of Russia]] granted autonomy to the [[Church of China]]; [[Vasily (Shuan) of Beijing|Vasily (Shuan)]] consecrated Bishop of Beijing.
*1962 - Bp. Vasily reposed. No successor seated as Bishop of Beijing due to Chinese government constraints.
*1965 - Bp. [[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]] reposed, leaving the Chinese Church without any bishops.
*1966 The [[w:Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]] (1966-1976) almost totally destroyed the young [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Church]], with some clergymen being persecuted and exiled, others tortured, churches being closed, their property confiscated, and religious activity forbidden or driven underground.
*1978 The ''Constitution of the People's Republic of China'' guaranteed "freedom of religion" with a number of restrictions; the five recognized religions by the state include Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism<ref>While the Roman Catholic Church is officially banned in the country, the Chinese government demands that all Chinese "Catholics" must be loyal to the State, and that worship must legally be conducted through State-approved churches belonging to the "[[w:Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association|Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association]]", established in 1957 by the People's Republic of China's Religious Affairs Bureau to exercise state supervision over mainland China's Catholics.</ref><ref>According to 2003 estimated statistics of the Chinese Catholic Church by ''China Bridge: Observations on China from the Holy Spirit Study Centre'', the Church in China has 12 million Roman Catholics, 138 dioceses, 74 bishops in the official (state) Church, and 46 bishops in the unofficial (Papal) Church. The same report also says that there are 1,740 priests in the official Church and 1,000 in the unofficial Church, as well as 3,500 sisters in the official Church and 1,700 sisters in the unofficial Church.</ref> and Protestantism;<ref>In ''"Onward, Christian Soldiers,"'' an article appearing in the May 10, 2004 issue of '''Newsweek''' magazine, Chinese academics say China now has at least 45 million Christians, most of whom are Protestants. However, Western researchers put the number closer to 90 million. The article notes that there are about 6 million members of the official, government-recognized Roman Catholic Church. China's overall population is about 1.3 billion.(Newsweek)</ref> (Orthodoxy not registered as of yet<ref>The officially declared reason for the government's non-recognition of The Orthodox Church is the government's fear that external political forces from outside nations — in this case, primarily Russia — could achieve influence within China. This places the Church to the legal status of ''religia-illicitata''. ([http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Chinese_Orthodox_Church/id/1966122 Encyclopedia - Chinese Orthodox Church], at Global Oneness).</ref>).

==Revival of the Church (1984-Present)==
*1984 [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/harbin/pokrov_en.htm Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church] of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] is reopened, with a few Russian refugees and the Orthodox Chinese being allowed to pray there in 1986; at this time it is the only Orthodox church in the territory of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) where services have been going on; the resident priest Fr. Grigori Zhu (+2000) attended to the parish consisting of 144 souls ranging in age from 68 to 92.
*1986 About 3,000 Orthodox Christians living in the predominantly Muslim autonomous area of [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] were allowed to reconstruct their [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/xinjiang/urumqi_en.htm church of St Nicholas] in [[w:Ürümqi|Urumqi]], but with no priest present the community could only meet to pray.
*1989 [[w:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|Tiananmen Square protests]] occurred in a year that saw the [[w:Revolutions of 1989|collapse of a number of communist governments]] around the world, culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (''June Fourth Incident'').
*1993 A delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church including Kirill the Metropolitan of Smolensk and Kaliningrad visited China.
*1996 [[Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]] (OMHKSEA) founded, with its status recognised by the city's parliament, and the church operating freely in Hong Kong and Taiwan; Metr. [[Nikitas (Lulias) of Dardanellia]] becomes first Metropolitan of Diocese of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia (1996-2007).
*1997 On the occasion of 40th year anniversary of the autonomy of the Orthodox Church in China, the Holy Synod of the ROC met on February 17 1997, deciding to take care of the Orthodox faithfull in China under the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, until a Head of the OCC can be elected; in Harbin, the beautiful [[St. Sophia Cathedral (Harbin, China)|St. Sophia Cathedral]] was renovated and opened as a museum; Hong Kong returned to Chinese control by the British in July.
*1998 300th anniversary of the consecration of the first Orthodox church in China.
*1999 The ''Russian-Chinese Orthodox Missionary Society'' is founded in Sydney, Australia, under ROCOR, with the aim of spiritual enlightenment of the Chinese speaking population of the country.
*2000 Death of Fr. Grigory Zhu in September, leaving the [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/harbin/pokrov_en.htm Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church] in [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] without a priest; Archimandrite Fr. [[Jonah (Mourtos) of Taipei|Jonah (Mourtos)]] arrived in Taiwan in September to lead the mission of the church there, having spent seventeen years as a monk on [[Mount Athos]]; [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/xinjiang/yiningnikolai_en.htm St Nicholas Church] rebuilt by local government in Ghulja (Yining), Xinjiang; according to the 2000 census, 30,505 [[w:Evenks|Evenks]] were counted in China, a nominally Orthodox Christian ethnic group (self-identified Orthodox minority in China), living in the [[w:Hulunbuir|Hulunbuir]] region in the north.
*2003 Death of Fr. [[Alexander (Du Lifu)|Alexander Du Lifu]] in December, the last remaining Orthodox priest in Beijing, who died without realising his dream of reopening a church in Beijing.
*2004 Attempts are made to grow the church through cyberspace, as Mitrophan Chin, a young Chinese-American who converted to the Orthodox religion, volunteers as the webmaster for [http://www.orthodox.cn/index_en.html www.orthodox.cn]; the Chinese government allowed a hieromonk from Russia to visit the Pokrov Church in Harbin to hear confessions in both Russian and Chinese in July; in August a Russian Orthodox Church delegation led by Bishop Mark of Egorevsk [http://www.orthodox.cn/news/040826beijing_en.htm met with Chinese officials] and representatives of the country's various religious organizations; ''Brotherhood of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul'' parish is established in Hong Kong under Fr Dionisy Pozdnyaev, dedicated to assist the revival of the Chinese Autonomous Orthodox Church.
*2005 As of 2005 there were only five priests, a number expected to grow because several Chinese nationals are currently studying in Orthodox seminaries with the intention of returning to China to serve as priests (depending on the blessing of the Chinese government).
*2006 Currently there are around 13,000 Orthodox Christians in China (''according to the External Church Relations Department of the Moscow Patriarchate''), with an estimated 400 residing in the capital Beijing, but they are not recognized as an official religious community;<ref>AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6625 Russian Orthodox church to be set up in Beijing shortly]. ''AsiaNews.it'', July 06, 2006.</ref> 13 Chinese Orthodox students are undergoing studies at the ''Sretenskaya Theological Academy'' in Moscow and the ''Academy of St Petersburg'', to pave the way for a minimal presence of clergy in China; the Russian Orthodox Church did its utmost through president Vladimir Putin, to gain recognition of Orthodoxy in China before the 2008 Olympics in Beijing; Publication of first Orthodox prayer book in both Chinese and Russian, following the editions of 1948 and 1910; the ''Orthodox Fellowship of All Saints of China'' (OFASC) is launched in the US, with the strategic vision of producing easy-to-read and accurate modern Chinese translations of important Orthodox texts.
*2007 50th anniversary of the autonomy of the Orthodox Church in China; the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] decided to open a department concerned with the [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Autonomous Church]] (COAC), stressing the need to continue efforts taken by its ''Department for External Church Relations'' in the dialogue with the Chinese authorities to normalize the situation of the Orthodox Church in China; Easter liturgies were offered in Russia’s diplomatic missions in China, with over 300 walking in an Easter procession in the Russian Embassy in Beijing, and 120 more attending the Easter liturgy in the Russian Consulate General in Shanghai; the Municipal Housing Bureau of Shanghai mandated the restoration of the [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/shanghai/cathedral_en.htm Shanghai Cathedral] to prepare it as a historical museum; death of Protopresbyter [[Elias Wen]].
*2008 Father Mikhail Wang and Protodeacon Evangel Lu, took part in divine services in China for first time 46 years and awarded medals of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh (I degree) given by Patriarch Alexy of Moscow; Metr. [[Nektarios (Tsilis) of Hong Kong|Nektarios (Tsilis)]] becomes new Orthodox Bishop of Diocese of Hong Kong; Holy Synod of the [[Church of Ukraine|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] glorifies Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]].
*2009 Archpriest [[Georges Florovsky|Georges Florovsky's]] book ''"Christianity and Culture"'' is published in the Chinese language.

==Notes==
*Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
*The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
*This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the [[Orthodox Church]], though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

===Presence of Orthodox Communities in China===
'''Historically'''
:* Its first communities were made up of Russian immigrants concentrated in the north of the country in '''[[w:Albazin|Albazin]]''' (near the town of [[w:Skovorodino|Skovorodino]], in Russia's [[w:Amur Oblast|Amur Oblast]] region.
:* A group of Albazin Russians were re-settled in '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]]''' by Chinese, setting up the Russian Mission (1715-1956).
:* Dioceses were later established in '''[[w:Shanghai|Shanghai]]''' and '''[[w:Tianjin|Tianjin]]''', in addition to those in '''[[w:Harbin|Harbin]]''' and '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]]'''.

'''Currently'''
:* In addition to '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]],''' where there are about 400 faithful, most believers live in four main locations, still mainly of Russian origin:
:# '''[[w:Harbin|Harbin]]''' in [[w:Heilongjiang|Heilongjiang]] Province, where there is a parish dedicated to the Protective Mantle of the Mother of God.
:# '''Ergun''' (''Labdarin'') in [[w:Hulunbuir|Hulunbuir]] Province, (Outer Mongolia).
:# '''Kulj''' (''Kulj-i''), in [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] Province, of north west China (in the [[w:Tacheng Prefecture|Tacheng Prefecture]]).
:# '''[[w:Ürümqi|Urumqi]]''', in [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] Province, of north west China.<ref>AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=8981 Aleksej II criticises China, Taiwan accepts to open a church]. ''AsiaNews.it'', April 12, 2007.</ref>

===Qing Dynasty Emperors (1644-1912)===
*1644-1661 [[w:Shunzhi Emperor|Shunzhi]].
*1661-1722 [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Kangxi]].
*1722-1735 [[w:Yongzheng Emperor|Yongzheng]].
*1736-1796 [[w:Qianlong Emperor|Qianlong]].
*1796-1820 [[w:Jiaqing Emperor|Jiaqing]].
*1820-1850 [[w:Daoguang Emperor|Daoguang]].
*1850-1861 [[w:Xianfeng Emperor|Xianfeng]].
*1861-1875 [[w:Tongzhi Emperor|Tongzhi]].
*1875-1908 [[w:Guangxu Emperor|Guangxu]].
*1908-1912 [[w:Puyi|Xuantong]].

==See also==
* [[Church of China]]
* [[Russian Orthodox Mission in China]]
* [[Holy Martyrs of China]]
* [[Timeline of Church History]]

==External Links==
* [http://www.chinese.orthodoxy.ru/english/chinaE.htm Orthodoxy In China] ''(Official page of the Group for Study of Orthodoxy in China, organized by Department for External Church Relations of Moscow Patriarchate (DECR MP))''
* [http://www.omhksea.org Ecumenical Patriarchate: Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.]
* [http://www.orthodox.cn/index_en.html Orthodoxy In China] ''(Mitrophan Chin's website)''
* [http://www.tour-beijing.com/include/shownews.php?news_id=1804 The Russian Embassy - Beijing Travel]. tour-beijing.com
* [http://www.iscs.org.hk/Common/Reader/Channel/ShowPage.jsp?Cid=4&Pid=2&Version=0&Charset=iso-8859-1&page=0 Institute of Sino-Christian Studies] in Hong Kong.
'''Wikipedia'''
:'''Origins in Albazin (Post-1685)'''
:* [[w:Albazinians|Albazinians]]
:* [[w:Russian–Manchu border conflicts|Russian–Manchu border conflicts]]
:'''Russian Emigration to China (Post-1897)'''
:* [[w:Harbin Russians|Harbin Russians]]
:* [[w:Russians in China|Russians in China]]
:* [[w:Chinese Eastern Railway|Chinese Eastern Railway]]
:'''Russian Emigrees from Communism (Post-1917)'''
:* [[w:White émigré|White émigré]]
:'''Roman Catholic Missions'''
:* [[w:Roman Catholicism in China|Roman Catholicism in China]]
:* [[w:Jesuit China missions|Jesuit China missions]]
:* [[w:List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China|List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China]]
:'''Protestant Missions'''
:* [[w:Protestant missions in China 1807-1953|Protestant missions in China 1807-1953]]
:* [[w:List of Protestant missionaries in China|List of Protestant missionaries in China]]
:'''General'''
:* [[w:Christianity in China|Christianity in China]]
:* [[w:Religion in China|Religion in China]]
:* [[w:Timeline of Chinese history|Timeline of Chinese History]]

==Further Reading==
* Dina V. Doubrovskaia. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=%22Sophia%22+AND+%22Nikolskii+church%22&source=bl&ots=psj3iv2BZA&sig=RPrM4cmayYM7JPJPckaSbXiXYxE&hl=en&ei=lMXzSaTGFI-eMp3Hka4P&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#PPA163,M1 The Russian Orthodox Church in China]''. In: Stephen Uhalley and Xiaoxin Wu, '''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future]'''. M.E. Sharpe, 2001. 499 pp. (pp.163-176). (ISBN 0765606615; ISBN 9780765606617)
* Dr. Kevin Baker. [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6574&pc=9 A History of the Orthodox Church in China, Korea and Japan]. The Edwin Mellen Press, 2006. 288 pp. (ISBN 0-7734-5886-7; ISBN 978-0-7734-5886-4)
* Eric Widmer. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3ZjnRS1g6zkC The Russian ecclesiastical mission in Peking during the eighteenth century]. Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1976. 262 pp. (ISBN 0674781295; ISBN 9780674781290)
* Martha Avery. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=BMftUQCm5_IC The Tea Road: China and Russia meet across the Steppe]. China Intercontinental Press, 2003. 198 pp. (ISBN 7508503805; ISBN 9787508503806)
'''Articles'''
* Antoaneta Bezlova. [http://www.atimes.com/china/DA12Ad01.html Old time religion struggles to survive]. ''Asia Times'', January 12, 2002.
* AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6625 Russian Orthodox church to be set up in Beijing shortly]. ''AsiaNews.it'', July 06, 2006.
* Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America. [http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/zjxy/t36492.htm White Paper--Freedom of Religious Belief in China]. Beijing, October, 1997.
* Paul Mooney (Beijing). [http://www.pjmooney.com/scmp-orthodox.html Keeping the Faith]. ''South China Morning Post'', March 28, 2005.
* Religioscope. [http://www.religion.info/english/interviews/article_111.shtml Toward a rebirth of the Orthodox Church in China - Interview with Mitrophan Chin]. ''Religioscope'', 23 Oct 2004.
* Sarah Schafer. [http://www.newsweek.com/id/105278 Onward, Christian Soldiers: Chinese Missionaries Are Winning Souls Across The Middle Kingdom - And Plan To Spread Even Farther]. NEWSWEEK, May 10, 2004.

==References==
<div class="small"><references/></div>

[[Category: Church History]]
[[Category: Timelines]]
[[Category: Orthodoxy in China]]
[[Category: Missionaries]]

Timeline of Orthodoxy in China

2009-05-01T23:58:17Z

Stmitrophan: /* Revival of the Church (1984-Present) */

The '''History of Orthodoxy in China''' is recent when compared to that of the Orthodox Church as a whole. While there is archaeological evidence of Christianity reaching western China in the seventh and eighth centuries in the form of the heretical [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] form, and even earlier speculative evidence to as early as the first to third centuries, historically the beginnings of Orthodox Christianity in China is traced from the seventeenth century.

==From Albazin to Beijing (1651-1715)==
*1644-1912 [[w:Qing Dynasty|Qing (Manchu) Dynasty]], the last ruling dynasty of China.
*1651 - Russian Cossack [[w:Yerofey Khabarov|Erofey (Geoffery) Khabarov]] founded the fort/town of [[w:Albazin|Albazin]] on the Amur River.
*1665 - Church of the Resurrection and monastery founded in Albazin (Russian fort/town).
*1685 - Chinese capture Albazin, razing Church of the Resurrection; Group of Albazin Russians, including [[Priest]] [[Maxim Leontiev]], are re-settled to Beijing by Chinese; Qing Dynasty [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] (1661-1722) ordered the Buddhist temple of Guangi Miao (Temple of the War God) in the northeast corner of the imperial city to be cleared for the Russian inhabitants, becoming the Church of Hagia Sophia<ref>The chapel was originally named the Nikolsky Church because of a wonderworking icon Fr. Maximus brought with him. However the church was consecrated in 1698 in the name of Hagia Sophia, or Divine Wisdom.</ref>, the first Orthodox Church in China.
*1689 - [[w:Treaty of Nerchinsk|Treaty of Nerchinsk]] established Amur River as boundary between Russia and China, recognzing Russia's sovereignty over eastern Siberia.
*1698 - Consecration of the first Orthodox church, in the name of Hagia Sophia, or Divine Wisdom, in Beijing, recognized by Ignatius, [[Metropolitan]] of Tobolsk; on this auspicious occasion many Chinese received [[Baptism|Holy Baptism]], and thus the consecration of the first Orthodox Church coincided with the introduction of Orthodoxy among the Chinese.
*1712 Death of Fr. [[Maxim Leontiev]]; Emperor Kangxi gives permission for a new priest to come.

==Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China (1715-1956)==
*1715 [[Archimandrite]] [[Ilarion (Lezhaisky)]], with staff, icons, sacred vessels, and service books arrives in Beijing as head of the first Russian Orthodox Mission; [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] had initiated the practice of receiving missions of Orthodox clergy and students of about ten-years each.
*1717 Archimandrite Ilarion (Lezhaisky) reposed in Beijing.
*1724 [[w:Yongzheng Emperor|Emperor Yongcheng]] issues edict promoting Confucianism as the proper way of life, and declaring Roman Catholicism, and to some degree Buddhism and Taoism as heterodox.
*1727 The first mission is recorded in the [[w:Treaty of Kyakhta|Russo-Chinese treaty]] of 1727, in ''Article V''<ref>The fifth article of the treaty provided for four priests and six students to live in Peking until they felt like returning to Russia, at which time they would be replaced by a new contingent. The mission was to be supported in various ways by both countries. In return, it answered a mutual need for continuous contact between the capitals of St. Petersburg and Peking. (Eric Widmer. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3ZjnRS1g6zkC The Russian ecclesiastical mission in Peking during the eighteenth century]. Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1976. p.4).</ref> allowing for the legal establishment of a Russian religious institution in Beijing, as well as defining official trade ties and demarcating the border.
 
*1729 Archimandrite Antony (Platkovsky) arrives as head of the second Mission.
*1730 The mission reported that there were more than 50 baptized persons among the Chinese and Manchus, excluding women; construction of the [[w:Siberian Route|Tea Road (Siberian Route)]] begun, starting in Moscow and terminating at [[w:Kyakhta|Kyakhta]], a trading point on the border between the Russian and Qing Empires.
 
*1736 Archimandrite Ilarion (Trusov) arrives in Beijing as head of the third Mission.
*1741 Archimandrite Ilarion (Trusov) reposed in Beijing.
 
*1745 Archimandrite Gervasy (Lintsevsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the fourth Mission.
 
*1755 Archimandrite Amvrosy (Yumatov) arrives in Beijing as head of the fifth Mission.
*1771 Archimandrite Amvrosy (Yumatov) reposed in Beijing.
 
*1771 Archimandrite Nikolai (Tsvet) arrives in Beijing as head of the sixth Mission.
 
*1781 Archimandrite Ioakim (Shishkovsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the seventh Mission.
 
*1794 Archimandrite Sofrony (Gribovsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the eighth Mission.
*1796-1805 Rebellion of the [[w:White Lotus Rebellion|White Lotus Society]], a secret Taoist society that forecast the advent of ''Maitreya''.
*1806 By 1806 eight separate missions had been sent to live in the Manchu capital and the Russian establishment included buildings that housed the mission proper (''Uspeniya Presvyatoi Bogoroditsu'') or "Conception of the Holiest Mother of God", the Nikolskii church, a school of Chinese and Manchu studies, and a Manchu school of Russian studies.
 
*1807 Archimandrite [[Iakinf (Bichurin) of Beijing|Iiakinf (Bichurin)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the ninth Mission, became an imminent sinologist.
*1812 Following Napoleon's invasion of Russia, all contact between the mission and the homeland was lost, and for a time the mission members had to survive by their own efforts and small allowances from the Chinese govemment.
*1813 Rebellion of the Eight Trigrams Society (Baguajiao), a secret Taoist society closely related to the millennarian White Lotus tradition, galvanized into revolt by their belief that the millennium had arrived.
 
*1821 Archimandrite Peter (Kamensky) arrives in Beijing as head of the tenth Mission.
 
*1830 Hieromonk Veniamin (Morachevich) arrives in Beijing as head of the eleventh Mission.
*1839-42 First Opium War; Hong Kong was ceded to Great Britain from China as part of the concessions from the Opium War.
 
*1840 Archimandrite Policarp (Tugarinov) arrives in Beijing as head of the twelfth Mission.
 
*1850 Archimandrite Pallady (Kafarov) arrives in Beijing as head of the thirteenth Mission.
*1850-65 [[w:Taiping Rebellion|Taiping Rebellion]], a Christian-inspired Chinese millenarian movement, described as the most destructive civil war in the history of the world.
*1856-60 Second Opium War.
 
*1858 Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the fourteenth Mission; after the [[w:Treaties of Tianjin|Treaty of Tianjin]] the status of the mission changed in that its diplomatic activities on behalf of Russia became obsolete.
*1860 About 150 priests worked in the mission; although it is estimated that there were not more than 200 Orthodox in Beijing, including the descendants of naturalized Russians; after the [[w:Convention of Peking|Treaty of Peking]] other countries as well as Russia were allowed to open diplomatic embassies; the old Russian presence in Beijing became known as the Northern Yard (''Beiguan'' - reserved for the Russian Orthodox priests), and a Southern Yard (''Nannguan'') was established for the Ambassador, both remaining important.
*1864 Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]] completes translation of the [[New Testament]] and church services into Chinese.
 
*1865 Archimandrite Pallady (Kafarov) returns in Beijing as head of the fifteenth Mission (1865-78), translating more works into Chinese including the ''Book of Psalms'' and ''Book of Services''.
 
*1879 Archimandrite Flavian (Gorodetsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the sixteenth Mission (1879-84); he conducts services in Chinese.
*1882 Fr. [[Mitrophan Ji]] ordained, in Tokyo, Japan, as first Chinese Orthodox [[priest]] by St [[Nicholas of Japan]].
 
*1884 Archimandrite Amfilohil (Lutovinov) arrives in Beijing as head of the seventeenth Mission (1894-1896), making little progress for lack of funds and training.
*1894-95 First Sino-Japanese War.
 
*1896 Archimandrite [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figurovsky)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the eighteenth Mission (1896-1931), spearheading many modern Chinese translations of Orthodox liturgical and catechetical books, and setting a more missionary spirit, revitalizing the mission.
*1898 The modern city of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] is founded, with the start of the construction of the [[w:Chinese Eastern Railway|Chinese Eastern Railway]] by Russia, an extension of the Trans-Siberian Railway, eventually becoming a major centre of [[w:White movement|White Russian]] émigrés; 200th anniversary of the consecration of the first Orthodox church in China.
*1900 Yihetuan (Boxer) revolt, an anti-Western and anti-missionary uprising in China, results in destruction of Orthodox Mission and death of [[Martyrs of China|222 Chinese Orthodox martyrs]]; the Guan Miao area where the Albazine community lived was laid to rubble, including destruction of its famous library.
*1902 Archimandrite [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figurovsky)]] consecrated Bishop in Russia and returned as first bishop in China.
*1903 Orthodox communities in [[w:Manchuria|Manchuria]] (Harbin) placed under Bp. Innocent, Bishop of Beijing; church of the [http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/churchofmartyrs_en.htm All Holy Martyrs of the Yihetuan Uprising] is built on the grounds of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing where many of the [[Martyrs of China|222 martyrs]] were slain (later destroyed in 1957 by the Soviets).
*1907 [[St. Sophia Cathedral (Harbin, China)|St. Sophia Cathedral]] is built in Harbin City.
*'''1912''' The [[w:Republic of China|Republic of China]] was established on [[January 1]], 1912, after over two thousand years of imperial rule.
*1910 Chinese Prayer book is compiled by Bishop [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innokenty (Figurovsky)]] of Beiguan, Beijing.
*1916 There were 32 Orthodox mission churches in various provinces with 5,587 Orthodox Chinese adherents, with a thriving and expanding mission; within twenty years that number was estimated at 10,000<ref>Stephen Uhalley and Xiaoxin Wu. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future]. M.E. Sharpe, 2001. p.22</ref>; the church also ran schools and orphanages.
*'''1917''' The [[w:Russian Revolution (1917)|Russian Revolution]] separated the Orthodox Church of China from its traditional support base in Russia, and the Chinese church had to fend for itself; the numbers of Orthodox faithful in China swelled in the wake of the Russian revolution, when anti-Bolshevik Russian emigres ([[w:White émigré|White émigrés]]) poured across the border into China, forming colonies in Harbin, Shanghai and Beijing; Harbin held the largest Russian population outside of the state of Russia.
*1922 Orthodox bishops in China came under the jurisdiction of the Synod of Russian Bishops Outside Russia [[ROCOR]] (1922-1945); [[Diocese of Harbin]], under [[ROCOR]], formed; St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]], Bishop of Hankou (1922-1925); [[w:Church of the Intercession in Harbin| Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church]] is founded in Harbin City.
*1927-1950 [[w:Chinese Civil War|Chinese Civil War]] ''(Nationalist-Communist Civil War).''
*ca.1930 There were more than 50,000 Orthodox in China, mostly Russians; Dioceses were established in Shanghai and Tianjin, in addition to Harbin and Beijing.
*1930 [[w:Church of the Intercession in Harbin| Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church]] in Harbin City is rebuilt of brick.
*1931-45 Japanese-dominated state of Manchukuo ("State of Manchuria") is formed by former Qing Dynasty officials with help from Imperial Japan.
 
*1931 Archbishop [[Simon (Vinogradov) of Beijing|Simon (Vinogradov)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the nineteenth Mission (1931-1933).
 
*1933 Bishop [[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the twentieth and last Mission (1933-1956).
*1934 [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/shanghai/cathedral_en.htm Shanghai cathedral] (''Cathedral of the "Surety of Sinners", or "Intercessions of Sinners"'') is completed, as the newly consecrated Bishop [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] arrives from Serbia.
*1934-46 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]], Bishop of Shanghai.
*1937-41 Second Sino-Japanese War.
*1945 [[Diocese]] of Harbin subordinated under Moscow Patriarchate after arrival of Soviet Army; short occupation of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] by the Soviet Army from August 1945 to April 1946, resulting in thousands of [[w:Harbin Russians|Russian emigres]] being forcibly removed to the Soviet Union; the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] resumed jurisdiction over the episcopate in China from [[ROCOR]].
*1946 ROCOR elevated [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] to Archbishop; since ROCOR and the MP were not in communion at this time, Abp. John (Maximovitch) was [http://saintjohnwonderworker.org/letters.htm Archbishop not only of Shanghai, but of all China] for the White Russian immigrants; Harbin and East Asia Diocese is transformed into the East Asia Exarchate, by Patriarchal Edict 664 of 11 June 1946.
*1946-49 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]], Archbishop of Shanghai and over all the Russian faithful in China.
*1948 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] blessed a revised edition of the 1910 Chinese prayer book of Bishop [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innokenty (Figurovsky)]], with more catechetical material.
*'''1949''' Establishment of the [[w:People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] in mainland China, by the victorious Communists, who end all Chrisitan missionary work; by this time 106 Orthodox churches had been opened in China, with the parishioners generally being Russian refugees, and the native Chinese element constituting at least 10,000 faithful; until 1949 there were more than 15 Russian Orthodox churches and two cemeteries in [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] alone; treaties were signed between the Soviet and Chinese governments that provided for the turning over of Russian churches to Chinese control; most of the Russians left for Australia, the United States and other places.
*1950 [[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]] consecrated Bishop of Tianjin in July, becoming the first Chinese Orthodox [[bishop]]. Later, in September, he was transferred to be Bishop of Shanghai (1950-1965).
*1954 East Asia Exarchate (''Diocese of Harbin'') abolished.
*1956 Archbishop [[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]], the last Russian bishop and leader of the 20th Spiritual Mission, returned to the Soviet Union, following agreements reached between Nikita Khruschev and Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), drawing to a close a variegated chapter in the history of Orthodoxy in China.

==Autonomy and Decline (1956-1984)==
*1956 - [[Church of China]] under Chinese administration is established under pressure from the Chinese authorities; all non-Chinese clergy leave China; on the orders of then-Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev, the Soviet Embassy took over the territory of the Russian Orthodox mission and tore down the church.
*1957 - [[Holy Synod]] of the [[Church of Russia]] granted autonomy to the [[Church of China]]; [[Vasily (Shuan) of Beijing|Vasily (Shuan)]] consecrated Bishop of Beijing.
*1962 - Bp. Vasily reposed. No successor seated as Bishop of Beijing due to Chinese government constraints.
*1965 - Bp. [[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]] reposed, leaving the Chinese Church without any bishops.
*1966 The [[w:Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]] (1966-1976) almost totally destroyed the young [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Church]], with some clergymen being persecuted and exiled, others tortured, churches being closed, their property confiscated, and religious activity forbidden or driven underground.
*1978 The ''Constitution of the People's Republic of China'' guaranteed "freedom of religion" with a number of restrictions; the five recognized religions by the state include Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism<ref>While the Roman Catholic Church is officially banned in the country, the Chinese government demands that all Chinese "Catholics" must be loyal to the State, and that worship must legally be conducted through State-approved churches belonging to the "[[w:Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association|Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association]]", established in 1957 by the People's Republic of China's Religious Affairs Bureau to exercise state supervision over mainland China's Catholics.</ref><ref>According to 2003 estimated statistics of the Chinese Catholic Church by ''China Bridge: Observations on China from the Holy Spirit Study Centre'', the Church in China has 12 million Roman Catholics, 138 dioceses, 74 bishops in the official (state) Church, and 46 bishops in the unofficial (Papal) Church. The same report also says that there are 1,740 priests in the official Church and 1,000 in the unofficial Church, as well as 3,500 sisters in the official Church and 1,700 sisters in the unofficial Church.</ref> and Protestantism;<ref>In ''"Onward, Christian Soldiers,"'' an article appearing in the May 10, 2004 issue of '''Newsweek''' magazine, Chinese academics say China now has at least 45 million Christians, most of whom are Protestants. However, Western researchers put the number closer to 90 million. The article notes that there are about 6 million members of the official, government-recognized Roman Catholic Church. China's overall population is about 1.3 billion.(Newsweek)</ref> (Orthodoxy not registered as of yet<ref>The officially declared reason for the government's non-recognition of The Orthodox Church is the government's fear that external political forces from outside nations — in this case, primarily Russia — could achieve influence within China. This places the Church to the legal status of ''religia-illicitata''. ([http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Chinese_Orthodox_Church/id/1966122 Encyclopedia - Chinese Orthodox Church], at Global Oneness).</ref>).

==Revival of the Church (1984-Present)==
*1984 [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/harbin/pokrov_en.htm Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church] of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] is reopened, with a few Russian refugees and the Orthodox Chinese being allowed to pray there in 1986; at this time it is the only Orthodox church in the territory of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) where services have been going on; the resident priest Fr. Grigori Zhu (+2000) attended to the parish consisting of 144 souls ranging in age from 68 to 92.
*1986 About 3,000 Orthodox Christians living in the predominantly Muslim autonomous area of [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] were allowed to reconstruct their [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/xinjiang/urumqi_en.htm church of St Nicholas] in [[w:Ürümqi|Urumqi]], but with no priest present the community could only meet to pray.
*1989 [[w:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|Tiananmen Square protests]] occurred in a year that saw the [[w:Revolutions of 1989|collapse of a number of communist governments]] around the world, culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (''June Fourth Incident'').
*1993 A delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church including Kirill the Metropolitan of Smolensk and Kaliningrad visited China.
*1996 [[Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]] (OMHKSEA) founded, with its status recognised by the city's parliament, and the church operating freely in Hong Kong and Taiwan; Metr. [[Nikitas (Lulias) of Dardanellia]] becomes first Metropolitan of Diocese of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia (1996-2007).
*1997 On the occasion of 40th year anniversary of the autonomy of the Orthodox Church in China, the Holy Synod of the ROC met on February 17 1997, deciding to take care of the Orthodox faithfull in China under the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, until a Head of the OCC can be elected; in Harbin, the beautiful [[St. Sophia Cathedral (Harbin, China)|St. Sophia Cathedral]] was renovated and opened as a museum; Hong Kong returned to Chinese control by the British in July.
*1998 300th anniversary of the consecration of the first Orthodox church in China.
*1999 The ''Russian-Chinese Orthodox Missionary Society'' is founded in Sydney, Australia, under ROCOR, with the aim of spiritual enlightenment of the Chinese speaking population of the country.
*2000 Death of Fr. Grigory Zhu in September, leaving the [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/harbin/pokrov_en.htm Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church] in [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] without a priest; Archimandrite Fr. [[Jonah (Mourtos) of Taipei|Jonah (Mourtos)]] arrived in Taiwan in September to lead the mission of the church there, having spent seventeen years as a monk on [[Mount Athos]]; [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/xinjiang/yiningnikolai_en.htm St Nicholas Church] rebuilt by local government in Ghulja (Yining), Xinjiang; according to the 2000 census, 30,505 [[w:Evenks|Evenks]] were counted in China, a nominally Orthodox Christian ethnic group (self-identified Orthodox minority in China), living in the [[w:Hulunbuir|Hulunbuir]] region in the north.
*2003 Death of Fr. [[Alexander (Du Lifu)|Alexander Du Lifu]] in December, the last remaining Orthodox priest in Beijing, who died without realising his dream of reopening a church in Beijing.
*2004 Attempts are made to grow the church through cyberspace, as Mitrophan Chin, a young Chinese-American who converted to the Orthodox religion, volunteers as the webmaster for [http://www.orthodox.cn/index_en.html www.orthodox.cn]; the Chinese government allowed a hieromonk from Russia to visit the Pokrov Church in Harbin to hear confessions in both Russian and Chinese in July; in August a Russian Orthodox Church delegation led by Bishop Mark of Egorevsk [http://www.orthodox.cn/news/040826beijing_en.htm met with Chinese officials] and representatives of the country's various religious organizations; ''Brotherhood of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul'' parish is established in Hong Kong under Fr Dionisy Pozdnyaev, dedicated to assist the revival of the Chinese Autonomous Orthodox Church.
*2005 As of 2005 there were only five priests, a number expected to grow because several Chinese nationals are currently studying in Orthodox seminaries with the intention of returning to China to serve as priests (depending on the blessing of the Chinese government).
*2006 Currently there are around 13,000 Orthodox Christians in China (''according to the External Church Relations Department of the Moscow Patriarchate''), with an estimated 400 residing in the capital Beijing, but they are not recognized as an official religious community;<ref>AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6625 Russian Orthodox church to be set up in Beijing shortly]. ''AsiaNews.it'', July 06, 2006.</ref> 13 Chinese Orthodox students are undergoing studies at the ''Sretenskaya Theological Academy'' in Moscow and the ''Academy of St Petersburg'', to pave the way for a minimal presence of clergy in China; the Russian Orthodox Church did its utmost through president Vladimir Putin, to gain recognition of Orthodoxy in China before the 2008 Olympics in Beijing; Publication of first Orthodox prayer book in both Chinese and Russian, following the editions of 1948 and 1910; the ''Orthodox Fellowship of All Saints of China'' (OFASC) is launched in the US, with the strategic vision of producing easy-to-read and accurate modern Chinese translations of important Orthodox texts.
*2007 50th anniversary of the autonomy of the Orthodox Church in China; the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] decided to open a department concerned with the [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Autonomous Church]] (COAC), stressing the need to continue efforts taken by its ''Department for External Church Relations'' in the dialogue with the Chinese authorities to normalize the situation of the Orthodox Church in China; Easter liturgies were offered in Russia’s diplomatic missions in China, with over 300 walking in an Easter procession in the Russian Embassy in Beijing, and 120 more attending the Easter liturgy in the Russian Consulate General in Shanghai; the Municipal Housing Bureau of Shanghai mandated the restoration of the [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/shanghai/cathedral_en.htm Shanghai Cathedral] to prepare it as a historical museum; death of Protopresbyter [[Elias Wen]].
*2008 Metr. [[Nektarios (Tsilis) of Hong Kong|Nektarios (Tsilis)]] becomes new Orthodox Bishop of Diocese of Hong Kong; Holy Synod of the [[Church of Ukraine|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] glorifies Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]].
*2009 Archpriest [[Georges Florovsky|Georges Florovsky's]] book ''"Christianity and Culture"'' is published in the Chinese language.

==Notes==
*Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
*The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
*This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the [[Orthodox Church]], though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

===Presence of Orthodox Communities in China===
'''Historically'''
:* Its first communities were made up of Russian immigrants concentrated in the north of the country in '''[[w:Albazin|Albazin]]''' (near the town of [[w:Skovorodino|Skovorodino]], in Russia's [[w:Amur Oblast|Amur Oblast]] region.
:* A group of Albazin Russians were re-settled in '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]]''' by Chinese, setting up the Russian Mission (1715-1956).
:* Dioceses were later established in '''[[w:Shanghai|Shanghai]]''' and '''[[w:Tianjin|Tianjin]]''', in addition to those in '''[[w:Harbin|Harbin]]''' and '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]]'''.

'''Currently'''
:* In addition to '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]],''' where there are about 400 faithful, most believers live in four main locations, still mainly of Russian origin:
:# '''[[w:Harbin|Harbin]]''' in [[w:Heilongjiang|Heilongjiang]] Province, where there is a parish dedicated to the Protective Mantle of the Mother of God.
:# '''Ergun''' (''Labdarin'') in [[w:Hulunbuir|Hulunbuir]] Province, (Outer Mongolia).
:# '''Kulj''' (''Kulj-i''), in [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] Province, of north west China (in the [[w:Tacheng Prefecture|Tacheng Prefecture]]).
:# '''[[w:Ürümqi|Urumqi]]''', in [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] Province, of north west China.<ref>AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=8981 Aleksej II criticises China, Taiwan accepts to open a church]. ''AsiaNews.it'', April 12, 2007.</ref>

===Qing Dynasty Emperors (1644-1912)===
*1644-1661 [[w:Shunzhi Emperor|Shunzhi]].
*1661-1722 [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Kangxi]].
*1722-1735 [[w:Yongzheng Emperor|Yongzheng]].
*1736-1796 [[w:Qianlong Emperor|Qianlong]].
*1796-1820 [[w:Jiaqing Emperor|Jiaqing]].
*1820-1850 [[w:Daoguang Emperor|Daoguang]].
*1850-1861 [[w:Xianfeng Emperor|Xianfeng]].
*1861-1875 [[w:Tongzhi Emperor|Tongzhi]].
*1875-1908 [[w:Guangxu Emperor|Guangxu]].
*1908-1912 [[w:Puyi|Xuantong]].

==See also==
* [[Church of China]]
* [[Russian Orthodox Mission in China]]
* [[Holy Martyrs of China]]
* [[Timeline of Church History]]

==External Links==
* [http://www.chinese.orthodoxy.ru/english/chinaE.htm Orthodoxy In China] ''(Official page of the Group for Study of Orthodoxy in China, organized by Department for External Church Relations of Moscow Patriarchate (DECR MP))''
* [http://www.omhksea.org Ecumenical Patriarchate: Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.]
* [http://www.orthodox.cn/index_en.html Orthodoxy In China] ''(Mitrophan Chin's website)''
* [http://www.tour-beijing.com/include/shownews.php?news_id=1804 The Russian Embassy - Beijing Travel]. tour-beijing.com
* [http://www.iscs.org.hk/Common/Reader/Channel/ShowPage.jsp?Cid=4&Pid=2&Version=0&Charset=iso-8859-1&page=0 Institute of Sino-Christian Studies] in Hong Kong.
'''Wikipedia'''
:'''Origins in Albazin (Post-1685)'''
:* [[w:Albazinians|Albazinians]]
:* [[w:Russian–Manchu border conflicts|Russian–Manchu border conflicts]]
:'''Russian Emigration to China (Post-1897)'''
:* [[w:Harbin Russians|Harbin Russians]]
:* [[w:Russians in China|Russians in China]]
:* [[w:Chinese Eastern Railway|Chinese Eastern Railway]]
:'''Russian Emigrees from Communism (Post-1917)'''
:* [[w:White émigré|White émigré]]
:'''Roman Catholic Missions'''
:* [[w:Roman Catholicism in China|Roman Catholicism in China]]
:* [[w:Jesuit China missions|Jesuit China missions]]
:* [[w:List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China|List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China]]
:'''Protestant Missions'''
:* [[w:Protestant missions in China 1807-1953|Protestant missions in China 1807-1953]]
:* [[w:List of Protestant missionaries in China|List of Protestant missionaries in China]]
:'''General'''
:* [[w:Christianity in China|Christianity in China]]
:* [[w:Religion in China|Religion in China]]
:* [[w:Timeline of Chinese history|Timeline of Chinese History]]

==Further Reading==
* Dina V. Doubrovskaia. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=%22Sophia%22+AND+%22Nikolskii+church%22&source=bl&ots=psj3iv2BZA&sig=RPrM4cmayYM7JPJPckaSbXiXYxE&hl=en&ei=lMXzSaTGFI-eMp3Hka4P&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#PPA163,M1 The Russian Orthodox Church in China]''. In: Stephen Uhalley and Xiaoxin Wu, '''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future]'''. M.E. Sharpe, 2001. 499 pp. (pp.163-176). (ISBN 0765606615; ISBN 9780765606617)
* Dr. Kevin Baker. [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6574&pc=9 A History of the Orthodox Church in China, Korea and Japan]. The Edwin Mellen Press, 2006. 288 pp. (ISBN 0-7734-5886-7; ISBN 978-0-7734-5886-4)
* Eric Widmer. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3ZjnRS1g6zkC The Russian ecclesiastical mission in Peking during the eighteenth century]. Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1976. 262 pp. (ISBN 0674781295; ISBN 9780674781290)
* Martha Avery. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=BMftUQCm5_IC The Tea Road: China and Russia meet across the Steppe]. China Intercontinental Press, 2003. 198 pp. (ISBN 7508503805; ISBN 9787508503806)
'''Articles'''
* Antoaneta Bezlova. [http://www.atimes.com/china/DA12Ad01.html Old time religion struggles to survive]. ''Asia Times'', January 12, 2002.
* AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6625 Russian Orthodox church to be set up in Beijing shortly]. ''AsiaNews.it'', July 06, 2006.
* Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America. [http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/zjxy/t36492.htm White Paper--Freedom of Religious Belief in China]. Beijing, October, 1997.
* Paul Mooney (Beijing). [http://www.pjmooney.com/scmp-orthodox.html Keeping the Faith]. ''South China Morning Post'', March 28, 2005.
* Religioscope. [http://www.religion.info/english/interviews/article_111.shtml Toward a rebirth of the Orthodox Church in China - Interview with Mitrophan Chin]. ''Religioscope'', 23 Oct 2004.
* Sarah Schafer. [http://www.newsweek.com/id/105278 Onward, Christian Soldiers: Chinese Missionaries Are Winning Souls Across The Middle Kingdom - And Plan To Spread Even Farther]. NEWSWEEK, May 10, 2004.

==References==
<div class="small"><references/></div>

[[Category: Church History]]
[[Category: Timelines]]
[[Category: Orthodoxy in China]]
[[Category: Missionaries]]

Timeline of Orthodoxy in China

2009-05-01T23:55:50Z

Stmitrophan: /* Revival of the Church (1984-Present) */

The '''History of Orthodoxy in China''' is recent when compared to that of the Orthodox Church as a whole. While there is archaeological evidence of Christianity reaching western China in the seventh and eighth centuries in the form of the heretical [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] form, and even earlier speculative evidence to as early as the first to third centuries, historically the beginnings of Orthodox Christianity in China is traced from the seventeenth century.

==From Albazin to Beijing (1651-1715)==
*1644-1912 [[w:Qing Dynasty|Qing (Manchu) Dynasty]], the last ruling dynasty of China.
*1651 - Russian Cossack [[w:Yerofey Khabarov|Erofey (Geoffery) Khabarov]] founded the fort/town of [[w:Albazin|Albazin]] on the Amur River.
*1665 - Church of the Resurrection and monastery founded in Albazin (Russian fort/town).
*1685 - Chinese capture Albazin, razing Church of the Resurrection; Group of Albazin Russians, including [[Priest]] [[Maxim Leontiev]], are re-settled to Beijing by Chinese; Qing Dynasty [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] (1661-1722) ordered the Buddhist temple of Guangi Miao (Temple of the War God) in the northeast corner of the imperial city to be cleared for the Russian inhabitants, becoming the Church of Hagia Sophia<ref>The chapel was originally named the Nikolsky Church because of a wonderworking icon Fr. Maximus brought with him. However the church was consecrated in 1698 in the name of Hagia Sophia, or Divine Wisdom.</ref>, the first Orthodox Church in China.
*1689 - [[w:Treaty of Nerchinsk|Treaty of Nerchinsk]] established Amur River as boundary between Russia and China, recognzing Russia's sovereignty over eastern Siberia.
*1698 - Consecration of the first Orthodox church, in the name of Hagia Sophia, or Divine Wisdom, in Beijing, recognized by Ignatius, [[Metropolitan]] of Tobolsk; on this auspicious occasion many Chinese received [[Baptism|Holy Baptism]], and thus the consecration of the first Orthodox Church coincided with the introduction of Orthodoxy among the Chinese.
*1712 Death of Fr. [[Maxim Leontiev]]; Emperor Kangxi gives permission for a new priest to come.

==Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China (1715-1956)==
*1715 [[Archimandrite]] [[Ilarion (Lezhaisky)]], with staff, icons, sacred vessels, and service books arrives in Beijing as head of the first Russian Orthodox Mission; [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] had initiated the practice of receiving missions of Orthodox clergy and students of about ten-years each.
*1717 Archimandrite Ilarion (Lezhaisky) reposed in Beijing.
*1724 [[w:Yongzheng Emperor|Emperor Yongcheng]] issues edict promoting Confucianism as the proper way of life, and declaring Roman Catholicism, and to some degree Buddhism and Taoism as heterodox.
*1727 The first mission is recorded in the [[w:Treaty of Kyakhta|Russo-Chinese treaty]] of 1727, in ''Article V''<ref>The fifth article of the treaty provided for four priests and six students to live in Peking until they felt like returning to Russia, at which time they would be replaced by a new contingent. The mission was to be supported in various ways by both countries. In return, it answered a mutual need for continuous contact between the capitals of St. Petersburg and Peking. (Eric Widmer. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3ZjnRS1g6zkC The Russian ecclesiastical mission in Peking during the eighteenth century]. Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1976. p.4).</ref> allowing for the legal establishment of a Russian religious institution in Beijing, as well as defining official trade ties and demarcating the border.
 
*1729 Archimandrite Antony (Platkovsky) arrives as head of the second Mission.
*1730 The mission reported that there were more than 50 baptized persons among the Chinese and Manchus, excluding women; construction of the [[w:Siberian Route|Tea Road (Siberian Route)]] begun, starting in Moscow and terminating at [[w:Kyakhta|Kyakhta]], a trading point on the border between the Russian and Qing Empires.
 
*1736 Archimandrite Ilarion (Trusov) arrives in Beijing as head of the third Mission.
*1741 Archimandrite Ilarion (Trusov) reposed in Beijing.
 
*1745 Archimandrite Gervasy (Lintsevsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the fourth Mission.
 
*1755 Archimandrite Amvrosy (Yumatov) arrives in Beijing as head of the fifth Mission.
*1771 Archimandrite Amvrosy (Yumatov) reposed in Beijing.
 
*1771 Archimandrite Nikolai (Tsvet) arrives in Beijing as head of the sixth Mission.
 
*1781 Archimandrite Ioakim (Shishkovsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the seventh Mission.
 
*1794 Archimandrite Sofrony (Gribovsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the eighth Mission.
*1796-1805 Rebellion of the [[w:White Lotus Rebellion|White Lotus Society]], a secret Taoist society that forecast the advent of ''Maitreya''.
*1806 By 1806 eight separate missions had been sent to live in the Manchu capital and the Russian establishment included buildings that housed the mission proper (''Uspeniya Presvyatoi Bogoroditsu'') or "Conception of the Holiest Mother of God", the Nikolskii church, a school of Chinese and Manchu studies, and a Manchu school of Russian studies.
 
*1807 Archimandrite [[Iakinf (Bichurin) of Beijing|Iiakinf (Bichurin)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the ninth Mission, became an imminent sinologist.
*1812 Following Napoleon's invasion of Russia, all contact between the mission and the homeland was lost, and for a time the mission members had to survive by their own efforts and small allowances from the Chinese govemment.
*1813 Rebellion of the Eight Trigrams Society (Baguajiao), a secret Taoist society closely related to the millennarian White Lotus tradition, galvanized into revolt by their belief that the millennium had arrived.
 
*1821 Archimandrite Peter (Kamensky) arrives in Beijing as head of the tenth Mission.
 
*1830 Hieromonk Veniamin (Morachevich) arrives in Beijing as head of the eleventh Mission.
*1839-42 First Opium War; Hong Kong was ceded to Great Britain from China as part of the concessions from the Opium War.
 
*1840 Archimandrite Policarp (Tugarinov) arrives in Beijing as head of the twelfth Mission.
 
*1850 Archimandrite Pallady (Kafarov) arrives in Beijing as head of the thirteenth Mission.
*1850-65 [[w:Taiping Rebellion|Taiping Rebellion]], a Christian-inspired Chinese millenarian movement, described as the most destructive civil war in the history of the world.
*1856-60 Second Opium War.
 
*1858 Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the fourteenth Mission; after the [[w:Treaties of Tianjin|Treaty of Tianjin]] the status of the mission changed in that its diplomatic activities on behalf of Russia became obsolete.
*1860 About 150 priests worked in the mission; although it is estimated that there were not more than 200 Orthodox in Beijing, including the descendants of naturalized Russians; after the [[w:Convention of Peking|Treaty of Peking]] other countries as well as Russia were allowed to open diplomatic embassies; the old Russian presence in Beijing became known as the Northern Yard (''Beiguan'' - reserved for the Russian Orthodox priests), and a Southern Yard (''Nannguan'') was established for the Ambassador, both remaining important.
*1864 Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]] completes translation of the [[New Testament]] and church services into Chinese.
 
*1865 Archimandrite Pallady (Kafarov) returns in Beijing as head of the fifteenth Mission (1865-78), translating more works into Chinese including the ''Book of Psalms'' and ''Book of Services''.
 
*1879 Archimandrite Flavian (Gorodetsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the sixteenth Mission (1879-84); he conducts services in Chinese.
*1882 Fr. [[Mitrophan Ji]] ordained, in Tokyo, Japan, as first Chinese Orthodox [[priest]] by St [[Nicholas of Japan]].
 
*1884 Archimandrite Amfilohil (Lutovinov) arrives in Beijing as head of the seventeenth Mission (1894-1896), making little progress for lack of funds and training.
*1894-95 First Sino-Japanese War.
 
*1896 Archimandrite [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figurovsky)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the eighteenth Mission (1896-1931), spearheading many modern Chinese translations of Orthodox liturgical and catechetical books, and setting a more missionary spirit, revitalizing the mission.
*1898 The modern city of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] is founded, with the start of the construction of the [[w:Chinese Eastern Railway|Chinese Eastern Railway]] by Russia, an extension of the Trans-Siberian Railway, eventually becoming a major centre of [[w:White movement|White Russian]] émigrés; 200th anniversary of the consecration of the first Orthodox church in China.
*1900 Yihetuan (Boxer) revolt, an anti-Western and anti-missionary uprising in China, results in destruction of Orthodox Mission and death of [[Martyrs of China|222 Chinese Orthodox martyrs]]; the Guan Miao area where the Albazine community lived was laid to rubble, including destruction of its famous library.
*1902 Archimandrite [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figurovsky)]] consecrated Bishop in Russia and returned as first bishop in China.
*1903 Orthodox communities in [[w:Manchuria|Manchuria]] (Harbin) placed under Bp. Innocent, Bishop of Beijing; church of the [http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/churchofmartyrs_en.htm All Holy Martyrs of the Yihetuan Uprising] is built on the grounds of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing where many of the [[Martyrs of China|222 martyrs]] were slain (later destroyed in 1957 by the Soviets).
*1907 [[St. Sophia Cathedral (Harbin, China)|St. Sophia Cathedral]] is built in Harbin City.
*'''1912''' The [[w:Republic of China|Republic of China]] was established on [[January 1]], 1912, after over two thousand years of imperial rule.
*1910 Chinese Prayer book is compiled by Bishop [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innokenty (Figurovsky)]] of Beiguan, Beijing.
*1916 There were 32 Orthodox mission churches in various provinces with 5,587 Orthodox Chinese adherents, with a thriving and expanding mission; within twenty years that number was estimated at 10,000<ref>Stephen Uhalley and Xiaoxin Wu. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future]. M.E. Sharpe, 2001. p.22</ref>; the church also ran schools and orphanages.
*'''1917''' The [[w:Russian Revolution (1917)|Russian Revolution]] separated the Orthodox Church of China from its traditional support base in Russia, and the Chinese church had to fend for itself; the numbers of Orthodox faithful in China swelled in the wake of the Russian revolution, when anti-Bolshevik Russian emigres ([[w:White émigré|White émigrés]]) poured across the border into China, forming colonies in Harbin, Shanghai and Beijing; Harbin held the largest Russian population outside of the state of Russia.
*1922 Orthodox bishops in China came under the jurisdiction of the Synod of Russian Bishops Outside Russia [[ROCOR]] (1922-1945); [[Diocese of Harbin]], under [[ROCOR]], formed; St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]], Bishop of Hankou (1922-1925); [[w:Church of the Intercession in Harbin| Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church]] is founded in Harbin City.
*1927-1950 [[w:Chinese Civil War|Chinese Civil War]] ''(Nationalist-Communist Civil War).''
*ca.1930 There were more than 50,000 Orthodox in China, mostly Russians; Dioceses were established in Shanghai and Tianjin, in addition to Harbin and Beijing.
*1930 [[w:Church of the Intercession in Harbin| Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church]] in Harbin City is rebuilt of brick.
*1931-45 Japanese-dominated state of Manchukuo ("State of Manchuria") is formed by former Qing Dynasty officials with help from Imperial Japan.
 
*1931 Archbishop [[Simon (Vinogradov) of Beijing|Simon (Vinogradov)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the nineteenth Mission (1931-1933).
 
*1933 Bishop [[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the twentieth and last Mission (1933-1956).
*1934 [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/shanghai/cathedral_en.htm Shanghai cathedral] (''Cathedral of the "Surety of Sinners", or "Intercessions of Sinners"'') is completed, as the newly consecrated Bishop [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] arrives from Serbia.
*1934-46 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]], Bishop of Shanghai.
*1937-41 Second Sino-Japanese War.
*1945 [[Diocese]] of Harbin subordinated under Moscow Patriarchate after arrival of Soviet Army; short occupation of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] by the Soviet Army from August 1945 to April 1946, resulting in thousands of [[w:Harbin Russians|Russian emigres]] being forcibly removed to the Soviet Union; the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] resumed jurisdiction over the episcopate in China from [[ROCOR]].
*1946 ROCOR elevated [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] to Archbishop; since ROCOR and the MP were not in communion at this time, Abp. John (Maximovitch) was [http://saintjohnwonderworker.org/letters.htm Archbishop not only of Shanghai, but of all China] for the White Russian immigrants; Harbin and East Asia Diocese is transformed into the East Asia Exarchate, by Patriarchal Edict 664 of 11 June 1946.
*1946-49 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]], Archbishop of Shanghai and over all the Russian faithful in China.
*1948 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] blessed a revised edition of the 1910 Chinese prayer book of Bishop [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innokenty (Figurovsky)]], with more catechetical material.
*'''1949''' Establishment of the [[w:People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] in mainland China, by the victorious Communists, who end all Chrisitan missionary work; by this time 106 Orthodox churches had been opened in China, with the parishioners generally being Russian refugees, and the native Chinese element constituting at least 10,000 faithful; until 1949 there were more than 15 Russian Orthodox churches and two cemeteries in [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] alone; treaties were signed between the Soviet and Chinese governments that provided for the turning over of Russian churches to Chinese control; most of the Russians left for Australia, the United States and other places.
*1950 [[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]] consecrated Bishop of Tianjin in July, becoming the first Chinese Orthodox [[bishop]]. Later, in September, he was transferred to be Bishop of Shanghai (1950-1965).
*1954 East Asia Exarchate (''Diocese of Harbin'') abolished.
*1956 Archbishop [[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]], the last Russian bishop and leader of the 20th Spiritual Mission, returned to the Soviet Union, following agreements reached between Nikita Khruschev and Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), drawing to a close a variegated chapter in the history of Orthodoxy in China.

==Autonomy and Decline (1956-1984)==
*1956 - [[Church of China]] under Chinese administration is established under pressure from the Chinese authorities; all non-Chinese clergy leave China; on the orders of then-Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev, the Soviet Embassy took over the territory of the Russian Orthodox mission and tore down the church.
*1957 - [[Holy Synod]] of the [[Church of Russia]] granted autonomy to the [[Church of China]]; [[Vasily (Shuan) of Beijing|Vasily (Shuan)]] consecrated Bishop of Beijing.
*1962 - Bp. Vasily reposed. No successor seated as Bishop of Beijing due to Chinese government constraints.
*1965 - Bp. [[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]] reposed, leaving the Chinese Church without any bishops.
*1966 The [[w:Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]] (1966-1976) almost totally destroyed the young [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Church]], with some clergymen being persecuted and exiled, others tortured, churches being closed, their property confiscated, and religious activity forbidden or driven underground.
*1978 The ''Constitution of the People's Republic of China'' guaranteed "freedom of religion" with a number of restrictions; the five recognized religions by the state include Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism<ref>While the Roman Catholic Church is officially banned in the country, the Chinese government demands that all Chinese "Catholics" must be loyal to the State, and that worship must legally be conducted through State-approved churches belonging to the "[[w:Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association|Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association]]", established in 1957 by the People's Republic of China's Religious Affairs Bureau to exercise state supervision over mainland China's Catholics.</ref><ref>According to 2003 estimated statistics of the Chinese Catholic Church by ''China Bridge: Observations on China from the Holy Spirit Study Centre'', the Church in China has 12 million Roman Catholics, 138 dioceses, 74 bishops in the official (state) Church, and 46 bishops in the unofficial (Papal) Church. The same report also says that there are 1,740 priests in the official Church and 1,000 in the unofficial Church, as well as 3,500 sisters in the official Church and 1,700 sisters in the unofficial Church.</ref> and Protestantism;<ref>In ''"Onward, Christian Soldiers,"'' an article appearing in the May 10, 2004 issue of '''Newsweek''' magazine, Chinese academics say China now has at least 45 million Christians, most of whom are Protestants. However, Western researchers put the number closer to 90 million. The article notes that there are about 6 million members of the official, government-recognized Roman Catholic Church. China's overall population is about 1.3 billion.(Newsweek)</ref> (Orthodoxy not registered as of yet<ref>The officially declared reason for the government's non-recognition of The Orthodox Church is the government's fear that external political forces from outside nations — in this case, primarily Russia — could achieve influence within China. This places the Church to the legal status of ''religia-illicitata''. ([http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Chinese_Orthodox_Church/id/1966122 Encyclopedia - Chinese Orthodox Church], at Global Oneness).</ref>).

==Revival of the Church (1984-Present)==
*1984 [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/harbin/pokrov_en.htm Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church] of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] is reopened, with a few Russian refugees and the Orthodox Chinese being allowed to pray there in 1986; at this time it is the only Orthodox church in the territory of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) where services have been going on; the resident priest Fr. Grigori Zhu (+2000) attended to the parish consisting of 144 souls ranging in age from 68 to 92.
*1986 About 3,000 Orthodox Christians living in the predominantly Muslim autonomous area of [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] were allowed to reconstruct their [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/xinjiang/urumqi_en.htm church of St Nicholas] in [[w:Ürümqi|Urumqi]], but with no priest present the community could only meet to pray.
*1989 [[w:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|Tiananmen Square protests]] occurred in a year that saw the [[w:Revolutions of 1989|collapse of a number of communist governments]] around the world, culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (''June Fourth Incident'').
*1993 A delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church including Kirill the Metropolitan of Smolensk and Kaliningrad visited China.
*1996 [[Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]] (OMHKSEA) founded, with its status recognised by the city's parliament, and the church operating freely in Hong Kong and Taiwan; Metr. [[Nikitas (Lulias) of Dardanellia]] becomes first Metropolitan of Diocese of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia (1996-2007).
*1997 On the occasion of 40th year anniversary of the autonomy of the Orthodox Church in China, the Holy Synod of the ROC met on February 17 1997, deciding to take care of the Orthodox faithfull in China under the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, until a Head of the OCC can be elected; in Harbin, the beautiful [[St. Sophia Cathedral (Harbin, China)|St. Sophia Cathedral]] was renovated and opened as a museum; Hong Kong returned to Chinese control by the British in July.
*1998 300th anniversary of the consecration of the first Orthodox church in China.
*1999 The ''Russian-Chinese Orthodox Missionary Society'' is founded in Sydney, Australia, under ROCOR, with the aim of spiritual enlightenment of the Chinese speaking population of the country.
*2000 Death of Fr. Grigory Zhu in September, leaving the [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/harbin/pokrov_en.htm Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church] in [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] without a priest; Archimandrite Fr. [[Jonah (Mourtos) of Taipei|Jonah (Mourtos)]] arrived in Taiwan in September to lead the mission of the church there, having spent seventeen years as a monk on [[Mount Athos]]; according to the 2000 census, 30,505 [[w:Evenks|Evenks]] were counted in China, a nominally Orthodox Christian ethnic group (self-identified Orthodox minority in China), living in the [[w:Hulunbuir|Hulunbuir]] region in the north.
*2003 Death of Fr. [[Alexander (Du Lifu)|Alexander Du Lifu]] in December, the last remaining Orthodox priest in Beijing, who died without realising his dream of reopening a church in Beijing.
*2004 Attempts are made to grow the church through cyberspace, as Mitrophan Chin, a young Chinese-American who converted to the Orthodox religion, volunteers as the webmaster for [http://www.orthodox.cn/index_en.html www.orthodox.cn]; the Chinese government allowed a hieromonk from Russia to visit the Pokrov Church in Harbin to hear confessions in both Russian and Chinese in July; in August a Russian Orthodox Church delegation led by Bishop Mark of Egorevsk [http://www.orthodox.cn/news/040826beijing_en.htm met with Chinese officials] and representatives of the country's various religious organizations; ''Brotherhood of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul'' parish is established in Hong Kong under Fr Dionisy Pozdnyaev, dedicated to assist the revival of the Chinese Autonomous Orthodox Church.
*2005 As of 2005 there were only five priests, a number expected to grow because several Chinese nationals are currently studying in Orthodox seminaries with the intention of returning to China to serve as priests (depending on the blessing of the Chinese government).
*2006 Currently there are around 13,000 Orthodox Christians in China (''according to the External Church Relations Department of the Moscow Patriarchate''), with an estimated 400 residing in the capital Beijing, but they are not recognized as an official religious community;<ref>AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6625 Russian Orthodox church to be set up in Beijing shortly]. ''AsiaNews.it'', July 06, 2006.</ref> 13 Chinese Orthodox students are undergoing studies at the ''Sretenskaya Theological Academy'' in Moscow and the ''Academy of St Petersburg'', to pave the way for a minimal presence of clergy in China; the Russian Orthodox Church did its utmost through president Vladimir Putin, to gain recognition of Orthodoxy in China before the 2008 Olympics in Beijing; Publication of first Orthodox prayer book in both Chinese and Russian, following the editions of 1948 and 1910; the ''Orthodox Fellowship of All Saints of China'' (OFASC) is launched in the US, with the strategic vision of producing easy-to-read and accurate modern Chinese translations of important Orthodox texts.
*2007 50th anniversary of the autonomy of the Orthodox Church in China; the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] decided to open a department concerned with the [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Autonomous Church]] (COAC), stressing the need to continue efforts taken by its ''Department for External Church Relations'' in the dialogue with the Chinese authorities to normalize the situation of the Orthodox Church in China; Easter liturgies were offered in Russia’s diplomatic missions in China, with over 300 walking in an Easter procession in the Russian Embassy in Beijing, and 120 more attending the Easter liturgy in the Russian Consulate General in Shanghai; the Municipal Housing Bureau of Shanghai mandated the restoration of the [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/shanghai/cathedral_en.htm Shanghai Cathedral] to prepare it as a historical museum; death of Protopresbyter [[Elias Wen]].
*2008 Metr. [[Nektarios (Tsilis) of Hong Kong|Nektarios (Tsilis)]] becomes new Orthodox Bishop of Diocese of Hong Kong; Holy Synod of the [[Church of Ukraine|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] glorifies Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]].
*2009 Archpriest [[Georges Florovsky|Georges Florovsky's]] book ''"Christianity and Culture"'' is published in the Chinese language.

==Notes==
*Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
*The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
*This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the [[Orthodox Church]], though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

===Presence of Orthodox Communities in China===
'''Historically'''
:* Its first communities were made up of Russian immigrants concentrated in the north of the country in '''[[w:Albazin|Albazin]]''' (near the town of [[w:Skovorodino|Skovorodino]], in Russia's [[w:Amur Oblast|Amur Oblast]] region.
:* A group of Albazin Russians were re-settled in '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]]''' by Chinese, setting up the Russian Mission (1715-1956).
:* Dioceses were later established in '''[[w:Shanghai|Shanghai]]''' and '''[[w:Tianjin|Tianjin]]''', in addition to those in '''[[w:Harbin|Harbin]]''' and '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]]'''.

'''Currently'''
:* In addition to '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]],''' where there are about 400 faithful, most believers live in four main locations, still mainly of Russian origin:
:# '''[[w:Harbin|Harbin]]''' in [[w:Heilongjiang|Heilongjiang]] Province, where there is a parish dedicated to the Protective Mantle of the Mother of God.
:# '''Ergun''' (''Labdarin'') in [[w:Hulunbuir|Hulunbuir]] Province, (Outer Mongolia).
:# '''Kulj''' (''Kulj-i''), in [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] Province, of north west China (in the [[w:Tacheng Prefecture|Tacheng Prefecture]]).
:# '''[[w:Ürümqi|Urumqi]]''', in [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] Province, of north west China.<ref>AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=8981 Aleksej II criticises China, Taiwan accepts to open a church]. ''AsiaNews.it'', April 12, 2007.</ref>

===Qing Dynasty Emperors (1644-1912)===
*1644-1661 [[w:Shunzhi Emperor|Shunzhi]].
*1661-1722 [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Kangxi]].
*1722-1735 [[w:Yongzheng Emperor|Yongzheng]].
*1736-1796 [[w:Qianlong Emperor|Qianlong]].
*1796-1820 [[w:Jiaqing Emperor|Jiaqing]].
*1820-1850 [[w:Daoguang Emperor|Daoguang]].
*1850-1861 [[w:Xianfeng Emperor|Xianfeng]].
*1861-1875 [[w:Tongzhi Emperor|Tongzhi]].
*1875-1908 [[w:Guangxu Emperor|Guangxu]].
*1908-1912 [[w:Puyi|Xuantong]].

==See also==
* [[Church of China]]
* [[Russian Orthodox Mission in China]]
* [[Holy Martyrs of China]]
* [[Timeline of Church History]]

==External Links==
* [http://www.chinese.orthodoxy.ru/english/chinaE.htm Orthodoxy In China] ''(Official page of the Group for Study of Orthodoxy in China, organized by Department for External Church Relations of Moscow Patriarchate (DECR MP))''
* [http://www.omhksea.org Ecumenical Patriarchate: Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.]
* [http://www.orthodox.cn/index_en.html Orthodoxy In China] ''(Mitrophan Chin's website)''
* [http://www.tour-beijing.com/include/shownews.php?news_id=1804 The Russian Embassy - Beijing Travel]. tour-beijing.com
* [http://www.iscs.org.hk/Common/Reader/Channel/ShowPage.jsp?Cid=4&Pid=2&Version=0&Charset=iso-8859-1&page=0 Institute of Sino-Christian Studies] in Hong Kong.
'''Wikipedia'''
:'''Origins in Albazin (Post-1685)'''
:* [[w:Albazinians|Albazinians]]
:* [[w:Russian–Manchu border conflicts|Russian–Manchu border conflicts]]
:'''Russian Emigration to China (Post-1897)'''
:* [[w:Harbin Russians|Harbin Russians]]
:* [[w:Russians in China|Russians in China]]
:* [[w:Chinese Eastern Railway|Chinese Eastern Railway]]
:'''Russian Emigrees from Communism (Post-1917)'''
:* [[w:White émigré|White émigré]]
:'''Roman Catholic Missions'''
:* [[w:Roman Catholicism in China|Roman Catholicism in China]]
:* [[w:Jesuit China missions|Jesuit China missions]]
:* [[w:List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China|List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China]]
:'''Protestant Missions'''
:* [[w:Protestant missions in China 1807-1953|Protestant missions in China 1807-1953]]
:* [[w:List of Protestant missionaries in China|List of Protestant missionaries in China]]
:'''General'''
:* [[w:Christianity in China|Christianity in China]]
:* [[w:Religion in China|Religion in China]]
:* [[w:Timeline of Chinese history|Timeline of Chinese History]]

==Further Reading==
* Dina V. Doubrovskaia. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=%22Sophia%22+AND+%22Nikolskii+church%22&source=bl&ots=psj3iv2BZA&sig=RPrM4cmayYM7JPJPckaSbXiXYxE&hl=en&ei=lMXzSaTGFI-eMp3Hka4P&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#PPA163,M1 The Russian Orthodox Church in China]''. In: Stephen Uhalley and Xiaoxin Wu, '''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future]'''. M.E. Sharpe, 2001. 499 pp. (pp.163-176). (ISBN 0765606615; ISBN 9780765606617)
* Dr. Kevin Baker. [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6574&pc=9 A History of the Orthodox Church in China, Korea and Japan]. The Edwin Mellen Press, 2006. 288 pp. (ISBN 0-7734-5886-7; ISBN 978-0-7734-5886-4)
* Eric Widmer. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3ZjnRS1g6zkC The Russian ecclesiastical mission in Peking during the eighteenth century]. Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1976. 262 pp. (ISBN 0674781295; ISBN 9780674781290)
* Martha Avery. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=BMftUQCm5_IC The Tea Road: China and Russia meet across the Steppe]. China Intercontinental Press, 2003. 198 pp. (ISBN 7508503805; ISBN 9787508503806)
'''Articles'''
* Antoaneta Bezlova. [http://www.atimes.com/china/DA12Ad01.html Old time religion struggles to survive]. ''Asia Times'', January 12, 2002.
* AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6625 Russian Orthodox church to be set up in Beijing shortly]. ''AsiaNews.it'', July 06, 2006.
* Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America. [http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/zjxy/t36492.htm White Paper--Freedom of Religious Belief in China]. Beijing, October, 1997.
* Paul Mooney (Beijing). [http://www.pjmooney.com/scmp-orthodox.html Keeping the Faith]. ''South China Morning Post'', March 28, 2005.
* Religioscope. [http://www.religion.info/english/interviews/article_111.shtml Toward a rebirth of the Orthodox Church in China - Interview with Mitrophan Chin]. ''Religioscope'', 23 Oct 2004.
* Sarah Schafer. [http://www.newsweek.com/id/105278 Onward, Christian Soldiers: Chinese Missionaries Are Winning Souls Across The Middle Kingdom - And Plan To Spread Even Farther]. NEWSWEEK, May 10, 2004.

==References==
<div class="small"><references/></div>

[[Category: Church History]]
[[Category: Timelines]]
[[Category: Orthodoxy in China]]
[[Category: Missionaries]]

Timeline of Orthodoxy in China

2009-05-01T23:46:19Z

Stmitrophan: /* Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China (1715-1956) */

The '''History of Orthodoxy in China''' is recent when compared to that of the Orthodox Church as a whole. While there is archaeological evidence of Christianity reaching western China in the seventh and eighth centuries in the form of the heretical [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] form, and even earlier speculative evidence to as early as the first to third centuries, historically the beginnings of Orthodox Christianity in China is traced from the seventeenth century.

==From Albazin to Beijing (1651-1715)==
*1644-1912 [[w:Qing Dynasty|Qing (Manchu) Dynasty]], the last ruling dynasty of China.
*1651 - Russian Cossack [[w:Yerofey Khabarov|Erofey (Geoffery) Khabarov]] founded the fort/town of [[w:Albazin|Albazin]] on the Amur River.
*1665 - Church of the Resurrection and monastery founded in Albazin (Russian fort/town).
*1685 - Chinese capture Albazin, razing Church of the Resurrection; Group of Albazin Russians, including [[Priest]] [[Maxim Leontiev]], are re-settled to Beijing by Chinese; Qing Dynasty [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] (1661-1722) ordered the Buddhist temple of Guangi Miao (Temple of the War God) in the northeast corner of the imperial city to be cleared for the Russian inhabitants, becoming the Church of Hagia Sophia<ref>The chapel was originally named the Nikolsky Church because of a wonderworking icon Fr. Maximus brought with him. However the church was consecrated in 1698 in the name of Hagia Sophia, or Divine Wisdom.</ref>, the first Orthodox Church in China.
*1689 - [[w:Treaty of Nerchinsk|Treaty of Nerchinsk]] established Amur River as boundary between Russia and China, recognzing Russia's sovereignty over eastern Siberia.
*1698 - Consecration of the first Orthodox church, in the name of Hagia Sophia, or Divine Wisdom, in Beijing, recognized by Ignatius, [[Metropolitan]] of Tobolsk; on this auspicious occasion many Chinese received [[Baptism|Holy Baptism]], and thus the consecration of the first Orthodox Church coincided with the introduction of Orthodoxy among the Chinese.
*1712 Death of Fr. [[Maxim Leontiev]]; Emperor Kangxi gives permission for a new priest to come.

==Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China (1715-1956)==
*1715 [[Archimandrite]] [[Ilarion (Lezhaisky)]], with staff, icons, sacred vessels, and service books arrives in Beijing as head of the first Russian Orthodox Mission; [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] had initiated the practice of receiving missions of Orthodox clergy and students of about ten-years each.
*1717 Archimandrite Ilarion (Lezhaisky) reposed in Beijing.
*1724 [[w:Yongzheng Emperor|Emperor Yongcheng]] issues edict promoting Confucianism as the proper way of life, and declaring Roman Catholicism, and to some degree Buddhism and Taoism as heterodox.
*1727 The first mission is recorded in the [[w:Treaty of Kyakhta|Russo-Chinese treaty]] of 1727, in ''Article V''<ref>The fifth article of the treaty provided for four priests and six students to live in Peking until they felt like returning to Russia, at which time they would be replaced by a new contingent. The mission was to be supported in various ways by both countries. In return, it answered a mutual need for continuous contact between the capitals of St. Petersburg and Peking. (Eric Widmer. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3ZjnRS1g6zkC The Russian ecclesiastical mission in Peking during the eighteenth century]. Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1976. p.4).</ref> allowing for the legal establishment of a Russian religious institution in Beijing, as well as defining official trade ties and demarcating the border.
 
*1729 Archimandrite Antony (Platkovsky) arrives as head of the second Mission.
*1730 The mission reported that there were more than 50 baptized persons among the Chinese and Manchus, excluding women; construction of the [[w:Siberian Route|Tea Road (Siberian Route)]] begun, starting in Moscow and terminating at [[w:Kyakhta|Kyakhta]], a trading point on the border between the Russian and Qing Empires.
 
*1736 Archimandrite Ilarion (Trusov) arrives in Beijing as head of the third Mission.
*1741 Archimandrite Ilarion (Trusov) reposed in Beijing.
 
*1745 Archimandrite Gervasy (Lintsevsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the fourth Mission.
 
*1755 Archimandrite Amvrosy (Yumatov) arrives in Beijing as head of the fifth Mission.
*1771 Archimandrite Amvrosy (Yumatov) reposed in Beijing.
 
*1771 Archimandrite Nikolai (Tsvet) arrives in Beijing as head of the sixth Mission.
 
*1781 Archimandrite Ioakim (Shishkovsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the seventh Mission.
 
*1794 Archimandrite Sofrony (Gribovsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the eighth Mission.
*1796-1805 Rebellion of the [[w:White Lotus Rebellion|White Lotus Society]], a secret Taoist society that forecast the advent of ''Maitreya''.
*1806 By 1806 eight separate missions had been sent to live in the Manchu capital and the Russian establishment included buildings that housed the mission proper (''Uspeniya Presvyatoi Bogoroditsu'') or "Conception of the Holiest Mother of God", the Nikolskii church, a school of Chinese and Manchu studies, and a Manchu school of Russian studies.
 
*1807 Archimandrite [[Iakinf (Bichurin) of Beijing|Iiakinf (Bichurin)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the ninth Mission, became an imminent sinologist.
*1812 Following Napoleon's invasion of Russia, all contact between the mission and the homeland was lost, and for a time the mission members had to survive by their own efforts and small allowances from the Chinese govemment.
*1813 Rebellion of the Eight Trigrams Society (Baguajiao), a secret Taoist society closely related to the millennarian White Lotus tradition, galvanized into revolt by their belief that the millennium had arrived.
 
*1821 Archimandrite Peter (Kamensky) arrives in Beijing as head of the tenth Mission.
 
*1830 Hieromonk Veniamin (Morachevich) arrives in Beijing as head of the eleventh Mission.
*1839-42 First Opium War; Hong Kong was ceded to Great Britain from China as part of the concessions from the Opium War.
 
*1840 Archimandrite Policarp (Tugarinov) arrives in Beijing as head of the twelfth Mission.
 
*1850 Archimandrite Pallady (Kafarov) arrives in Beijing as head of the thirteenth Mission.
*1850-65 [[w:Taiping Rebellion|Taiping Rebellion]], a Christian-inspired Chinese millenarian movement, described as the most destructive civil war in the history of the world.
*1856-60 Second Opium War.
 
*1858 Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the fourteenth Mission; after the [[w:Treaties of Tianjin|Treaty of Tianjin]] the status of the mission changed in that its diplomatic activities on behalf of Russia became obsolete.
*1860 About 150 priests worked in the mission; although it is estimated that there were not more than 200 Orthodox in Beijing, including the descendants of naturalized Russians; after the [[w:Convention of Peking|Treaty of Peking]] other countries as well as Russia were allowed to open diplomatic embassies; the old Russian presence in Beijing became known as the Northern Yard (''Beiguan'' - reserved for the Russian Orthodox priests), and a Southern Yard (''Nannguan'') was established for the Ambassador, both remaining important.
*1864 Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]] completes translation of the [[New Testament]] and church services into Chinese.
 
*1865 Archimandrite Pallady (Kafarov) returns in Beijing as head of the fifteenth Mission (1865-78), translating more works into Chinese including the ''Book of Psalms'' and ''Book of Services''.
 
*1879 Archimandrite Flavian (Gorodetsky) arrives in Beijing as head of the sixteenth Mission (1879-84); he conducts services in Chinese.
*1882 Fr. [[Mitrophan Ji]] ordained, in Tokyo, Japan, as first Chinese Orthodox [[priest]] by St [[Nicholas of Japan]].
 
*1884 Archimandrite Amfilohil (Lutovinov) arrives in Beijing as head of the seventeenth Mission (1894-1896), making little progress for lack of funds and training.
*1894-95 First Sino-Japanese War.
 
*1896 Archimandrite [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figurovsky)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the eighteenth Mission (1896-1931), spearheading many modern Chinese translations of Orthodox liturgical and catechetical books, and setting a more missionary spirit, revitalizing the mission.
*1898 The modern city of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] is founded, with the start of the construction of the [[w:Chinese Eastern Railway|Chinese Eastern Railway]] by Russia, an extension of the Trans-Siberian Railway, eventually becoming a major centre of [[w:White movement|White Russian]] émigrés; 200th anniversary of the consecration of the first Orthodox church in China.
*1900 Yihetuan (Boxer) revolt, an anti-Western and anti-missionary uprising in China, results in destruction of Orthodox Mission and death of [[Martyrs of China|222 Chinese Orthodox martyrs]]; the Guan Miao area where the Albazine community lived was laid to rubble, including destruction of its famous library.
*1902 Archimandrite [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figurovsky)]] consecrated Bishop in Russia and returned as first bishop in China.
*1903 Orthodox communities in [[w:Manchuria|Manchuria]] (Harbin) placed under Bp. Innocent, Bishop of Beijing; church of the [http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/churchofmartyrs_en.htm All Holy Martyrs of the Yihetuan Uprising] is built on the grounds of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing where many of the [[Martyrs of China|222 martyrs]] were slain (later destroyed in 1957 by the Soviets).
*1907 [[St. Sophia Cathedral (Harbin, China)|St. Sophia Cathedral]] is built in Harbin City.
*'''1912''' The [[w:Republic of China|Republic of China]] was established on [[January 1]], 1912, after over two thousand years of imperial rule.
*1910 Chinese Prayer book is compiled by Bishop [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innokenty (Figurovsky)]] of Beiguan, Beijing.
*1916 There were 32 Orthodox mission churches in various provinces with 5,587 Orthodox Chinese adherents, with a thriving and expanding mission; within twenty years that number was estimated at 10,000<ref>Stephen Uhalley and Xiaoxin Wu. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future]. M.E. Sharpe, 2001. p.22</ref>; the church also ran schools and orphanages.
*'''1917''' The [[w:Russian Revolution (1917)|Russian Revolution]] separated the Orthodox Church of China from its traditional support base in Russia, and the Chinese church had to fend for itself; the numbers of Orthodox faithful in China swelled in the wake of the Russian revolution, when anti-Bolshevik Russian emigres ([[w:White émigré|White émigrés]]) poured across the border into China, forming colonies in Harbin, Shanghai and Beijing; Harbin held the largest Russian population outside of the state of Russia.
*1922 Orthodox bishops in China came under the jurisdiction of the Synod of Russian Bishops Outside Russia [[ROCOR]] (1922-1945); [[Diocese of Harbin]], under [[ROCOR]], formed; St. [[Jonah of Manchuria]], Bishop of Hankou (1922-1925); [[w:Church of the Intercession in Harbin| Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church]] is founded in Harbin City.
*1927-1950 [[w:Chinese Civil War|Chinese Civil War]] ''(Nationalist-Communist Civil War).''
*ca.1930 There were more than 50,000 Orthodox in China, mostly Russians; Dioceses were established in Shanghai and Tianjin, in addition to Harbin and Beijing.
*1930 [[w:Church of the Intercession in Harbin| Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church]] in Harbin City is rebuilt of brick.
*1931-45 Japanese-dominated state of Manchukuo ("State of Manchuria") is formed by former Qing Dynasty officials with help from Imperial Japan.
 
*1931 Archbishop [[Simon (Vinogradov) of Beijing|Simon (Vinogradov)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the nineteenth Mission (1931-1933).
 
*1933 Bishop [[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]] arrives in Beijing as head of the twentieth and last Mission (1933-1956).
*1934 [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/shanghai/cathedral_en.htm Shanghai cathedral] (''Cathedral of the "Surety of Sinners", or "Intercessions of Sinners"'') is completed, as the newly consecrated Bishop [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] arrives from Serbia.
*1934-46 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]], Bishop of Shanghai.
*1937-41 Second Sino-Japanese War.
*1945 [[Diocese]] of Harbin subordinated under Moscow Patriarchate after arrival of Soviet Army; short occupation of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] by the Soviet Army from August 1945 to April 1946, resulting in thousands of [[w:Harbin Russians|Russian emigres]] being forcibly removed to the Soviet Union; the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] resumed jurisdiction over the episcopate in China from [[ROCOR]].
*1946 ROCOR elevated [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] to Archbishop; since ROCOR and the MP were not in communion at this time, Abp. John (Maximovitch) was [http://saintjohnwonderworker.org/letters.htm Archbishop not only of Shanghai, but of all China] for the White Russian immigrants; Harbin and East Asia Diocese is transformed into the East Asia Exarchate, by Patriarchal Edict 664 of 11 June 1946.
*1946-49 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]], Archbishop of Shanghai and over all the Russian faithful in China.
*1948 St. [[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]] blessed a revised edition of the 1910 Chinese prayer book of Bishop [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innokenty (Figurovsky)]], with more catechetical material.
*'''1949''' Establishment of the [[w:People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] in mainland China, by the victorious Communists, who end all Chrisitan missionary work; by this time 106 Orthodox churches had been opened in China, with the parishioners generally being Russian refugees, and the native Chinese element constituting at least 10,000 faithful; until 1949 there were more than 15 Russian Orthodox churches and two cemeteries in [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] alone; treaties were signed between the Soviet and Chinese governments that provided for the turning over of Russian churches to Chinese control; most of the Russians left for Australia, the United States and other places.
*1950 [[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]] consecrated Bishop of Tianjin in July, becoming the first Chinese Orthodox [[bishop]]. Later, in September, he was transferred to be Bishop of Shanghai (1950-1965).
*1954 East Asia Exarchate (''Diocese of Harbin'') abolished.
*1956 Archbishop [[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]], the last Russian bishop and leader of the 20th Spiritual Mission, returned to the Soviet Union, following agreements reached between Nikita Khruschev and Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), drawing to a close a variegated chapter in the history of Orthodoxy in China.

==Autonomy and Decline (1956-1984)==
*1956 - [[Church of China]] under Chinese administration is established under pressure from the Chinese authorities; all non-Chinese clergy leave China; on the orders of then-Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev, the Soviet Embassy took over the territory of the Russian Orthodox mission and tore down the church.
*1957 - [[Holy Synod]] of the [[Church of Russia]] granted autonomy to the [[Church of China]]; [[Vasily (Shuan) of Beijing|Vasily (Shuan)]] consecrated Bishop of Beijing.
*1962 - Bp. Vasily reposed. No successor seated as Bishop of Beijing due to Chinese government constraints.
*1965 - Bp. [[Symeon (Du) of Shanghai|Symeon (Du)]] reposed, leaving the Chinese Church without any bishops.
*1966 The [[w:Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]] (1966-1976) almost totally destroyed the young [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Church]], with some clergymen being persecuted and exiled, others tortured, churches being closed, their property confiscated, and religious activity forbidden or driven underground.
*1978 The ''Constitution of the People's Republic of China'' guaranteed "freedom of religion" with a number of restrictions; the five recognized religions by the state include Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism<ref>While the Roman Catholic Church is officially banned in the country, the Chinese government demands that all Chinese "Catholics" must be loyal to the State, and that worship must legally be conducted through State-approved churches belonging to the "[[w:Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association|Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association]]", established in 1957 by the People's Republic of China's Religious Affairs Bureau to exercise state supervision over mainland China's Catholics.</ref><ref>According to 2003 estimated statistics of the Chinese Catholic Church by ''China Bridge: Observations on China from the Holy Spirit Study Centre'', the Church in China has 12 million Roman Catholics, 138 dioceses, 74 bishops in the official (state) Church, and 46 bishops in the unofficial (Papal) Church. The same report also says that there are 1,740 priests in the official Church and 1,000 in the unofficial Church, as well as 3,500 sisters in the official Church and 1,700 sisters in the unofficial Church.</ref> and Protestantism;<ref>In ''"Onward, Christian Soldiers,"'' an article appearing in the May 10, 2004 issue of '''Newsweek''' magazine, Chinese academics say China now has at least 45 million Christians, most of whom are Protestants. However, Western researchers put the number closer to 90 million. The article notes that there are about 6 million members of the official, government-recognized Roman Catholic Church. China's overall population is about 1.3 billion.(Newsweek)</ref> (Orthodoxy not registered as of yet<ref>The officially declared reason for the government's non-recognition of The Orthodox Church is the government's fear that external political forces from outside nations — in this case, primarily Russia — could achieve influence within China. This places the Church to the legal status of ''religia-illicitata''. ([http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Chinese_Orthodox_Church/id/1966122 Encyclopedia - Chinese Orthodox Church], at Global Oneness).</ref>).

==Revival of the Church (1984-Present)==
*1984 [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/harbin/pokrov_en.htm Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church] of [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] is reopened, with a few Russian refugees and the Orthodox Chinese being allowed to pray there in 1986; at this time it is the only Orthodox church in the territory of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) where services have been going on; the resident priest Fr. Grigori Zhu (+2000) attended to the parish consisting of 144 souls ranging in age from 68 to 92.
*1986 About 3,000 Orthodox Christians living in the predominantly Muslim autonomous area of [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] were allowed to reconstruct their church in [[w:Ürümqi|Urumqi]], but with no priest present the community could only meet to pray.
*1989 [[w:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|Tiananmen Square protests]] occurred in a year that saw the [[w:Revolutions of 1989|collapse of a number of communist governments]] around the world, culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (''June Fourth Incident'').
*1993 A delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church including Kirill the Metropolitan of Smolensk and Kaliningrad visited China.
*1996 [[Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]] (OMHKSEA) founded, with its status recognised by the city's parliament, and the church operating freely in Hong Kong and Taiwan; Metr. [[Nikitas (Lulias) of Dardanellia]] becomes first Metropolitan of Diocese of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia (1996-2007).
*1997 On the occasion of 40th year anniversary of the autonomy of the Orthodox Church in China, the Holy Synod of the ROC met on February 17 1997, deciding to take care of the Orthodox faithfull in China under the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, until a Head of the OCC can be elected; in Harbin, the beautiful [[St. Sophia Cathedral (Harbin, China)|St. Sophia Cathedral]] was renovated and opened as a museum; Hong Kong returned to Chinese control by the British in July.
*1998 300th anniversary of the consecration of the first Orthodox church in China.
*1999 The ''Russian-Chinese Orthodox Missionary Society'' is founded in Sydney, Australia, under ROCOR, with the aim of spiritual enlightenment of the Chinese speaking population of the country.
*2000 Death of Fr. Grigory Zhu in September, leaving the [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/harbin/pokrov_en.htm Protection (Pokrov) of the Theotokos Church] in [[w:Harbin|Harbin]] without a priest; Archimandrite Fr. [[Jonah (Mourtos) of Taipei|Jonah (Mourtos)]] arrived in Taiwan in September to lead the mission of the church there, having spent seventeen years as a monk on [[Mount Athos]]; according to the 2000 census, 30,505 [[w:Evenks|Evenks]] were counted in China, a nominally Orthodox Christian ethnic group (self-identified Orthodox minority in China), living in the [[w:Hulunbuir|Hulunbuir]] region in the north.
*2003 Death of Fr. [[Alexander (Du Lifu)|Alexander Du Lifu]] in December, the last remaining Orthodox priest in Beijing, who died without realising his dream of reopening a church in Beijing.
*2004 Attempts are made to grow the church through cyberspace, as Mitrophan Chin, a young Chinese-American who converted to the Orthodox religion, volunteers as the webmaster for [http://www.orthodox.cn/index_en.html www.orthodox.cn]; the Chinese government allowed a hieromonk from Russia to visit the Pokrov Church in Harbin to hear confessions in both Russian and Chinese in July; in August a Russian Orthodox Church delegation led by Bishop Mark of Egorevsk [http://www.orthodox.cn/news/040826beijing_en.htm met with Chinese officials] and representatives of the country's various religious organizations; ''Brotherhood of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul'' parish is established in Hong Kong under Fr Dionisy Pozdnyaev, dedicated to assist the revival of the Chinese Autonomous Orthodox Church.
*2005 As of 2005 there were only five priests, a number expected to grow because several Chinese nationals are currently studying in Orthodox seminaries with the intention of returning to China to serve as priests (depending on the blessing of the Chinese government).
*2006 Currently there are around 13,000 Orthodox Christians in China (''according to the External Church Relations Department of the Moscow Patriarchate''), with an estimated 400 residing in the capital Beijing, but they are not recognized as an official religious community;<ref>AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6625 Russian Orthodox church to be set up in Beijing shortly]. ''AsiaNews.it'', July 06, 2006.</ref> 13 Chinese Orthodox students are undergoing studies at the ''Sretenskaya Theological Academy'' in Moscow and the ''Academy of St Petersburg'', to pave the way for a minimal presence of clergy in China; the Russian Orthodox Church did its utmost through president Vladimir Putin, to gain recognition of Orthodoxy in China before the 2008 Olympics in Beijing; Publication of first Orthodox prayer book in both Chinese and Russian, following the editions of 1948 and 1910; the ''Orthodox Fellowship of All Saints of China'' (OFASC) is launched in the US, with the strategic vision of producing easy-to-read and accurate modern Chinese translations of important Orthodox texts.
*2007 50th anniversary of the autonomy of the Orthodox Church in China; the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] decided to open a department concerned with the [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Autonomous Church]] (COAC), stressing the need to continue efforts taken by its ''Department for External Church Relations'' in the dialogue with the Chinese authorities to normalize the situation of the Orthodox Church in China; Easter liturgies were offered in Russia’s diplomatic missions in China, with over 300 walking in an Easter procession in the Russian Embassy in Beijing, and 120 more attending the Easter liturgy in the Russian Consulate General in Shanghai; the Municipal Housing Bureau of Shanghai mandated the restoration of the [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/shanghai/cathedral_en.htm Shanghai Cathedral] to prepare it as a historical museum; death of Protopresbyter [[Elias Wen]].
*2008 Metr. [[Nektarios (Tsilis) of Hong Kong|Nektarios (Tsilis)]] becomes new Orthodox Bishop of Diocese of Hong Kong; Holy Synod of the [[Church of Ukraine|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] glorifies Archimandrite [[Gury (Karpov)]].
*2009 Archpriest [[Georges Florovsky|Georges Florovsky's]] book ''"Christianity and Culture"'' is published in the Chinese language.

==Notes==
*Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
*The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
*This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the [[Orthodox Church]], though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

===Presence of Orthodox Communities in China===
'''Historically'''
:* Its first communities were made up of Russian immigrants concentrated in the north of the country in '''[[w:Albazin|Albazin]]''' (near the town of [[w:Skovorodino|Skovorodino]], in Russia's [[w:Amur Oblast|Amur Oblast]] region.
:* A group of Albazin Russians were re-settled in '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]]''' by Chinese, setting up the Russian Mission (1715-1956).
:* Dioceses were later established in '''[[w:Shanghai|Shanghai]]''' and '''[[w:Tianjin|Tianjin]]''', in addition to those in '''[[w:Harbin|Harbin]]''' and '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]]'''.

'''Currently'''
:* In addition to '''[[w:Beijing|Beijing]],''' where there are about 400 faithful, most believers live in four main locations, still mainly of Russian origin:
:# '''[[w:Harbin|Harbin]]''' in [[w:Heilongjiang|Heilongjiang]] Province, where there is a parish dedicated to the Protective Mantle of the Mother of God.
:# '''Ergun''' (''Labdarin'') in [[w:Hulunbuir|Hulunbuir]] Province, (Outer Mongolia).
:# '''Kulj''' (''Kulj-i''), in [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] Province, of north west China (in the [[w:Tacheng Prefecture|Tacheng Prefecture]]).
:# '''[[w:Ürümqi|Urumqi]]''', in [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] Province, of north west China.<ref>AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=8981 Aleksej II criticises China, Taiwan accepts to open a church]. ''AsiaNews.it'', April 12, 2007.</ref>

===Qing Dynasty Emperors (1644-1912)===
*1644-1661 [[w:Shunzhi Emperor|Shunzhi]].
*1661-1722 [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Kangxi]].
*1722-1735 [[w:Yongzheng Emperor|Yongzheng]].
*1736-1796 [[w:Qianlong Emperor|Qianlong]].
*1796-1820 [[w:Jiaqing Emperor|Jiaqing]].
*1820-1850 [[w:Daoguang Emperor|Daoguang]].
*1850-1861 [[w:Xianfeng Emperor|Xianfeng]].
*1861-1875 [[w:Tongzhi Emperor|Tongzhi]].
*1875-1908 [[w:Guangxu Emperor|Guangxu]].
*1908-1912 [[w:Puyi|Xuantong]].

==See also==
* [[Church of China]]
* [[Russian Orthodox Mission in China]]
* [[Holy Martyrs of China]]
* [[Timeline of Church History]]

==External Links==
* [http://www.chinese.orthodoxy.ru/english/chinaE.htm Orthodoxy In China] ''(Official page of the Group for Study of Orthodoxy in China, organized by Department for External Church Relations of Moscow Patriarchate (DECR MP))''
* [http://www.omhksea.org Ecumenical Patriarchate: Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.]
* [http://www.orthodox.cn/index_en.html Orthodoxy In China] ''(Mitrophan Chin's website)''
* [http://www.tour-beijing.com/include/shownews.php?news_id=1804 The Russian Embassy - Beijing Travel]. tour-beijing.com
* [http://www.iscs.org.hk/Common/Reader/Channel/ShowPage.jsp?Cid=4&Pid=2&Version=0&Charset=iso-8859-1&page=0 Institute of Sino-Christian Studies] in Hong Kong.
'''Wikipedia'''
:'''Origins in Albazin (Post-1685)'''
:* [[w:Albazinians|Albazinians]]
:* [[w:Russian–Manchu border conflicts|Russian–Manchu border conflicts]]
:'''Russian Emigration to China (Post-1897)'''
:* [[w:Harbin Russians|Harbin Russians]]
:* [[w:Russians in China|Russians in China]]
:* [[w:Chinese Eastern Railway|Chinese Eastern Railway]]
:'''Russian Emigrees from Communism (Post-1917)'''
:* [[w:White émigré|White émigré]]
:'''Roman Catholic Missions'''
:* [[w:Roman Catholicism in China|Roman Catholicism in China]]
:* [[w:Jesuit China missions|Jesuit China missions]]
:* [[w:List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China|List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China]]
:'''Protestant Missions'''
:* [[w:Protestant missions in China 1807-1953|Protestant missions in China 1807-1953]]
:* [[w:List of Protestant missionaries in China|List of Protestant missionaries in China]]
:'''General'''
:* [[w:Christianity in China|Christianity in China]]
:* [[w:Religion in China|Religion in China]]
:* [[w:Timeline of Chinese history|Timeline of Chinese History]]

==Further Reading==
* Dina V. Doubrovskaia. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=%22Sophia%22+AND+%22Nikolskii+church%22&source=bl&ots=psj3iv2BZA&sig=RPrM4cmayYM7JPJPckaSbXiXYxE&hl=en&ei=lMXzSaTGFI-eMp3Hka4P&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#PPA163,M1 The Russian Orthodox Church in China]''. In: Stephen Uhalley and Xiaoxin Wu, '''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=vEZI_ULqp7EC China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future]'''. M.E. Sharpe, 2001. 499 pp. (pp.163-176). (ISBN 0765606615; ISBN 9780765606617)
* Dr. Kevin Baker. [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6574&pc=9 A History of the Orthodox Church in China, Korea and Japan]. The Edwin Mellen Press, 2006. 288 pp. (ISBN 0-7734-5886-7; ISBN 978-0-7734-5886-4)
* Eric Widmer. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3ZjnRS1g6zkC The Russian ecclesiastical mission in Peking during the eighteenth century]. Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1976. 262 pp. (ISBN 0674781295; ISBN 9780674781290)
* Martha Avery. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=BMftUQCm5_IC The Tea Road: China and Russia meet across the Steppe]. China Intercontinental Press, 2003. 198 pp. (ISBN 7508503805; ISBN 9787508503806)
'''Articles'''
* Antoaneta Bezlova. [http://www.atimes.com/china/DA12Ad01.html Old time religion struggles to survive]. ''Asia Times'', January 12, 2002.
* AsiaNews.it [http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6625 Russian Orthodox church to be set up in Beijing shortly]. ''AsiaNews.it'', July 06, 2006.
* Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America. [http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/zjxy/t36492.htm White Paper--Freedom of Religious Belief in China]. Beijing, October, 1997.
* Paul Mooney (Beijing). [http://www.pjmooney.com/scmp-orthodox.html Keeping the Faith]. ''South China Morning Post'', March 28, 2005.
* Religioscope. [http://www.religion.info/english/interviews/article_111.shtml Toward a rebirth of the Orthodox Church in China - Interview with Mitrophan Chin]. ''Religioscope'', 23 Oct 2004.
* Sarah Schafer. [http://www.newsweek.com/id/105278 Onward, Christian Soldiers: Chinese Missionaries Are Winning Souls Across The Middle Kingdom - And Plan To Spread Even Farther]. NEWSWEEK, May 10, 2004.

==References==
<div class="small"><references/></div>

[[Category: Church History]]
[[Category: Timelines]]
[[Category: Orthodoxy in China]]
[[Category: Missionaries]]

Talk:Georges Florovsky

2009-04-06T05:07:26Z

Stmitrophan: New page: Fr Georges should be referred as Archpriest (which corresponds to his rank in Russian: Протоиерей) instead of Protopresbyter, as Archpriest is one rank lower than Protopresbyster...

Fr Georges should be referred as Archpriest (which corresponds to his rank in Russian: Протоиерей) instead of Protopresbyter, as Archpriest is one rank lower than Protopresbyster in the Slavic tradition.

Talk:Symeon (Du) of Shanghai

2008-12-01T05:40:53Z

Stmitrophan: New page: The Cultural Revolution began in 1966, so the date of repose in 1965 is not connected with the Cultural Revolution.

The Cultural Revolution began in 1966, so the date of repose in 1965 is not connected with the Cultural Revolution.

Symeon (Du) of Shanghai

2008-12-01T05:39:45Z

Stmitrophan: /* Timeline */

His Grace [[Bishop]] '''Symeon (Du) of Shanghai''' was one of the [[bishop]]s in the Autonomous [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Church]].

{{stub}}

==Timeline==
*1865: The Russian Cossack-Albazinian ancestors of the future bishop settle in Beijing.
*1886 Feb 11: Fyodor Du born into the family of a church reader.
*1900: Boxer (Yihetuan Movement) Rebellion occurs. His father, close relatives and himself miraculously escape death.
*1904: Fyodor completes theological [[seminary]] at the [[Russian Orthodox Mission in China|Orthodox Mission]], Beijing. Serves as [[reader]] and catechist.
*1908: Fyodor [[ordination|ordained]] to [[diaconate]] by Bishop [[Innocent (Figurovsky) of Beijing|Innocent (Figurovsky)]]. Assigned to Church of the Annunciation at metochion of the Mission in Harbin. Serves as deacon, [[missionary]], treasurer and office manager.
*1919: Dcn Fyodor worked on publishing Russian textbooks for Harbian schools.
*1920-32: Began much missionary work in Shanghai, Hankou, Haimin, Kaifeng, Zhangde, Weihou, Baodingfu, Kalgan, Mukden Qiqihar and some Manchurian stations.
*1932: Dcn Fyodor lived in Tianjin.
*1934: Dcn Fyodor elevated to Protodeacon.
*1941 Sep 16: Ordained to the [[Priest]]hood. Fr Fyodor appointed to St Innocent Mission Church.
*1943: Elevated to [[Archpriest]].
*1945: Fr Fyodor was awarded [[Epigonation|Palitza]].
*1950 Jul 23: Tonsured a [[monk]] with the name Symeon.
::Jul 25: Elevated to [[Archimandrite]].
::Jul 30: Consecrated to Bishop of Tianjin. Bp Symeon was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] in the Patriarchal Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow, by Patriarch [[Alexei I (Simansky) of Moscow|Alexei I]], Metropolitan Nikolai of Krutisk and Kolomna, Metropolitan Elevferii of Prague and All-Czechoslovakia, Archbishop [[Victor (Svyatin) of Krasnodar and Kuban|Victor (Svyatin)]] of Beijing and China, Bishop Flavian of Orlov and Briansk and Bishop Gavriil of Vologda and Cherepvetsk.
::Sep 26: Bishop Symeon was transferred to be Bishop of Shanghai.
*1965 Mar 3: Bishop Symeon reposed in the Lord.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=unknown|
title=Bishop of Tianjin|
years=1950|
after=unknown}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]]|
title=Bishop of Shanghai|
years=1950-1965|
after=unknown}}
{{end box}}

==External link==
*[http://orthodox.cn/localchurch/shanghai/simeondu_en.htm Biography] on Orthodoxy in China.

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in China]]

Metropolis of Singapore

2008-01-26T04:10:27Z

Stmitrophan: /* Exarchate of Singapore */

{{diocese|
name=Holy Metropolis of Singapore|
jurisdiction=[[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|
type=Metropolis|
founded=2008|
bishop=''vacant''|
see=Singapore|
hq=Singapore|
territory=Singapore, India, Indonesia, other nearby countries|
language=English, Greek, other native languages|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=''unknown''|
website=''unknown''
}}
__NOTOC__

The '''Holy Metropolis of Singapore''', headquartered in Singapore, is an [[eparchy]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Currently vacant, this see was established in January 2008 to encompass India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Maldives Islands, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

==History==
On [[January 9]], 2008, the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Constantinople]] decided to divide the western part of the [[Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]] from the eastern part, thus forming the Holy Metropolis of Singapore which extends further west to encompass South Asia. As yet, the metropolis has not had a bishop elected to lead it.

== The Episcopacy ==
This see is currently vacant.

:*Archimandrite [[Daniel (Toyne)]] is the sole priest in Singapore.
:*Rev Fr [[Chrysostomos Manalu]] is the archepiscopal vicar for Indonesia.

 

==Former metropolitans==
*Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)]], formerly Metropolitan of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia (when it also encompassed the area now in this Metropolis), now director of the [[Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute]] in Berkeley, California, USA.

==Related articles==
*Archimandrite [[Lazarus (Moore)]], missionary in India 1952-1972.

==External links==
* [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/20080109epsynod_en.htm Translation of the announcement establishing the Holy Metropolis of Singapore]
* [http://www.patriarchate.org/ Official Website of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople]

====Metropolis of Singapore====
* [http://www.geocities.com/orthodoxchurchsg Holy Resurrection Orthodox Church] in Singapore.

====Exarchate of [[Orthodoxy in Indonesia|Indonesia]]====
* [http://www.orthodoxindonesia.org/ Orthodox Indonesia - Synaxis]
* [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/byantoro_indonesia.htm Birth of Orthodoxy in Indonesia]
* [http://filorthodoxia.googlepages.com/home The Indonesian Orthodox Church]

====Exarchate of India====

* [http://www.psoc-cal.org/ Philanthropic Society of the Orthodox Church - Calcutta].
* [http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dimitris/metro/history_india.html History of the Church in India].

{{stub}}

[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Dioceses|Singapore]]
[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|Singapore]]

Orthodoxy in Indonesia

2008-01-26T04:06:19Z

Stmitrophan: /* External links */

This article seeks to be a clearinghouse of information and links regarding the history and state of '''[[Orthodox Christianity]] in Indonesia'''.



== Jurisdictions ==
* [[Orthodox Metropolis of Singapore]] ([[Church of Constantinople]])
* [[Diocese of Australia and New Zealand (ROCOR)|Diocese of Australia and New Zealand]] ([[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]])



== External links ==
* [http://www.goina.org/ Gereja Orthodox Indonesia / Orthodox Church of Indonesia (ROCOR)]
* [http://www.friendsofindonesia.org Friends of Indonesia: news from the Indonesian Orthodox Church]
* [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/byantoro_indonesia.htm Orthodox Research Institute - The Birth of the Orthodox Church in Indonesia]
* [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/byantoro_indonesia.htm Birth of Orthodoxy in Indonesia]
* [http://www.orthodoxindonesia.org Orthodox Indonesia - Synaxis]
* [http://filorthodoxia.googlepages.com/home The Indonesian Orthodox Church]

[[Category:Church History]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy by country|Indonesia]]

Metropolis of Singapore

2008-01-26T04:04:24Z

Stmitrophan: /* Exarchate of Indonesia */

{{diocese|
name=Holy Metropolis of Singapore|
jurisdiction=[[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|
type=Metropolis|
founded=2008|
bishop=''vacant''|
see=Singapore|
hq=Singapore|
territory=Singapore, India, Indonesia, other nearby countries|
language=English, Greek, other native languages|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=''unknown''|
website=''unknown''
}}
__NOTOC__

The '''Holy Metropolis of Singapore''', headquartered in Singapore, is an [[eparchy]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Currently vacant, this see was established in January 2008 to encompass India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Maldives Islands, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

==History==
On [[January 9]], 2008, the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Constantinople]] decided to divide the western part of the [[Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]] from the eastern part, thus forming the Holy Metropolis of Singapore which extends further west to encompass South Asia. As yet, the metropolis has not had a bishop elected to lead it.

== The Episcopacy ==
This see is currently vacant.

:*Archimandrite [[Daniel (Toyne)]] is the sole priest in Singapore.
:*Rev Fr [[Chrysostomos Manalu]] is the archepiscopal vicar for Indonesia.

 

==Former metropolitans==
*Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)]], formerly Metropolitan of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia (when it also encompassed the area now in this Metropolis), now director of the [[Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute]] in Berkeley, California, USA.

==Related articles==
*Archimandrite [[Lazarus (Moore)]], missionary in India 1952-1972.

==External links==
* [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/20080109epsynod_en.htm Translation of the announcement establishing the Holy Metropolis of Singapore]
* [http://www.patriarchate.org/ Official Website of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople]

====Exarchate of Singapore====
* [http://www.geocities.com/orthodoxchurchsg Holy Resurrection Orthodox Church] in Singapore.

====Exarchate of [[Orthodoxy in Indonesia|Indonesia]]====
* [http://www.orthodoxindonesia.org/ Orthodox Indonesia - Synaxis]
* [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/byantoro_indonesia.htm Birth of Orthodoxy in Indonesia]
* [http://filorthodoxia.googlepages.com/home The Indonesian Orthodox Church]

====Exarchate of India====

* [http://www.psoc-cal.org/ Philanthropic Society of the Orthodox Church - Calcutta].
* [http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dimitris/metro/history_india.html History of the Church in India].

{{stub}}

[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Dioceses|Singapore]]
[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|Singapore]]

Metropolis of Singapore

2008-01-26T04:03:37Z

Stmitrophan: /* Exarchate of Indonesia */

{{diocese|
name=Holy Metropolis of Singapore|
jurisdiction=[[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|
type=Metropolis|
founded=2008|
bishop=''vacant''|
see=Singapore|
hq=Singapore|
territory=Singapore, India, Indonesia, other nearby countries|
language=English, Greek, other native languages|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=''unknown''|
website=''unknown''
}}
__NOTOC__

The '''Holy Metropolis of Singapore''', headquartered in Singapore, is an [[eparchy]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Currently vacant, this see was established in January 2008 to encompass India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Maldives Islands, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

==History==
On [[January 9]], 2008, the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Constantinople]] decided to divide the western part of the [[Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]] from the eastern part, thus forming the Holy Metropolis of Singapore which extends further west to encompass South Asia. As yet, the metropolis has not had a bishop elected to lead it.

== The Episcopacy ==
This see is currently vacant.

:*Archimandrite [[Daniel (Toyne)]] is the sole priest in Singapore.
:*Rev Fr [[Chrysostomos Manalu]] is the archepiscopal vicar for Indonesia.

 

==Former metropolitans==
*Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)]], formerly Metropolitan of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia (when it also encompassed the area now in this Metropolis), now director of the [[Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute]] in Berkeley, California, USA.

==Related articles==
*Archimandrite [[Lazarus (Moore)]], missionary in India 1952-1972.

==External links==
* [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/20080109epsynod_en.htm Translation of the announcement establishing the Holy Metropolis of Singapore]
* [http://www.patriarchate.org/ Official Website of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople]

====Exarchate of Singapore====
* [http://www.geocities.com/orthodoxchurchsg Holy Resurrection Orthodox Church] in Singapore.

====Exarchate of [[Orthodoxy in Indonesia|Indonesia]]====
* [http://www.orthodoxindonesia.org/links.aspx Orthodox Indonesia - Synaxis]
* [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/byantoro_indonesia.htm Birth of Orthodoxy in Indonesia]
* [http://filorthodoxia.googlepages.com/home The Indonesian Orthodox Church]

====Exarchate of India====

* [http://www.psoc-cal.org/ Philanthropic Society of the Orthodox Church - Calcutta].
* [http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dimitris/metro/history_india.html History of the Church in India].

{{stub}}

[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Dioceses|Singapore]]
[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|Singapore]]

Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia

2008-01-26T04:01:28Z

Stmitrophan: /* Related articles */

{{diocese|
name=Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia|
jurisdiction=[[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|
type=Metropolis|
founded=1996|
bishop=Metr. [[Nektarios (Tsilis)|Nektarios]]|
see=Hong Kong|
hq=Hong Kong|
territory=Hong Kong, Philippines, Taiwan, Southeast Asia|
language=English, Greek, other native languages|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=''unknown''|
website=[http://www.omhksea.org/ OMHKSEA]
}}
__NOTOC__

The '''Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia''', headquartered in Hong Kong, is an [[eparchy]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Metropolitan [[Nektarios (Tsilis)]] has been elected to hold this [[see]] which includes Hong Kong, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar.

==History==
Between its 1997 establishment and [[January 8]], 2008, this metropolitanate was comprised of the exarchates of Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Singapore, and was shepherded by Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)|Nikitas of Hong Kong]].

==Recent history==
After his transfer to be the director of the Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute, the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Constantinople]] elected Archimandrite [[Nektarios (Tsilis)]] as the next Metropolitan of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, and essentially divided the metropolis into two separate metropolis'. The Metropolis of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia now encompasses Hong Kong, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar, and the new [[Metropolis of Singapore|Holy Metropolis of Singapore]] encompassing Singapore, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Maldives Islands, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

== The Episcopacy ==
The current administrator of the Metropolitanate is the [[Protosyngellos|Chancellor]], [[Archimandrite]] [[Konstantinos (Tsilis)]], but is to be held by Metropolitan [[Nektarios (Tsilis)]] who was consecrated on [[January 20]], 2008, after his relocation to Hong Kong later this year.

:*Rev Fr [[Nikitas (Mellios)]] is the vicar for the Philippines.
:*Archimandrite [[Jonah (Mourtos)]] is the sole priest in Taiwan.

 

==Former metropolitans==
*Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)]], now director of the [[Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute]] in Berkeley, California, USA.

==Related articles==
*[[Metropolis of Singapore|Holy Metropolis of Singapore]], formed in 2008 by dividing the original territory of the OMHKSEA.
*Archimandrite [[Lazarus (Moore)]], missionary in India 1952-1972.
*Archimandrite [[Philemon (Castro)]], priest in the Philippines.


===External links===
* [http://www.omhksea.org Official Website of the Metropolitanate]
* [http://www.patriarchate.org/ Official Website of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople]
* [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/20080109epsynod_en.htm Translation of the announcement that established the Holy Metropolis of Singapore as separate from the OMHKSEA]

====Exarchate of Taiwan====
* [http://www.orthodox.com.tw/ Holy Trinity Orthodox Church] in Taiwan.
* [http://flickr.com/photos/90309235@N00/116898662/in/set-72057594089294852/ Orthodox Christian Liturgy in Taipei, Pascha 2004]

[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Dioceses|Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in China]]

Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia

2008-01-26T04:00:23Z

Stmitrophan: /* The Episcopacy */

{{diocese|
name=Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia|
jurisdiction=[[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|
type=Metropolis|
founded=1996|
bishop=Metr. [[Nektarios (Tsilis)|Nektarios]]|
see=Hong Kong|
hq=Hong Kong|
territory=Hong Kong, Philippines, Taiwan, Southeast Asia|
language=English, Greek, other native languages|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=''unknown''|
website=[http://www.omhksea.org/ OMHKSEA]
}}
__NOTOC__

The '''Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia''', headquartered in Hong Kong, is an [[eparchy]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Metropolitan [[Nektarios (Tsilis)]] has been elected to hold this [[see]] which includes Hong Kong, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar.

==History==
Between its 1997 establishment and [[January 8]], 2008, this metropolitanate was comprised of the exarchates of Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Singapore, and was shepherded by Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)|Nikitas of Hong Kong]].

==Recent history==
After his transfer to be the director of the Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute, the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Constantinople]] elected Archimandrite [[Nektarios (Tsilis)]] as the next Metropolitan of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, and essentially divided the metropolis into two separate metropolis'. The Metropolis of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia now encompasses Hong Kong, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar, and the new [[Metropolis of Singapore|Holy Metropolis of Singapore]] encompassing Singapore, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Maldives Islands, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

== The Episcopacy ==
The current administrator of the Metropolitanate is the [[Protosyngellos|Chancellor]], [[Archimandrite]] [[Konstantinos (Tsilis)]], but is to be held by Metropolitan [[Nektarios (Tsilis)]] who was consecrated on [[January 20]], 2008, after his relocation to Hong Kong later this year.

:*Rev Fr [[Nikitas (Mellios)]] is the vicar for the Philippines.
:*Archimandrite [[Jonah (Mourtos)]] is the sole priest in Taiwan.

 

==Former metropolitans==
*Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)]], now director of the [[Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute]] in Berkeley, California, USA.

==Related articles==
*[[Metropolis of Singapore|Holy Metropolis of Singapore]], formed in 2008 by dividing the original territory of the OMHKSEA.
*Archimandrite [[Lazarus (Moore)]], missionary in India 1952-1972.
*Archimandrite [[Philemon (Castro)]], priest in the Philippines.


===External links===
* [http://www.omhksea.org Official Website of the Metropolitanate]
* [http://www.patriarchate.org/ Official Website of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople]
* [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/20080109epsynod_en.htm Translation of the announcement that established the Holy Metropolis of Singapore as separate from the OMHKSEA]

====Exarchate of Taiwan====
* [http://www.orthodox.com.tw/ Holy Trinity Orthodox Church] in Taiwan.
* [http://flickr.com/photos/90309235@N00/116898662/in/set-72057594089294852/ Orthodox Christian Liturgy in Taipei, Pascha 2004]

====Exarchate of India====

* [http://www.psoc-cal.org/ Philanthropic Society of the Orthodox Church - Calcutta].
* [http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dimitris/metro/history_india.html History of the Church in India].

[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Dioceses|Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in China]]

Metropolis of Singapore

2008-01-26T03:33:06Z

Stmitrophan: /* History */

{{diocese|
name=Holy Metropolis of Singapore|
jurisdiction=[[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|
type=Metropolis|
founded=2008|
bishop=''vacant''|
see=Singapore|
hq=Singapore|
territory=Singapore, India, Indonesia, other nearby countries|
language=English, Greek, other native languages|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=''unknown''|
website=''unknown''
}}
__NOTOC__

The '''Holy Metropolis of Singapore''', headquartered in Singapore, is an [[eparchy]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Currently vacant, this see was established in January 2008 to encompass India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Maldives Islands, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

==History==
On [[January 9]], 2008, the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Constantinople]] decided to divide the western part of the [[Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]] from the eastern part, thus forming the Holy Metropolis of Singapore which extends further west to encompass South Asia. As yet, the metropolis has not had a bishop elected to lead it.

== The Episcopacy ==
This see is currently vacant.

:*Archimandrite [[Daniel (Toyne)]] is the sole priest in Singapore.
:*Rev Fr [[Chrysostomos Manalu]] is the archepiscopal vicar for Indonesia.

 

==Former metropolitans==
*Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)]], formerly Metropolitan of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia (when it also encompassed the area now in this Metropolis), now director of the [[Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute]] in Berkeley, California, USA.

==Related articles==
*Archimandrite [[Lazarus (Moore)]], missionary in India 1952-1972.

==External links==
* [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/20080109epsynod_en.htm Translation of the announcement establishing the Holy Metropolis of Singapore]
* [http://www.patriarchate.org/ Official Website of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople]

====Exarchate of Singapore====
* [http://www.geocities.com/orthodoxchurchsg Holy Resurrection Orthodox Church] in Singapore.

====Exarchate of [[Orthodoxy in Indonesia|Indonesia]]====
* [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/byantoro_indonesia.htm Birth of Orthodoxy in Indonesia]
* [http://filorthodoxia.googlepages.com/home The Indonesian Orthodox Church]

====Exarchate of India====

* [http://www.psoc-cal.org/ Philanthropic Society of the Orthodox Church - Calcutta].
* [http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dimitris/metro/history_india.html History of the Church in India].

{{stub}}

[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Dioceses|Singapore]]
[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|Singapore]]

Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia

2008-01-26T03:30:14Z

Stmitrophan:

{{diocese|
name=Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia|
jurisdiction=[[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|
type=Metropolis|
founded=1996|
bishop=Metr. [[Nektarios (Tsilis)|Nektarios]]|
see=Hong Kong|
hq=Hong Kong|
territory=Hong Kong, Philippines, Taiwan, Southeast Asia|
language=English, Greek, other native languages|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=''unknown''|
website=[http://www.omhksea.org/ OMHKSEA]
}}
__NOTOC__

The '''Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia''', headquartered in Hong Kong, is an [[eparchy]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Metropolitan [[Nektarios (Tsilis)]] has been elected to hold this [[see]] which includes Hong Kong, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar.

==History==
Between its 1997 establishment and [[January 8]], 2008, this metropolitanate was comprised of the exarchates of Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Singapore, and was shepherded by Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)|Nikitas of Hong Kong]].

==Recent history==
After his transfer to be the director of the Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute, the Holy Synod of the [[Church of Constantinople]] elected Archimandrite [[Nektarios (Tsilis)]] as the next Metropolitan of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, and essentially divided the metropolis into two separate metropolis'. The Metropolis of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia now encompasses Hong Kong, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar, and the new [[Metropolis of Singapore|Holy Metropolis of Singapore]] encompassing Singapore, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Maldives Islands, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

== The Episcopacy ==
The current administrator of the Metropolitanate is the [[Protosyngellos|Chancellor]], [[Archimandrite]] [[Konstantinos (Tsilis)]], but is to be held by Metropolitan [[Nektarios (Tsilis)]] who was consecrated on [[January 20]], 2008, after his relocation to Hong Kong later this year.

:*Rev Fr [[Nikitas (Mellios)]] is the vicar for the Philippines.
:*Rev Fr [[Chrysostomos Manalu]] is the archepiscopal vicar for Indonesia.
:*Archimandrite [[Jonah (Mourtos)]] is the sole priest in Taiwan.

 

==Former metropolitans==
*Metropolitan [[Nikitas (Lulias)]], now director of the [[Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute]] in Berkeley, California, USA.

==Related articles==
*[[Metropolis of Singapore|Holy Metropolis of Singapore]], formed in 2008 by dividing the original territory of the OMHKSEA.
*Archimandrite [[Lazarus (Moore)]], missionary in India 1952-1972.
*Archimandrite [[Philemon (Castro)]], priest in the Philippines.


===External links===
* [http://www.omhksea.org Official Website of the Metropolitanate]
* [http://www.patriarchate.org/ Official Website of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople]
* [http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/20080109epsynod_en.htm Translation of the announcement that established the Holy Metropolis of Singapore as separate from the OMHKSEA]

====Exarchate of Taiwan====
* [http://www.orthodox.com.tw/ Holy Trinity Orthodox Church] in Taiwan.
* [http://flickr.com/photos/90309235@N00/116898662/in/set-72057594089294852/ Orthodox Christian Liturgy in Taipei, Pascha 2004]

====Exarchate of India====

* [http://www.psoc-cal.org/ Philanthropic Society of the Orthodox Church - Calcutta].
* [http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dimitris/metro/history_india.html History of the Church in India].

[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Dioceses|Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|Hong Kong and Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in China]]

Talk:Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia

2008-01-12T18:34:26Z

Stmitrophan: /* Episcopacy */

==Vacant See==

::::::'''OMHKSEA ORDINANCE Section VII'''
:::::''Administration of the Metropolitan Archdiocese''

:IV. When the Metropolitan is absent from the region or ill or not able to perform his administrative and spiritual responsibilities, '''the Chancellor of the Metropolitan Archdiocese shall perform all necessary duties on his behalf'''.

See: [http://www.orthodox.cn/contemporary/stlukecathedral/1163_en.htm Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and South East Asia Ordinance. Section VII, Article IV] --[[User:Filipino|Filipino]] 09:22, June 12, 2007 (PDT)

==Vacant See==
In March of 2007, Metropolitan Nikitas was appointed Director of the Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute and has relocated to California. See http://www.orthodoxinstitute.org/metropolitannikitasbio.html and also the Press Release at http://www.orthodoxinstitute.org/files/NikitasRelease.doc {{unsigned|Stmitrophan}} On August 29, 2007, the Ecumenical Patriarchate website at http://www.ec-patr.org/docdisplay.php?lang=en&id=814&tla=gr announced: μέν Σεβ. Μητροπολίτης Χόνγκ – Κόνγκ κ. Νικήτας μετετέθη εἰς τήν Ἱεράν Μητρόπολιν Δαρδανελλίων,

:Why write '''"VACANT"'''? Who told you so? This is an undocumented claim. There is no '''official announcement''' yet coming from the Office of the Ecumenical Patriarchate that the Episcopal seat of '''OMHKSEA''' is '''"VACANT"'''. Let us wait for further '''OFFICIAL''' announcement before jumping into conclusion based on '''CONJECTURES''' and bad '''RUMORS'''.
: -[[User:Filipino|Filipino]] at 11:35, May 30, 2006

:John, you're right that perhaps another bishop will seamlessly be consecrated (or moved) to fill the spot. Maybe there is a difference here in the use of terms -- "vacant" as a formal and canonical description and "vacant" simply meaning "there is no current bishop appointed." I assume the term was meant here more casually? — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

::...and, in any event, it's just a comment on a talk page. It wasn't even incorporated into the article. —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] 05:24, May 30, 2007 (PDT)

:::The allegation that the Episcopal seat of the Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and South East Asia is "VACANT" was not merely "a comment on a talk page". This rumor was "incorporated" into the OMHKSEA Wiki article by Wiki User '''Marcus''' last May 2007 and he wrote:

:::"The '''Episcopacy is currently vacant as of March, 2007''' and may be '''abolished''' pending the decision of the Holy and Sacred Synod of Constantinople." -
:::''Please see'':[http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Orthodox_Metropolitanate_of_Hong_Kong_and_Southeast_Asia&oldid=50808] User '''MARCUS''' Revision in OMHKSEA "Episcopacy" on '''May 04, 2007''' .
::: The readers are hereby warned regarding statements posted here by the said user.
:::::::--[[User:Filipino|Filipino]] 20:44, July 7, 2007 (PDT)

==Episcopacy==
This section is usually for the bishop of a particular see. However, this metropolis has so many exarchates that I thought it best to include the chief priests for each exarchate. This does not mean, however, that every priest should be listed - this should be done in on the OMHKSEA website, or at the most (and the need is ''very'' dubious), in its own article. — edited by [[User:Pistevo|Pι]][[Special:Listusers/sysop|s]][[User talk:Pistevo|τ]][[Special:Contributions/Pistevo|é]][[User:Pistevo|vο]] at 23:19, July 15, 2006 (CDT)

:There are directories of parishes by state -- maybe a regional directory could be created for this purpose? — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

The listing of exarchate for this metropolis may have to change to reflect a new metropolis based in Singapore. I don't know of official press release, but the following Greek article was posted at http://ecclesianet.blogspot.com/2008/01/blog-post_4141.html - [[User:stmitrophan]]

:A lot of things will have to change, but they'd have to be changed by someone whos Greek is better than mine :) — edited by [[User:Pistevo|Pιsτévο]] ''[[User talk:Pistevo|talk]]'' ''[[User talk:Pistevo/dev/null|complaints]]'' at 23:03, January 11, 2008 (PST)

See English translation of Announcement from the Top Secretariat of the Holy and Sacred Synod at http://orthodox.cn/contemporary/20080109epsynod_en.htm - [[User:stmitrophan]]

Talk:Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia

2008-01-12T18:31:27Z

Stmitrophan: /* Episcopacy */

User:Stmitrophan

2008-01-11T03:59:16Z

Stmitrophan:

webmaster for [http://orthodox.cn Orthodox.cn] 
President, [http://orthodox.cn/ofasc/index_en.html Orthodox Fellowship of All Saints of China] 
project coordinator for Chinese Translation Project of the Prologue from Ohrid [http://prologue.orthodox.cn Prologue.orthodox.cn] 
parishioner of [http://www.stmaryorthodoxchurch.org St Mary's Antiochian Orthodox Church] 

[[Category:User Pages|{{PAGENAME}}]]

User:Stmitrophan

2008-01-11T03:58:55Z

Stmitrophan:

webmaster for [http://orthodox.cn Orthodox.cn] 
President, [http://orthodox.cn/ofasc/index_en.html Orthodox Fellowship of All Saints of China]
project coordinator for Chinese Translation Project of the Prologue from Ohrid [http://prologue.orthodox.cn Prologue.orthodox.cn] 
parishioner of [http://www.stmaryorthodoxchurch.org St Mary's Antiochian Orthodox Church] 

[[Category:User Pages|{{PAGENAME}}]]

Talk:Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia

2008-01-11T03:57:20Z

Stmitrophan: /* Episcopacy */

Talk:Basil (Shuan) of Beijing

2007-10-09T12:42:42Z

Stmitrophan: New page: Bp Vasily's Chinese name in Hanyu Pinyin is Yáo Shuānglín according to Fr Michael Li of Australia. I seen a number of occasions where the Russian names of Chinese clergy take not the C...

Bp Vasily's Chinese name in Hanyu Pinyin is Yáo Shuānglín according to Fr Michael Li of Australia. I seen a number of occasions where the Russian names of Chinese clergy take not the Chinese character of their family name but the first Chinese character of their given name and append to the end of their Russian name. The Russian call Bp Vasily family name Shuan, which when transliterated according to the Pallady to Pinyin system, should be Shuang, which matches the first character of Bp Vasily's given Chinese name.

Basil (Shuan) of Beijing

2007-10-09T12:39:48Z

Stmitrophan: /* Biography */

His Grace [[Bishop]] '''Vasily (Shuan) of Beijing''' was the first ruling [[bishop]] of the Autonomous Chinese Orthodox Church.

==Biography==
Ignaty Shuang, the future bishop, was born in Beijing on [[December 23]], 1888. Little is known about his early life. He later completed theological [[seminary]] at the Spiritual Mission, Beijing, and was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[deacon|diaconate]] on [[May 11]], 1915, by Bishop Innokenty (Figurovsky).

Dcn Ignaty, after 33 years serving as a [[deacon]], was ordained in 1948 to the [[priest]]hood. On [[August 30]] of that year, he was also [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Vasily. Hmk Vasily was then elevated to [[Igumen|Hegumen]] and was appointed spiritual director of Holy Dormition Monastery and Holy Protection Monastery, a male and female monastery (respectively).

In July 1950, Hegumen Vasily was elevated to [[archimandrite]], and in December of the same year, Archimandrite Vasily was appointed director of the Catechetical School of the Mission, in addition to being made a member of the administration of the East-Asian Exarchate.

Greater honour was to come to Archimandrite Vasily when, in 1951, Patriarch Alexy offered Archim. Vasily the bishopric of Tianjin, but this was declined by Archim. Vasily, who gave the reasons of unworthiness and infirmity (being 69 years old). At this point, Archimandrite Vasily was the dean of the Holy Dormition [[Cathedral]], Beijing, and was temporary administrator of the diocese of Beijing. In February of this year, Archim. Vasily was appointed a member of the Council of the Spiritual Mission.

However, the episcopacy was not to be denied. On [[May 17]], 1957, Archimandrite Vasily was consecrated Bishop of Beijing in the Holy Transfiguration church, Moscow, by Metr. Nikolai of Krutitsk and Kolomensk, Abp. Victor of Krasnodar and Kuban, and Abp. Makary of Mozhaisk.

The first head of the Autonomous Chinese Orthodox Church was not to rule this post very long. On [[January 3]], 1962, Bp. Vasily reposed, with no successor.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=unknown|
title=Bishop of Beijing|
years=1957-1962|
after=''see vacant''}}
{{end box}}

==External link==
*[http://orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/basil_en.htm Biography] on Orthodoxy in China.

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in China]]

Basil (Shuan) of Beijing

2007-09-14T03:22:57Z

Stmitrophan: /* External Links */

His Grace [[Bishop]] '''Vasily (Shuan) of Beijing''' was the first ruling [[bishop]] of the Autonomous Chinese Orthodox Church.

==Biography==
Ignaty Shuan, the future bishop, was born in Beijing on [[December 23]], 1888. Little is known about his early life. He later completed theological [[seminary]] at the Spiritual Mission, Beijing, and was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[deacon|diaconate]] on [[May 11]], 1915, by Bishop Innokenty (Figurovsky).

Dcn Ignaty, after 33 years serving as a [[deacon]], was ordained in 1948 to the [[priest]]hood. On [[August 30]] of that year, he was also [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Vasily. Hmk Vasily was then elevated to [[Igumen|Hegumen]] and was appointed spiritual director of Holy Dormition Monastery and Holy Protection Monastery, a male and female monastery (respectively).

In July 1950, Hegumen Vasily was elevated to [[archimandrite]], and in December of the same year, Archimandrite Vasily was appointed director of the Catechetical School of the Mission, in addition to being made a member of the administration of the East-Asian Exarchate.

Greater honour was to come to Archimandrite Vasily when, in 1951, Patriarch Alexy offered Archim. Vasily the bishopric of Tianjin, but this was declined by Archim. Vasily, who gave the reasons of unworthiness and infirmity (being 69 years old). At this point, Archimandrite Vasily was the dean of the Holy Dormition [[Cathedral]], Beijing, and was temporary administrator of the diocese of Beijing. In February of this year, Archim. Vasily was appointed a member of the Council of the Spiritual Mission.

However, the episcopacy was not to be denied. On [[May 17]], 1957, Archimandrite Vasily was consecrated Bishop of Beijing in the Holy Transfiguration church, Moscow, by Metr. Nikolai of Krutitsk and Kolomensk, Abp. Victor of Krasnodar and Kuban, and Abp. Makary of Mozhaisk.

The first head of the Autonomous Chinese Orthodox Church was not to rule this post very long. On [[January 3]], 1962, Bp. Vasily reposed, with no successor.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=unknown|
title=Bishop of Beijing|
years=1957-1962|
after=''none as yet''}}
{{end box}}

==External Links==
[http://orthodox.cn/localchurch/beijing/basil_en.htm Biography] on Orthodoxy in China.

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in China]]

Talk:Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia

2007-09-14T03:15:24Z

Stmitrophan: /* Vacant See */

Symeon (Du) of Shanghai

2007-09-14T02:50:08Z

Stmitrophan: /* External Links */

His Grace [[Bishop]] '''Symeon (Du) of Shanghai''' was one of the bishops in the Autonomous [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Church]].

{{stub}}

==Timeline==
*1865: The Russian Cossack-Albazinian ancestors of the future bishop settle in Beijing.
*1886 Feb 11: Fyodor Du born into the family of a church reader.
*1900: Boxer Rebellion occurs. His father, close relatives and himself miraculously escape death.
*1904: Fyodor completes theological seminary at the Orthodox Mission, Beijing. Serves as [[reader]] and catechist.
*1908: Fyodor ordained to [[diaconate]] by Bishop Innokenty (Figurovsky). Assigned to Church of the Annunciation at metochion of the Mission in Harbin. Serves as deacon, missionary, treasurer and office manager.
*1919: Dcn Fyodor worked on publishing Russian textbooks for Harbian schools.
*1920-32: Began much missionary work in Shanghai, Hankou, Haimin, Kaifeng, Zhangde, Weihou, Baodingfu, Kalgan, Mukden Qiqihar and some Manchurian stations.
*1932: Dcn Fyodor lived in Tianjin.
*1934: Dcn Fyodor elevated to Protodeacon.
*1941 Sep 16: Ordained to the [[Priest]]hood. Fr Fyodor appointed to St Innocent Mission Church.
*1943: Elevated to [[Archpriest]].
*1945: Fr Fyodor was awarded [[Epigonation|Palitza]].
*1950 Jul 23: Tonsured a monk with the name Symeon.
::Jul 25: Elevated to Archimandrite
::Jul 30: Consecrated Bishop of Tianjin. Bp Symeon was consecrated in the Patriarchal Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow, by Patriarch Alexii, Metropolitan Nikolai of Krutisk and Kolomna, Metropolitan Elevferii of Prague and All-Czechoslovakia, Archbishop Victor (Svjatin) of Beijing and China, Bishop Flavian of Orlov and Briansk and Bishop Gavriil of Vologda and Cherepvetsk.
::Sep 26: Bishop Symeon was transferred to be Bishop of Shanghai.
*1965 Mar 3: Bishop Symeon reposed during the Cultural Revolution.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=unknown|
title=Bishop of Tianjin|
years=1950|
after=unknown}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]]|
title=Bishop of Shanghai|
years=1950-1965|
after=unknown}}
{{end box}}

==External Links==
[http://orthodox.cn/localchurch/shanghai/simeondu_en.htm Biography] on Orthodoxy in China.

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in China]]

Talk:June 5

2007-08-14T17:50:36Z

Stmitrophan: New page: Saint Peter, monk of Serbia is the same as Saint Peter of Korisha. You can delete one of the entries or merge them. See http://www.roca.org/OA/136/136e.htm

Saint Peter, monk of Serbia is the same as Saint Peter of Korisha. You can delete one of the entries or merge them. See http://www.roca.org/OA/136/136e.htm

The Rudder

2007-07-26T19:31:07Z

Stmitrophan: /* External links */

[[Image:Pedalion.JPG|right|thumb|130px| Full title page of ''The Pedalion'', 1908 publication, 5th ed.]]
'''''The Rudder''''' ({{lang-el|Πηδάλιον}}) is a codification of Orthodox [[Canon law]] by St. [[Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain]]. It was first translated into English by D. Cummings, and published by the Orthodox Christian Educational Society in 1957 under the title of ''The Rudder''.

== Full bibliographic citation ==
[[Image:RUDDER.JPG|right|thumb|130px| Full title page of The Rudder, 1957 publication (trans.)]]
* ''The Rudder'' (''Pedalion''): Of the metaphorical ship of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church of the Orthodox Christians, or all the sacred and divine canons of the holy and renowned Apostles, of the holy Councils, ecumenical as well as regional, and of individual fathers, as embodied in the original Greek text, for the sake of authenticity, and explained in the vernacular by way of rendering them more intelligible to the less educated.
** Comp. Agapius a Hieromonk and Nicodemus a Monk. First printed and published A.D.1800. Trans. D. Cummings, from the 5th edition published by John Nicolaides (Kesisoglou the Caesarian) in Athens, Greece in 1908, (Chicago: The Orthodox Christian Educational Society, 1957; Repr., New York, N.Y.: Luna Printing Co., 1983).

== External links ==
* The 1957 edition is out of print but available online in a number of places, including: [http://www.stgeorgebroadcasting.com/index.php?/archives/695-The-Rudder-of-The-Holy-Eastern-Orthodox-Chruch.html] (Flashpaper) and [http://s3.amazonaws.com/orthodox/The_Rudder.pdf] (full text searchable PDF but lacking introduction, 238k).
* A revised, hyperlinked version on CD, ed. Ralph J. Masterjohn (2006), is available from [http://www.orthodoxpress.org/ St. Nectarios Press].
* HTML version of several sections available from Holy Trinity Orthodox School: [http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/cannons_apostles_rudder.htm Canons of the Apostles]
[http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/councils_ecumenical_rudder.htm Canons of the Seven Ecumenical Councils with introduction by Archbishop Peter L’Huillier]
[http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/councils_local_rudder.htm Canons of the Local Councils]
[http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/canons_fathers_rudder.htm Canons of the Holy Fathers]

==See also==
*[[Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain]]
*[[Canon law]]

[[Category:Canon Law]]
[[Category:Texts]]

Talk:Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia

2007-05-02T19:31:14Z

Stmitrophan: /* Episcopacy */

==Vacant See==
In March of 2007, Metropolitan Nikitas was appointed Director of the Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute and has relocated to California. See http://www.orthodoxinstitute.org/metropolitannikitasbio.html and also the Press Release at http://www.orthodoxinstitute.org/files/NikitasRelease.doc

==Episcopacy==
This section is usually for the bishop of a particular see. However, this metropolis has so many exarchates that I thought it best to include the chief priests for each exarchate. This does not mean, however, that every priest should be listed - this should be done in on the OMHKSEA website, or at the most (and the need is ''very'' dubious), in its own article. — edited by [[User:Pistevo|Pι]][[Special:Listusers/sysop|s]][[User talk:Pistevo|τ]][[Special:Contributions/Pistevo|é]][[User:Pistevo|vο]] at 23:19, July 15, 2006 (CDT)

Symeon (Du) of Shanghai

2006-07-20T00:20:55Z

Stmitrophan: /* Timeline */

His Grace [[Bishop]] '''Symeon (Du) of Shanghai''' was one of the bishops in the Autonomous [[Church of China|Chinese Orthodox Church]].

{{stub}}

==Timeline==
*1865: The Russian Cossack-Albazinian ancestors of the future bishop settle in Beijing.
*1886 Feb 11: Fyodor Du born into the family of a church reader.
*1900: Boxer Rebellion occurs. His father, close relatives and himself miraculously escape death.
*1904: Fyodor completes theological seminary at the Orthodox Mission, Beijing. Serves as [[reader]] and catechist.
*1908: Fyodor ordained to [[diaconate]] by Bishop Innokenty (Figurovsky). Assigned to Church of the Annunciation at metochion of the Mission in Harbin. Serves as deacon, missionary, treasurer and office manager.
*1919: Dcn Fyodor worked on publishing Russian textbooks for Harbian schools.
*1920-32: Began much missionary work in Shanghai, Hankou, Haimin, Kaifeng, Zhangde, Weihou, Baodingfu, Kalgan, Mukden Qiqihar and some Manchurian stations.
*1932: Dcn Fyodor lived in Tianjin.
*1934: Dcn Fyodor elevated to Protodeacon.
*1941 Sep 16: Ordained to the [[Priest]]hood. Fr Fyodor appointed to St Innocent Mission Church.
*1943: Elevated to [[Archpriest]].
*1945: Fr Fyodor was awarded [[Epigonation|Palitza]].
*1950 Jul 23: Tonsured a monk with the name Symeon.
::Jul 25: Elevated to Archimandrite
::Jul 30: Consecrated Bishop of Tianjin. Bp Symeon was consecrated in the Patriarchal Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow, by Patriarch Alexii, Metropolitan Nikolai of Krutisk and Kolomna, Metropolitan Elevferii of Prague and All-Czechoslovakia, Archbishop Victor (Svjatin) of Beijing and China, Bishop Flavian of Orlov and Briansk and Bishop Gavriil of Vologda and Cherepvetsk.
::Sep 26: Bishop Symeon was transferred to be Bishop of Shanghai.
*1965 Mar 3: Bishop Symeon reposed during the Cultural Revolution.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=unknown|
title=Bishop of Tianjin|
years=1950|
after=unknown}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Maximovitch|John (Maximovitch)]]|
title=Bishop of Shanghai|
years=1950-1965|
after=unknown}}
{{end box}}

==External Links==
[http://orthodox.cn/history/shanghai/simeondu_en.htm Biography] on Orthodoxy in China.

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in China]]

Maxim Sandovich

2006-06-25T01:50:22Z

Stmitrophan:

Our righteous father '''Maxim Sandovich''' (also ''Maximus''), [[Protomartyr]] of the Lemko people, was a Carpatho-Russian [[hieromartyr]] who, in practicing his Orthodox faith as [[priest]] under the rule of the [[Unia]], as enforced by the Roman Catholic Austrian imperial government, was arrested and then executed for his faith in August 1914. His [[feast day]]s are celebrated on [[August 6]] (repose) and [[September 6]] (glorification).

==Life==
Maxim Sandovich was born into the family of a prosperous farmer, Timothy Sandovich, and his wife, Christina, in the village of Zdyna, Galicia. His father served as the choir director in the local parish. After finishing four years of study at the local high school in Novy Sanch, Maxim crossed the border into Russia to become a [[novice]] at the Pochaev Lavra in Volynia. Subsequently, he attended the Orthodox [[seminary]] in Zhitomir. Completing his studies he married a young Orthodox woman, Pelagia, and was [[ordination|ordained]] as a [[deacon]] and then to the [[priest]]hood before returning to his home.

It was not very long before the Austrian militia discovered his Orthodox pastoral and [[missionary]] service as he was denounced by a Ukrainian teacher by the name of Leos, in 1912. Immediately the Austrian gendarmes put Fr. Maxim in chains and sent him to prison in Lvov. There he was held for two years without a trial or inquest while being abused horribly and living in equally bad conditions. Then as World War I was to begin he was released for lack of evidence.

Fr. Maxim's stay at his home in the village Hrab was to prove to be short as the first shots of the war heralded a wave of new repressions of the Orthodox Carpatho-Russians. The militia, on [[August 4]], 1914, arrested the whole family of the young priest and dragged them off in shackles to the prison in Gorlice. Fr. Maxim, his father, mother, brother, and wife were forced to travel on foot to the prison while being prodded by the bayonets of the gendarmes. In prison they were placed in separate cells and denied the opportunity to see each other.

Then, on Sunday, August 6, while at [[prayer]] at the dawn of the new day, Fr. Maxim could hear the noise of a crowd beyond the walls of their prison. The noise was accompanied finally by a load thud as a moustachioed German captain, named Dietrich, from Linz entered the prison grounds, accompanied by two soldiers and four gendarmes. The captain was known to be a cruel and sadistic person. This group was followed by the prison wardens, some civil servants, officers, and a group of curious women led by Pan Mitshka, the leader of the Gorlice District. As silence fell, the order was given to the warden to bring Fr. Maxim from his cell.

With that order two soldiers led the twenty-eight-year-old Orthodox priest from the prison. Fr. Maxim suddenly realized where they were taking him and humbly and with dignity asked, "Be so good as not to hold me. I will go peacefully wherever you wish." Even the taunting of the crowd did not affect his courageous bearing as he walked calmly and with a measured gait to the fateful wall, as befitting a follower of [[Christ]].

Captain Dietrich ripped Fr. Maxim's cross from his chest, tossing it on the ground where he trampled it with his feet. As the captain bound Fr. Maxim's hands behind his back and blind folded him, Fr. Maxim exclaimed that it was not necessary as he had no intention of running away. But, the "brave" captain laughed and then marked with white chalk a line on Fr. Maxim's black [[cassock]] as a target for the riflemen. In the silence of the moment as the executioners were arranged, Pan Mitshka read the death sentence. With a short command from the captain, the saber was raised and lowered. With that action, shots echoed through the prison.

Fr. Maxim's voice could then be heard, first strongly but diminishing as he spoke, "Long live the Russian people." Then, leaning against the wall, "Long live the Holy Orthodox Faith." And, finally and barely audible, "Long live Slavdom." As his powerful frame slid down the wall, a gendarme ended Fr. Maxim's suffering by firing three shots from his pistol into Fr. Maxim's head.

Through all this Fr. Maxim's father and mother watched his heroic death in silence and as the final shots echoed through the prison his wife fell senselessly to the ground. Thus died Fr. Maxim Sandovich, a [[martyr]] for Orthodox Christianity.

==Glorification==
Fr. Maxim Sandovich was [[Glorification|glorified]] by the [[Church of Poland|Polish Orthodox Church]] in 1994. His feast day is August 6.

St. Maxim's son, Maxim, would later return to Gorlice and lead a thriving Orthodox community there.

There is a liturgical service and an [[akathist]] hymn in his honor.

==External Links==
*[http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/oecarrus.htm Orthodox Europe: Orthodox Carpatho-Russia: The People From Nowhere] which includes ''The Hieromartyr Maxim and His Age''
*[http://www.lemko.org/religion/maxim/ Holy New Hieromartyr Maximus Sandovich: His Life and Martyrdom]
*[http://www.holycross-hermitage.com/pages/Orthodox_Life/fr_maxim.htm The Persecution and Death of Fr. Maxim Sandovich: A 20th Century Carpatho-Russian Martyr for Orthodoxy]
*[http://www.comeandseeicons.com/zcj06.htm St. Maxim Sandovich]
*[http://www.networks-now.net/litresswraoc/LRPSandovich.htm St. Maximus Sandovich]
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103799 Hieromartyr Maxim Sandovich] (an [[icon]] from the [[OCA]] website)

[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Priests]]

Gorazd (Pavlik) of Prague

2006-06-25T00:56:59Z

Stmitrophan:

Our father among the [[saint]]s [[Bishop]] '''Gorazd (Pavlik) of Prague''' was the [[hierarch]] of the revived Orthodox Church in Moravia, the Church of Czechoslovakia, after World War I. During World War II, having provided refuge for the assassins of SS-Obergruppenfuher Reinhard Heydrich, called ''The Butcher of Prague'', in the [[cathedral]] of [[Ss. Cyril and Methodius Cathedral (Prague, Czech Republic)|Ss. Cyril and Methodius]] in Prague, St. Gorazd took full responsibility for protecting the patriots after the Nazi overlords found them in the crypt of the [[cathedral]]. This act guaranteed his execution, thus his [[martyr]]dom, during the reprisals that followed. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[August 22]] (OC) or [[September 4]] (NC).

==Life==
Matthias (or Matej) Pavlik was born on [[May 26]], 1879, in the Moravian town of Hrubavrbka in what would later be the Czech Republic. Born into a [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] society of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Matthias continued into the Roman Catholic theological faculty in Olomouc after finishing his earlier education. He was subsequently [[ordination|ordained]] a [[priest]]. During his studies he was interested in the mission of Ss. [[Cyril and Methodius]] and of Orthodox Christianity. With the end of World War I and the establishment of the new country Czechoslovakia the legal constraints forcing Roman Catholicism were broken. In this environment many people left the Roman church, and many looked to Orthodox Christianity. Fr. Pavlik was among them. The [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]] provided a shelter for those looking to Orthodoxy. As a leader in Moravia, the Church of Serbia agreed to [[Consecration of a bishop|consecrate]] Fr. Pavlik to the episcopate for his homeland. On [[September 24]], 1921, was consecrated [[bishop]] with the name of Gorazd.

Historically, his [[monastic]] name of Gorazd was significant as it was the name of the bishop who succeeded St. Methodius as Bishop of Moravia after he died in 885. Subsequently, [[Pope]] Stephen V drove the [[disciple]]s of St. Methodius from Moravia as the Latin rite was imposed. Thus, by the choice of his monastic name of Gorazd, the continuity of the Orthodox Church in Moravia from some eleven hundred years before was recognized.

[[Archimandrite]] Gorazd was named Bishop of Moravia and Silesia on [[September 24]], 1921, and consecrated bishop on the next day at the Cathedral of the Holy Archangel in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, by [[Patriarch]] [[Dimitri (Pavlovic) of Serbia|Dimitri]].

Over the next decade or so, Bp. Gorazd and his faithful followers organized [[parish]]es and built churches in Bohemia. In all they built eleven churches and two chapels. He had the essential service books translated and published into the Czech language, which was the language used in the church services. With Subcarpatho-Russia and Slovakia part of Czechoslovakia, he assisted many who had returned to their ancestral Orthodox Faith.

With the conquest of Czechoslovakia by the Nazis in 1938, the church was placed under the Orthodox Metropolitan in Berlin, Germany. Assigned as ruler of Czechoslovakia was Reinhard Heydrich, who was reputed to be designated successor to Adolf Hitler. On [[May 27]], 1942, a group of Czech resistance fighters attacked and killed Heydrick as his car slowed down on a curve near the Cathedral of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Prague. In making their escape the group found refuge in the crypt of the Cathedral. When Bp. Gorazd found out a few days later, he recognized the serious position this placed on the Czech Orthodox Church and before he left for the consecration to the episcopate of Fr. John (Gardner) in Berlin he asked that the resistance fighters move elsewhere as soon as possible. However, on [[June 18]], the Nazis found out the hiding places after a betrayal by two members of the resistance group, and the all members of the group were killed.

Reprisals came quickly. The two priests and the senior [[laity|lay]] church officials were arrested. Bp. Gorazd, wishing to help his fellow believers and the Czech Church itself, took the blame for the actions in the Cathedral on himself, even writing letters to the Nazi authorities. But, on [[June 27]], 1942, he was arrested and tortured. On [[September 4]], 1942, Bp. Gorazd, the Cathedral priests and senior lay leaders were executed by firing squad.

The reprisals went much further as the Nazis conducted widespread roundups of Czechs, including the whole village of Lidice, then summarily killed the men and placed the survivors in forced labor camps. The Orthodox churches in Moravia and Bohemia were closed and the Church forbidden to operate. Metropolitan Seraphim courageously refused to issue any statement condemning Bp. Gorazd. It wasn't until the end of the war that the Orthodox Church in Czechoslovakia would function again.

==Glorification==
By these actions by the Orthodox Faithful, who, led by their bishop, proved the qualities of their little church in bravery and devotion to matters of justice and showed how firmly it was connected to the Czech nation. On [[May 4]], 1961, the Serbian Orthodox Church recognized Bp. Gorazd as a [[New Martyrs|new martyr]], and on [[August 24]], 1987, he was [[glorification|glorified]] in the Cathedral of St. Gorazd in Olomouc in Moravia.

==External links==
*[http://orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/czech/former.htm#gorazd_pavlik_arch_prague Listing] at the Orthodox Research Institute
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=102375 Martyr Gorazd of Prague, Bohemia and Moravo-Cilezsk] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/oeczech.htm "A Twentieth Century Western Orthodox Missionary"] by Monk Gorazd

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Talk:January 3

2006-03-28T12:52:42Z

Stmitrophan:

Thomas of Lesbo should be Thomais of Lesbo. The saint is a woman. See http://www.arimathea.co.uk/thomais.htm

Talk:August 15

2006-03-08T14:25:19Z

Stmitrophan:

I noticed you have listed Abbess Rufina of Harbin and Shanghai (1937). I got information from a ROCOR priest that she is not a saint, but is prayed for everyday in San Francisco, Jordanville, and probably the Synod Cathedral also, and in Jerusalem.

: I'm not sure what the source was for that commemoration. Anyone know? {{User:ASDamick/sig}} 14:18, February 25, 2006 (CST)

I found out she was first listed in the St Herman Calendar, and they gave a reason for her listing as a reminder to pray for her on the anniversary of her repose, which also applies to the other departed righteous ones on their calendar. I'm guessing all the other names listed in your calendar should be double-checked against the St Herman Calendar to make sure the distinction is somehow made for those righteous ones meant for commemoration of the departed at the liturgy, probably with their names in italics and a footnote explaining it. I found a website that does italicize the names of the righteous ones to be commemorated at http://www.holynameabbey.org/Aug.htm

This is their reponse:

> Dear Mitrophan, 
> If you've seen our calendar, at the end of the list of saints, in 
> italic letters, it includes righteous ones who have not been canonized but 
> are well known for their holy life and struggles for God. This is so they 
> may be commemorated at the Liturgy on their memory day, and for informing 
> the faithful so they may pray for their souls. This same thing is done in 
> calendars published in ROCOR as well. 
> It was, and is, in this way that Abbess Rufina of Harbin is included 
> in our calendar. 
> 
> Sincerely, 
> St. Herman Press 

The source commemoration is from the [http://pomog.org/index.html?saintlist.shtml Complete List of Saints] from the website of the Protection of the Mother of God Church ([[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia|ROCOR]]) in Rochester, New York. {{User:Magda/sig}} 07:37, February 28, 2006 (CST)

I've compiled a list at http://orthodox.cn/calendar/repose_en.htm

Talk:August 15

2006-02-26T03:30:28Z

Stmitrophan:

User:Stmitrophan

2006-02-26T02:22:12Z

Stmitrophan:

webmaster for [http://orthodox.cn Orthodox.cn] 
project coordinator for Chinese Translation Project of the Prologue from Ohrid [http://prologue.orthodox.cn Prologue.orthodox.cn] 
parishioner of [http://www.stmaryorthodoxchurch.org St Mary's Antiochian Orthodox Church]

User:Stmitrophan

2006-02-26T02:20:49Z

Stmitrophan:

webmaster for orthodox.cn
project coordinator for Chinese Translation Project of the Prologue from Ohrid prologue.orthodox.cn
parishioner of St Mary's Antiochian Orthodox Church www.stmaryorthodoxchurch.org

Talk:August 15

2006-02-26T02:18:23Z

Stmitrophan:

I noticed you have listed Abbess Rufina of Harbin and Shanghai (1937). I got information from a ROCOR priest that she is not a saint, but is prayed for everyday in San Francisco, Jordanville, and probably the Synod Cathedral also, and in Jerusalem.

: I'm not sure what the source was for that commemoration. Anyone know? {{User:ASDamick/sig}} 14:18, February 25, 2006 (CST)

I found out she was first listed in the St Herman Calendar, and they gave a reason for her listing as a reminder to pray for her on the anniversary of her repose, which also applies to the other departed righteous ones on their calendar. I'm guessing all the other names listed in your calendar should be double-checked against the St Herman Calendar to make sure the distinction is somehow made for those righteous ones meant for commemoration of the departed at the liturgy, probably with their names in italics and a footnote explaining it.

This is their reponse:

> Dear Mitrophan, 
> If you've seen our calendar, at the end of the list of saints, in 
> italic letters, it includes righteous ones who have not been canonized but 
> are well known for their holy life and struggles for God. This is so they 
> may be commemorated at the Liturgy on their memory day, and for informing 
> the faithful so they may pray for their souls. This same thing is done in 
> calendars published in ROCOR as well. 
> It was, and is, in this way that Abbess Rufina of Harbin is included 
> in our calendar. 
> 
> Sincerely, 
> St. Herman Press