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Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington

2011-06-06T18:59:49Z

INK:

[[Image:Jonah Paffhausen.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Metr. Jonah at his election as metropolitan]]
His Beatitude, the Most Blessed '''Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington''' is the [[primate]] of the [[Orthodox Church in America]] (OCA). He was elected as metropolitan on [[November 12]], 2008, and was formally [[enthronement|enthroned]] on [[December 28]], 2008, in Washington, D.C. Metr. Jonah is also the first convert to the Orthodox faith to be elected as the OCA's primate.

==Life==
James Paffhausen was born in Chicago, Illinois, and baptized into the Episcopal Church. His family later moved to La Jolla, California, near San Diego. In 1978, he was received into the Orthodox Church at Our Lady of Kazan Church ([[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]]) while studying at the University of California - San Diego. James later transferred to UC - Santa Cruz and helped to establish an [[OCF]] chapter there.

After graduation from UCSC, James went on to study at [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary]], graduating in 1985 with an M.Div. and again in 1988 with an M.Th. in Dogmatic Theology. In 1989, he began doctoral studies at Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, but interrupted his studies to spend a year in Russia, working for ''Russkiy Palomnik'' in the publishing arm of the Moscow Patriarchate. During his time in Russia, he was introduced to Russian spirituality and its particular form of monastic life.

He eventually joined [[Valaam Monastery]] as a [[novice]], coming under the spiritual direction of Archimandrite [[Pancras (Zherdev) of Valaam|Pankratiy]], the monastery's [[abbot]]. Fr. Pankratiy's spiritual father, Elder [[Cyril (Pavlov)|Kyrill]] of [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra]], later blessed James to become a [[hieromonk]].

In 1994, James was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[deacon|diaconate]] and [[priest]]hood, and then in the following year, he was [[tonsure]]d a monastic at [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|St. Tikhon's Monastery]], South Canaan, Pennsylvania, receiving the name Jonah.

Hmk. Jonah returned to his home state of California, serving a number of mission [[parish]]es there and later given the obedience to establish a monastery. In 1996, [[St. John of San Francisco Monastery (Manton, California)|St. John of San Francisco Monastery]] was founded in Point Reyes, California (later moving to Manton). During his tenure as abbot, Fr. Jonah grew the monastic community to more than fifteen members. In this period, he also worked to establish Californian missions in Merced, Sonora, Chico, Eureka, Redding, and Susanville, among others, and in Kona, Hawaii.

In 2008, Fr. Jonah was elevated to the rank of [[archimandrite]] and sent from the monastery to take on the duties of being an [[auxiliary bishop]] for the OCA's [[Diocese of the South (OCA)|Diocese of the South]]. In September of that year, he was officially elected to that position, and then on [[November 1]] [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] in Dallas as Bishop of Fort Worth, led by Abp. [[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas]], then ''[[locum tenens]]'' of the OCA's metropolitan see.

Eleven days later, on [[November 12]], Bishop Jonah was elected Metropolitan of the OCA at the 15th All-American Council of the Orthodox Church in America in Pittsburgh. His formal [[enthronement]] in Washington, D.C., was on [[December 28]], 2008, at [[St. Nicholas Cathedral (Washington, D.C.)|St. Nicholas Cathedral]].

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=''founding [[abbot]]''|
title=Abbot of the [[St. John of San Francisco Monastery (Manton, California)|Monastery of St. John of San Francisco]]|
years=1996-2008|
after=[[Meletios (Webber)]]}}
{{succession|
before=''new creation''|
title=Bishop of Fort Worth (OCA)|
years=2008|
after=—}}
{{succession|
before=[[Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York|Herman (Swaiko)]]|
title=[[Diocese of Washington and New York (OCA)|Archbishop of Washington and New York]], [[OCA|Metropolitan of All America and Canada (OCA)]]|
years=2008-2009|
after=[[Michael (Dahulich) of New York|Michael (Dahulich)]] ''Bishop of New York and New Jersey''}}
{{succession|
before=—|
title=[[Diocese of Washington (OCA)|Archbishop of Washington]], [[OCA|Metropolitan of All America and Canada (OCA)]]|
years=2009-present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
*"[http://www.oca.org/news/1681 Archimandrite Jonah (Paffhausen) consecrated Bishop of Fort Worth and Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of the South]", OCA News & Events
*"[http://www.oca.org/news/1693 Bishop Jonah of Fort Worth Elected Metropolitan of All America and Canada]"

==External links==
*[http://www.oca.org/HSbiojonah.asp?SID=7 Official biography], from the [[OCA]] website
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/8135007@N03/sets/72157608623682945/ Consecration of Bishop Jonah] (photographs)
*[http://www.monasteryofstjohn.org/ Monastery of St. John of San Francisco], where Metr. Jonah was abbot for 12 years
*[http://www.post-gazette.com/multimedia/?videoID=101187 Orthodox Church in America selects new Metropolitan] (video), from the ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''

===Written works===
*[http://www.oca.org/metropolitan-jonah.html Official statements, speeches, etc.], from the [[OCA]] website
*[http://www.monasteryofstjohn.org/articles.htm Writings and Talks], from St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco Monastery
*[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-religion/1403441/posts Five Good Reasons NOT to Visit a Monastery], from ''Again'' magazine
*[http://www.dosoca.org/files/08%20Assembly/AbbatialEditorialCollection.pdf Perspectives on Orthodoxy in America] (editorials from ''Divine Ascent'')
*[http://www.ctlibrary.com/rq/1997/winter/3125.html The Eternal Liturgy: Worship in the Orthodox Tradition], from ''re:generation Quarterly''
*[http://www.orthodoxnews.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Features.one&content_id=9859&CFID=72092943&CFTOKEN=53644936&tp_preview=true The Doors of Repentance]: The Journey of the Holy Order of MANS/Christ the Saviour Brotherhood and the [[St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood]] into the Canonical Orthodox Church, from ''Again'' magazine
*[http://www.oca.org/PDF/metropolitan-jonah/MJ.Episcopacy_Primacy_Mother%20Churches.pdf Episcopacy, Primacy and the Mother Churches: A Monastic Perspective]] (from a meeting of the [[Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius]]) (2008)
*[http://www.oca.org/jonah-acceptance.html Acceptance speech], at his election as auxiliary bishop of Fort Worth

===Audio recordings===
*"The Path to Prayer": [http://iconnewmedianetwork.com/2008/01/14/fr-jonah-paffhausen-the-path-to-prayer-part-1/ Part 1], [http://iconnewmedianetwork.com/2008/01/21/the-path-to-prayer-part-2-do-not-react-qa/ Part 2: "Do Not React," Q&A], [http://iconnewmedianetwork.com/2008/01/28/the-path-to-prayer-part-3-do-not-resent/ Part 3: "Do Not Resent"], [http://iconnewmedianetwork.com/2008/02/04/the-path-to-prayer-part-4-keep-inner-stillness/ Part 4: "Keep Inner Stillness"], [http://iconnewmedianetwork.com/2008/05/19/the-path-to-prayer-part-5-keep-inner-stillness-qa/ Part 5: "Keep Inner Stillness" (cont'd), Q&A] (February 2008)
*From Ancient Faith Radio
**Interview on the Jesus Prayer: [http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/ourlife/interview_with_abbot_jonah_on_the_jesus_prayer_part_1/ Part 1], [http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/ourlife/interview_with_fr_jonah_on_the_jesus_prayer_part_2/ Part 2] (2007)
**[http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/ourlife/fr_jonah_on_monasticism/ Interview on Monasticism] (2007)
**Interview on the Healing of the Human Person: [http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/ourlife/father_jonah_on_the_healing_of_the_human_person_part_1/ Part 1], [http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/ourlife/father_jonah_on_the_healing_of_the_human_person_part_2/ Part 2] (2007)
**[http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/ourlife/fr_jonah_on_why_be_a_monk/ Interview on Why Be a Monk] (2007)
**[http://audio.ancientfaith.com/specials/svs/paffhausen.mp3 Episcopacy, Primacy and the Mother Churches: A Monastic Perspective]] (from a meeting of the [[Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius]]) (2008)
** From the 15th All-American Council (2008)
***[http://audio.ancientfaith.com/specials/aac2008/aac_2008-11-11bpjonah.mp3 Remarks], addressing moving forward after the OCA scandals (the night before his election)
***[http://audio.ancientfaith.com/specials/aac2008/aac_2008-11-12-metjonah_interview.mp3 Interview after election as metropolitan]
***[http://audio.ancientfaith.com/specials/aac2008/aac_2008-11-12_metjonah_vision.mp3 Vision for the Future]
*[http://www.stspress.com/detail.aspx?ID=2746 From Psychology to Spirituality] (CD set)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Fort Worth]]
[[Category:Bishops of New York]]
[[Category:Bishops of Washington]]
[[Category:Metropolitans of the OCA]]
[[Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity|Paffhausen]]

Cyril (Pavlov)

2011-06-06T18:55:43Z

INK:

[[archimandrite|Archimandrite]] '''Cyril (Pavlov)''' (Russian: Кирилл (Павлов)), born as John Dmitrievich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Дмитриевич Павлов), on [[October 8]], 1919, in the village of Makovskie Vyselki of the Riazan' region of [[w:Russia|Russia]], is the brotherhood confessor of the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Trinity-Sergius Lavra]] and one of the most esteemed [[elder|elders]] in the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] of the late 20th-early 21th century.

==Early life and WWII==

He was born and raised in a peasant Orthodox family. According to him, "since 12 years of age [I] lived in an atmosphere of unbelief, at my brother's, and lost my spirituality."

His return to spiritual life occurred during World War II. From the very start of the war he participated in military operations as a soldier, an infantry sergeant. The hardest wartime trial for the 22-year-old was the expectation of the [[w:Battle of Stalingrad|Battle of Stalingrad]], sitting in a trench, amid snow, almost without water and food, under constant enemy fire for nearly a month. As he recounted:

"...When churches began to be reopened [during WWII], there was such a revival among the people. The people went to churches. After the Battle of Stalingrad, when we arrived to the Tambov forests for recuperation, on one Sunday I went to Tambov. There was only one church opened there. The cathedral was all bare, only walls... And chock-full of people. I was in military uniform, in an overcoat. The priest, [[Innocent (Leoferov) of Kalinin|Fr. John, who later became Bishop Innocent of Kalinin]], said such a moving sermon, that everyone, all the people in the church, - wept aloud."

Then, soon after the liberation of Stalingrad, a decisive event changed in his life. Once, keeping watch amid the ruins, he found a book among the rubbish. It was the [[Gospel]]. Thereafter, he recalled that "I went with the Gospel and did not fear... The Lord was close to me, and I feared nothing." With his unit he advanced to [[w:Austria|Austria]], in 1946 was demobilized in [[w:Hungary|Hungary]], and arrived in [[w:Moscow|Moscow]].

==Ecclesiastical service==

On arrival to Moscow he presently inquired at the [[Theophany Orthodox cathedral in Elokhovo (Moscow, Russia)|Elokhovo cathedral]] whether there were any theological schools open, and was sent to the [[Moscow theological seminary]]. After graduation he went on to study at the [[Moscow theological academy]]. In 1953 or 1954 he received [[monasticism|monastic]] [[tonsure]] at the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Trinity-Sergius Lavra]]. On graduation from the academy in 1954 he was already a [[hieromonk]].

Since 1954 he served at the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Trinity-Sergius Lavra]]. First as an altar-server, since 1965 to the present - as the brotherhood confessor, since 1970 - as the treasurer.

Author of many sermons and instructions, he had become a confessor to a multitude of leading figures of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], including three Patriarchs of Moscow and All Rus' - [[Alexei I (Simansky) of Moscow|Alexis I]], [[Pimen I (Izvekov) of Moscow|Poemen]] and [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexis II]]. Among his spiritual children is reported Bishop [[Pancras (Zherdev) of Valaam|Pancras of Valaam]], and it was elder Cyril who is said to have blessed a young American [[Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington|James Paffhausen, the future Metropolitan Jonah]], to become a hieromonk in early 1990's. [http://www.oca.org/HSbiojonah.asp?SID=7]

==Source==

*[http://drevo-info.ru/articles/13845.html#b1 "Кирилл (Павлов)," open Orthodox encyclopedia "Drevo" (rus.)]

[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category:Elders]]

Cyril (Pavlov)

2011-06-06T18:50:54Z

INK: New page: Archimandrite '''Cyril (Pavlov)''' (Russian: Кирилл (Павлов)), born as John Dmitrievich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Дмитриевич Павлов), on [[Oct...

[[archimandrite|Archimandrite]] '''Cyril (Pavlov)''' (Russian: Кирилл (Павлов)), born as John Dmitrievich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Дмитриевич Павлов), on [[October 8]], 1919, in the village of Makovskie Vyselki of the Riazan' region of [[w:Russia|Russia]], is the brotherhood confessor of the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Trinity-Sergius Lavra]] and one of the most esteemed [[elder|elders]] in the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] of the late 20th-early 21th century.

==Early life and WWII==

He was born and raised in a peasant Orthodox family. According to him, "since 12 years of age [I] lived in an atmosphere of unbelief, at my brother's, and lost my spirituality."

His return to spiritual life occurred during World War II. From the very start of the war he participated in military operations as a soldier, an infantry sergeant. The hardest wartime trial for the 22-year-old was the expectation of the [[w:Battle of Stalingrad|Battle of Stalingrad]], sitting in a trench, amid snow, almost without water and food, under constant enemy fire for nearly a month. As he recounted:

"...When churches began to be reopened [during WWII], there was such a revival among the people. The people went to churches. After the Battle of Stalingrad, when we arrived to the Tambov forests for recuperation, on one Sunday I went to Tambov. There was only one church opened there. The cathedral was all bare, only walls... And chock-full of people. I was in military uniform, in an overcoat. The priest, [[Innocent (Leoferov) of Kalinin|Fr. John, who later became Bishop Innocent of Kalinin]], said such a moving sermon, that everyone, all the people in the church, - wept aloud."

Then, soon after the liberation of Stalingrad, a decisive event changed in his life. Once, keeping watch amid the ruins, he found a book among the rubbish. It was the [[Gospel]]. Thereafter, he recalled that "I went with the Gospel and did not fear... The Lord was close to me, and I feared nothing." With his unit he advanced to [[w:Austria|Austria]], in 1946 was demobilized in [[w:Hungary|Hungary]], and arrived in [[w:Moscow|Moscow]].

==Ecclesiastical service==

On arrival to Moscow he presently inquired at the [[Theophany Orthodox cathedral in Elokhovo (Moscow, Russia)|Elokhovo cathedral]] whether there were any theological schools open, and was sent to the [[Moscow theological seminary]]. After graduation he went on to study at the [[Moscow theological academy]]. In 1953 or 1954 he received [[monasticism|monastic]] [[tonsure]] at the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Trinity-Sergius Lavra]]. On graduation from the academy in 1954 he was already a [[hieromonk]].

Since 1954 he served at the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Trinity-Sergius Lavra]]. First as a altar-server, since 1965 to the present - as the brotherhood confessor, since 1970 - as the treasurer.

Author of many sermons and instructions, he had become a confessor to a multitude of leading figures of the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], including three Patriarchs of Moscow and All Rus' - [[Alexei I (Simansky) of Moscow|Alexis I]], [[Pimen I (Izvekov) of Moscow|Poemen]] and [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow|Alexis II]]. Among his spiritual children is reported Bishop [[Pancratius (Zherdev) of Valaam|Pancratius of Valaam]], and it was elder Cyril who is said to have blessed a young American [[Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington|James Paffhausen, the future Metropolitan Jonah]], to become a hieromonk in early 1990's. [http://www.oca.org/HSbiojonah.asp?SID=7]

==Source==

*[http://drevo-info.ru/articles/13845.html#b1 "Кирилл (Павлов)," open Orthodox encyclopedia "Drevo" (rus.)]

[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category:Elders]]

OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza

2011-01-14T02:09:11Z

INK: /* World map of Orthodox jurisdictions */

In a monastery, a '''[[refectory|trapeza]]''' (or ''refectory''), is the dining hall where monks and pilgrims gather for food and conversation (although monks don't usually talk during meals). The OrthodoxWiki trapeza serves as the main discussion point for our website. Please feel free to join in—ask anything, suggest an idea, make a comment. We're glad to have you here. For other, more specifically designated discussion pages, check out the [[OrthodoxWiki:Community Portal|Community Portal]].

'''If you have questions or comments about specific articles''', please direct them to the Talk pages of those articles so that they will be seen by editors working on them.

[[Category:OrthodoxWiki]] [[bg:Project:Трапеза]] [[el:OrthodoxWiki:Τράπεζα]] [[fr:OrthodoxWiki:La Cafétéria]] [[mk:Православна-енциклопедија:Трпеза]] [[ro:OrthodoxWiki:Cafenea]]

* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 1|Archive 1]], Feb 2005 – Dec 2005 (formerly the [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=OrthodoxWiki:Anything_Goes&oldid=22917 Anything Goes] page)
* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 2|Archive 2]], Feb 2005 – Aug 2006 (formerly the [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=OrthodoxWiki:Questions&oldid=37973 Questions] page)
* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 3|Archive 3]], Oct 2005 – Aug 2006 (moved from [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page&oldid=37962 Talk:Main Page])
* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 4|Archive 4]], Aug 2006 – Dec 2006 (2006 Trapeza archive)
* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 5|Archive 5]], through November 2008

<center>
Please sign and date your comments by adding four tildes at the end: <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>
{| style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa"
|'''[http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza&action=edit&section=new Add new post]'''
|}
</center>

== Closing down OrthodoxSource and SR ==
Friends, I apologize for being absent for awhile. Please let me know if you have any outstanding wiki issues you need to resolve! 
As of today, I am shutting down OrthodoxSource. Apologies to IXThis888, who has put in a good deal of work. However, there was not enough of a community of contibutors and moderators there, and I think it would be better for us all at this point to keep the focus on this wiki. Also, I will likely be shutting down SR soon. There has been no activity there for a long time, and I'm afraid that the required documents (about copyrights and policies) were never translated. — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk]) 12:45, November 25, 2008 (UTC)

== questions ==
hi, i have photos of the raifa monastary i would like to upload as well as a convent neasr yoshkar ola russia which i do not beleive yet has an article how would i create a new article for this? {{unsigned|Kharaku}}
:Hello, on the left hand side of your screen ... scroll down until you see the words
"upload file" .. then follow the steps ...its not too hard and always someone will help you categorise your work ... Good luck! [[User:Ixthis888|Vasiliki]] 01:16, November 29, 2008 (UTC)

== Adding a Photo.... ==

I have been wanting to post my photo, but do not know HTML.
Could someone please give me a tip on how to do this?

Thanks! {{unsigned|Jacifus}}

: Give a thorough read to the materials linked in the welcome message on your talk page. There's plenty there that should help. —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] ('''[[User:ASDamick/Wiki-philosophy|THINK!]]''') 23:56, December 3, 2008 (UTC)

==Seminarian input==
Over at Citizendium, there is a programme whereby faculty at various universities enjoin their students to post their work. I was wondering if it would make sense here to start publishing seminarians' papers. They come with faculty oversight and would be of sufficient quality to support reliability here. [[User:Thomas Simmons|Thomas Simmons]] 09:28, December 19, 2008 (PST)

:There is also a Wiki Site called "Patristic Wiki" that you should look at. Father John set it up recently (mid-November I think) and they are asking for people to contribute in regards to patristic related stuff .... 22:47, December 18, 2008 (UTC)

:: 1. This is not really a place for papers, but for encyclopedia articles. If seminarians wish to write Orthodox encyclopedia articles here, they are welcome to do so.

:: 2. PatristicsWiki is not connected with OrthodoxWiki and, as far as I know, not set up by (our) Fr. John. —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] ('''[[User:ASDamick/Wiki-philosophy|THINK!]]''') 01:54, December 19, 2008 (UTC)

:::Hi, I know that PatristicWiki is not linked with OrthodoxWiki but I mentioned it since I presume that everyone's core intention is to spread Orthodoxy in the way they know how ... who you are affiliated with wrt posting information publically is irrelevant as long as the end users are connected to God and the Truth. I had the impression (our) Father John was involved with it ... since, he monitors the emails for the Ancient Faith podcast that Dcn Matthew has been delivering - and he is from Monachos.net So doh! [[User:Ixthis888|Vasiliki]] 04:03, December 19, 2008 (UTC)

== ROK's Basic Teaching on Human Dignity, Freedom and Rights ==
I learnt recently the Russian Church adopted a [http://www.mospat.ru/index.php?mid=463 Basic Teaching on Human Dignity, Freedom and Rights]. Metropolitan Kyrill held a [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=documents&div=65 speech] at a conference in Vienna in 2006 where he said this teaching is meaningful to all christans and at the UN Human Rights Council he [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=documents&div=121 said] in 2008 adoption of human rights is unsuccessful because it fades out moral. I believe this is important. Would there be interest to have an article on this topic?{{unsigned|Haiduk}}

:Perhaps you should make it a "sub-topic" under the [[Church of Russia]] since it is specific to their jurisdiction? I will give it a shot first if you want and then you can come in and edit??? Remember to sign your posts with three tilde (~) signs. [[User:Ixthis888|Vasiliki]] 00:45, December 19, 2008 (UTC)

:: I'm glad with just doing a revision. I agree adding it to [[Church of Russia]] would be adequate. It's up to you to follow Fr. Andrew advice or convince him, if that is possible [[User:Haiduk|Haiduk]]
::Honestly now, with no mucking around and with respect to Father Andrew its not MY job to convince and neither do I want to convince him since I trust what he is telling me :) However, if you wish to ..since it is your own idea ...go ahead. I merely was trying to be helpful but if its not appropriate for an article I can only just go with the guy who holds the petraxili .... :) [[User:Ixthis888|Vasiliki]] 14:30, December 19, 2008 (UTC)
:: Well, my salvation is not dependent on having such an article at OrthodoxWiki. I just wanted to ensure information about this declaration finds it's way into this community. I guess (since it is not easy to write a reasonable article on this subject) it might be better to forward it to english language blogs or forums such as monachos.net. --[[User:Haiduk|Haiduk]] 16:34, December 20, 2008 (UTC)

: That's interesting, but it's really more fit for a newspaper than an encyclopedia. —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] ('''[[User:ASDamick/Wiki-philosophy|THINK!]]''') 02:27, December 19, 2008 (UTC)

==Orthodoxy in Italy==
I think it is completely inapropriate to use the title [[Orthodox Church in Italy]] for a non official orthodox church, that exists only 17 years, when in Italy orthodoxy has a history for many centuries. As far as I can see there is an article referred to [[Gennadios (Zervos) of Italy and Malta]] (the primate of the '''diocese of Italy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate'''), but there isn't an article for his archdiocese "Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy". Also in the english and italian wikipedia the problem is the same. It seems as if the users who created the "Orthodox Church in Italy" articles were really quickly to catch the title! But it should remain like this? I think no. And it is, in my point of view completely unacceptable if that happens also in the "Orthodoxwiki".--[[User:Sp!ros|Sp!ros]] 21:27, December 29, 2008 (UTC)

: Generally, we use whatever titles such groups give themselves, noting within the article that they are not in communion with mainstream Orthodoxy, etc.

: In any event, I have removed the redirect and changed all the links to [[Chiesa Ortodossa in Italia]].

: You would be most welcome to provide the articles that you suggest are needed. —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] ('''[[User:ASDamick/Wiki-philosophy|THINK!]]''') 20:58, December 31, 2008 (UTC)

== Archbishop Nikitas (Lulias) Cekal Archimandrit Daniel Bambang Dwi Biantoro ==

Pada Februari 2007 lalu, Metropolitan Orthodox Hongkong dan Asia Tenggara, '''His Eminence Nikitas Lulias''' mengeluarkan keputusan pencekalan (pembebas-tugas-an) terhadap '''Archimandrit Daniel Bambang Dwi Biantoro''', yang artinya Archimandrit Daniel Bambang tidak diperkenankan lagi (''suspended'') untuk berbicara, melakukan tugas penggembalaan jemaat atas nama gereja. Meskipun archimandrit Daniel mengklaim dirinya menjadi bagian dari satu gereja tertentu, tapi yang bersangkutan tidak lagi menerima putusan/ ketetapan (''Canonical Release'')dari Gereja sebagaimana disyaratkan. Hal ini atas sepengetahuan '''Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.''' {{unsigned|Maruli}}

: I'm honestly not sure what language this is, but unless you post here in English, you're not likely to get too many responses. —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] ('''[[User:ASDamick/Wiki-philosophy|THINK!]]''') 18:46, January 4, 2009 (UTC)

::It's Indonesian. Here's an English rendering (thanks to the ever-improving Google Translate) -- "In February 2007, the Orthodox Metropolitan Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, His Eminence Nikitas Lulias-ban issue a decision (liberator-task-an) of Archimandrit Daniel Bambang Dwi Biantoro, which means Archimandrit Daniel Bambang not be more (suspended) to speak, doing penggembalaan of the church in the name of the church. Although Daniel archimandrit claimed himself to be part of a particular church, but they no longer receive the decision / provisions (Canonical Release) from the Church, as required. This top sepengetahuan Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople." — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk]) 02:05, January 5, 2009 (UTC)

== Churches in Melbourne ==

I plan on uploading around one hundred photographs of churches in Melbourne to [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greek_Orthodox_churches_in_Australia Wikimedia commons] over the next few days. You are free to reuse them; all my work is released into the public domain. Hope to have done all of the Orthodox churches within a few months. [[User:Ottre|Ottre]] 11:55, February 16, 2009 (UTC)

== log in ==

why does no one ever log on and really have discussion on other pages? {{unsigned|Rob}}

: I'm not really sure I understand what you mean. Could you explain a little more? —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] ('''[[User:ASDamick/Wiki-philosophy|THINK!]]''') 22:14, March 9, 2009 (UTC)

== The Cemetery Chapel at Saint Anna's Skete? ==

I'm trying to remember the name of the cemetery chapel at Saint Anna's Skete on the Holy Mountain, the chapel where pilgrims generally worship on weekdays. Does anyone recall which saint the chapel venerates?

Father Andrew, is there a more likely page on this site where I might solicit a response?

Thanks,
Isaak

: Your best bet is at [[Talk:St. Anne's Skete (Athos)]]. It may simply be that no one who knows has yet noticed and commented. —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] ('''[[User:ASDamick/Wiki-philosophy|THINK!]]''') 13:42, March 20, 2009 (UTC)

== John the Forerunner? ==
Hello, I have a question regarding the St. John the Forerunner page. It says something along the lines of, John the Baptist, also known as John the Forerunner... I was wondering if the two names should be switched, since John the Baptist is a more western term? --[[User:Iliada|Iliada]] 00:24, March 20, 2009 (UTC)

: Please direct questions about specific articles to the talk pages of those articles, e.g., [[Talk:John the Forerunner]]. —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] ('''[[User:ASDamick/Wiki-philosophy|THINK!]]''') 13:42, March 20, 2009 (UTC)

==Uploading sound recordings==
I've tried uploading a sound recording (bell ringing) file to Orthodoxwiki Commons and have not been successful. I have tried as a Media file and a Image file, since some vocal music recording on Commons appear to be so uploaded. The recording is an mp3 file, through iTunes on a Mac. All attempts fail and bring up the warning banner of a corrupt, etc., file. I notice that there are no sound files in Commons other than those done originally by Father John last year. Has anyone tried uploading any sound files? Is there a special technique involved, what file ID is used:Media or Image, or other! Or is the upload capability not working for sound files?[[User:Wsk|Wsk]] 13:45, March 23, 2009 (UTC)

== Wiki logo ==

Where is the actual wiki logo? I can't find it because the one in the corner is a link to the main page. Thanks! [[User:Theodoros|Theodoros]] 03:20, March 29, 2009 (UTC)

:Theodoros, do you want it for a link button or something? — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk]) 04:38, March 30, 2009 (UTC)

== choice of a religion ==

Majority of us follow the religion of our parents.We are either circumcised in infancy or recited verses of a particular book in our ears declaring it as our religion before we understand its implications. When we grow up in a particular culture and society we have friends and relative we go along with them to church/synegogue/mandar or masjid.How can we when we are grown up sacrifice all our friends/ relatives by opting for another religion.How can all those whom I loved and cared about can be wrong or I will take the risk of isolation.There is hardly a very little percentage that study different religions and adopt the one that is more convincing or appeals to thier logic.In a survey conducted by me it was revealed that 80% of them have not read the divine book of thier religion in a language that they understand. Their knowledge of their religion was based upon oral communication of a preist or thier parents. We since are infancy are brain washed that we are on the right path and rest every body is an infidel and deserves to be hated or may even be killed.When over 90% of human specie follow the religion by virtue of being born in a particular family and 80% do not read even the divine book of thier religion than what difference does it make that one follows any of the religions.Asif azam

'''Well, I believe it doesn't matter what religion people are. In the Bible, Jesus never says that ONLY Christians get to heaven. One gets to heaven by carrying out Jesus' word: feeding the hungry, clothing the naked... --[[User:Iliada|Iliada]] 10:45, May 12, 2009 (UTC)
'''

: Hello! I wouldn't want to explain too much here, just wanted to warmly greet you and note that you are right about most of the things. You are very fortunate to be born as an Orthodox Greek, and I believe you will be able to find a good priest near you, who can talk to you about the things you wrote here. Not everyone is so lucky to inherit from the ancestors the true faith and true worship.

: ''We since are infancy are brain washed that we are on the right path and rest every body is an infidel and deserves to be hated or may even be killed.'' - I would think the opposite, that it is not the orthodox christian family and church that brainwashes us, but rather the "other" culture is having a great influence on us. And, of course, you won't be able to find hatred and "deserves to be killed" attitude in the orthodox church and family (if you still manage to do so, that would be an exception). Actually - what you are saying is a good example of that :-)

: However, this is an encyclopaedia, a virtual community, the real community is in the church. Gia sou. [[User:K.panteleimon|K.panteleimon]] 20:12, June 24, 2009 (UTC)

== New Orthodox Website Alert ==

Hey all, a new orthodox website has been launched ... you might all like to take a look and if anyone knows if this site needs to be referenced within any OrthodoxWiki articles can you please add as a link (if you know where).

http://www.orthodoxmysteries.com

== List of Orthodox churches in a particular region ==
I recall that we had a discussion at one point about taking the lists off OW where possible - what was the outcome of this discussion? — by [[User:Pistevo|Pιsτévο]] ''[[User talk:Pistevo|talk]]'' ''[[User talk:Pistevo/dev/null|complaints]]'' at 00:13, May 23, 2009 (UTC)

== National Saints? ==

I couldn't find a discussion on this issue elsewhere, sorry if I repeat an issue which has already been elaborated.

The whole concept of ''national saints'' is odd to the (orthodox) christian mindset. We believe that in the Church ''there is neither Jew nor Greek'' (Gal. 3, 28).

It can also bring not little confusion, and potentially - uneccessary and unfruitful nationalistic quarrels. Look, for example, at the Saints pages on different languages - you'll find that saints listed in one national category in one language, are listed under a different nation in another language - because each nation tends to claim the saint its own.

The correct and orthodox approach is seen on the greek version of OrthodoxWiki - where the saints are categorized as we mention them in the Church - as Apostles, Martyrs, Monks etc. I guess that's why the national category ''Greek'' is missing - (metanoia to the greeks for that)!

Thus, I would like to suggest that the Saints categories of each language are reworked and the national prefix is removed. Of course the national origin of the saint can be mentioned in the text (although it can often be easily disputed), but it is not something that can categorize a saint.

[[User:K.panteleimon|K.panteleimon]] 21:19, May 31, 2009 (UTC)

:As a Greek Orthodox, I grew up knowing Saints for who they where and what they did ... just like you point out ... this idea of "national" saints was introduced to me through the internet - it goes to show that bad habits can spring up from internet as well as the good things. If the administrators are happy to change this philosophy of "nationalism" I am happy to put in the work to change all the articles ... but there would need to be some sort of discussion between the administrators about it. [[User:Ixthis888|Vasiliki]] 02:45, June 1, 2009 (UTC)

:: The grouping of saints into such categories is not for the purpose of nationalism, ethnocentricity, etc. Rather, it is simply for the usefulness of being able to find saints associated with particular geographic areas.

:: The saints are, of course, universal in a theological sense. But people from Corfu, for instance, have a great veneration for St. Spyridon because of his association with that actual place. At my parish, we venerate [[Raphael of Brooklyn]] because he founded it.

:: I'm of the opinion that we might want to rename the various categories to indicate place-names rather than what at least for now appears to be ethnic designations. (Mind you, some designations have no real ethnicity attached to them, e.g. "American" or "Australian.") —[[User:ASDamick|Fr. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] ('''[[User:ASDamick/Wiki-philosophy|THINK!]]''') 22:21, June 1, 2009 (UTC)

:Without contradicting the main of what you were saying - the concept of saints as being particularly ''from'' a particular area isn't exactly new. Aside from the concept of patron saints of a country, there are numerous icons and feastdays celebrating All Saints of [Nation/Island/Mountain/Geographic Area] - usual commemoration for this is the sunday after All Saints. — by [[User:Pistevo|Pιsτévο]] ''[[User talk:Pistevo|talk]]'' ''[[User talk:Pistevo/dev/null|complaints]]'' at 23:14, June 24, 2009 (UTC)

== OrthodoxWiki on Serbian ==

I am interest to develop a sr.OrthodoxWiki.org page. Would anubody can help me?

: Hi there. There used to be a serbian version, if I'm not wrong, the responsible person was Далибор Ђурић, a theology student at the faculty of Belgrade (That was written on his user page). However, I don't know what exactly Fr. John meant with this [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza#Closing_down_OrthodoxSource_and_SR]] if SR was the serbian version... [[User:K.panteleimon|K.panteleimon]] 20:00, June 23, 2009 (UTC)

::Hi! Yes, we closed it does since it had sat uncared for for a long time and didn't have much content to begin with. If you can put a team together, and translate the necessary policy docs, I'd be happy to see this take off again! — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

==Images in Commons and the main Wiki==
Some time ago the file of images that were part of the main body of OrthodoxWiki was transferred to a new sub-set of the Wiki called 'OrthodoxWiki Commons' with instructions that Commons was to be used for uploading images files. But the older set of files remain in the main body and is addressable through the 'Starting points' of the Main Page of OrthodoxWiki. One can still upload images to the old file set. Since the original image files are still usable, a number of contributors still use the old images file system and the images are 'lost'!

I suggest that the old file system be removed from OrthodoxWiki and that the Main Page Images 'Starting points' be changes to directly work with the Commons system so that images can be placed in only one system of files. There are a number of image files that need to be transferred from the old file set to Commons, such as those added and used in the article [[Studenica Monastery]].
:Notice now that the Studenica images are in Commons. [[User:Wsk|Wsk]] 19:53, August 20, 2009 (UTC)

I also notice rummaging through the 'cellars' of Commons that some contributors have uploaded articles to Commons that probably should have been uploaded to the main Wiki. In this regard Commons needs a little cleanup. [[User:Wsk|Wsk]] 15:03, August 20, 2009 (UTC)

== The Legal Status of the Ecumenical Patriarchate ==

Interesting site and article:

[http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/The_Legal_Status_of_the_Ecumenical_Patriarchate The Legal Status of the Ecumenical Patriarchate]

[[User:HAP|HAP]] 07:12, September 26, 2009 (UTC)

: More:

: [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Written_question Turkey's delay in introducing protection for the rights of religious minorities]
: [[User:HAP|HAP]] 07:53, October 23, 2009 (UTC)

:: And more:

:: [http://www.ortodoksi.net/images/f/f1/Tr_rapport_2009_en.pdf TURKEY 2009 PROGRESS REPORT, look at pages 22 ->]

:: [[User:HAP|HAP]] 14:14, October 31, 2009 (UTC)

== Hands of Jesus and the Saints in icons ==

I was wondering what the sign Jesus and the saints make with their right hand means. Is it a form of the sign of the cross? Also, why do some vary? I know of two different stlyes. One in which the pinky is up, and other in which it is down. Sometimes the fingers don't touch. Other times the palm is facing in, not out. What is this significance?

== Hands of Jesus and the Saints in icons ==

I was wondering what the sign Jesus and the saints make with their right hand means.
Is it a form of the sign of the cross? Also, why do some vary?
I have seen several different forms of this.
One in which the pinky is up, and other in which it is down.
Sometimes the fingers don't touch.
Other times the palm is facing in, not out.
What is this significance?==Serbian language articles

I believe it is the blessing sign. When Christ,
Saints and Orthodox priests show their hand with the
pinky up they make the famous initials of Christ
IC XC,(meaning Jesus Christ) with their hand. Even when you go to Divine
Liturgy when the priest offers peace to us he does the
sign with his right hand.

==Serbian language articles==
I'm confused! Shouldn't the many Serbian language articles by Dilic be presented in Orthodoxwkl as a separate "Related Site" in Other Languages as are the many others? i.e., Arabic, Bulgarian, etc. [[User:Wsk|Wsk]] 18:06, October 11, 2009 (UTC)

== polish orthodox wiki ==

what do you think about polish orthodox wiki? Could it start running?

== German? ==

I speak and write in German. I would be interested in starting German pages, how would I do so? [[User:Lukasbreen|Lukasbreen]] 03:01, May 7, 2010 (UTC)

==1500 ro articles==
At May 27, 2010, ro.OrthodoxWiki.org achieved 1500 articles. :-) --[[User:Inistea|Inistea]] 23:38, May 27, 2010 (UTC)

==Monastery Sub-Categories==
I notice that we have a mixed definition of placement of monasteries in the monastery sub-categories. There is a mix of monasteries based geographically and "ethnically", that is by jurisdiction. This is confusing and heightens ethnic deviousness, especially in the new worlds. I recommend the sub-category assignments be made on a geographical basis only. [[User:Wsk|Wsk]] 23:51, June 9, 2010 (UTC)

:Hi Wsk, I think it might be helpful to sort by jurisdiction and don't find it divisive. -— [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk]) 04:51, June 10, 2010 (UTC)

==Aubert of Avranches - Orthodox Saint?==
Greetings. I have a question as to whether [[w:Aubert of Avranches|Aubert of Avranches]] (+720) is in the Orthodox Canon of Saints, (Western Church Saint). The Wikipedia article says his feast day is Sept. 10, but I did not find him under that date here in OW. Checked a couple other sites too, no luck. Apparently the Archangel Michael is said to have appeared to him three times. Any idea? (Here is the entry from the Timeline of Church History article):

*709 Bp. [[w:Aubert of Avranches|Aubert of Avranches]] founds the monastery of [[w:Mont Saint-Michel|Mont Saint-Michel]], after the [[Archangel Michael]] appeared him in 708, instructing him to build a church on the rocky islet; [[w:Mont Saint-Michel|Mont Saint-Michel]] becomes popular and prestigious as a centre of pilgrimage.
Cheers, [[User:Angellight 888|Angellight 888]] 21:45, July 17, 2010 (UTC)

==Proposed Category re:Saints==
I was over at the [http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/saintsa.htm OrthodoxEngland] website, and I noticed the very interesting title for the list of saints as '''“Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome”'''. I was thinking it would be nice to have a category to group all the Western Orthodox Saints. It could be called a variety of things, such as '''“Western Orthodox Saints”''', or '''“Western Saints of the Orthodox Church”''', but I think the way it is called at ''Orthodox England'' is far better. I propose we create the category with that name: ''Category:Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome''.

I understand that the need to have such a distinction is not as important here on OW, as say it would be on Wikipedia for example, because on Wikipedia all Orthodox Saints have the sole category “Eastern Orthodox Saints” (apart from a few other ethnicity or geography based categories). To put “Eastern Orthodox Saints” today on say, a Welsh saint, while accurate, is also a touch misleading or ambiguous/not smooth. And so, I am wondering, what would be the best title for such a category? I think it deserves a category of its own. -— Cheers, [[User:Angellight 888|Angellight 888]] 21:45, July 17, 2010 (UTC)

==Psalter==
anyone know anything about the quote on the article titled [Psalter], from "one modern commentator," about the Psalter is the golden thread running through the fabric of Orthodox worship? I'd like to know who said that...I might be able to use it in an essay I'm writing about a completely different topic :)
Thanks,
Manoli

==Thumbnails Error==
I have tried to include images on articles a few times today, and i reciece the follwong error, whether I use the "thumb" syntax or a size syntax (such as 300px)..same error:

:Error creating thumbnail: 
:Warning: passthru() has been disabled for security reasons in
:/home/owiki/public_html/shared/includes/GlobalFunctions.php on line 1839 

Any ideas?
Thanks, [[User:Angellight 888|Angellight 888]] 21:03, August 15, 2010 (UTC)

::Images feature is not functional. Several uploads are not appearing. [[User:Angellight 888|Angellight 888]] 00:34, August 19, 2010 (UTC)

==World map of Orthodox jurisdictions==
I think it would be great to have a world map that shows the boundaries between the canonical territories of the autocephalous and autonomous Churches. Currently these are only described in words in their respective articles, and it's difficult (at least for me) to picture it all in my head. -- [[User:Veshy|Veshy]] 04:40, January 5, 2011 (UTC)

Well, I just made one myself, but I'm not sure all of the canonical borders are correct. Please review it and leave comments:
http://commons.orthodoxwiki.org/Image:World_canonical_territories.png
-- [[User:Veshy|Veshy]] 04:24, January 9, 2011 (UTC)

I think that such a map would be a very useful resource. Thank you for taking up this task! Here are a few general comments:
* Constantinople claims '''all''' lands outside what it considers "established boundaries" of other local Churches. That means Constantinople claims Western and Central Europe, the Far East, the Americas, the Indian subcontinent, South-East Asia, Australia and Oceania as its own. That means all the "grey space" as well as some areas claimed by Russia and OCA.
* The above Constantinopolitan claim, of course, is not accepted by such Churches as Antioch, Russia, Georgia, Rumania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Poland, OCA, and perhaps others, which have their own parishes and monasteries in the "diaspora". So, most of the "grey space" would actually be rainbow-colored.
* There are overlapping jurisdictions in Hungary - in addition to Serbian, there are Russian, Rumanian and Constantinopolitan churches.
* I am not sure Antioch claims anything to the East of Iraq. On the other hand it does claim a bit of southern Turkey.
* Georgian Church, in addition to Georgia proper, claims only small enclaves in northern parts of Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan (here's their ecclesiastical map - http://www.orthodoxy.ge/tsnobarebi/eparkiebis_ruka.jpg)
* Maybe Eastern Europe deserves a close-up - it's hard to distinguish boundaries over there. [[User:INK|INK]] 02:09, January 14, 2011 (UTC)

OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza

2007-02-11T21:00:33Z

INK: /* Cathedral of St. Petersburg, Russia */

In a monastery, a '''[[refectory|trapeza]]''' (or ''refectory''), is the dining hall where monks and pilgrims gather for food and conversation. The OrthodoxWiki trapeza serves as the main discussion point for our website. Please feel free to join in - ask anything, suggest an idea, make a comment. We're glad to have you here. For other, more specifically designated discussion pages, check out the [[OrthodoxWiki:Community Portal|Community Portal]]. [[Category:OrthodoxWiki]]

* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 1|Archive 1]], Feb - Dec 2005 (formerly the [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=OrthodoxWiki:Anything_Goes&oldid=22917 Anything Goes] page)
* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 2|Archive 2]], Feb 2005 - Aug 2006 (formerly the [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=OrthodoxWiki:Questions&oldid=37973 Questions] page)
* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 2|Archive 3]], Oct 2005 - Aug 2006 (moved from [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page&oldid=37962 Talk:Main Page])

<center>
{| style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa"
|'''[http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza&action=edit&section=new Add new post]'''
|}
</center>

== Orthodox Dictionary ==

English - Russian - Greek - Romanian - Finnish - Swedish
-> http://www.ortodoksi.net/dict/search.php
[[User:HAP|HAP]] 00:47, January 5, 2007 (PST)

==Barnstar==
'''Asserted:''' We need to have an OrthodoxWiki [[w:Wikipedia:Barnstars|barnstar]]. —[[User:ASDamick|Dcn. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] 20:06, August 16, 2006 (CDT)
:Go for it! — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

==Project Ideas==
Check out the discussion of project ideas at [[OrthodoxWiki:Project Ideas]].

==The Real Presence==

How about a discussion of the real Presence according to Orthodoxy? It is hard to find good articles on this important topic online, and [[Eucharist]] is too brief in this regard. [[User:Willibald|Willibald]] 23:59, August 23, 2006 (CDT)

==Interwiki==
Hello, I would like to request someone to put in [[MediaWiki:Recentchangestext]] the relevant interwiki '''<nowiki>[[bg:Специални:Recentchanges]]</nowiki>''' to the bulgarian recent changes special page. Thanks.
:P.S. And... I would like to make a proposal: [[:metawikipedia:DPLforum|this extension]] acts like a forum inside the wiki and is better for discussions. [[User:Gregg|Gregg]] 17:38, August 26, 2006 (CDT)
:I've added the interwiki link and installed the forum extension. Haven't tested it out, but let's try it and see how it works. There's a sample forum [http://www.wikia.com/wiki/Forum:Index here]. — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])
::More help about the forum can be found [http://www.wikia.com/wiki/Help:Forums here]. --[[User:Gregg|Gregg]] 00:59, August 31, 2006 (CDT)
[[Category:OrthodoxWiki]]
[[bg:Project:Трапеза]]

== Language Boxes ==

Anyone interested in porting over some of the language templates (the boxes that indicate user proficiency) from Wikipedia? It might be helpful in identifying people re: the various localizations. — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

:I have started to do just that. Here is my personal [[User:Hellenica/Babel|"Babel project"]] with some of the work I've been attempting. I suppose recent changes and my user contributions would also provide a similar look. I hope the progress is satisfactory. [[User:Hellenica|Hellenica]] 21:46, November 30, 2006 (PST)

::I'm definitely liking these wikipedia imports, Hellenica. The language boxes are extremely useful (Spanish, anyone?), and the personal user ones are just fun.[[User:Gabriela|Gabriela]] 20:49, December 1, 2006 (PST)

== Cathedral of St. Petersburg, Russia ==

I've looked throughout the interweb and I simply can't find any place that says what the main cathedral of St. Petersburg is. Is it the Transfiguration? Kazan? I would think St. Isaac's would be "it" but non confirmation. Any help?

~N

*This may not be true today, but in the late Soviet days (1988, when I visited the city) when the present Partriarch Alexei was the diocesan bishop in, then, Leningrad he held services in Trinity Cathedral (the one recently damaged by fire) in the Alexander Nevesky Monastery, Lavra. Then, the Kazan Cathedral was a museum and St Issac's was closed. [[User:Wsk|Wsk]] 12:16, December 3, 2006 (PST)

*It appears to be Kazansky cathedral, re-open in 1998: http://www.kazansky-spb.ru

*Yes, the St. Petersburg Cathedral in honor of the Kazan' icon of the Mother God is the diocesan cathedral according to the Russian "Orthodox Encyclopedia" (http://ezh.sedmitza.ru/index.html?did=64, data up to 2004, with updates since then). The same is listed at the diocesan page on the "Drevo" online encyclopedia (http://drevo.pravbeseda.ru/index.php?id=607).

==Romanian speakers: pls help ro.orthodoxwiki.org project==
If you speak Romanian, please help also [http://ro.orthodoxwiki.org/ ro.orthodoxwiki.org] - Fr.Julian

Dacă vorbiţi româneşte, nu ezitaţi să daţi o mână de ajutor şi proiectului ro: [http://ro.orthodoxwiki.org/ ro.orthodoxwiki.org] - p.iulian [[User:Inistea|Inistea]] 14:30, December 7, 2006 (PST)

== WikEd editing tool ==

I've recently been using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Cacycle/wikEd WikEd tool] on Wikipedia, with success. The author says it should work on other wikis running the latest WikiMedia software, which I know we do. Can someone with more technical knowledge than I take a gander at the page and let me know if the tool would work here? Thanks. --[[User:Cholmes75|cholmes75]] 08:13, December 20, 2006 (PST)

: I just installed it (using the instructions on the page linked above), and it works just fine. For now, just paste the entire code into your User:username/monobook.js page. I don't see any reason why we can't make a template, as they have on en.wikipedia, but someone with more Wiki experience (and probably more authorization, possibly [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]]) needs to make that happen. --[[User:Basil|Basil]] 06:37, January 5, 2007 (PST)

== Orthodox Understanding of the the date of the Last Supper ==

I understnad that most Orthodox theologians, as do I, follow the Gospel of John and do not consider the Last Supper a Passover Meal. If I understand correctly, one of the consequences of this understanding is the fact that leavened bread is used in the Eucharist in the Orthodox church. Are there other consequences, results, etc. of this understanding? It seems to me that the Synoptics agree with John, but have been misinterpreted.

I am writing an article on the date of the Last Supper, i.e., was it the Passover Meal (night beginning Nisan 15)or was it the night before (night beginning Nisan 14)? Apart from, or maybe along with, textual consideradions, the way the early Greek-speaking church understood the Supper must, it seems to me, be taken into consideration.

Not using unleavened bread points in that direction. Are there other things? I would be interested in orientation in this general area.

Note: I am 81, Ph.D. from Vanderbilt in 1963 in Biblical Studies, and speak English, Spanish and French. I would appreciate knowing about any relevant articles in any of these languages.

Thanks for any help. James M. Beaty

Hows does one use the talk page to reply to another user? Thanks.

== Uncategorized Images ==

Hello,
I was wondering why in the uncategorized picture section of OrthodoxWiki there is pictures of the Pope? He does not relate to the studies or teaching of Orthodoxy ( At least not to my knowledge ). I know that there have been talks to try and create a greater friendship with the catholics and the Pope. But I still do not think there should be a picture of him on a Orthodox site. I am only 18 and I'm still trying to understand my religion more and I think people might get the wrong impression if they see the Pope on the OrthodoxWiki site. Am I wrong to ask this? Because on a earlier post I noticed that Dcn. Andrew said "OrthodoxWiki is dedicated to Orthodox Christianity." Thanks.

P.S.
This is a great website and I learn allot from it.

== When does a hierarch begin his tenure? ==

According to the canons of the Orthodox Church, at which point does a hierarch ascend his cathedra? That is, if he is elected by the flock of his diocese/metropolia/autonomous Church (where such elections are provided for) is he already considered to occupy his see? Or, will he assume his post only after his election is confirmed by the hierarchal superiors? Or esle, will he do so only after the enthronement ceremony (where such is provided for)? In different lists of hierarchs I have seen different dates marking the beginning of their tenure.

I thank You for Your attention and ask, if possible, to advise Church texts to confirm this point.

OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza

2007-02-11T20:35:48Z

INK: When does a hierarch begin his tenure?

In a monastery, a '''[[refectory|trapeza]]''' (or ''refectory''), is the dining hall where monks and pilgrims gather for food and conversation. The OrthodoxWiki trapeza serves as the main discussion point for our website. Please feel free to join in - ask anything, suggest an idea, make a comment. We're glad to have you here. For other, more specifically designated discussion pages, check out the [[OrthodoxWiki:Community Portal|Community Portal]]. [[Category:OrthodoxWiki]]

* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 1|Archive 1]], Feb - Dec 2005 (formerly the [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=OrthodoxWiki:Anything_Goes&oldid=22917 Anything Goes] page)
* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 2|Archive 2]], Feb 2005 - Aug 2006 (formerly the [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=OrthodoxWiki:Questions&oldid=37973 Questions] page)
* [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza/Archive 2|Archive 3]], Oct 2005 - Aug 2006 (moved from [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page&oldid=37962 Talk:Main Page])

<center>
{| style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa"
|'''[http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza&action=edit&section=new Add new post]'''
|}
</center>

== Orthodox Dictionary ==

English - Russian - Greek - Romanian - Finnish - Swedish
-> http://www.ortodoksi.net/dict/search.php
[[User:HAP|HAP]] 00:47, January 5, 2007 (PST)

==Barnstar==
'''Asserted:''' We need to have an OrthodoxWiki [[w:Wikipedia:Barnstars|barnstar]]. —[[User:ASDamick|Dcn. Andrew]] [[User_talk:ASDamick|talk]] [[Special:Contributions/ASDamick|contribs]] 20:06, August 16, 2006 (CDT)
:Go for it! — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

==Project Ideas==
Check out the discussion of project ideas at [[OrthodoxWiki:Project Ideas]].

==The Real Presence==

How about a discussion of the real Presence according to Orthodoxy? It is hard to find good articles on this important topic online, and [[Eucharist]] is too brief in this regard. [[User:Willibald|Willibald]] 23:59, August 23, 2006 (CDT)

==Interwiki==
Hello, I would like to request someone to put in [[MediaWiki:Recentchangestext]] the relevant interwiki '''<nowiki>[[bg:Специални:Recentchanges]]</nowiki>''' to the bulgarian recent changes special page. Thanks.
:P.S. And... I would like to make a proposal: [[:metawikipedia:DPLforum|this extension]] acts like a forum inside the wiki and is better for discussions. [[User:Gregg|Gregg]] 17:38, August 26, 2006 (CDT)
:I've added the interwiki link and installed the forum extension. Haven't tested it out, but let's try it and see how it works. There's a sample forum [http://www.wikia.com/wiki/Forum:Index here]. — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])
::More help about the forum can be found [http://www.wikia.com/wiki/Help:Forums here]. --[[User:Gregg|Gregg]] 00:59, August 31, 2006 (CDT)
[[Category:OrthodoxWiki]]
[[bg:Project:Трапеза]]

== Language Boxes ==

Anyone interested in porting over some of the language templates (the boxes that indicate user proficiency) from Wikipedia? It might be helpful in identifying people re: the various localizations. — [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

:I have started to do just that. Here is my personal [[User:Hellenica/Babel|"Babel project"]] with some of the work I've been attempting. I suppose recent changes and my user contributions would also provide a similar look. I hope the progress is satisfactory. [[User:Hellenica|Hellenica]] 21:46, November 30, 2006 (PST)

::I'm definitely liking these wikipedia imports, Hellenica. The language boxes are extremely useful (Spanish, anyone?), and the personal user ones are just fun.[[User:Gabriela|Gabriela]] 20:49, December 1, 2006 (PST)

== Cathedral of St. Petersburg, Russia ==

I've looked throughout the interweb and I simply can't find any place that says what the main cathedral of St. Petersburg is. Is it the Transfiguration? Kazan? I would think St. Isaac's would be "it" but non confirmation. Any help?

~N

*This may not be true today, but in the late Soviet days (1988, when I visited the city) when the present Partriarch Alexei was the diocesan bishop in, then, Leningrad he held services in Trinity Cathedral (the one recently damaged by fire) in the Alexander Nevesky Monastery, Lavra. Then, the Kazan Cathedral was a museum and St Issac's was closed. [[User:Wsk|Wsk]] 12:16, December 3, 2006 (PST)

*It appears to be Kazansky cathedral, re-open in 1998: http://www.kazansky-spb.ru

==Romanian speakers: pls help ro.orthodoxwiki.org project==
If you speak Romanian, please help also [http://ro.orthodoxwiki.org/ ro.orthodoxwiki.org] - Fr.Julian

Dacă vorbiţi româneşte, nu ezitaţi să daţi o mână de ajutor şi proiectului ro: [http://ro.orthodoxwiki.org/ ro.orthodoxwiki.org] - p.iulian [[User:Inistea|Inistea]] 14:30, December 7, 2006 (PST)

== WikEd editing tool ==

I've recently been using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Cacycle/wikEd WikEd tool] on Wikipedia, with success. The author says it should work on other wikis running the latest WikiMedia software, which I know we do. Can someone with more technical knowledge than I take a gander at the page and let me know if the tool would work here? Thanks. --[[User:Cholmes75|cholmes75]] 08:13, December 20, 2006 (PST)

: I just installed it (using the instructions on the page linked above), and it works just fine. For now, just paste the entire code into your User:username/monobook.js page. I don't see any reason why we can't make a template, as they have on en.wikipedia, but someone with more Wiki experience (and probably more authorization, possibly [[User:FrJohn|FrJohn]]) needs to make that happen. --[[User:Basil|Basil]] 06:37, January 5, 2007 (PST)

== Orthodox Understanding of the the date of the Last Supper ==

I understnad that most Orthodox theologians, as do I, follow the Gospel of John and do not consider the Last Supper a Passover Meal. If I understand correctly, one of the consequences of this understanding is the fact that leavened bread is used in the Eucharist in the Orthodox church. Are there other consequences, results, etc. of this understanding? It seems to me that the Synoptics agree with John, but have been misinterpreted.

I am writing an article on the date of the Last Supper, i.e., was it the Passover Meal (night beginning Nisan 15)or was it the night before (night beginning Nisan 14)? Apart from, or maybe along with, textual consideradions, the way the early Greek-speaking church understood the Supper must, it seems to me, be taken into consideration.

Not using unleavened bread points in that direction. Are there other things? I would be interested in orientation in this general area.

Note: I am 81, Ph.D. from Vanderbilt in 1963 in Biblical Studies, and speak English, Spanish and French. I would appreciate knowing about any relevant articles in any of these languages.

Thanks for any help. James M. Beaty

Hows does one use the talk page to reply to another user? Thanks.

== Uncategorized Images ==

Hello,
I was wondering why in the uncategorized picture section of OrthodoxWiki there is pictures of the Pope? He does not relate to the studies or teaching of Orthodoxy ( At least not to my knowledge ). I know that there have been talks to try and create a greater friendship with the catholics and the Pope. But I still do not think there should be a picture of him on a Orthodox site. I am only 18 and I'm still trying to understand my religion more and I think people might get the wrong impression if they see the Pope on the OrthodoxWiki site. Am I wrong to ask this? Because on a earlier post I noticed that Dcn. Andrew said "OrthodoxWiki is dedicated to Orthodox Christianity." Thanks.

P.S.
This is a great website and I learn allot from it.

== When does a hierarch begin his tenure? ==

According to the canons of the Orthodox Church, at which point does a hierarch ascend his cathedra? That is, if he is elected by the flock of his diocese/metropolia/autonomous Church (where such elections are provided for) is he already considered to occupy his see? Or, will he assume his post only after his election is confirmed by the hierarchal superiors? Or esle, will he do so only after the enthronement ceremony (where such is provided for)? In different lists of hierarchs I have seen different dates marking the beginning of their tenure.

I thank You for Your attention and ask, if possible, to advise Church texts to confirm this point.

Western Rite in the Twentieth Century

2006-04-06T02:16:36Z

INK:

{{westernrite}}This article is a chronicle of the history of the '''Western Rite in the Twentieth Century'''.

==False Starts==
[[Image:Fon-du-Lac Circus.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The so-called “Fon-du-Lac Circus

Western Rite in the Twentieth Century

2006-04-06T02:15:56Z

INK:

{{westernrite}}This article is a chronicle of the history of the '''Western Rite in the Twentieth Century'''.

==False Starts==[[Image:Fon-du-Lac Circus.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The so-called “Fon-du-Lac Circus

Liturgy of St. Tikhon of Moscow

2006-04-06T00:46:15Z

INK:

'''The Divine Liturgy of St Tikhon''' is one of the liturgies authorized for use by the Antiochian West Rite Vicariate (AWRV). It is authorized for use in the AWRV in two forms -- that of the ''Orthodox Missal'' and that of the ''Saint Andrew's Service Book''.

==Origins of the Rite==
The Liturgy of St Tikhon was produced in the 1970's for use by Episcopalians who wished to convert to Orthodoxy but retain the liturgy to which they were accustomed. The text of the liturgy, therefore, is based upon the Episcopal Church's 1928 ''Book of Common Prayer'', along with certain features of the Mass of the Catholic Church prior to its reform after the Second Vatican Council, as well certain modifications to make it conform to Orthodox theology and practice (such as a strengthened [[epiclesis]], the omission of the [[filioque]] from the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed]]). The naming of the liturgy after [[Tikhon of Moscow|St Tikhon the Enlightener of America]] is based upon events that occurred when St Tikhon was the ruling bishop of the American diocese of the [[Church of Russia]]. Some Episcopalians who wished to become Orthodox asked Bishop Tikhon whether they might be allowed to continue to use their Anglican liturgy (that of the American 1892 ''Book of Common Prayer''). He sent the BCP to Moscow, where a commission was appointed to examine they issue. The final report addressed the changes that would need to be made in the BCP in order to make it suitable for Orthodox worship, but neither the Commission nor Bishop Tikhon approved a rite.

{{westernrite}}

==Structure of the Ordinary==
*Asperges
*The Preparation for Mass
*Collect for Purity
*Summary of the Law
*Kyrie eleison (nine-fold)
*Gloria in excelsis
*Collect of the Day
*Epistle
*Gradual
*Alleluia
*Gospel
*Nicene Creed
*Offertory
*Prayer for the whole state of Christ's Church (Intercessions)
*Confession of sin and absolution
*Comfortable Words
*Dialogue
*Preface
*Sanctus
*Canon
*Lord's Prayer
*Fraction
*Agnus Dei
*Prayer of Humble Access
*Prayers before Communion (including "I believe, O Lord, and I confess....")
*Holy Communion
*Prayer of thanksgiving after Communion
*Dismissal
*Blessing of the faithful
*Last Gospel (Prologue to St John's Gospel)

==Sources==
*''Orthodox Missal'' (Saint Luke's Priory Press, 1995)
*''Saint Andrew's Service Book'', 2nd edition (Antiochian Archdiocese, 1996)

[[Category:Liturgics]]
[[Category:Texts]]

Liturgy of St. Tikhon of Moscow

2006-04-06T00:44:59Z

INK:

'''The Divine Liturgy of St Tikhon''' is one of the liturgies authorized for use by the Antiochian West Rite Vicariate (AWRV). It is authorized for use in the AWRV in two forms -- that of the ''Orthodox Missal'' and that of the ''Saint Andrew's Service Book''.

==Origins of the Rite==
The Liturgy of St Tikhon was produced in the 1970's for use by Episcopalians who wished to convert to Orthodoxy but retain the liturgy to which they were accustomed. The text of the liturgy, therefore, is based upon the Episcopal Church's 1928 ''Book of Common Prayer'', along with certain features of the Mass of the Catholic Church prior to its reform after the Second Vatican Council, as well certain modifications to make it conform to Orthodox theology and practice (such as a strengthened [[epiclesis]], the omission of the [[filioque]] from the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed]]). The naming of the liturgy after [[Tikhon of Moscow|St Tikhon the Enlightener of America]] is based upon events that occurred when St Tikhon was the ruling bishop of the American diocese of the [[Church of Russia]]. Some Episcopalians who wished to become Orthodox asked Bishop Tikhon whether they might be allowed to continue to use their Anglican liturgy (that of the American 1892 ''Book of Common Prayer''). He sent the BCP to Moscow, where a commission was appointed to examine they issue. The final report addressed the changes that would need to be made in the BCP in order to make it suitable for Orthodox worship, but neither the Commission nor Bishp Tikhon approved a rite.

{{westernrite}}

==Structure of the Ordinary==
*Asperges
*The Preparation for Mass
*Collect for Purity
*Summary of the Law
*Kyrie eleison (nine-fold)
*Gloria in excelsis
*Collect of the Day
*Epistle
*Gradual
*Alleluia
*Gospel
*Nicene Creed
*Offertory
*Prayer for the whole state of Christ's Church (Intercessions)
*Confession of sin and absolution
*Comfortable Words
*Dialogue
*Preface
*Sanctus
*Canon
*Lord's Prayer
*Fraction
*Agnus Dei
*Prayer of Humble Access
*Prayers before Communion (including "I believe, O Lord, and I confess....")
*Holy Communion
*Prayer of thanksgiving after Communion
*Dismissal
*Blessing of the faithful
*Last Gospel (Prologue to St John's Gospel)

==Sources==
*''Orthodox Missal'' (Saint Luke's Priory Press, 1995)
*''Saint Andrew's Service Book'', 2nd edition (Antiochian Archdiocese, 1996)

[[Category:Liturgics]]
[[Category:Texts]]

Church of Georgia

2006-03-24T01:08:02Z

INK:

The '''Church of Georgia''' is one of the oldest Christian Churches, tracing its origins in tradition to the [[missionary]] efforts of the [[Apostle Andrew]] in the first century. Historically, adoption of Christianity by the kingdom of Georgia (Iberia) is traced to the missionary efforts of St. Nino of Cappadocia beginning in early fourth century. Initially, the Georgian [[church]] was part of the territory of the [[Patriarchate of Antioch]]. The church was granted [[autocephaly]] by the Patriarch of Antioch in 466. While seriously disrupted by the invasions of the various tartar tribes in the 13 and 15th centuries the autocephalous church survived until it was placed under the administration of the synodal [[Church of Russia]] in 1811. After the abdication of Czar [[Nicholas II]] following the 1917 February Revolution, the Georgian [[hierarch]]s restored autocephaly that was eventually recognized by the [[Church of Constantinople]] and the Church of Russia.

{{church|
name=Patriarchate of Georgia|
founder= [[Apostles]] [[Apostle Andrew|Andrew]], [[Apostle Simon the Canaanite|Simon the Canaanite]]|
independence=Antioch in 486, Russia in 1917|
recognition= 486, again 1990 |
primate=[[Ilia II (Gudushauri-Shiolashvili) of Georgia|Patr. Ilia II]]|
hq=Tbilisi, Georgia|
territory=Georgia, Armenia|
possessions= United States, Great Britain, Western Europe|
language=Georgian|
music=[[Georgian Chant]]|
calendar=[[Julian Calendar]]|
population=3,500,000|
website=[http://www.patriarchate.ge/ Church of Georgia]
}}

==Ancient Origins==
By tradition the Apostle Andrew, the First Called, preached in Georgia in the first century. Tradition relates that he came with the Holy Mother's Uncreated Icon, that is the icon of the [[Theotokos]] not made by human hands. This tradition introduced a deep affection for the Theotokos into Georgian conscientiousness. Additionally, tradition speaks to preaching by other apostles in Georgia including Simon the Canaanite, Matthias, Bartholomew, and Thaddeus. The establishment of the first Georgian [[eparchy]] ([[diocese]]) was also credited to the Apostle Andrew.

The active history of Christianity in Georgia begins with the missionary activities of [[Nino of Cappadocia]] beginning in 303. By 317 her message reached the rulers of the eastern and western kingdoms of Georgia when King Miriam II of Iberia (Eastern Georgia) and Queen Nana of Western Georgia adopted Christianity as the state religion. The Christianization of Georgia progressed over the next several centuries.

As part of the late Roman (Byzantine) Empire Georgian Christianity was heavily influenced by its form of practice. Initially, the churches in Georgia were part of the Apostolic See of Antioch. The Church of Georgia became autocephalous when the Patriarch of Antioch elevated the [[bishop]] of Mtskheta to the honor of Catholicos of Kastli in 466. Subsequently, the Catholicos was given the added title of [[Patriarch]] in 1010, making the title of the primate of the Georgian Church the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia.

The invasions of the tartars in the 13th and 15th centuries greatly disrupted Christianity and the government of Georgia. The state as well as the church were divided into two separate parts, in which the churches were governed by two separate Catholicos-Patriarchs. In 1801, Eastern Georgia, that is Kartli-Kakheti, was annexed by the Czar of Russia. By 1811, the Church in Georgia was absorbed into the Synodal Church of Russia, ending autocephaly for the Georgian church.

==Recent History==
As the Russian Empire began to dissolve after the abdication of Czar Nicholas II following the 1917 February Revolution, the Georgian hierarchs unilaterally announced restoration of autocephaly. While not accepted by the Church of Russia, the Soviet forces went further, in an atmosphere that all Orthodox Church in the former Russian empire was subjected. Thus, the church in Georgia was harassed and churches and other church activities were closed. [[Clergy]], [[monk]]s, and Christians in general were killed in the ensuing purges of the next several decades.

With recognition of the Orthodox church by Stalin, after the 1941 Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, to gain support of the Church for repulsing the invasion, autocephaly of the Church of Georgia was recognized in 1943 by the Church of Russia. Then, in 1989, autocephaly was recognized by the [[Patriarch of Constantinople]], thus approving the defacto autocephaly exercised since the fifth century.

==Organization==
With the downfall of the Soviet Union and the resulting independence of the country of Georgia, a great revival has taken place for the Church of Georgia. As of 2002, eighty percent of the population of Georgia has identified themselves as Orthodox Christians. The church itself was organized into 35 [[diocese]]s, with 512 churches. The church in Georgia of some 3.5 million people was served by 730 [[priest]]s.

The church is governed by the [[Holy Synod]] of the Church of Georgia with the current [[Archbishop]] of Mtskheta and Tbilisi and Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II as chairman.

===Recent Catholicos-Patriarchs of All Georgia===
* Kirion II - (1917-1918)
* Leonide - (1918-1921)
* Ambrosi - (1921-1927)
* Christefore III - (1927-1932)
* Kalistrare - (1932-1952)
* Melkisedek III - (1952-1960)
* Eprem II - (1960-1072)
* David V - (1972-1977)
* Ilia II - (1977 to present)—

==External links==
* [http://www.patriarchate.ge/indexe.htm Website of the Church of Georgia]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_and_Apostolic_Church Church of Georgia]

[[Category:Jurisdictions|Georgia]]

{{churches}}

Nilus of Sora

2006-03-18T23:47:47Z

INK:

'''Nilus of Sora''' (Russian:

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-18T09:39:25Z

INK:

==Life==
'''[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk''' and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spiritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[crozier]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to submit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Eminence Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonization|canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the New Martyrs of Russia at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on [[December 11|11/24 of December]].

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Solikamsk|
years=1917-1918|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=[[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]]|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-18T09:37:51Z

INK:

==Life==
'''[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk''' and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spiritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[crozier]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to submit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Eminence Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the New Martyrs of Russia at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on [[December 11|11/24 of December]].

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Solikamsk|
years=1917-1918|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=[[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]]|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Nicholas (Ono) of Japan

2006-03-18T09:36:34Z

INK:

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
His Grace the Right Reverend [[Bishop]] '''Nicholas (Ono) of Japan''' was consecrated as the ruling bishop of the [[Church of Japan]] in 1941 when the militaristic Japanese government required the heads of all religious groups in Japan to be Japanese nationals. He was the first Japanese national to be consecrated an Orthodox [[bishop]].

==Life==
The future Bp. Nicholas was born Kiichi Yamazaki on [[September 8]], 1872, in the village of Kannami in Shizuoka Prefecture. When he was still in elementary school, his older brother, Yamazaki Kenzabur

Nicholas (Ono) of Japan

2006-03-18T09:35:43Z

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{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
His Grace the Right Reverend [[Bishop]] '''Nicholas (Ono) of Japan''' was consecrated as the ruling bishop of the [[Church of Japan]] in 1941 when the militaristic Japanese government required the heads of all religious groups in Japan to be Japanese nationals. He was the first Japanese national to be consecrated an Orthodox [[bishop]].

==Life==
The future Bp. Nicholas was born Kiichi Yamazaki on September 8, 1872, in the village of Kannami in Shizuoka Prefecture. When he was still in elementary school, his older brother, Yamazaki Kenzabur

Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan

2006-03-18T09:30:22Z

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{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
Metropolitan '''Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan''' (1871-1945) was sent to Japan by the [[Church of Russia]] as the assistant to and successor to St. [[Nicholas of Japan]] as the ruling bishop of the [[Church of Japan|Japanese Orthodox Church]].

==Life==
[[Image:Met_Sergius(port).jpg|thumb|left|Metropolitan Sergius of Tokyo and All Japan]]He was born Georgii Alexeevich Tikhomirov on [[June 3]], 1871 (OS) in the village of Guzh near Novgorod, Russia into the family of a rural [[priest]]. His father, Alexei, was a popular and famous priest in the area. Georgy did well in elementary school and after graduation entered the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, graduating in 1896. Upon graduation he continued at the Academy teaching theology. During his time at the St. Petersburg Academy he was noted as a prolific preacher and author of many works on Church history in the Novgorod region.

Prior to his graduation from the Academy he took [[monastic]] vows on [[September 7]], 1895, taking the monastic name Sergius. Then, on [[December 2]], 1895, he was ordained a [[deacon]] in the Isakievskii Cathedral in St. Petersburg, and two days later he was ordained a priest. He was subsequently appointed inspector at the Academy. In December 1899, Father Sergius was raised to the dignity of [[archimandrite]] and was named Rector of the Academy. On [[October 8]], 1905, Archimandrite Sergius was awarded his Doctor of Theology degree. Then, one month later he was elevated to the episcopacy, being consecrated Bishop of Iamburg and [[auxiliary bishop|vicar]] to the archbishop of St. Petersburg. He was 35 years old, an uncommonly young age at the time for entry into the episcopacy.

In 1908, Sergius was assigned to be the assistant of [[Nicholas of Japan|Abp. Nicholas of Japan]] and his eventual successor. He arrived in Japan on [[June 27]], 1908 as the bishop of Kyoto. Already proficient in a number of languages, including Greek, Hebrew, German, Latin, English, German, Arabic, and the Slavic languages, Bishop Sergius immediately began to get acquainted with Japan and its culture and language, and within a year he began preaching [[Orthodox Christianity]] among the Japanese people.

Since all previous assistants sent to Japan to help Abp. Nicholas returned to Russia, the latter asked Sergius if he intended to remain in Japan permanently or to return in a few years as those earlier had. Sergius affirmed that he had come dedicating himself to remain for the rest of his life. Over the next few years Sergius involved himself deeply in the church and mission and gradually assumed management of the organization, allowing Nicholas to devote his time to the seminary and his extensive translation work. Sergius engrossed himself particularly in missionary efforts, visiting widely, from the southern part of Sakhalin that Japan had gained from Russia after the Russo-Japanese war, to Kuril Islands and Manchuria.

Sergius was at Nicholas's side during the last years of his life, and after Nicholas's death in February 1912, Sergius was named in May 1912 the new ruling bishop of the Orthodox Church of Japan as Archbishop of Japan. Well familiar with Nicholas's missionary work, the new archbishop continued Nicholas's steps including publication of theological books through the Tokyo Seminary.

Within some six years, however, Sergius had to contend with a different and difficult world. With the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent takeover by the Bolsheviks, funding for the Japanese mission was cut off. Although this meant that the archbishop had to cut the activities of the mission severely, it nonetheless survived.

On [[September 1]], 1923, Tokyo was hit by the Great Kanto Earthquake. The earthquake caused serious damage to the [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)|Holy Resurrection Cathedral]] (Nikolai-do) at the mission's headquarters in Surugadai Kanda in Tokyo. The main bell tower collapsed onto the central dome severely damaging the building and the subsequent fires burned much what was left of the interior. Thus, Sergius had inherited adversity greater than would be expected. Rebuilding Nicolai-do became central for Sergius and in this he did not give up. He toured throughout Japan asking for donations. He asked a young musician, [[Victor Pokrovsky|Victor A. Pokrovsky]], a refugee of the defeated White Army, to develop and lead the cathedral choir which toured Japan to raise money for the re-construction of the cathedral. Through these extraordinary efforts Nikolai-do was re-built and re-consecrated in just a little over six years. The re-consecration was held on [[December 15]], 1929 with 5,000 guests present including [[Abp. Nestor (Anisimov)]] from Harbin. Then, in 1931, Sergius was elevated to ''Metropolitan of All Japan'' by the [[Holy Synod]] in Moscow.

Then, as the Japanese church began its recovery under the leadership of Metr. Sergius, the specter of militaristic nationalism began to rise in Japan. Under this new political climate pressures increased on all that was foreign and Christian. Eventually, in 1940, the pressures became too great. Eventually, in 1940, the pressures became too great. In September of 1940, the government enacted a law that Japanese nationals had to head all religious organizations. Thus, Sergius, his choir director, Victor Pokrovsky, and other non-Japanese were removed from their positions in the church. The metropolitan and his choir director were to spend World War II in obscurity, harassment, under suspicion of being Russian/American spies, and were finally arrested in the Spring of 1945 by the the special police. In mid 1945, Sergius ended up under house arrest, his health impaired, and died under unusual circumstances on [[August 10]], 1945, only five days before Japan's part in World War II ended.

With Japan in disorder as the war was ending, Metr. Sergius's body was carried for the last rites and burial in a "honey bucket" cart, as he had predicted to friends some years before when he pointed to such a cart that was passing them. The metropolitan was buried beside St. Nicholas of Japan, his predecessor, in the Yanaka Cemetery in Tokyo.

With the intervention of the Japanese militaristic government into the affairs of the Japanese Orthodox Church by forcing all non-Japanese born members out of the Church, the Church administration was thrown into chaos. After the forced "retirement" of Metr. Sergius, the government requested that a Japanese be placed as the ruling bishop. In 1941, under the direction of the military government the [[Protopriest]] [[Nicholas (Ono) of Japan|John Ono]] was obliged to separtate with his wife who became a nun at a [[monastery]] in Harbin, Manchuria, then ruled by Japan, and then was consecrated, under the monastic name of Nicholas, as the ruling bishop of Japan. Thus, Bp. [[Nicholas (Ono) of Japan|Nicholas (Ono)]] became the first Japanese Orthodox Christian to be consecrated a bishop, though it was under canonically suspect circumstances. Bp. Nicholas subsequently reconciled himself with the Japanese Orthodox Church before he died.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Iamburg|
years=1905-1908|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=[[Andronik of Perm|Andronik Nikolsky]]|
title=Bishop of Kyoto|
years=1908-1912|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=St. [[Nicholas of Japan]]|
title=[[Church of Japan|Metropolitan of Japan]]|
years=1912-(1941) 1945|
after=[[Nicholas (Ono) of Japan|Nicholas (Ono)]] [[Benjamin (Basalyga) of Pittsburgh|Benjamin (Basalyga)]]}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Missionaries]]
[[Category:Metropolitans of Japan]]

Nicholas (Ono) of Japan

2006-03-18T09:20:38Z

INK: /* Life */

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
His Grace the Right Reverend [[Bishop]] '''Nicholas (Ono) of Japan''' was consecrated as the ruling bishop of the [[Church of Japan]] in 1941 when the militaristic Japanese government required the heads of all religious groups in Japan to be Japanese nationals. He was the first Japanese national to be consecrated an Orthodox [[bishop]].

==Life==
Future Bishop Nicholas was born Kiichi Yamazaki on September 8, 1872, in the village of Kannami in Shizuoka Prefecture. When he was still in elementary school, his older brother, Yamazaki Kenzabur

Nicholas (Ono) of Japan

2006-03-18T09:19:41Z

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{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
His Grace the Right Reverend [[Bishop]] '''Nicholas (Ono) of Japan''' was consecrated as the ruling bishop of the [[Church of Japan]] in 1941 when the militaristic Japanese government required the heads of all religious groups in Japan to be Japanese nationals. He was the first Japanese national to be consecrated an Orthodox [[bishop]].

==Life==
Future Bishop Nicholas was born Kiichi Yamazaki on September 8, 1872, in the village of Kannami in Shizuoka Prefecture. When he was still in elementary school, his older brother, Yamazaki Kenzabur

Nicholas (Ono) of Japan

2006-03-18T09:17:22Z

INK:

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
His Grace the Right Reverend [[Bishop]] '''Nicholas (Ono) of Japan''' was consecrated as the ruling bishop of the [[Church of Japan]] in 1941 when the militaristic Japanese government required the heads of all religious groups in Japan to be Japanese nationals. He was the first Japanese national to be consecrated an Orthodox [[bishop]].

==Life==
Future Bishop Nicholas was born Kiichi Yamazaki on September 8, 1872, in the village of Kannami in Shizuoka Prefecture. When he was still in elementary school, his older brother, Yamazaki Kenzabur

Nicholas (Ono) of Japan

2006-03-18T09:15:02Z

INK:

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
His Grace the Right Reverend [[Bishop]] '''Nicholas (Ono) of Japan''' was consecrated as the ruling bishop of the [[Church of Japan]] in 1941 when the militaristic Japanese government required the heads of all religious groups in Japan to be Japanese nationals. He was the first Japanese national to be consecrated an Orthodox [[bishop]].

==Life==
Future Bishop Nicholas was born Kiichi Yamazaki on September 8, 1872, in the village of Kannami in Shizuoka Prefecture. When he was still in elementary school, his older brother, Yamazaki Kenzabur

Nicholas (Ono) of Japan

2006-03-18T09:09:22Z

INK:

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
His Grace the Right Reverend [[Bishop]] '''Nicholas (Ono) of Japan''' was consecrated as the ruling bishop of the [[Church of Japan]] in 1941 when the militaristic Japanese government required the heads of all religious groups in Japan to be Japanese nationals. He was the first Japanese national to be consecrated an Orthodox [[bishop]].

==Life==
Future Bishop Nicholas was born Kiichi Yamazaki on September 8, 1872, in the village of Kannami in Shizuoka Prefecture. When he was still in elementary school, his older brother, Yamazaki Kenzabur

Ireney (Bekish) of New York

2006-03-18T07:27:50Z

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His Beatitude the Most Reverend [[Metropolitan]] '''Ireney (Bekish) of New York''' succeeded Metr. [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty]] as [[primate]] of the Russian-American [[OCA|Metropolia]] upon his death. Under his leadership the central administration continued to mature and negotiations actively began with the [[Patriarch]] of Moscow to resolve the ill feelings that had developed since the Bolshevik Revolution, and which resolved into the granting of [[autocephaly]] to the Metropolia as the [[Orthodox Church in America]].

==Life==
John Bekish was born on [[October 2]], 1892, in Mezhirech in Lublin province, which today is in southeast Poland, but then was part of the Russian Empire. He attended the Kholm [[Seminary]], graduating in 1914. During the next two years he [[marriage|married]] and was employed as a [[reader]], until 1916 when he entered the [[clergy]]. After [[ordination]] as a [[deacon]], he was ordained a [[priest]] by [[Bishop]] Seraphim of Belsk on [[August 1]], 1916. During the next several years Fr. John served successively at a number of [[parish]]es including Guscha in the Lublin region, Lishnevka in the Kovel region, Belskoye in the Sarnen region, and Poliza also in the Sarnen region. Then, in 1934, Fr. John was appointed rector of the parish in Kamen-Kashirsk and was advanced to the rank of [[Archpriest]].

On [[January 1]], 1935, he was appointed to the Consistory of the [[Church of Poland|Polish Orthodox Church]], and then a year later was appointed assistant [[rector]] of the Cathedral in Pinsk. Eleven months before the Nazi and Soviets invaded Poland he was appointed chairman of the Luninetz [[Missionary]] Committee. In July 1944 as the Soviet army, who were now fighting the Nazis, approached, Fr. John evacuated with his family to Germany where he ministered to Orthodox faithful in the displaced persons' camps until after the end of World War II. In October 1947, Fr. John was raised in rank to [[Mitred Archpriest]] and was moved to Belgium where he was assigned rector of the Holy Trinity Church in Charleroi, Belgium.

On [[March 20]], 1952, Fr. John arrived with his family in the United States and was assigned as the priest of Holy Trinity Church in McAdoo, Pennsylvania. On [[March 31]], 1953, his wife Xenia died and was buried in the Holy Trinity cemetery in MacAdoo.

After being elected Bishop of Tokyo, then a [[diocese]] in the Metropolia, Fr. John was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] on [[May 28]], 1953, and given the name of Ireney. He was also raised to the rank of [[archimandrite]]. His consecration as Bishop of Tokyo was conducted by Metropolitan Leonty (Turkevich) on [[June 7]], 1953, with other [[hierarch]]s in the Holy Virgin Protection Cathedral in New York City. As bishop of Tokyo, Bp. Ireney continued to lead the Japanese Church in its recovery from World War II. He reopened the seminary at [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)|Nicolai-do Cathedral]] and brought back [[Victor Pokrovsky]] as the choir director for the cathedral. On [[May 9]], 1957, Bp. Ireney was raised to the rank of [[archbishop]].

Transferred back to the United States on [[June 14]], 1960, Abp. Ireney was appointed Archbishop of Boston and of the Diocese of New England. He was also made a special assistant to Metr. Leonty who was aging and ailing. With Metr. Leonty's death on [[May 14]], 1965, Abp. Ireney was elected [[Locum Tenens]] by the Great Council of Bishops pending the election of a new Metropolitan. At the 12th [[All-American Sobor]] on [[September 23]], 1965, Abp. Ireney was elected and installed as Archbishop of New York and Metropolitan of all America and Canada.

Metr. Ireney's time in office would provide one of the momentous events in the history of the North American church as at first feelers turned to negotiations and finally into agreements that resolved the decades of tensions and disagreements between the Mother Church, the [[Church of Russia]], and the offspring American Metropolia. The Russian Orthodox Church issued a [[Tomos]] confirming and proclaiming the ''The Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church in North America'' an [[autocephalous] Church named ''The [[Orthodox Church in America]].'' With the change in status of the Church came a change in title of address for the first hierarch. At a session of the Holy Synod of the Bishops of the Orthodox Church in America on [[June 9]], 1970, the Synod granted the title of ''His [[Beatitude]]'' to Metropolitan Ireney, as the [[primate]] of an autocephalous Church.

Beginning [[October 20]], 1970, Metr. Ireney presided over a meeting of the Church that would be the 14th and last All-American Sobor and the first [[All-American Council]] of the Orthodox Church in America. Over next several years Metr. Ireney led the administration in the adjustments needed to that of the new status of the Church.

By 1974, age began to take its toll on Metr. Ireney. In early 1974, Metr. Ireney requested that the Holy Synod elect a temporary Administrator for the day-to-day business of the Church. On [[May 15]], 1974, Archbishop Sylvester (Harums) of Montreal and Canada assumed this position, working with Metr. Ireney who would approve all important actions and decisions. As his health deteriorated, Metr. Ireney announced on [[March 9]], 1977, that he intended to retire on [[October 25]], 1977, the opening day of the 5th All-American Council. With the election of Bishop Theodosius (Lazor) as the new Metropolitan, Metr. Ireney retired to live in the [[Ss. Cosmas and Damian Adult Home (Staten Island, New York)|Ss. Cosmas and Damian Adult Home]] on Staten Island, New York, an institution that he was instrumental in founding.

Metr. Ireney died on [[March 18]], 1981, and was buried at the [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]].

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[Benjamin (Basalyga) of Pittsburgh|Benjamin (Basalyga)]]|
title=Archbishop of Tokyo|
years=1953-1960|
after=[[Nikon (de Greve) of Japan|Nikon (de Greve)]]}}
{{succession|
before=Dimitry (Magan)|
title=Archbishop of Boston|
years=1960-1965|
after=Stephen (Lasko)}}
{{succession|
before= [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevich)]]|
title=Primate of the Metropolia/Orthodox Church in America|
years=1965-1970/1970-1977|
after=[[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor)]]}}
{{end box}}

== Sources==
* ''Orthodox America 1794-1976 Development of the Orthodox Church in America'', C. J. Tarasar, Gen. Ed. 1975, The Orthodox Church in America, Syosett, New York

[[Category: Bishops]]

ROCOR and OCA

2006-03-18T07:08:38Z

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[[Image:Tikhon of Moscow.jpg|right|thumb|St. [[Tikhon of Moscow]]]]
'''The ROCOR and the OCA''' have a complicated history of cooperation, rivalry, and sometimes outright hostility. These two [[jurisdiction]]s, the '''[[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]]''' (ROCOR) and the '''[[Orthodox Church in America]]''' (OCA), both have their origins in the [[Church of Russia]] (a.k.a. the ''Moscow Patriarchate'' or ''MP''), and their histories as clearly distinct and identifiable entities both stem from the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in the early 20th century.

In examining this history, other names are used for the pre-1970 OCA, the ''Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church in America'' (its official name) and the ''Metropolia'' (its common name). The ROCOR is also referred to as the ''Karlovtsy Synod'' (from its seminal formations in Serbia) or simply ''the Synod'', the ''Russian Orthodox Church Abroad'', or ''ROCA''.
{{rocor-oca}}
__TOC__
==Prologue: Contrasts and Stereotypes==
Numerous stereotypes exist regarding the ROCOR and the OCA. The ROCOR is monarchist ("white"), while the OCA is associated with Russian Communism ("red"). The OCA is modernist, but the ROCOR is traditionalist. The ROCOR is "Great Russian," while the OCA is "Little Russian." These stereotypes have their origins in the history of Russian Orthodoxy in the West, a history which is, like much of the history of the Russians, complex and often sad.

The beginnings of the OCA and the ROCOR as distinct from the Church of Russia are in the early 20th century Soviet takeover of the Russian state. When the monarchy in Russia fell and the Church of Russia began being persecuted, a group of Russian [[bishop]]s fled from northern Russia, joining with some in the southern portion of the country and organizing themselves via meetings in Constantinople and Serbia. These came to be known as the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.

Meanwhile, the Metropolia, the Russian [[diocese]] in America, which was becoming increasingly less Russian and more Carpatho-Russian (with the reception of many thousands of former [[Uniate]]s under the leadership of St. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]]), began a winding path toward independence from the jurisdiction of Moscow. The increasingly Carpatho-Russian/ex-Uniate character of the Metropolia is seen in its choice to name itself in 1906 as the ''Russian Orthodox '''Greek-Catholic''' Church in North America under the Hierarchy of the Russian Church'' (emphasis added).

Patriarch St. [[Tikhon of Moscow]], who had previously been a bishop in America, issued an ''[[Ukaz No. 362|ukaz]]'' on [[November 20]], 1920, declaring that the bishops of the Church of Russia were to see to their own organization until such time as communication with the central church administration could be coherently organized again. The Metropolia took this as a cue to declare in 1924 a state of "temporary self-government." From that point until 1970, the Church of Russia considered the Metropolia to be in [[schism]], and many of the other Orthodox churches regarded the Metropolia as uncanonical and avoided contact with it.

The bishops which came to form the ROCOR took St. Tikhon's ''ukaz'' as the basis for their own self-administration, organizing themselves in 1920. Throughout the period of Soviet rule in Russia, the ROCOR regarded the Moscow Patriarchate as compromised and refrained from communion with it, still considering itself as an integral part of the Russian Church, notably the "free part."

==1917-1946: A Tale of Two Histories==
In examining the historical accounts published by both bodies, a notable discrepancy comes to the fore. The OCA's histories describe the OCA as being the direct heir to the original Russian missionary work in Alaska and thus as the heir to Russian jurisdiction in America, especially seeking to dissociate itself from the ROCOR. ROCOR historians, by contrast, consistently maintain that the Metropolia was an integral part of the ROCOR, recognizing its authority and canonicity, and that the OCA thus represents a [[schism]] from the ROCOR and subsequent capitulation to the Soviet-dominated Moscow Patriarchate.

It can be extremely difficult for the historian to sort out the truth of the events of the years between the onset of Bolshevism in Russia and the final break between the Metropolia and the ROCOR in 1946, mainly because there are such disparate accounts of those events. Additionally, most accounts are polemical, and those which are less polemical and rely more on primary documents tend to be out of print.

===1921-1926: Initial Cooperation===
In Bp. [[Gregory (Afonsky) of Sitka|Gregory Afonsky]]'s book about the history of the OCA 1917-1934, he says that "The Metropolia... has never been part of the Karlovtsy Synod in Exile"[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/bookrev_woerl.aspx]. Concerning this time, the first period of the cooperation and then break between the Metropolia and the ROCOR, what is known is that there was some sort of cooperation starting in 1921. Metr. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]], who had previously led the Metroplia but had taken up a see in Odessa, Ukraine, succeeded Abp. [[Alexander (Nemolovsky) of the Aleutians|Alexander (Nemolovsky)]] as the leader of the North American flock in 1922.

[[Image:John Maximovitch.jpg|right|thumb|150px|St. [[John Maximovitch]]]]
ROCOR historian Fr. Alexey Young, in his history of the ROCOR, writes: "In the early 1920s, the American Church came under the jurisdiction of the Administration Abroad, which took an active administrative role in overseeing its American 'branch'—particularly on disciplinary questions such as divorce and the establishment of a new See in Alaska" (Young, p. 33). Young then writes that Platon was appointed by the Church Abroad as the leader in North America, but unbeknownst to his fellows in the Synod, "was at the same time seeking official appointment directly from Patriarch Tikhon himself. When the Patriarch refused to interfere in the decision of the Church Abroad, saying he 'did not wish to go over their heads,' Platon suddenly produced an ''ukaz'', allegedly from Tikhon, appointing him as sole and independent head of the Church in America" (ibid.). Young continues, writing, that at first the ROCOR synod accepted the decree in good faith, but its authenticity was called severely into question when in 1924 "an actual decree from the Patriarch in Moscow deposed Platon 'for having engaged in public acts of counter-revolution directed against the Soviet government'" (ibid.). An American court also ruled subsequently that the ''ukaz'' produced by Platon was a forgery. "To deal with this embarrassment, Platon convoked the Detroit ''Sobor'' in April of the same year, with the purpose of declaring the Russian Church in America 'temporarily autonomous'—that is, free of ''both'' Moscow and Karlovci" (ibid.). This sobor is listed in the archives of the OCA as the "4th All-American Sobor."

In 1926 in Karlovtsy, the ROCOR bishops met together. Platon was present and asked to renounce the "temporary autonomy" that had been proclaimed by his council in 1924. Upon his refusal, the assembled bishops condemned the Detroit sobor as "extremely dangerous and harmful for the interests of the Russian Church in America" (quoted in Young, p. 34). Platon responded with another sobor in America in January of 1927 which labelled the ROCOR as "uncanonical." One of Platon's bishops, Apollinary (Koshevoi), dissented, proclaiming his loyalty to the ROCOR, and was expelled from the Metropolia.

That the Metropolia was part of the ROCOR during this period is attested to by St. [[John Maximovitch]] in his reference to the 1926 split: "Notwithstanding the departure from the Church Abroad — and, one may say, from the Russian Church altogether — of Metropolitans Evlogy and Platon with their followers, the Russian Orthdox [''sic''] Church Outside of Russia remains the free part of the Russian Church."[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/roca_history.aspx]

===1926-1934: The Way Apart===
[[Image:Platon Rozhdestvensky.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Metr. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]]]]
In 1927, the ROCOR synod deposed Platon and appointed Apollinary to lead the American flock, and he had some success in persuading many parishes to accept his authority, including some 62 parishes in the 6 years of his governance until his death in 1933. The Russian church in America was generally "in a state of desolation and chaos, with many parishes closed, and 90 percent of the Russians now 'unchurched'" (Young, p. 35). During Apollinary's administration in America, 3 [[auxiliary bishop]]s were consecrated to assist him by the ROCOR. It was during this period that the parishes which would come to be distinctly defined as the ROCOR's American representation came to be identified.

In 1929, Platon declared that he would be willing to make peace with the ROCOR synod so long as it recognized his authority and not Apollinary's for the governance of the North American flock. When the synod denied his terms, Platon went on a legal campaign to seize parishes and properties throughout North America from Apollinary's authority. Most of the court cases he brought forward failed. His position worsened when in 1933, Metr. [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow|Sergius]], ''[[locum tenens]]'' of the patriarchal throne in Moscow, declared the "temporary self-government" of the Metropolia to be utterly void and schismatic, suspending Platon and establishing the [[Russian Exarchate of North America]].

In 1934, Platon died, being succeeded by Metr. [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco|Theophilus (Pashkovsky)]], who was almost immediately suspended in his turn by Moscow, continuing the period of Moscow's regard of the Metropolia as schismatic. After Platon's death, the ROCOR synod hoped that there could be meaningful reconciliation with the Metropolia, and thus Archimandrite [[Vitaly (Maximenko) of Jersey City|Vitaly (Maximenko)]] was consecrated in Belgrade as bishop of Detroit and sent to America to make peace. "After much travel and careful study of the Church situation in America, Bishop Vitalii reported that the reason for the American division in the Church was 'Russian stupidity,' and he called for the restoration of 'unity, organization, and discipline'" (Young, p. 36). Because of his efforts, in 1934 the ROCOR synod as a gesture of goodwill lifted its ban against the Metropolia. The patriarch of Serbia then invited all Russian bishops to meet again in Serbia to iron out their differences.

===1935-1946: Reintegration===
[[Image:Karlovtsy 1935.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The "Karlovtsy Synod" meeting in Serbia in 1935. Seated (L to R): Metropolitans Theophilus (then primate of the Metropolia) and Anthony, Patriarch Varnava, Metropolitans Evlogy and Anastasy. Standing: Archbishops Theophan and Germogen, Bishop Dimitri.]]
In 1935, Theophilus traveled to Serbia and met there with the ROCOR hierarchs, signing with them the "Temporary Regulations of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad," which divided the ROCOR into four main districts, including North America with Theophilus as its primate. In describing the agreement, Theophilus told his flock in America that "the position of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad has been strengthened by the unity and peace which have been obtained. Now we have only one center of Church administration in the Bishops' Synod in...Karlovci, where the American Metropolitan district [the Metropolia] will be represented by our elected representative" (quoted in Young, p. 36). Thus, from the point of view of the ROCOR, and certainly it would seem from the point of view of Metr. Theophilus, the Metropolia had again been reintegrated as a component part of the ROCOR.

Upon this reintegration, the Metropolia hierarchs made the following declaration to their faithful:

:With great joy, we inform you, beloved, that at our Bishop's ''Sobor'' in Pittsburgh, the 'Temporary Statue of the Russian Church Abroad,' worked out in November 1935 by our Hierarchs at the conference held under the presidency of His Holiness Patriarch of Serbia, Kyr Varnava, was unanimously accepted by all of us.... All of our Archpastors [the Metropolia bishops], headed by our Metropolitan [Theophilus], enter into the make-up of the Bishops' Council [in Karlovci] of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, which is the highest ecclesiastical organ for our whole Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, and which remains, at the same time, an inseparable part of the All-Russian Church [in the homeland] (quoted in Young, p. 41).

[[Image:Theophilus Pashkovsky.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Metr. [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco|Theophilus (Pashkovsky)]]]]
However, on the OCA website in the section regarding the 6th All-American Sobor of 1937 in New York, the claim is made that the ROCOR actually was made part of the Metropolia, confirming a 1935 agreement made in Serbia between the Metropolia's primate and the ROCOR synod:

:Moreover, Metropolitan THEOPHILUS had traveled to Serbia where, under the leadership of the Serbian Patriarch, an agreement was signed by the leading hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR) along with other exiled Russian hierarchs throughout the world forging a peaceful coexistence. Under this agreement, the American Church was to retain her administrative autonomy while maintaining close relations with the ROCOR Synod and being accountable to it only in matters of faith. The parallel jurisdictions of the Metropolia and ROCOR were thus eliminated and the four ROCOR hierarchs in North America along with their clergy and parishes were integrated into the Metropolia. The vote of the Sixth Sobor on this loose affiliation with the ROCOR was as follows: 105 for, 9 against, 122 abstentions. The large number of abstentions reveals that there was much apprehension on this issue at the council. However, in approving the matter, the council delegates showed respect and obedience to Metropolitan THEOPHILUS' primatial leadership.[http://www.oca.org/doc-aas-06-synopsis.asp?SID=8]
{{orthodoxyinamerica}}
The website then goes on to describe this "integration" as merely a "loose affiliation," which seems to contradict the notion that the two bodies were truly integrated, eliminating "parallel jurisdictions" and making the Metropolia accountable to the ROCOR in matters of faith. On another portion of the website, regarding the 7th All-American Sobor in 1946, the relationship then being severed with the ROCOR is described as having been a "temporary arrangement"[http://www.oca.org/doc-aas-07-synopsis.asp?SID=8].

The nature of the association between the Metropolia and the ROCOR is characterized quite differently by ROCOR writers:

:From 1920-1926 and 1935-1946 they recognized the authority of the bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia; that this is so is almost embarrassingly obvious and true [proof of this recognition of authority can be seen in the list of hierarchs in the Russian Desk Calendar Reference for 1941—see original article for copy of this page from the calendar—PB]. From 1946-1970 they were in effect under no one, for five bishops separated themselves from the ROCOR, but would not recognize the authority of the Moscow Patriarchate, and had absolutely no claim to calling themselves an autocephalous Church. Fully aware of the illegitimacy of their position, in 1971 some prominent theologians of the OCA brokered a deal with the Moscow Patriarchate, one that even the other Patriarchates protested was an uncanonical move.[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/bookrev_woerl.aspx]

Additionally, there are a number of concrete facts to support this interpretation:

:In 1935 Metr. Theophilus went to Sremsky Karlovits in Yugoslavia at the invitation of the Patriarch of Serbia Barnabas and under his chairmanship an agreement was worked out dividing the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad into four Metropolitan Districts: Eastern European with Metr. Anastassy as the ruling Hierarch, Western European with Metr. Evlogy as ruling Hierarch, North American with Metr. Theophilus as ruling Hierarch, and Far Eastern with Metr. Meletius (in Harbin) as ruling Hierarch... There has long been a debate as to whether Metr. Theophilus subordinated himself and the Metropolia to the Karlovits Synod by this agreement. On the principle that actions speak louder than words, note has to be taken of the fact that Bishops previously under the Exile Synod [in America] accepted the authority of Metr. Theophilus and by the same token Metr. Theophilus was very careful to follow the proper ecclesiastical protocol in asking permission of the Karlovits Synod to give the higher church awards to clergymen as well as in submitting regular reports on the life of the Church in America to Metr. Anastassy and finally in having representation up to World War II in the person of a Hierarch at the regular meetings of the Exile Synod. It is further a matter of fact that at no time did the Exile Synod see fit not to honour any of the requests of Metr. Theophilus (at the same time, in this period, there [was] no acid testing of the arrangement in terms of requesting permission for the consecration of a new bishop) (Surrency, p. 45).

Permission to consecrate a hierarch for the Metropolia was eventually requested from the Synod Abroad, however:

:...in a letter to Metr. Anastassy dated the 22nd of December 1945, permission was asked to consecrate Archimandrite John (Zlobin) as the new Bishop of Alaska. Permission for the consecration was received and it took place on the 10th of March (Orthodoxy Sunday) and the new Bishop promised obedience both to the Metropolia and to the Synod of Bishops Abroad (ibid., pp. 54-44).

In 1946, a planned All-American Sobor of the Metropolia was planned to be held in Cleveland, and a month prior to its being held, a letter was published in the Russian-American Newspaper ''Novoye Russkoye Slovo'' in New York:

:Popularly known as the Letter of the Five Professors, the document analyzed the position of the Metropolia and proposed a course of action. The authors recognized that the difficult position of the Metropolia was determined by two major facts. First, it had broken its ties with the Patriarchate of Moscow in 1933 and was viewed by the mother church as being in schism. Second, the Metropolia had subordinated itself to the Synod Abroad in 1937 (FitzGerald, 66).

The letter went on to encourage a break with the ROCOR, especially because it had allegedly "lost ties with the universal Church" when it moved its headquarters from Serbia to Germany in 1944 (ibid., 67). As such, the Metropolia should part ways with the ROCOR and woo Moscow. The letter goes to on address the question of the nature of the relationship of the Metropolia to the ROCOR:

:Subordinating ourselves to this Synod, our Church (the Metropolia) in substance subordinates itself to a group of bishops who really have no jurisdiction themselves. Because of this, some people are inclined to speak only of our cooperation with the Synod. This term "cooperation," however is not correct because the acts of 1936-1937 definitely subjected our Church under the Synod Abroad (quoted in FitzGerald, p. 67).

The letter turned out to be decisively influential in the coming sobor in Cleveland.

==1946-1970: Open Hostility==
In November of 1946, at the famous Cleveland Sobor (the "7th All-American"), after a call from Moscow for the Metropolia to renew its loyalty, a vote was held which resulted in the Metropolia's separation from the ROCOR and which declared loyalty to the Patriarchate. The voters, comprised of clergy and laity, voted 187 to 61 to reunite with the Patriarchate in the USSR. The pro-ROCOR faction within the Metropolia was understandably furious, as they regarded the Patriarchate as still compromised by the Soviet power.

The history of St. John's Cathedral in Mayfield, Pennsylvania, describes the 1946 severence of ties between the Metropolia and the ROCOR as a split within one body:

:In 1946, at the Cleveland Sobor, the Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia indicated that the church headquarters would be moved to New York. A split then occurred in the American Metropolia, and the decision was by approximately half of the bishops to disassociate with the Russian Synod Abroad.[http://www.stjohnsroc.org/History.htm]

The five bishops which refused to submit to the vote at the council—which had not been ratified by a Bishops' Council as protocol dictated, probably because doing so would have ended up with a vote against ratification, as the Council majority was pro-ROCOR—then received a letter from Theophilus indicating their exclusion from the Metropolia.

Theophilus then made a semblance of entering into negotiations with Moscow's representative (Metr. Gregory of Leningrad), but whenever Gregory thought he might meet with Theophilus, the latter was strangely unavailable. Subsequently, Theophilus preached a sermon in San Francisco on [[August 7]], 1947, saying of Gregory: "You have probably heard and read that a certain Hierarch has come here. I tell you, beloved brethren, from this holy place that this envoy would greet us in order to violate our way of life, to abolish peace, to bring dissension and discord" (Surrency, p. 57). The rumor was further spread that Gregory was carrying with him some sort of heavy trunk, possibly an atomic bomb (ibid.). In October of that year, Theophilus held a council of his bishops declaring a postponing of "forming... canonical ties of the North American Orthodox Church with the Church and Patriarch of Moscow" and to "continue, as before, maintaining full autonomy in [our] church life as stipulated by the 7th All-American Sobor at Cleveland" (ibid., p. 58).

The effect of the events of 1947-48 was to declare autonomy from the ROCOR and to have Moscow believe it was about to receive its North American diocese into its fold again only to be rebuffed without explanation. The Patriarchate subsequently declared the Metropolia again in schism and called the Metropolia bishops to answer before an ecclesiastical court for canonical violations and for declaring an anathema on one of its bishops, [[Makary (Ilyinsky) of New York|Makary (Ilyinsky)]], who had decided to reunite with the Patriarchate.

By contrast, in the OCA-sponsored book, [http://www.oca.org/MVorthchristiansnamericaTOC.asp?SID=1 ''Orthodox Christians in North America 1794 - 1994''], the authors state:

:Canonically, the jurisdictional system of ethnic churches was never stable. New jurisdictions appeared every decade with disturbing regularity, existing jurisdictions separated from their canonical authorities and joined others. The notable exception was the Metropolia. Forced to declare itself temporarily "self-governing" in 1924 to preserve itself from Communist interference, the irregular status of the Metropolia was tacitly accepted by all Orthodox in America and abroad, with the exception of the Communist-controlled Russian Orthodox Church. [http://www.oca.org/MVorthchristiansnamerica.asp?SID=1&Chap=CH8]

Fr. Andrew Philips, an English ROCOR historian, describes the 1946 split in this way, noting with some irony that the very church which refused the Metropolia recognition was the same one which gave it autocephaly:

:After 1917, they first joined together with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. However, eventually after much hesitation, a small number of Russian bishops in North America cut themselves off from the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia and formed an independent but uncanonical group, called the Metropolia. In 1970 this group was given autocephaly (independence) by the still enslaved Church in Russia.[http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/ruedaru.htm]

The question of the nature of the relationship between the ROCOR and the Metropolia during the period of 1917-1946 has significant bearing on the jurisdictional legitimacy of both the OCA and the ROCOR as they now exist. If they never had much more than a "loose association," then the OCA's argument for Orthodox primacy in America is strengthened, as it would never have been under any jurisdictional authority other than Moscow's or its own. The period from the 1920s until 1970 of tension between it and Moscow are simply a difficult period between a mission diocese and its mother church.

If, however, the Metropolia was indeed part of the ROCOR, then its claims to being the direct heir of Russia's primacy in America are thrown into question, and the legitimacy of Moscow's grant of [[autocephaly]] to the OCA in 1970 has significant problems, in that it would be favoring a rogue jurisdiction which had switched allegiances multiple times and could be said to have been in schism from its legitimate canonical authority. Far from being a "notable exception" to the canonical authority-switching of various jurisdictions, the Metropolia had gone into schism from Moscow, joined the ROCOR, gone into schism from the ROCOR, rejoined it, then gone into schism from it again, eventually to receive canonical approval in 1970 from the church in Communist Russia.

In 1963, Prof. Alexander Bogolepov, a teacher of canon law at [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Seminary]], published his ''Toward an American Orthodox Church: The Establishment of an Autocephalous Orthodox Church'', which not only dedicated a whole chapter arguing against the legitimacy of the ROCOR but also stated that the 1924 declaration of "temporary self-government" actually "meets all the necessary requirements for the establishment of an independent Autocephalous Church" (Bogolepov, p. 93). The propagation of Bogolepov's book had a major impact on the consciousness of the Metropolia, both in uniting it against the rival ROCOR and in galvanizing it for [[rapprochement]] and the grant of autocephaly from Moscow just a few years later.

==1970: Autocephaly for the OCA==
At the same time that the [[Church of Russia]] was about to declare the autocephaly of the Metropolia, it announced that it was going to begin communing [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]]. Vladimir Moss, a former ROCOR layman, writes in his ''[http://uk.geocities.com/guildfordian2002/History/OrthodoxChurch20thCenturyP1.htm The Orthodox Church in the Twentieth Century]'':

:...in October, 1969, Metropolitan Nicodemus gave communion to Catholic students in the Russicum in Rome. This was followed, on December 16, by a decision of the Russian Holy Synod to give permission to Orthodox clergy to administer the sacraments to Old Believers and Catholics... The decision of the Moscow Patriarchate to give communion to Catholics put the other Russian jurisdiction in North America, the Metropolia, into a difficult position; for in the early 1960s the Metropolia (a body in schism from the ROCA since 1946) had been, through Fathers John Meyendorff and Alexander Schmemann, among the most conservative participants in the ecumenical movement.[http://uk.geocities.com/guildfordian2002/History/OrthodoxChurch20thCenturyP3.htm]

He further writes that the autocephaly about to be received from Moscow was part of a secret deal between the Metropolia and Moscow, and that the price of the Metropolia's autocephaly was to be the newly revitalized [[Church of Japan]]:

:However, this Church had been secretly negotiating with the Moscow Patriarchate for a grant of autocephaly. According to the deal eventually agreed upon, the patriarchate was to declare the Metropolia to be the autocephalous Orthodox Church of America (OCA) in exchange for the Japanese parishes of the Metropolia coming within the jurisdiction of the patriarchate. This deal, which was recognized by none of the other Autocephalous Churches and was to the advantage, in the long run, only of the patriarchate and the KGB, was made public in December, 1969 – just at the moment that the patriarchate announced that it had entered into partial communion with the Catholics. Thus the former Metropolia found that it had been granted autocephaly by a Church that was now in communion with the Catholics.[http://uk.geocities.com/guildfordian2002/History/OrthodoxChurch20thCenturyP3.htm]

In October of 1970, the synod of the ROCOR sent the following declaration to the bishops of the Metropolia:

:It is impossible for the Moscow Patriarchate, under the complete control of the Soviet atheistic regime which has set for itself the goal of destroying all religion, to do anything which could be to the overall benefit of the Church and it must be remembered that the Moscow Patriarchate cannot engage in foreign affairs without a direct order of the Soviet government.... It is not our intention to inflict upon you any hurt, but rather to give you again a brotherly warning of the danger now threatening you.... The Synod of Bishops [Abroad] has not forgotten that until very recently we and you were united in one Russian Orthodox Church Abroad.... We grieved when this unity was disrupted.... In your hearts you must all know that the Moscow Patriarchate in its present form is not the true representative of the Russian Orthodox Church.... There we are addressing you all, Bishops, Pastors, and Laity, for the last time. Let all other considerations fall. Return back to the unity of the free [Church] before it is too late (quoted in Young, p. 62).

Young continues: "This appeal, as all the others since the Metropolia's second schism in 1946, went unheeded, although over the next dozen years a few Metropolia parishes returned to the Church Abroad" (ibid.). The negotiations with Moscow had been completed, and the Metropolia returned to communion with the Patriarchate and immediately received a [[tomos]] of [[autocephaly]] from it.

[[Image:OCA autocephaly.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Tomos of Autocephaly being received by Bishop [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius of Alaska]] (later Metropolitan of the OCA) on behalf of the Metropolia from Metropolitan Pimen, [[locum tenens]] of the Patriarchate of Moscow, [[May 18]], 1970.]]
The ROCOR's 1971 reaction was thus as follows:

:The Council of Bishops, having listened to the report of the Synod of Bishops concerning the so-called Metropolia's having received autocephaly from the Patriarchate of Moscow, approves all the steps taken in due course by the Synod of Bishops to convince Metropolitan Irinei and his colleagues of the perniciousness of a step which deepens the division which was the result of the decision of the Cleveland Council of 1946 which broke away from the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia.

:The American Metropolia has received its autocephaly from the Patriarchate of Moscow, which has not possessed genuine canonical succession from His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon from the time when Metropolitan Sergii, who later called himself Patriarch, violated his oath with regard to Metropolitan Petr, the locum tenens of the patriarchal throne, and set out upon a path which was then condemned by the senior hierarchs of the Church of Russia. Submitting all the more to the commands of the atheistic, anti-Christian regime, the Patriarchate of Moscow has ceased to be that which expresses the voice of the Russian Orthodox Church. For this reason, as the Synod of Bishops has correctly declared, none of its acts, including the bestowal of autocephaly upon the American Metropolia, has legal force. Furthermore, apart from this, this act, which affects the rights of many Churches, has elicited definite protests on the part of a number of Orthodox Churches, who have even severed communion with the American Metropolia.

:Viewing this illicit act with sorrow, and acknowledging it to be null and void, the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia, which has hitherto not abandoned hope for the restoration of ecclesiastical unity in America, sees in the declaration of American autocephaly a step which will lead the American Metropolia yet farther away from the ecclesiastical unity of the Church of Russia. Perceiving therein a great sin against the enslaved and suffering Church of Russia, the Council of Bishops ''DECIDES'': henceforth, neither the clergy nor the laity [of the Russian Church Abroad] are to have communion in prayer or the divine services with the hierarchy or clergy of the American Metropolia.[http://uk.geocities.com/guildfordian2002/History/OrthodoxChurch20thCenturyP3.htm]

In the same year (1971) that the ROCOR issued its rejection of the OCA's autocephaly (following similar rejections by all the ancient patriarchates; see ''[[Byzantine response to OCA autocephaly]]''), the OCA took under its jurisdiction a former ROCOR parish in Australia, thus creating another parallel jurisdiction in a nation outside the borders of the OCA:

:As a result of a court case between a group of parishioners and the Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (ROCA), four of the Clergy and one parish, as well as groups of parishioners, broke away from ROCA. They applied to the Orthodox Church in America -- then known as the Metropolia -- to be taken under its protection. This was granted immediately.[http://holytrinity-la.org/engl/pages/general/hist4.html#anchor557188]

Thus, the rivalry between the ROCOR and the OCA became ever more strident, and the reception of autocephaly from Moscow by the OCA at the same time came to be seen by many Russians in the [[diaspora]] as a capitulation to the Soviet domination of the Russian Church, expressed, for instance, in these words by the famous writer [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] (newly exiled in the West) in reaction to this act: "How can this be? Out of compassion for those in bondage, instead of knocking the chains off of them, to put them also upon oneself? Out of compassion for slaves, to bend one's own neck in submission beneath the yoke?"[http://gnisios.narod.ru/rocorsobors.html]

As the ROCOR protested the action of the Moscow Patriarchate, the OCA began distributing reports regarding the ROCOR denying that the Metropolia had ever been a part of it, that the ROCOR was "uncanonical," and that it should be avoided by OCA faithful. The OCA was joined in this effort by Abp. [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos (Coucouzis)]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]], whose [[ecumenism|ecumenical]] activities in the 1960s and 1970s had seen the departure of some of his scandalized clergy to the Church Abroad, including the whole of [[Holy Transfiguration Monastery (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Transfiguration Monastery]] in Brookline, Massachusetts. Up to that point, the Greek Archdiocese had been in [[full communion]] with the ROCOR.

==Early 1980s: The OCA Calendar Schism==
[[Image:St Basil Simpson.jpg|right|thumb|200px|St. Basil the Great Russian Orthodox Church (Simpson, PA), which has been in the [[Church of Russia|MP]], the [[OCA]], and the [[ROCOR]].]]
In 1982, Bishop [[Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York|Herman (Swaiko) of Philadelphia]], the OCA's bishop for Eastern Pennsylvania, decreed that all of his parishes would begin using the [[Revised Julian Calendar]]. Some were already using it, but others had been using the [[Julian Calendar]] steadily up to that point.

As a result of this decree, internal schisms occurred in parishes throughout the diocese, particularly in the OCA heartland of the Wyoming Valley (Scranton and Wilkes-Barre area). St. John's Cathedral in Mayfield broke completely from the OCA (having come to it in 1951 from the ROCOR), and two parishes split into two congregations, creating two new parishes in Old Forge (St. Stephen's, splitting from St. Michael's and building a new church) and Simpson (St. Basil's, keeping its building, while those remaining with the OCA found new worship space). In numerous other parishes, migrations occurred of faithful, segregating themselves according to calendar preference—those preferring the Julian Calendar went with ROCOR, while those choosing the revised calendar stayed with the OCA.

This division further intensified hostile feelings between the OCA and the ROCOR, which was then entering into a phase of providing a haven for disaffected parishes and clergy seeking refuge from "modernist" jurisdictions. Much of that sort of behavior ROCOR historian Fr. Alexey Young ascribes to the influence of [[Holy Transfiguration Monastery (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Transfiguration Monastery]]'s incorporation into the Russian Church Abroad.

==2001-present: Warming of Relations==
[[Image:Bishops Peter and Nikolai.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Bishops [[Peter (Loukianoff) of Cleveland|Peter]] ([[ROCOR]]) and [[Nikolai (Soraich) of Sitka and Anchorage|Nikolai]] ([[OCA]]) greet one another at an OCA episcopal consecration service in May 2005.]]
Since the election of Metropolitan [[Laurus (Skurla) of New York]] as First Hierarch of the ROCOR and that body's subsequent ongoing rapprochement with Moscow, signs have appeared of better relations between the OCA and ROCOR. Seminarians studying at OCA seminaries have attended retreats at the ROCOR's [[Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary (Jordanville, New York)]], and ROCOR seminarians have also participated in [[OISM]] events at OCA seminaries. The first member of the OCA to study at Holy Trinity Seminary, Vitaly Efimenkov, graduated in 2002. It is also worth noting that several graduates of Holy Trinity Seminary, upon recieving their Bachelor of Theology, went on to recieve Masters Degrees from [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Seminary]]. The most recent graduate of both Holy Trinity and St. Vladimir's is Andrei Psarev, instructor of Russian Church History at Holy Trinity.

Warmly worded letters from the OCA hierarchy have also been sent to the ROCOR hierarchy.[http://www.oca.org/Docs.asp?ID=49&SID=12] Further, pilgrims from the ROCOR have visited the OCA [[metochion]] in Moscow [http://www.st-catherine.ru/en/news/0118.htm] and Metropolitan Laurus has received representatives of the OCA for informal discussions.[http://www.st-catherine.ru/en/news/0113.htm] Additionally, the OCA's chancellor and one of its senior priests have attended a banquet at a ROCOR clergy conference.[http://www.orthodoxnews.netfirms.com/53/OCA%20Chancellor.htm]

Perhaps with these signs of greater cooperation, these two daughters of Russian Orthodoxy in the West will come to terms with their mutual history and fully reconcile.

==Timeline of Parish and Monastery Transfers==
Throughout the mutual history of the ROCOR and the OCA, especially since the split in 1946, numerous communities have changed hands back and forth between the two bodies, usually following a dispute between the community and its bishop. Typically, not all parishioners switched jurisdictions together, and transfers usually were accompanied by a parish split, whether just a few individuals or a major portion of the parish. Below is a chart listing many of these transfers.

{| border="1" class="toccolours" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="clear:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size:95%; text-align:left; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-size:150%;" | ROCOR & OCA Community Transfers
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| '''Year'''
| '''Community'''
| '''From'''
| '''To'''
|-
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1951
| St. John the Baptist Cathedral (Mayfield, PA)
| ROCOR
| OCA
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1964
| Protection of the Holy Virgin (Ottawa, Canada)
| ROCOR
| OCA
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1970
| Protection of the Holy Virgin (Ottawa, Canada)
| OCA
| ROCOR
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1971
| St. Nicholas Church (Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia)
| ROCOR
| OCA
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1972
| Holy Ghost Church (Bridgeport, CT)
| OCA
| ROCOR
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1976
| Bp. [[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh|Kyrill]] and the [[Bulgarian Diocese in Exile|Bulgarian Diocese]]: 
*St. Nicholas Church (Fort Wayne, IN)
*St. Nicholas Church (Burton, MI)
*St. Paul Cathedral (Dearborn Heights, MI)
*St. Elia the Prophet Church (Akron, OH)
*Ss. Cyril and Methodius Church (Lorain, OH)
*St. George Cathedral (Rossford, OH)
*Holy Ghost Church (Youngstown, OH)
*St. John Rilski Church (Niagara Falls, ON)
*St. George Church (Toronto, ON)
| ROCOR
| OCA
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1977
| Holy Ghost Church (Bridgeport, CT)
| ROCOR
| OCA
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1982
| St. John the Baptist Cathedral (Mayfield, PA)
| OCA
| ROCOR
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1982
| St. Basil the Great (Simpson, PA)
| OCA
| ROCOR
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1982
| St. Stephen (Old Forge, PA)
| OCA
| ROCOR
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 1997
| [[Monastery of the Glorious Ascension (Resaca, Georgia)|Monastery of the Glorious Ascension (Resaca, GA)]]
| OCA
| ROCOR
|}

==Sources==
*Bogolepov, Alexander A. ''Toward an American Orthodox Church: The Establishment of an Autocephalous Orthodox Church''. Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2001.
*Budzilovich, P.N. [http://gnisios.narod.ru/rocorsobors.html A Summary-View of the Three Previous ROCA Sobors], 2000
*FitzGerald, Thomas E. ''The Orthodox Church''. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998.
*Lebedeff, Fr. Alexander. [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/general/amer_jur.aspx Orthodox Jurisdictions in America]
*Liberovsky, Alexis. [http://www.oca.org/doc-aas-04-synopsis.asp?SID=8 Synopsis of the 4th All-American Sobor] (1924)
*Liberovsky, Alexis. [http://www.oca.org/doc-aas-05-synopsis.asp?SID=8 Synopsis of the 5th All-American Sobor] (1934)
*Liberovsky, Alexis. [http://www.oca.org/doc-aas-06-synopsis.asp?SID=8 Synopsis of the 6th All-American Sobor] (1937)
*Liberovsky, Alexis. [http://www.oca.org/doc-aas-07-synopsis.asp?SID=8 Synopsis of the 7th All-American Sobor] (1946)
*Liberovsky, Alexis. [http://www.oca.org/DOC-AAC-05-synopsis.asp?SID=12 Synopsis of the 5th All-American Council] (1977)
*Matusiak, Fr. John. [http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=49&SID=3 Q&A: OCA and ROCOR]
*Matusiak, Fr. John. [http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=50&SID=3 Q&A: Russian Orthodox Church in America]
*Maximovitch, St. John. [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/roca_history.aspx History of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad] (from ''The Orthodox Word'', 1971)
*Moss, Vladimir. [http://uk.geocities.com/guildfordian2002/History/OrthodoxChurch20thCenturyP1.htm ''The Orthodox Church in the Twentieth Century'']
*Phillips, Fr. Andrew. [http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/ruedaru.htm The Last Days of Rue Daru?], 2005
*Rodzianko, M. [http://www.monasterypress.com/anonftp/pub/Rocatruth.pdf ''The Truth About the Russian Church Abroad''], 1954 (tr. 1975)
*Stokoe, Mark and Kishkovsky, Fr. Leonid. [http://www.oca.org/MVorthchristiansnamericaTOC.asp?SID=1 ''Orthodox Christians in North America 1794 - 1994'']
*Surrency, Archim. Serafim. ''The Quest for Orthodox Church Unity in America'', 1973
*Woerl, Michael. [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/bookrev_woerl.aspx Book Review: A History of the Orthodox Church in America (1917-1934)]
*Young, Fr. Alexey. ''The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia: A History and Chronology'', 1993

===Parish histories===
* [http://www.stjohnsroc.org/History.htm History of Saint John the Baptist Russian Orthodox Cathedral] (Mayfield, PA)
*[http://holytrinity-la.org/engl/pages/general/hist4.html History of the Holy Orthodox Church: Part IV - Orthodoxy in Australia], [http://holytrinity-la.org/ Holy Trinity Romanian Orthodox Church] (Los Angeles, CA)

==External links==
===OCA===
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=49&SID=3 Q&A: OCA and ROCOR]
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=50&SID=3 Q&A: Russian Orthodox Church in America]

===ROCOR===
*[http://www.monasterypress.com/anonftp/pub/Rocatruth.pdf The Truth About the Russian Church Abroad], by M. Rodzianko
*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/bookrev_woerl.aspx Book Review: A History of the Orthodox Church in America (1917-1934)], a ROCOR layman critiques a history by an OCA bishop
*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/general/amer_jur.aspx Orthodox Jurisdictions in America], by Fr. Alexander Lebedeff

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[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T13:39:35Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[crozier]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Eminence Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the New Martyrs of Russia at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on [[December 11|11/24 of December]].

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Solikamsk|
years=1917-1918|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=[[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]]|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T13:38:31Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[crozier]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Eminence Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on [[December 11|11/24 of December]].

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Solikamsk|
years=1917-1918|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=[[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]]|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T13:14:33Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[crozier]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Eminence Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Solikamsk|
years=1917-1918|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=[[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]]|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T13:09:40Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Eminence Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Solikamsk|
years=1917-1918|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=[[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]]|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T13:08:17Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Solikamsk|
years=1917-1918|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=[[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]]|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T13:07:44Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Solikamsk|
years=1917-1918|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=[[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]]|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T13:02:27Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T13:01:02Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the spiritual [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[bishop|episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T12:57:04Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the spiritual [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Andronik of Perm|Archbishop Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii)

2006-03-17T12:54:21Z

INK:

#REDIRECT [[Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk

2006-03-17T12:53:02Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the spiritual [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Archbishop]] [[Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Andronik of Perm

2006-03-17T12:52:27Z

INK:

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
The holy, glorious, right-victorious [[hieromartyr]] '''Andronik of Perm''' was a [[bishop]] in the [[Church of Russia]] during the closing years of the Russian Empire and into the early years of the Bolshevik regime. He was among the many New Martyrs and Confessors of the Bolshevik years. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[June 4]].

==Life==
[[Image:Andronik of Perm.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm]]St. Andronik was born Vladimir Nikolsky on [[August 1]], 1870, in Povodnevo, a village in Myshkin uyezd, Yaroslavl [[diocese]]. His father was a [[deacon]]. After finishing studies at the Yaroslavl Seminary in 1891, he entered the Moscow Theological Academy. On [[August 1]], 1893, during his studies in Moscow he was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] and given the name of Andronik. On [[July 22]], 1895, he was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[priest]]hood.

After graduation, he was assigned as inspector and instructor, first, to the theological [[seminary]] of Kutaisi in the Caucasus and then at the seminary at Ardon.

In 1897, he was assigned to the Russian Orthodox mission to Japan, under Bishop Nicholas (Kasatkin), later known as St. [[Nicholas of Japan]], to assist in the missionary work that he began in 1861. [[Hieromonk]] Andronik was very surprised by this assignment and felt inadequate for the position, but ultimately he accepted it as God's will. His journey began in St. Petersburg on [[September 21]], 1897, and then continued from Odessa with Archimandrite [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow|Sergius (Stragorodsky)]] on [[October 26]]. Traveling through European countries and the U.S.A. then on to Japan, they arrived in Japan on [[December 26]]. He wrote and published a book about this journey, ''A Missionary Journey to Japan'' (Kazan, 1899). [[Image: Bishop_Adronik_Kyoto.jpg |thumb|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm as Bishop of Kyoto (1907)]]

On [[November 5]], 1906, Andronik was consecrated [[bishop]] of Kyoto and assistant to Bp. Nicholas. He was the first bishop of Kyoto, which is the seat of the West Japan diocese of the Orthodox [[Church of Japan]]. Although Bishop Andronik was the bishop of Kyoto, he lived in nearby Osaka which, while it then was the second largest city in Japan, was also the area where most Orthodox faithful lived. After he arrived in Osaka, he began to feel ill and found performing his duties difficult. After serving in Osaka for three months he asked leave to resign and to depart from Japan, and on [[May 27]], 1907, he left Japan and returned to Russia. There he was assigned on [[October 26]] to be the deputy to Bishop Eulogius of Kholm. In 1908, he was assigned as bishop of Tikhvin in Novgorod diocese.

Bp. Andronik was a firm supporter of the Tsar. From his point of view it was God's will to let him reign over the empire, and thus that monarchy was the appropriate way for Christians. But this did not mean he supported tyranny. Rather, the Tsar should listen to his people so that all may have peace.

On [[July 30]], 1914, he was appointed bishop of Perm and Solikamsk. Eleven days before, on [[July 19]], World War I began. As the war progressed he worked energetically for the 1.5 million inhabitants and 570 churches in the region.

In summer 1916 he travelled to the army headquarters outside St. Petersburg where Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] was leading the White Army. The purpose of the trip was to warn the Tsar about [[Rasputin]]. However, the Tsar would not take him seriously, and his trip failed. But Nicholas II was pleased with the gift Andronik gave him on behalf of his people, a pair of soldier's boots like those the province of Perm provided the army.

In 1917, he became Bishop of Perm and Kungur and became one of the seven hierarchs in the pre-conciliar council of the Local Council of the Russian Church in Moscow. He was active throughout the council, from August 1917 until April 1918, which was the end of its second session. As the agitation of the Bolshevik take-over intensified on [[January 25]], 1918, Adronik made a written appeal to the faithful to defend the heritage of the Church from the aggressors and looters, as attacks became more frequent.

In February, Bolsheviks in the Perm region started to loot [[church]]es and monasteries. After the second session of the council ended, Andronik returned to Perm. Patriarch [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] had raised him to the rank of [[archbishop]] on [[April 12]], [[Palm Sunday]]. On Holy Thursday, [[April 16]], the Bolsheviks carried out a search of his residence. He remained calm and continued the [[Holy Week]] services and that of [[Pascha]].

The Bolshevik authorities increased pressure on the Church in the following weeks. Finally Abp. Andronik was arrested at midnight on [[July 17]]. [[Clergy]] in Perm went on strike from the night he was arrested until [[July 26]], halting all divine services in the region except [[baptism]] and the last rites for the dying. But, on [[July 7]], 1918, Abp. Andronik was martyred, being buried alive and shot.

In 2000, the Church of Russia glorified him as '''Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop of Perm''', one of Russia's New Martyrs and Confessors.

==External link==
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Kyoto|
years=1906-1907|
after=[[Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan|Sergius (Tikhonmirov)]]|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Vicar to Bishop of Eulogis of Kholm|
years=1907-1908|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Tikhvin|
years=1908-1914|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1914-1918|
after=[[Theophanes (Il'minskii) of Solikamsk|Theophanes (Il'minskii)]]}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii)

2006-03-17T12:51:37Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm', was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the spiritual [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Archbishop]] [[Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii)

2006-03-17T12:49:31Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk and acting Bishop of Perm' was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in 1867 in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the spiritual [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Archbishop]] [[Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii)

2006-03-17T12:47:21Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk (1867-1918) was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the spiritual [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Archbishop]] [[Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a locally venerated [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Theophanes (Il'minskii)

2006-03-17T12:46:35Z

INK:

==Life==
[[Hieromartyr]] Theophanes (Il’minskii), Bishop of Solikamsk (1867-1918) was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in the family of a [[deacon]] of the Saratov region. On finishing the spiritual [[seminary]], Sergius became a student of the [[Kazan’ Spiritual Academy]], completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the [[Law of God]] in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the [[Valaam Monastery]] where he was shorn into into [[monasticism]] the following year under the name of Theophanes, and granted the title of [[archimandrite]]. The same year he became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became the rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk Monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the [[episcopate]] of Solikamsk, [[vicar]] of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop was granted to use the [[episcopal staff]] of [[St. Stephen the Enlightener of Great Perm’]].

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when Bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of [[Archbishop]] [[Andronicus]] who departed to the [[Local Council of the Russian Church]], he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like Archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 Bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’ to rally the believers. When his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...anyone, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread Judgment of the Almighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, Bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the [[Permian diocese]] and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the White troops, St. Theophanes accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen at the hands of the Bolsheviks. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River Bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was [[canonized]] as a [[locally venerated]] [[saint]] of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the [[Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church]] on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

Theophanes (Il'minskii)

2006-03-17T12:34:13Z

INK:

==Life==
Hieromartyr Theophanes (Il’menskii), Bishop of Solikamsk (1867-1918) was born Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, in the family of a deacon of the Saratov region. On finishing the spiritual seminary, Sergius Il’menskii became a student of the Kazan’ Spiritual Academy, completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the Law of God in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the Valaam monastery. In September of 1914 he was shorn into monasticism with the name of Theophanes and granted the title of archimandrite. In 1914 archimandrite Theophanes became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became a rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the episcopate of Solikamsk, vicar of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop Theophanes was granted the episcopal staff of St. Stephan the Enlightener of Great Perm’.

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of bishop Andronicus who departed to the Local Council of the Russian Church, he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In the beginning of 1918 bishop Theophanes led an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’. In 1918, when his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...any, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread judgment of the Allmighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent..."

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the Permian diocese and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 the bishop was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the Siberian White troops, he accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was canonized as a locally-venerated saint of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

==Sources and Links==
*Hieromonk Damaskenos (Orlovskii), ''Mucheniki, ispovedniki i podvizhniki blagochestiia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi XXgo stoletiia. Zhizneopisaniia i materialy k nim'', Book 2, Tver', "Bulat", 1996, 451-452.
*

Theophanes (Il'minskii)

2006-03-17T12:19:24Z

INK:

Hieromartyr Theophanes (Il’menskii), Bishop of Solikamsk (Sergius Petrovich Il’menskii, 1867-1918)

He was born in the family of a deacon of the Saratov region. On finishing the spiritual seminary, Sergius Il’menskii became a student of the Kazan’ Spiritual Academy, completing his coursework in 1894. In 1898 he was consecrated into priesthood, after which he labored as an instructor of the Law of God in various secular schools of the Saratov region.

In August of 1913 Fr. Sergius entered the brotherhood of the Valaam monastery. In September of 1914 he was shorn into monasticism with the name of Theophanes and granted the title of archimandrite. In 1914 archimandrite Theophanes became an inspector of the Balashov Spritual College, and in 1916 he moved to Perm’, where he later became a rector of the Permian Spiritual Seminary and the archimandrite of the Solikamsk monastery of the Holy Trinity.

His elevation to the episcopate of Solikamsk, vicar of the Permian diocese, took place in the main cathedral of Perm’ on February 26, 1917. The newly consecrated bishop Theophanes was granted the episcopal staff of St. Stephan the Enlightener of Great Perm’.

Before the beginning of August of 1917, when bishop Theophanes had to temporarily assume the post of bishop Andronicus who departed to the Local Council of the Russian Church, he almost never exited the borders of his vicariate. However, in order to truly come to know his flock he went around his whole vicariate on foot.

His contemporaries knew him as a great man of prayer and as a faster. Like archbishop Andronicus, he was fearless in unmasking the falsehoods of the Godless. In 1918, when his Holy Tritinty monastery was asked to sumit the plans of its fields to the new authorities, Bishop Theophanes replied: "...any, who should dare for any purpose to seize the Church's landed estates and any other property of the Church of God shall stand before the Dread judgment of the Allmighty God. Without the permission of my hierarch, His Grace Andronicus, I have no right to permit the plans to be sent..."

In the beginning of 1918 bishop Theophanes headed an unprecedented great procession with the cross that took place in Perm’.

Upon Archbishop Andronicus' arrest on June 17, bishop Theophanes accepted the charge of the Permian diocese and moved to Perm' on June 22. But his tenure was brief - at the end of the summer of 1918 bishop Theophanes was arrested. On December 11, 1918, a few days before Perm' was taken by the Siberian White troops, the bishop accepted a martyr's death together with two priests and five laymen. In the freezing temperature of -30°C on the bank of the Kama River bishop Theophanes was repeatedly dipped into a hole cut in the ice while he was still alive, after which he was drowned, and the priests and laymen were drowned with him.

Hieromartyr Theophanes was canonized as a locally-venerated saint of the Permian diocese in 1998 and glorified for universal veneration among the saints at the Jubilee Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church on 13-16 of August, 2000. His memory is celebrated on 11/24 of December.

Andronik of Perm

2006-03-17T11:08:41Z

INK:

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
The holy, glorious, right-victorious [[hieromartyr]] '''Andronik of Perm''' was a [[bishop]] in the [[Church of Russia]] during the closing years of the Russian Empire and into the early years of the Bolshevik regime. He was among the many New Martyrs and Confessors of the Bolshevik years. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[June 4]].

==Life==
[[Image:Andronik of Perm.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm]]St. Andronik was born Vladimir Nikolsky on [[August 1]], 1870, in Povodnevo, a village in Myshkin uyezd, Yaroslavl [[diocese]]. His father was a [[deacon]]. After finishing studies at the Yaroslavl Seminary in 1891, he entered the Moscow Theological Academy. On [[August 1]], 1893, during his studies in Moscow he was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] and given the name of Andronik. On [[July 22]], 1895, he was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[priest]]hood.

After graduation, he was assigned as inspector and instructor, first, to the theological [[seminary]] of Kutaisi in the Caucasus and then at the seminary at Ardon.

In 1897, he was assigned to the Russian Orthodox mission to Japan, under Bishop Nicholas (Kasatkin), later known as St. [[Nicholas of Japan]], to assist in the missionary work that he began in 1861. [[Hieromonk]] Andronik was very surprised by this assignment and felt inadequate for the position, but ultimately he accepted it as God's will. His journey began in St. Petersburg on [[September 21]], 1897, and then continued from Odessa with Archimandrite [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow|Sergius (Stragorodsky)]] on [[October 26]]. Traveling through European countries and the U.S.A. then on to Japan, they arrived in Japan on [[December 26]]. He wrote and published a book about this journey, ''A Missionary Journey to Japan'' (Kazan, 1899). [[Image: Bishop_Adronik_Kyoto.jpg |thumb|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm as Bishop of Kyoto (1907)]]

On [[November 5]], 1906, Andronik was consecrated [[bishop]] of Kyoto and assistant to Bp. Nicholas. He was the first bishop of Kyoto, which is the seat of the West Japan diocese of the Orthodox [[Church of Japan]]. Although Bishop Andronik was the bishop of Kyoto, he lived in nearby Osaka which, while it then was the second largest city in Japan, was also the area where most Orthodox faithful lived. After he arrived in Osaka, he began to feel ill and found performing his duties difficult. After serving in Osaka for three months he asked leave to resign and to depart from Japan, and on [[May 27]], 1907, he left Japan and returned to Russia. There he was assigned on [[October 26]] to be the deputy to Bishop Eulogius of Kholm. In 1908, he was assigned as bishop of Tikhvin in Novgorod diocese.

Bp. Andronik was a firm supporter of the Tsar. From his point of view it was God's will to let him reign over the empire, and thus that monarchy was the appropriate way for Christians. But this did not mean he supported tyranny. Rather, the Tsar should listen to his people so that all may have peace.

On [[July 30]], 1914, he was appointed bishop of Perm and Solikamsk. Eleven days before, on [[July 19]], World War I began. As the war progressed he worked energetically for the 1.5 million inhabitants and 570 churches in the region.

In summer 1916 he travelled to the army headquarters outside St. Petersburg where Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] was leading the White Army. The purpose of the trip was to warn the Tsar about [[Rasputin]]. However, the Tsar would not take him seriously, and his trip failed. But Nicholas II was pleased with the gift Andronik gave him on behalf of his people, a pair of soldier's boots like those the province of Perm provided the army.

In 1917, he became Bishop of Perm and Kungur and became one of the seven hierarchs in the pre-conciliar council of the Local Council of the Russian Church in Moscow. He was active throughout the council, from August 1917 until April 1918, which was the end of its second session. As the agitation of the Bolshevik take-over intensified on [[January 25]], 1918, Adronik made a written appeal to the faithful to defend the heritage of the Church from the aggressors and looters, as attacks became more frequent.

In February, Bolsheviks in the Perm region started to loot [[church]]es and monasteries. After the second session of the council ended, Andronik returned to Perm. Patriarch [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] had raised him to the rank of [[archbishop]] on [[April 12]], [[Palm Sunday]]. On Holy Thursday, [[April 16]], the Bolsheviks carried out a search of his residence. He remained calm and continued the [[Holy Week]] services and that of [[Pascha]].

The Bolshevik authorities increased pressure on the Church in the following weeks. Finally Abp. Andronik was arrested at midnight on [[July 17]]. [[Clergy]] in Perm went on strike from the night he was arrested until [[July 26]], halting all divine services in the region except [[baptism]] and the last rites for the dying. But, on [[July 7]], 1918, Abp. Andronik was martyred, being buried alive and shot.

In 2000, the Church of Russia glorified him as '''Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop of Perm''', one of Russia's New Martyrs and Confessors.

==External link==
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Kyoto|
years=1906-1907|
after=[[Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan|Sergius (Tikhonmirov)]]|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Vicar to Bishop of Eulogis of Kholm|
years=1907-1908|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Tikhvin|
years=1908-1914|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1914-1918|
after=[[Theophanes (Il'minskii)]]|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Andronik of Perm

2006-03-17T11:05:48Z

INK: /* External link */

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
The holy, glorious, right-victorious hieromartyr '''Andronik of Perm''' was a [[bishop]] in the [[Church of Russia]] during the closing years of the Russian Empire and into the early years of the Bolshevik regime. He was among the many New Martyrs and Confessors of the Bolshevik years. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[June 4]].

==Life==
[[Image:Andronik of Perm.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm]]St. Andronik was born Vladimir Nikolsky on [[August 1]], 1870, in Povodnevo, a village in Myshkin uyezd, Yaroslavl [[diocese]]. His father was a [[deacon]]. After finishing studies at the Yaroslavl Seminary in 1891, he entered the Moscow Theological Academy. On [[August 1]], 1893, during his studies in Moscow he was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] and given the name of Andronik. On [[July 22]], 1895, he was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[priest]]hood.

After graduation, he was assigned as inspector and instructor, first, to the theological [[seminary]] of Kutaisi in the Caucasus and then at the seminary at Ardon.

In 1897, he was assigned to the Russian Orthodox mission to Japan, under Bishop Nicholas (Kasatkin), later known as St. [[Nicholas of Japan]], to assist in the missionary work that he began in 1861. [[Hieromonk]] Andronik was very surprised by this assignment and felt inadequate for the position, but ultimately he accepted it as God's will. His journey began in St. Petersburg on [[September 21]], 1897, and then continued from Odessa with Archimandrite [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow|Sergius (Stragorodsky)]] on [[October 26]]. Traveling through European countries and the U.S.A. then on to Japan, they arrived in Japan on [[December 26]]. He wrote and published a book about this journey, ''A Missionary Journey to Japan'' (Kazan, 1899). [[Image: Bishop_Adronik_Kyoto.jpg |thumb|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm as Bishop of Kyoto (1907)]]

On [[November 5]], 1906, Andronik was consecrated [[bishop]] of Kyoto and assistant to Bp. Nicholas. He was the first bishop of Kyoto, which is the seat of the West Japan diocese of the Orthodox [[Church of Japan]]. Although Bishop Andronik was the bishop of Kyoto, he lived in nearby Osaka which, while it then was the second largest city in Japan, was also the area where most Orthodox faithful lived. After he arrived in Osaka, he began to feel ill and found performing his duties difficult. After serving in Osaka for three months he asked leave to resign and to depart from Japan, and on [[May 27]], 1907, he left Japan and returned to Russia. There he was assigned on [[October 26]] to be the deputy to Bishop Eulogius of Kholm. In 1908, he was assigned as bishop of Tikhvin in Novgorod diocese.

Bp. Andronik was a firm supporter of the Tsar. From his point of view it was God's will to let him reign over the empire, and thus that monarchy was the appropriate way for Christians. But this did not mean he supported tyranny. Rather, the Tsar should listen to his people so that all may have peace.

On [[July 30]], 1914, he was appointed bishop of Perm and Solikamsk. Eleven days before, on [[July 19]], World War I began. As the war progressed he worked energetically for the 1.5 million inhabitants and 570 churches in the region.

In summer 1916 he travelled to the army headquarters outside St. Petersburg where Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] was leading the White Army. The purpose of the trip was to warn the Tsar about [[Rasputin]]. However, the Tsar would not take him seriously, and his trip failed. But Nicholas II was pleased with the gift Andronik gave him on behalf of his people, a pair of soldier's boots like those the province of Perm provided the army.

In 1917, he became Bishop of Perm and Kungur and became one of the seven hierarchs in the pre-conciliar council of the Local Council of the Russian Church in Moscow. He was active throughout the council, from August 1917 until April 1918, which was the end of its second session. As the agitation of the Bolshevik take-over intensified on [[January 25]], 1918, Adronik made a written appeal to the faithful to defend the heritage of the Church from the aggressors and looters, as attacks became more frequent.

In February, Bolsheviks in the Perm region started to loot [[church]]es and monasteries. After the second session of the council ended, Andronik returned to Perm. Patriarch [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] had raised him to the rank of [[archbishop]] on [[April 12]], [[Palm Sunday]]. On Holy Thursday, [[April 16]], the Bolsheviks carried out a search of his residence. He remained calm and continued the [[Holy Week]] services and that of [[Pascha]].

The Bolshevik authorities increased pressure on the Church in the following weeks. Finally Abp. Andronik was arrested at midnight on [[July 17]]. [[Clergy]] in Perm went on strike from the night he was arrested until [[July 26]], halting all divine services in the region except [[baptism]] and the last rites for the dying. But, on [[July 7]], 1918, Abp. Andronik was martyred, being buried alive and shot.

In 2000, the Church of Russia glorified him as '''Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop of Perm''', one of Russia's New Martyrs and Confessors.

==External link==
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Kyoto|
years=1906-1907|
after=[[Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan|Sergius (Tikhonmirov)]]|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Vicar to Bishop of Eulogis of Kholm|
years=1907-1908|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Tikhvin|
years=1908-1914|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1914-1918|
after=[[Theophanes (Il'minskii)]]|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Andronik of Perm

2006-03-17T11:00:57Z

INK: /* Life */

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
The holy, glorious, right-victorious hieromartyr '''Andronik of Perm''' was a [[bishop]] in the [[Church of Russia]] during the closing years of the Russian Empire and into the early years of the Bolshevik regime. He was among the many New Martyrs and Confessors of the Bolshevik years. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[June 4]].

==Life==
[[Image:Andronik of Perm.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm]]St. Andronik was born Vladimir Nikolsky on [[August 1]], 1870, in Povodnevo, a village in Myshkin uyezd, Yaroslavl [[diocese]]. His father was a [[deacon]]. After finishing studies at the Yaroslavl Seminary in 1891, he entered the Moscow Theological Academy. On [[August 1]], 1893, during his studies in Moscow he was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] and given the name of Andronik. On [[July 22]], 1895, he was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[priest]]hood.

After graduation, he was assigned as inspector and instructor, first, to the theological [[seminary]] of Kutaisi in the Caucasus and then at the seminary at Ardon.

In 1897, he was assigned to the Russian Orthodox mission to Japan, under Bishop Nicholas (Kasatkin), later known as St. [[Nicholas of Japan]], to assist in the missionary work that he began in 1861. [[Hieromonk]] Andronik was very surprised by this assignment and felt inadequate for the position, but ultimately he accepted it as God's will. His journey began in St. Petersburg on [[September 21]], 1897, and then continued from Odessa with Archimandrite [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow|Sergius (Stragorodsky)]] on [[October 26]]. Traveling through European countries and the U.S.A. then on to Japan, they arrived in Japan on [[December 26]]. He wrote and published a book about this journey, ''A Missionary Journey to Japan'' (Kazan, 1899). [[Image: Bishop_Adronik_Kyoto.jpg |thumb|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm as Bishop of Kyoto (1907)]]

On [[November 5]], 1906, Andronik was consecrated [[bishop]] of Kyoto and assistant to Bp. Nicholas. He was the first bishop of Kyoto, which is the seat of the West Japan diocese of the Orthodox [[Church of Japan]]. Although Bishop Andronik was the bishop of Kyoto, he lived in nearby Osaka which, while it then was the second largest city in Japan, was also the area where most Orthodox faithful lived. After he arrived in Osaka, he began to feel ill and found performing his duties difficult. After serving in Osaka for three months he asked leave to resign and to depart from Japan, and on [[May 27]], 1907, he left Japan and returned to Russia. There he was assigned on [[October 26]] to be the deputy to Bishop Eulogius of Kholm. In 1908, he was assigned as bishop of Tikhvin in Novgorod diocese.

Bp. Andronik was a firm supporter of the Tsar. From his point of view it was God's will to let him reign over the empire, and thus that monarchy was the appropriate way for Christians. But this did not mean he supported tyranny. Rather, the Tsar should listen to his people so that all may have peace.

On [[July 30]], 1914, he was appointed bishop of Perm and Solikamsk. Eleven days before, on [[July 19]], World War I began. As the war progressed he worked energetically for the 1.5 million inhabitants and 570 churches in the region.

In summer 1916 he travelled to the army headquarters outside St. Petersburg where Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] was leading the White Army. The purpose of the trip was to warn the Tsar about [[Rasputin]]. However, the Tsar would not take him seriously, and his trip failed. But Nicholas II was pleased with the gift Andronik gave him on behalf of his people, a pair of soldier's boots like those the province of Perm provided the army.

In 1917, he became Bishop of Perm and Kungur and became one of the seven hierarchs in the pre-conciliar council of the Local Council of the Russian Church in Moscow. He was active throughout the council, from August 1917 until April 1918, which was the end of its second session. As the agitation of the Bolshevik take-over intensified on [[January 25]], 1918, Adronik made a written appeal to the faithful to defend the heritage of the Church from the aggressors and looters, as attacks became more frequent.

In February, Bolsheviks in the Perm region started to loot [[church]]es and monasteries. After the second session of the council ended, Andronik returned to Perm. Patriarch [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] had raised him to the rank of [[archbishop]] on [[April 12]], [[Palm Sunday]]. On Holy Thursday, [[April 16]], the Bolsheviks carried out a search of his residence. He remained calm and continued the [[Holy Week]] services and that of [[Pascha]].

The Bolshevik authorities increased pressure on the Church in the following weeks. Finally Abp. Andronik was arrested at midnight on [[July 17]]. [[Clergy]] in Perm went on strike from the night he was arrested until [[July 26]], halting all divine services in the region except [[baptism]] and the last rites for the dying. But, on [[July 7]], 1918, Abp. Andronik was martyred, being buried alive and shot.

In 2000, the Church of Russia glorified him as '''Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop of Perm''', one of Russia's New Martyrs and Confessors.

==External link==
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Kyoto|
years=1906-1907|
after=[[Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan|Sergius (Tikhonmirov)]]|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Vicar to Bishop of Eulogis of Kholm|
years=1907-1908|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Tikhvin|
years=1908-1914|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1914-1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Andronik of Perm

2006-03-17T11:00:15Z

INK: /* Life */

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
The holy, glorious, right-victorious hieromartyr '''Andronik of Perm''' was a [[bishop]] in the [[Church of Russia]] during the closing years of the Russian Empire and into the early years of the Bolshevik regime. He was among the many New Martyrs and Confessors of the Bolshevik years. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[June 4]].

==Life==
[[Image:Andronik of Perm.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm]]St. Andronik was born Vladimir Nikolsky on [[August 1]], 1870, in Povodnevo, a village in Myshkin uyezd, Yaroslavl [[diocese]]. His father was a [[deacon]]. After finishing studies at the Yaroslavl Seminary in 1891, he entered the Moscow Theological Academy. On [[August 1]], 1893, during his studies in Moscow he was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] and given the name of Andronik. On [[July 22]], 1895, he was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[priest]]hood.

After graduation, he was assigned as inspector and instructor, first, to the theological [[seminary]] of Kutaisi in the Caucasus and then at the seminary at Ardon.

In 1897, he was assigned to the Russian Orthodox mission to Japan, under Bishop Nicholas (Kasatkin), later known as St. [[Nicholas of Japan]], to assist in the missionary work that he began in 1861. [[Hieromonk]] Andronik was very surprised by this assignment and felt inadequate for the position, but ultimately he accepted it as God's will. His journey began in St. Petersburg on [[September 21]], 1897, and then continued from Odessa with Archimandrite [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow|Sergius (Stragorodsky)]] on [[October 26]]. Traveling through European countries and the U.S.A. then on to Japan, they arrived in Japan on [[December 26]]. He wrote and published a book about this journey, ''A Missionary Journey to Japan'' (Kazan, 1899).
[[Image: Bishop_Adronik_Kyoto.jpg |thumb|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm as Bishop of Kyoto (1907)]]

On [[November 5]], 1906, Andronik was consecrated [[bishop]] of Kyoto and assistant to Bp. Nicholas. He was the first bishop of Kyoto, which is the seat of the West Japan diocese of the Orthodox [[Church of Japan]]. Although Bishop Andronik was the bishop of Kyoto, he lived in nearby Osaka which, while it then was the second largest city in Japan, was also the area where most Orthodox faithful lived. After he arrived in Osaka, he began to feel ill and found performing his duties difficult. After serving in Osaka for three months he asked leave to resign and to depart from Japan, and on [[May 27]], 1907, he left Japan and returned to Russia. There he was assigned on [[October 26]] to be the deputy to Bishop Eulogius of Kholm. In 1908, he was assigned as bishop of Tikhvin in Novgorod diocese.

Bp. Andronik was a firm supporter of the Tsar. From his point of view it was God's will to let him reign over the empire, and thus that monarchy was the appropriate way for Christians. But this did not mean he supported tyranny. Rather, the Tsar should listen to his people so that all may have peace.

On [[July 30]], 1914, he was appointed bishop of Perm and Solikamsk. Eleven days before, on [[July 19]], World War I began. As the war progressed he worked energetically for the 1.5 million inhabitants and 570 churches in the region.

In summer 1916 he travelled to the army headquarters outside St. Petersburg where Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] was leading the White Army. The purpose of the trip was to warn the Tsar about [[Rasputin]]. However, the Tsar would not take him seriously, and his trip failed. But Nicholas II was pleased with the gift Andronik gave him on behalf of his people, a pair of soldier's boots like those the province of Perm provided the army.

In 1917, he became Bishop of Perm and Kungur and became one of the seven hierarchs in the pre-conciliar council of the Local Council of the Russian Church in Moscow. He was active throughout the council, from August 1917 until April 1918, which was the end of its second session. As the agitation of the Bolshevik take-over intensified on [[January 25]], 1918, Adronik made a written appeal to the faithful to defend the heritage of the Church from the aggressors and looters, as attacks became more frequent.

In February, Bolsheviks in the Perm region started to loot [[church]]es and monasteries. After the second session of the council ended, Andronik returned to Perm. Patriarch [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] had raised him to the rank of [[archbishop]] on [[April 12]], [[Palm Sunday]]. On Holy Thursday, [[April 16]], the Bolsheviks carried out a search of his residence. He remained calm and continued the [[Holy Week]] services and that of [[Pascha]].

The Bolshevik authorities increased pressure on the Church in the following weeks. Finally Abp. Andronik was arrested at midnight on [[July 17]]. [[Clergy]] in Perm went on strike from the night he was arrested until [[July 26]], halting all divine services in the region except [[baptism]] and the last rites for the dying. But, on [[July 7]], 1918, Abp. Andronik was martyred, being buried alive and shot.

In 2000, the Church of Russia glorified him as '''Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop of Perm''', one of Russia's New Martyrs and Confessors.

==External link==
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Kyoto|
years=1906-1907|
after=[[Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan|Sergius (Tikhonmirov)]]|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Vicar to Bishop of Eulogis of Kholm|
years=1907-1908|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Tikhvin|
years=1908-1914|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1914-1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Andronik of Perm

2006-03-17T10:57:32Z

INK: /* Life */

{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
The holy, glorious, right-victorious hieromartyr '''Andronik of Perm''' was a [[bishop]] in the [[Church of Russia]] during the closing years of the Russian Empire and into the early years of the Bolshevik regime. He was among the many New Martyrs and Confessors of the Bolshevik years. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[June 4]].

==Life==
[[Image:Andronik of Perm.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm]]St. Andronik was born Vladimir Nikolsky on [[August 1]], 1870, in Povodnevo, a village in Myshkin uyezd, Yaroslavl [[diocese]]. His father was a [[deacon]]. After finishing studies at the Yaroslavl Seminary in 1891, he entered the Moscow Theological Academy. On [[August 1]], 1893, during his studies in Moscow he was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] and given the name of Andronik. On [[July 22]], 1895, he was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[priest]]hood.

After graduation, he was assigned as inspector and instructor, first, to the theological [[seminary]] of Kutaisi in the Caucasus and then at the seminary at Ardon.

In 1897, he was assigned to the Russian Orthodox mission to Japan, under Bishop Nicholas (Kasatkin), later known as St. [[Nicholas of Japan]], to assist in the missionary work that he began in 1861. [[Hieromonk]] Andronik was very surprised by this assignment and felt inadequate for the position, but ultimately he accepted it as God's will. His journey began in St. Petersburg on [[September 21]], 1897, and then continued from Odessa with Archimandrite [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow|Sergius (Stragorodsky)]] on [[October 26]]. Traveling through European countries and the U.S.A. then on to Japan, they arrived in Japan on [[December 26]]. He wrote and published a book about this journey, ''A Missionary Journey to Japan'' (Kazan, 1899).

[[Image: Bishop_Adronik_Kyoto.jpg |thumb|Hieromartyr Andronik of Perm as Bishop of Kyoto (1907)]]

On [[November 5]], 1906, Andronik was consecrated [[bishop]] of Kyoto and assistant to Bp. Nicholas. He was the first bishop of Kyoto, which is the seat of the West Japan diocese of the Orthodox [[Church of Japan]]. Although Bishop Andronik was the bishop of Kyoto, he lived in nearby Osaka which, while it then was the second largest city in Japan, was also the area where most Orthodox faithful lived. After he arrived in Osaka, he began to feel ill and found performing his duties difficult. After serving in Osaka for three months he asked leave to resign and to depart from Japan, and on [[May 27]], 1907, he left Japan and returned to Russia. There he was assigned on [[October 26]] to be the deputy to Bishop Eulogius of Kholm. In 1908, he was assigned as bishop of Tikhvin in Novgorod diocese.

Bp. Andronik was a firm supporter of the Tsar. From his point of view it was God's will to let him reign over the empire, and thus that monarchy was the appropriate way for Christians. But this did not mean he supported tyranny. Rather, the Tsar should listen to his people so that all may have peace.

On [[July 30]], 1914, he was appointed bishop of Perm and Solikamsk. Eleven days before, on [[July 19]], World War I began. As the war progressed he worked energetically for the 1.5 million inhabitants and 570 churches in the region.

In summer 1916 he travelled to the army headquarters outside St. Petersburg where Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] was leading the White Army. The purpose of the trip was to warn the Tsar about [[Rasputin]]. However, the Tsar would not take him seriously, and his trip failed. But Nicholas II was pleased with the gift Andronik gave him on behalf of his people, a pair of soldier's boots like those the province of Perm provided the army.

In 1917, he became Bishop of Perm and Kungur and became one of the seven hierarchs in the pre-conciliar council of the Local Council of the Russian Church in Moscow. He was active throughout the council, from August 1917 until April 1918, which was the end of its second session. As the agitation of the Bolshevik take-over intensified on [[January 25]], 1918, Adronik made a written appeal to the faithful to defend the heritage of the Church from the aggressors and looters, as attacks became more frequent.

In February, Bolsheviks in the Perm region started to loot [[church]]es and monasteries. After the second session of the council ended, Andronik returned to Perm. Patriarch [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] had raised him to the rank of [[archbishop]] on [[April 12]], [[Palm Sunday]]. On Holy Thursday, [[April 16]], the Bolsheviks carried out a search of his residence. He remained calm and continued the [[Holy Week]] services and that of [[Pascha]].

The Bolshevik authorities increased pressure on the Church in the following weeks. Finally Abp. Andronik was arrested at midnight on [[July 17]]. [[Clergy]] in Perm went on strike from the night he was arrested until [[July 26]], halting all divine services in the region except [[baptism]] and the last rites for the dying. But, on [[July 7]], 1918, Abp. Andronik was martyred, being buried alive and shot.

In 2000, the Church of Russia glorified him as '''Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop of Perm''', one of Russia's New Martyrs and Confessors.

==External link==
*[http://eparhia.permonline.ru/ Diocese of Perm] (in Russian)

{{Start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Kyoto|
years=1906-1907|
after=[[Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan|Sergius (Tikhonmirov)]]|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Vicar to Bishop of Eulogis of Kholm|
years=1907-1908|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title= Bishop of Tikhvin|
years=1908-1914|
after=?|}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Perm and Solikamsk|
years=1914-1918|
after=?|}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]